USA > New Jersey > Middlesex County > Perth Amboy > Contributions to the early history of Perth Amboy and adjoining country : with sketches of men and events in New Jersey during the provincial era > Part 39
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The following was the population of Woodbridge Town -- ship at five decennial periods :-
White-Males
1,980
In 1810
" All other free persons " Slaves
134
- 230
Total
- 4,247
White-Males
1,863
Females
2,051
In 1820
" All other free persons " 220
Slaves -
92
Total
-
- 4,226:
L White-Males
1,770
66 Females
1,887
In 1830
Free Colored Persons - 297
Slaves
15
Total
- 3,969
-
1,903
66 Females - -
54 Its destruction was thus announ- ced in the newspapers of the day :- "The ancient Elm in Woodbridge, N. J., fronting the "Elm Tree Tavern," from its decayed state, has been cut down. The trunk was hollow, and measured 32 feet in circumference, ca-
pable of accommodating 15 men stand- ing upright within. One limb mea- sured 15 feet in circumference. About. half a barrel of honey, of exquisite . quality and flavor, was found in the- tree." This was in 1837.
400
WOODBRIDGE.
L
White-Males
-
2,188
In 1840
Females -
2,275
Free Colored Persons -
351
Slaves
7
Total
- 4,821
White-Males
-
2,444
In 1850
Females -
-
2,488
Free Colored Persons
209
Total
5,141
Chapter XII .- Piscataway,
* * Itis sweet
To linger here, among the flitting birds And leaping squirrels, wandering brooks and winds That shake the leaves, and scatter as they pass A fragrance from the cedars, thickly set With pale blue berries. In these peaceful shades,- Peaceful, unpruned, immeasurably old- My thoughts go up the long dim path of years, Back to the earliest days of liberty."
PISCATAWAY was settled under a grant, dated December 18th, 1666,1 the grantees being John Martin, 2 Charles Gilman, Hugh Dun and Hopewell Hull ; and on the 30th May, 1668, Robert Dennis, John Smith, John Gilman and Benjamin Hull, were announced as associates. They came principally from Piscataqua in New England, but were originally from Britain. They conferred upon their township the name of the place whence they came ; it being known as Piscataqua for some time after the settlement.
The following are the names of those for whom land was surveyed up to 1690, with their respective quantities : 3
1 East Jersey, &c., p. 42.
2 This Martin was the ancestor of the once celebrated Luther Martin, of Baltimore. In a pamphlet, entitled " Modern Gratitude,"- written and published by him in 1799, for the pur- pose of enlightening the public mind as to the circumstances connected with some domestic trials to which he was subjected-he gives all the parti- culars of his history. He says, "Two brothers of that family from which I derive my name were among the first settlers in East Jersey. They came immediately, I believe, from Piscata- qua, in New England, with the ances- tors of the Dunns, the Dunhams, the
Fitz Randolphs, the Mannings, the Bon- hams, and other old and respectable families in that State. * * * *
* * Numerous yet are the persons who bear my name in New Jersey, to all of whom I am more or less distant- ly connected, and the descendants of the same family are to be found from the Hudson on the East, to the Span- ish possessions on the West." 3 These names are from the East Jersey Records, through the Elizabeth- town Bill in Chancery, p. 37. The Town Records contain two lists which contain a few names not in the text, and there are some here given not in- cluded in those lists.
26
402
PISCATAWAY.
Acres.
Alexander Adams
150 Thomas Gordon (of Amboy) - 110
Thomas Bartlett -
70 John Hendricks
- 120
Simon Brinley -
90 Daniel Hendricks -
- 195
Peter Billiow
210 Mary Higgins 7
- 254
Nicholas Bonham ‘
122
Jediah Higging
80
Elizabeth Bonham
100
Thomas Higgins
53
Timothy Carter
63
George Jewel
95
Benjamin Clarke -
275
Hopewell Hull
284
George Drake
424 Benjamin Hull 8
498
Francis Drake (Capt.)
245 Samuel Hull -
- 144
John Drake
30
Daniel Lepinton
129
Samuel Doty
- 2523
Thomas Lowry
70
Hugh Dun
138 John Langstaff
300
Benajah Dunham -
1033 John Martin -
334
Edmond Dunham -
100 John Martin, junior
230
John FitzRandolph
225 Joseph Martin
60
Elizabeth FitzRandolph Benjamin FitzRandolph- Thomas FitzRandolph -
- 130
Ann, his widow (1690)
200
- 106
Samuel Moore
280
Rehoboth Gannet -
- 224
John Mullison
100
Henry Greenland ®
- 384
Nicholas Mundaye
- 1013
Charles Gilman
- 340
Joshua Perine
30
John Gilman -
-
300 Vincent Rognion 9
1543
Matthew Giles
- 120
Walter Robinson
100
James Giles 1
280
John Smalley
- 118}
James Godfry
-
34} John Smalley, junior
- 215
4 Hence "Bonhamtown." He died in 1683.
5 She is presumed to be the widow of Edward, and to have become, on the 30th June, 1685, the wife of Capt. John Pike, of Woodbridge.
6 Heis styled "Doctor " in 1678, and subsequently "Captain "-by which title he is designated as implicated in some disorderly proceedings in 1681, for which the General Assembly de- clared him incapable of holding office ; an act, however, disallowed by the Proprietaries [see East Jersey, p. 80, note ; Grants and Concess., pp. 228,280, 281.] He was probably the indivi- dual alluded to in the following ex- tract from Coffin's History of Newbury, Mass., pp. 64, 66, 67: " 1662, Doctor Henry Greenland and his wife Mary came to Newbury. He appears to have been a man of good education, but passionate, unprincipled, and gross- ly immoral. He, of course, soon be- came involved in difficulties with his neighbors, and caused great excite- ment among the sober citizens of the town, who had not been accustomed to such specimens of immorality as he had displayed before them." In March,
for some gross offence against good morals, the Court sentenced him " to be imprisoned till next sessions of the court, then to be whipt or pay a fine of thirty pounds, and be bound to good behaviour." " One of the witnesses in his behalf testified that ' he had been a soldier and was a gentleman, and they must have their liberties.' An- other asserted, that, as he was a stran- ger and ' a great man, it would be best not to make an uprore, but to let him goe away privately.' " In September following (1664) he was convicted, with one other, of an assault, for which he was again fined and bound to keep the peace. He appealed to the gene- ral court, but his sentence was con- firmed, and he was ordered " to depart the jurisdiction, and not to practice physic or surgery." From 1666 to 1672 he resided in Kittery.
7 Widow of Richard-a son, Elia- kim, married a Newbold, of West Jer- sey.
Innkeeperin 1677. The name and the business have continued connected to the present day.
9 Soon converted into Runyon. .
5
277
Jefery Maning (1678)
- 195
Acres.
403
PISCATAWAY.
Acres.
Acres.
Edward Slater
- 464
Samuel Walker -
- 120
Michael Simmons -
. 1043 Andrew Worden - -
67
Richard Smith
164 George Winckfield
- 63
William Sutton 10
249 Robert Wright
- 86
-
The following are some of the village dignitaries during the early years of the settlement :-
DEPUTIES TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
1675 John Gilman,
Hopewell Hull,
1684-86 George Drake,
Isaac Smalley,
1687 George Drake,
John Langstaff,
1692 George Drake,
Benjamin Clarke,
1693 Hopewell Hull, John Drake,
" Sept., Thomas FitzRandolph, in place of H. Hull, deceased.
1694-95 Thomas FitzRandolph, Thomas Higgins,
1696-97 Cornelius Longfield,
Jediah Higgins,
1698 Samuel Walker,
Cornelius Longfield.
OVERSEERS OF THE HIGHWAYS.
1683 George Drake,
Hopewell Hull,
1684 Charles Gilman,
John Martin,
1686-7 George Drake, Hopewell Hull,
1688 William Wright, Thomas Higgins,
1689 Benjamin Clarke, Benjamin Hull,
1690 Thomas Higgins,
Matthew Giles,
1692 Benjamin Clarke, Jediah Higgins,
1695-6 John Drake, Thomas Grubs, Benajah Dunham,
1698 John Field, John Drake.
JUSTICES OF THE TOWN COURT.
May, 1688, Benjamin Clarke, George Drake, Charles Gilman. (Their successors or predecessors are not mentioned.)
CONSTABLES.
1684 Hopewell Hull, 1692 Jabez Hendricks,
1685 Jediah Higgins, 1693 Wm. Sutton,
1686 Nicolas Mundaye, 1694 Benjamin James,
1687 Charles Gilman, 1695 Benjamin Clarke,
1688 Thomas FitzRandolph, 1696 John Drake,
1689 John Martin,
1697 Isaac Smalley,
1690 Joseph Martin,
1698 Thomas Grub.
SELECT MEN to manage the affairs of the town were first established in January, 1693. Those first selected were Captain Francis Drake, Thomas FitzRandolph, Benjamin Hull, Isaac Smalley, and Edward Slater.
10 On the 25th Nov., 1682, William Sutton voluntarily gives his son Rich- ard to James and Elizabeth Giles, un-
til he shall be 21-they agreeing to do for him "as for their own."
404
PISCATAWAY.
TOWN OLERKS.
1684-87 Edward Slater, 1731-41 John Dunham,
1687-92 Isaac Smalley,
1741-50 John Stelle,
1692-97 Edward Slater, 1750 Reune Rugnion,
1705-11 Isaac Smalley, 1767 Ephraim Runyon,
1711-1714 John Mullison,
1777 Thompson Stelle,
1714 to 1731 Benajah Dunham,
1810 Reune Martin.
Overseers of the Poor were not chosen until 1709, John Drake and Hugh Dun being the first. The same year Chosen Freeholders were first selected, John Burrows and William Hudson being appointed.
The first recorded marriage by a "Minister of the Gospel," was on the 5th August, 1714,-Jonathan Dunham and Joan Piat being the happy couple. They were united by Mr. John Drake, whose services are occasionally referred to thereafter until 1737. Mr. Edmond Dunham is also mentioned in con- nection with marriages as " a Minister of the Gospel" from 1712 to 1732. The Rev. Gilbert Tennent officiated at a mar- riage in 1734. Only one or two marriages are recorded (in 1738-9) as having been sanctioned by the Rev. Benjamin Stelle, although in charge of the congregation for twenty years.
The Baptists appear to have been the first to establish re- ligious services in Piscataway. Some of the original settlers were of that persuasion,11 and in 1683 they received an addi- tion to their numbers by the arrival of a company from Tippe- rary in Ireland. Messrs. Drake and Dunham, and also Mr. Hugh Dunn, are said by Benedict to have preached in Piscata- way prior to 1689, although unordained ; but in the spring of that year the Rev. Thomas Killingworth visited the town, or- ganized a congregation, and ordained Mr. Drake, who continued as their pastor thereafter until his death, in 1739. He bore an excellent character.12 The Rev. Henry Lovell was associa- ted with him towards the close of his career, but for some mis- conduct was expelled the society.
11 Edwards says, that " tradition will allow of no more than six to have been professed Baptists, viz., Hugh Dunn, who was an exhorter; John Drake, afterwards their pastor ; Nicholas Bon- ham; John Smalley; Edmond Dun- ham, afterwards minister of the Sev- enth-day Baptists; and John Ran- dolph. It is not to be doubted but the
said men had wives or sisters or daughters of the same way of think- ing."
He had three wives, by whom he had six sons : Isaac, Abraham, Francis, John, Benjamin and Samuel; and two daughters : Sarah and Rebecca .- Ed- wards' Materials, p. 25.
405
PISCATAWAY.
The successor of Mr. Drake was Benjamin Stelle, of French parentage, but born in New York-"a popular preacher and upright magistrate." He continued in charge of the con- gregation until his death in January, 1759, in his 76th year, having been assisted in his ministerial labors for several years by his son, Isaac Stelle, who continued to officiate for nearly twenty-three years after the death of his father, and died Oc- tober 9th, 1781, in his 63d year, highly esteemed. In com- pany with the Rev. Benjamin Miller, Mr. Stelle travelled much among the Baptists of America. 13
The Rev. Reune Runyon succeeded Mr. Stelle in 1783, having been called to the ministry in 1771, when 30 years of age. He was ordained at Morristown, in March, 1772, where he remained until 1780. Mr. Runyon died in Nov., 1811 ; having been assisted in his labors part of the time by Henry Smalley.14
The Rev. James McLaughlin-then pastor of the Baptist Church at Kingwood, N. J.,-was called to succeed Mr. Run- yon, and entered upon his duties in October, 1812. A por- tion of the congregation resided in New Brunswick, where a convenient meeting-house had been built two years before, and as there was no parsonage in Piscataway, Mr. Mclaughlin took up his residence there, holding his services at both places-at Piscataway in the morning of each Lord's day, and in New Brunswick in the afternoon. On the 1st September, 1816, the members of the congregation residing in New Brunswick, twenty-three in number, were formed into a separate church.
Mr. McLaughlin continued to serve both congregations un- til his resignation, which was presented October 19th, 1817. He is remembered by many as a worthy man and excellent minister, grave in his deportment and unusually solemn in his pulpit addresses.
13 Mr. Stelle married Christiana Clarkson, by whom he had six sons : Benjamin, John, Abel, Joseph, Oliver and Samuel ; and one daughter, Mary. -Edwards, p. 27.
14 He was " remarkable for dexterity in administering baptism." " On 30th June, 1786," says Edwards, "a gen-
tleman held his watch in his hand till he had baptized 30 in 58 minutes." His wife was Ann Bray, by whom he had five daughters : Ann, Rachel, Charlotte, Matilda and Isabella ; and three sons : Vincent, Daniel, Reune .- Edwards, p. 28.
406
PISCATAWAY.
The congregation was without a pastor about a year, but on the 1st October, 1818, the Rev. William Dodge, of Wil- mington, Delaware, took it under his charge, and for nearly fourteen years continued its efficient and exemplary pastor, attracting the people to him by a happy union of dignity and affability in his deportment, his neatness of person and becom- ing walk and conversation ; and though dead, still lives in the warm affections of many of his flock. During the pastorate of Mr. Dodge the congregation prospered materially. In Feb- ruary, 1825, it was determined to erect a new house of worship on the site of the old one,15 and so vigorously was the building prosecuted, that in the following October it was dedicated. It cost $3,000. When he first entered upon his duties, Mr. Dodge resided in New Brunswick, as his predecessor had done, but in 1830 removed to a farm near the Piscataway meeting- house. On his resignation he removed to Newark, and became the pastor of the first Baptist Church there, in 1832.
The Rev. Daniel D. Lewis succeeded Mr. Dodge in June, 1833, and remained in charge of the congregation until his death, Sept. 27th, 1849, "having served the Church faithfully and successfully for more than sixteen years. His remains were interred in the yard near the house where he labored so long, and where he finished his course. A plain stone marks the place where they rest. He was a plain man, making no pretensions to learning or eloquence, diffident and retiring in his manners, but sound in the faith, and earnest in his delivery of the truth, seeking the honor of his Divine Master, and the peace and harmony of his people." 16 On April 1st, 1850, the Rev. Henry V. Jones, the present incumbent, accepted a call to the pastorate, removing from Newark, where he had had charge of the first Baptist Church.
Mr. Lewis, like his predecessors, had resided in New Bruns- wick, but shortly after his death, it was resolved to provide a parsonage within the town limits, which was accomplished by
15 This old church was probably the one built in 1686. See Extracts from the Town Records on a following page.
16 Letter from Mr. S. Smith of Pis- cataway; to whom I am under many
obligations for information respecting the place and people, and particularly for the items in the text referring to the Baptist Congregation in late years.
407
PISCATAWAY.
purchasing a small farm of twenty acres and constructing thereon a new house, at an expense of $4,000. On the 1st January, 1851, the meeting-house erected in 1825 took fire and was entirely consumed ; but with commendable zeal the people at once took measures to build another, and in January, 1852, a little more than a year after the destruction of the old one, a handsome new edifice, costing $7,500, was completed and dedicated ; occupying the same spot which had been the site of the two former ones,
" Where, * in many a mould'ring heap, Each in his narrow cell for ever laid, The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep"-
who were the worshippers within their walls ; and their children, grandchildren and great grandchildren, constitute the con- gregation that now periodically assembles within the present meeting-house.
The first congregation in New Jersey of Seventh-day Bap- ists was gathered in Piscataway. The first members were originally of the regular Baptist Society, the first Association being formed in April, 1707, although they held religious services two years earlier.17 The cause of the secession is stated by Edwards to have been owing to Mr. Edmond Dun- ham's admonishing Hezekiah Bonham for doing some servile work on Sunday, when Bonham required of him proof that the first day of the week was holy by divine institution. This Mr. Dunham could not do to his own satisfaction, after duly ex- amining the point, and he consequently renounced the obser- vance of the first in favor of the seventh day of the week : re- ceiving the fourth commandment as an unchangeable law. This was about the year 1700 or 1701.
1
17 The signers to the agreement were, Edmond Dunham, Mary Dun- ham, Benjamin Dunham, Dorothy Dunham, John FitzRandolph, Sarah FitzRandolph, Elizabeth Fitz Ran- dolph, Benjamin Martin, Margaret Martin, Jonathan Martin, Hannah Martin, Hugh Dunn, Elizabeth Dunn,
Samuel Dunn, Hesther Dunn, Joseph Dunn, and Gershom Hull; and sub- sequently individuals from the families of the Dottas, Cummins, Wooders, Smalleys, Algers, Chandlers, &c .- Edwards, p. 130. At the time he wrote, in 1789, the congregation num- bered 100.
408
PISCATAWAY.
Mr. Dunham continued the oversight of the church until his death, March 7th, 1734, in the 73d year of his age.18 He was succeeded by his son, the Rev. Jonathan Dunham ; preach- ing as a licentiate until 1745, when he was chosen pastor, and so continued until his death, March 11th, 1777, from small- pox, in his 86th year-leaving behind him an excellent char- acter.
The next pastor was the Rev. Nathan Rogers, who as- sumed the care of the congregation in 1787 :- but with the succession during the present century I am unacquainted.
ST. JAMES' CHURCH.
As has been already stated, 19 the first regular religious ser- vices in Piscataway, according to the forms of the Church of England, were performed by the Rev. Mr. Brooks, whose la- bors in the Province commenced in 1704. He usually visited the place once a month, and some steps were taken towards the erection of a church.20 Mr. Vaughan succeeded him in similar services, and subsequently Mr. Halliday officiated once a fortnight. At this time the building of a brick church " 87 feet long, 23 wide, and 13 high on the side walls " was under- taken, and more than £100 subscribed ; a portion of which is stated to have been expended for materials, but no further progress was made.21 Subsequently, about the year 1717, by the advice of Mr. Vaughan the frame of a timber church was put up, but the funds being exhausted, it remained in an un- finished state until 1724 ; at which time they received occa- sional visits from the Rev. Mr. Skinner of Perth Amboy ; who gives, as the number of communicants in that year, eighteen
18 He married Elizabeth Bonham, by whom he had four sons : Benajah, Edmond, Jonathan and Ephraim; and three daughters : Elizabeth, Mary and Hannah.
19 Page 213.
20 Rev. George Keith, in his Jour- nal, mentions officiating once in Pisca- taway, on Dec. 30, 1702.
21 Communication to the Society
from the Vestry, Dec. 24th, 1714. The most prominent man of the congrega- tion at that time was John Barrow, one of the Wardens. The other Warden was Thomas Wetherel; the Vestry John Molleson, William Hodgson, Robert Webster, Charles Glover, Hope- well Hull, Henry Langstaff, Samuel Walker, John Jennings, William OI- den, Samuel Royse.
409
PISCATAWAY.
or nineteen, and represents the congregation as increasing- the attendance being as large there as in Amboy. For more than thirty years, and probably until his death, did Mr. Skinner discharge his duties faithfully as a missionary to this flock. In 1747 he wrote, " My circuit from the first Sunday in May is from Amboy to South River, from thence to Pisca- taway, and from thence to Amboy, while the river is passable, or travelling possible ; and indeed the extremes of heat and cold render the service at sixty years of age very hard to your most humble servant."
He had the satisfaction of seeing the congregation enlarge under his ministrations-stating in 1741 that his hearers gen- erally numbered 200, and on Christmas Day, 1748, he re- ports the number of communicants to have been forty- five.
The parish subsequently passed into the charge of the missionaries stationed at New Brunswick-the Rev. Messrs. Wood, McKean and Cutting, who officiated there at different periods. The latter gentleman, who commenced his labors in 1764, appears to have been of a truly catholic spirit, living at New Brunswick and associating harmoniously with all denom- inations ; in addition to his clerical functions, having under his care a few young gentlemen whom he prepared for College. His services at Piscataway were well attended, and he states that he was on the most friendly terms with the Baptist clergyman, by agreement with him, officiating every third Sunday in the month, when that gentleman's duties called him elsewhere. He met, however, with much to discourage him ; so strong were the prejudices which education and association had engendered in those composing his congregation, on his proposing to them baptism, they preferred objections to sprink- ling, and on offering to immerse them, they declined receiving the sign of the cross upon their foreheads ; and what gave him great uneasiness was the divisions existing among them re- specting land titles, one of the principal men of the congrega- tion becoming very inimical to many, who wished Mr. Cutting to exercise ecclesiastical discipline upon him. "I remonstrated to them," says the missionary ; " it was a matter of law and
.
410
PISCATAWAY.
too intricate for me. In vain did I endeavor to convince them the Church had no business with disputes concerning property I offered every thing in my power to mediate matters, and at last brought the principal parties to agree to leave the affair to arbitration ; the rest were still violent, and because I re- fused to do what I could not answer to God, my conscience and the Society, they threatened to leave the Church : and the last communion some really absented them- selves." This was in 1765; the next year he states with pleasure that the hostility of the parties was somewhat molli- fied, though he found it " more difficult to appease them when their temporal interest was concerned than when any scruples arose in their minds concerning religion."
Shortly after this the Rev. Abraham Beach succeeded Mr. Cutting at New Brunswick, and officiated occasionally at Pis- cataway until the Revolution. From the re-establishment of peace up to 1830, missionaries of the Protestant Episcopal Church, or clergymen from the nearest towns, visited the place only two or three times a year. In 1830 the congregation was placed, along with that of Trinity Church, Woodbridge, in charge of the Rev. Wm. Douglas, and so continued for ten years and until Mr. Douglas's removal to the West. In 1840 the Rev. Frederick Ogilby officiated occasionally ; in 1841 and 1842 the Rev. Hamble J. Leacock ; in 1843 and 1844 the Rev. Alfred Stubbs, of New Brunswick ; in 1845 the Rev. James Chipchase ; and from 1847 to 1855 the Rev. Isaac Smith, were either in charge of the parish or gave to it a portion of their time.
On the 19th June, 1835, the Church was entirely destroyed by a tornado, and the present edifice was erected at the ex- pense of Joseph Foulke, Esq., of New York.
The following items are from the Town Records excepting the first, the authority for which is the Official Record at Trenton, Liber 4 :-
November, 1681. Testimony was taken before 'Justices Vicars and Greenland, Piscataway, to the effect that Edward Slater had "uttered
-
411
PISCATAWAY.
very pnishouse and Squerillousse words Rendering the Government of the provinse, the Governor and Counsell Odyouse in the Eyes and hearts of the people." Slater was in consequence imprisoned for riotous conduct, and not allowed bail ; but in 1683 he obtained a verdict of £45 against Vicars, and £50 against Greenland for false imprisonment. At the same Court, March, 1683, Vicars was indicted for opposing and advising against the holding of Courts under the Act of the General Assembly, passed Oct., 1681, and for conniving, advising and abetting the issuing out of several commissions for holding special courts from Nov., 1681, to March, 1682, at Elizabethtown and elsewhere, and for exercising arbitary power over the inhabitants, and for dissolving the Assembly contrary to the Conces- sions in October, 1681.22 He was again twice indicted in August, 1683, one of them stating that he was supposed to be an escaped criminal from England, and that he had taken upon himself, April 6, 1682, the office of Secretary and Register, and executed the duties for some months. In re- lation to his actions as a citizen, the grand jury in an indictment of nine counts, presented him " as a common nuisance and offence." He was found guilty, fined £100 sterling, and sentenced to Woodbridge Jail until paid, and required to give security for his good behavior. Slater evident- ly did not suffer in the estimation of his fellow townsmen by the persecu- tion of Vicars and Greenland, which probably was the consequence of his course in the Assembly, in 1681, of which he was a member, al- though his name does not appear in the list of deputies on a preceding page.
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