USA > New Jersey > Somerset County > History of Hunterdon and Somerset counties, New Jersey : with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 2
USA > New Jersey > Hunterdon County > History of Hunterdon and Somerset counties, New Jersey : with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 2
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Caleb F. Fisher.
between 348, 349
348, 319 Jacob Reed.
Gen, Frederick Frelinghuysen ..
585
John Frelinghuysen ..
586
James S. Flaher. 367
Theodore Frelinghuysen ...
586
Abraham Ton Brooke Williamson. 367
Theodore Frelinghuysen, Jr 586
Frederick Frelinghuysen. 587
Nathan Stont .. 368
William B. Prall. 360
Theo. Frelinghuysen, Jr.
587
Daniel F. Beatty
454
Corneline Stewart.
455
Nathan Lance.
456 457
Alexander Wurts. 208
Sylvester Il. Smith
Howard Servis.
467
W. S. Creveling.
468, 469
Martin H. Creveling.
468, 469 469
George A. Allen
David F. Wene.
W. R. Little between 470, 471 = 470, 471
Robert Craig. 484 485 Sammuel W. Salter 504
James N. Pidcock
Jolin Klino.
506 50G
David M. Kline.
507 519 520
William Egbert.
Jobn F. Schenck
Edward A. Rockhill.
Charles Carhart
Joseph King.
Joseph B. Probasco
Nathaniel B. Boileau.
524
Jacob Cregar.
531 532 540
Jonathan Dawes.
541
Jolın F. Grandin, M.D.
Joseph Fritts.
William Paterson
Richard Stockton
Peter D. Vrooni.
Samuel L. Southard
William L. Dayton.
Andrew Kirkpatrick.
583 584
William Griffith.
Thomna A. Hartwell
William Thomson
John M. Mann
Jacob Bergen ..
Jacob R. Hardenbergh
584 585
George McDonald ...
584 584 581 681
Isaac Rowe.
Frederic A. Potts
521 522 523 524
David Neighbour.
Robert Van Amburgh
542 543 580 580 581 582 582
Edward P. Conkling
Peter Vredenburgh
213
John Rockhill.
Nathaniel Saxton.
John Kugler.
403
PAOE 203
Cornelius W. Larison 366
Martin Coryell.
Cornelius Arnett ...
9
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
Dumont Frelinghuysen ..
Ephrulm R. Stelle .. .
between 738, 739
Frederick T. Frellughuysen ..
587
O. R. Stelle.
738, 739
James S. Nevius ..
589
Freeman Stelle ..
734, 739
Geo. JI. Brown
589
James P. Goltra.
.facing 740
Jns. S. Green
589
Ferdinand Van Dorn.
751
Jno. ]'. Stockton
590
Oliver Dunster
752
Robt. F. Stockton.
590
David W. King.
-53
Joseph Thompson
590
Peter Z. Smith
Alvah A. Chuk
Joseph Annin
7.34
Jno. Schomp.
Thomas Holmes,
Jne. F. Hageman
591
Jeaiah Smith ...
755
Jno. V. Voorhires
692
- Juhn 11. Anderson.
7.75
Isninh N. Dilts.
Edward Vail.
facing
Hugh M. Gaston
502
Calvin Carle
766
Jas. J. Bergon ..
502
Henry V. Voorhees
John D. Bartine.
A. Fleming
between 768, 769 =
A. V. D. Honeyman
593
Tunis Van Camp.
768, 709
Garrit $. Cunnon
593
James Ten Eyck.
769
Abraham O. Zabriskie.
593
Simon A. Nevius.
John Reeve.
Ianne Dumont
770
Win. M. Mckissack
Abram Van Nest
771
Peter 1. Stryker ...
G. Voorhres Quick
772
Abraham Van Buren.
590
Peter G Schomp.
-72
Lawrence Van Derveer.
Tunis D. Myers
Henry Van Derveer, of Somerville.
596
James H1. Van Cleef
between 776, 101
Henry Van Derveer, of Pluckamin
5:16
P. N. Beekman
176, 177
Henry IT. Van Derveer
507
Edward T. Corwin
704
Garret Van Doren ..
5.07
Abraham Van Nuys ..
795
Ferdinand S Schenck
598
Peter G. Quick
Jacob T. B. Skillman
David K. Anten ..
A. T. B. Van Doren.
Peter P. Quick.
Wm. D. McKissack
600
Jacob Dilts ..
798
W'm. II. Merrill
601
Julın Van Doren
,99
Peter Ten Eyck.
GOL
Isane V. D. Hall ..
Jno. V. Schenck.
602
l'eter W. Young.
800
Henry G. Wagoner.
604
Frederick V. 1 .. Voorhees.
.between 800, 801 =
Henry F. Van Derveer
605
l'etor C. Van Arulale.
800, 801
Daniel Porter.
GOT
Juliu Everett
= 800, 801
Abraham Messler
670
Abraham L. Hoagland.
E. S. Doughty
.facing
6~1
Anulrew Lane.
801
Joshua Doughty ..
681
Peter Q. Hongland ..
Davenport Family
689
Abraham V. D. Staats
802
Jne. R. Emery ..
G92
Benjamin B. Hogemen
facing
812
Seymour C. Trontinun.
Peter Stoothoff ..
¥14
Jno. T. Van Derveer.
695
Albert V. Garrotson.
825
Davil Dunn.
GOG
Stephen Harritson.
825
Abram J. Powelson
696
Jnmes S. Garretson
826
George Mc Bride
6,17
Jucob Wyckoff
826
William Hodge
Peter Wyrkoff.
828
Peter A. Voorlives
890
William 11. Gallek
830
John Whitenack = 698, 699
Cornelius Barcalow
831
A. H. Brokuw
Abraham J, Suydam
832
William A. McDowell. 726
F. V. L. Novius facing
833
A. W. McDowell
John S. Nevius ..
$33
Peter J. Lane.
729
John Van Zandt.
848
John G. Selımıp ..
730
James X. Van Zandt
$19
Cornelius W. Schomp.
Abram C. Wikoff
¥19
David O. Voorhees,
850
Martin In Touretto .. 2:32
Peter Stryker Stout
John Mc Dowell 732
Lawrence Van Derveer ..
.furing 830
Frederick H. Lah0. .between 732, 7:33
Henry Duryeo
William A. Van Dora.
7:33
Samuel Gildes
Alusham Smith
733
Archibald t'addington.
44
Cimuncey M. Fickt.
604
Anchens Bergen ..
800, 801
Aaron V. Gariet-on.
693
Charles B. Moore.
George Lane
699
dosiah Schunck
Henry P. Staats between 602, 699
D. P. Kenyon
638,699
695, 6010
William Hlouth :31
687
500
692
.ficIng
10
CONTENTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
HUNTERDON COUNTY. PAGE
Ontline Map of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties .. .. between 8,9
Washington's Headquarters at Rocky Hill ..
.. facing
79
Hunterdon County Court-House. 202
Portrait of John N. Voorhees.
facing
211
E. P. Conkling.
213
= John Blanc .. 224
LAMBERTVILLE.
Residence of A. H. Holcombe. facing 265
View of India-Rubber Works.
Portrait of Ashbel Welch.
P. O. Studiiford,
Martin Coryell ..
William McCready
A. H. Holcombe.
= George H. Larison .between 294, 295
R. McDowell.
facing
295
C. Arnett 295
¥
James C. Weeden.
.facing
290
John Sproat.
297
RARITAN.
View of Baptist Church, Flemington. 319
Plan of Flemington in 1767. 326
1812
329
Portrait of C. Bartles ..
facing
338
John C. Hopewell
¥
341
Runkle Rea.
342
Peter I. Nevius
facing
342
WEST AMWELL.
Portrait of Cabel F. Fisher. .between 348, 349 ¥ Jacob Reed 348, 349
EAST AMWELL.
Portrait of Cornelius W. Larison .facing
366
James S. Fisher.
367
A. T. Williamson. 368
368
William B. Prall
369
DELAWARE.
Portrait of Joseph Williamson 388
Androw Larason 388
Benjamin Larison between 388, 389
Residence of Benjamin Larison
388, 389
Portrait of E. P. Tomlinson
389
= Isaac S. Cramer. facing 300
Joshua Primmer.
391
KINGWOOD.
Portrait of Wesley Bellis facing 403
= Jolın Kugler 40-1
FRANKLIN.
Residence of John Willson facing 432 Portrait of lliram Dents 441
Daniel Little. 443
AHa McPherson 443
Ана Саве .. 4.4 1
LEBANON.
View of Old Mount Lebanon Methodist Church
450
the Old Eight-Square School-1IonNo .... 453
Portrait of Daniel F. Beatty. facing
454
456
456
William W. Swayze. facing 457
BETHLEHEM.
PAGE
Portrait of Sylvester H. Smith. .facing 4G7
Howard Servis. 468
Samuel Creveling, Sr
between 468, 469
Samuel Creveling, Jr.
468, 469
W. S. Creveling.
468, 469
Martin II. Creveling. = 468,469
John C. Wene. facing 469
David F. Wene. 469
William Tinsman.
470
66 Josephi W. Willever. between 470, 471
Residence of Joseph W. Willever
W. H. Drake.
470, 471
470,471
Portrait of W. R. Little
470, 471
Portraits of Moses Robins and Wife
= 470, 471
TEWKSBURY.
Portraits of Nathan and Andrew Schuyler. .facing 480
Portrait of Robert Craig
484
Samuel W. Salter.
485
READINGTON.
Portrait of John Kling ..
facing 503
44 504
J. N. Pidcock
B. A. Watson
505
Portraits of Isaac Rowe, David M. Kline, L. B. Kline.
506
507
UNION.
Portrait of F. A. Potts.
facing 519
William Egbert.
520
Edward A. Rockbill. 521
Charles Carhart
... facing
522
Joseph King
523
J. B. Probasco.
524
HIGH BRIDGE.
Portrait of Jacob Cregar ..
531
= David Neighbour ... facing 532
CLINTON.
Portrait of Robert Van Amburgh
facing 540
Jonathan Dawes. 541
John Grandin .. 512
= John F. Grandin.
542
Joseph Fritts
543
SOMERSET COUNTY.
Map of Land Patents North Half of Somerset County ........ .. facing 562
568
View of Somerset County Court-House
Portrait of Frederick T. Frelinghnysen 588
590
Alvalı A. Clark,
591
John Schomp .. facing
591
= W. II. Merrill. 601
= Peter Ten Eyck. facing G02
C. M. Field.
604
66 Daniel Porter.
608
BRIDGEWATER.
Viow of First Reformed Church ..
670
Portrait of Abraham Messler facing 670
¥ Joshua Donghity.
E. S. Doughty.
James S. Davenport
089
= Jolin R. Emery facing 692
693
Aaron V. Garretson
S. C. Troutman facing
694
John Van Derveer 695
David Dunn 090
680
681
Cornelius Stewart ...
Nathan Lance ..
¥
292
" 293
294
282
289
291
Portrait of Albert Shannon.
Joseph Thompson ...
Nathan Stout.
11
CONTENTS.
Portrait of Abram J. Powelson.
697
George McBride ...
697
William Hodge.
(1,1%
llonry B. Stants.
between 608, 699
D. P. Kenyon ..
G95, 699
A. II. Brokaw
= 695, 699
= John Whitenack
698, 699
George Lane.
699
BEDMINSTER.
l'ortrait of W. A. McDowell facing 790
A. W. McDowell,
Peter J. Lano ...
.
John G. Schomp
C. W. Schomp.
facing
:30
= W'm. Henth ..
7331
Jolin M. Dowell
Martin La Tourette.
.facing
44 F'red. 1. Laue.
between 732, 733
= W. A. Van Dorn
facing 783
Abraham Smith :34
BERNARD.
Portrait of Ephraim R. Stelle between 755, 739
O. R. Stelle.
738, 739
Freeman Stelle.
=
Jns. P. Goltra.
facing
7-10
= Ferdinnud Van Dorn 751
= Oliver Dunster. facing 772
=
David W. King 753
Peter Z. Smith
731
= Jus, Aualn. between 751, 755
= Thos, Holmes, 7 .- 1, 755
=
John H. Auderson facing 705
= Isaiah Smith. 755
Edward Vail facing 756
BRANCHBURG.
Portrait of Calvin Corle. faring 766
Henry V. Voorlees.
767
A. Fleming between 768, 769
Tunis Van Camp.
708. 700
James Ten Eyck.
= Sinon Nevius.
Isnac Dumont. faring
770
= A. Van Nest.
=
c. V. Quick ..
= P. G. Schomp. facing
Tunis D. Myers
..
773
HILLSBOROUGH.
Map of Early Purchases, Somerset County, .facing 771
Residence of Frederick Pavey. 44 770
Portrait of Joseph II. Van Cleef.
.. between 776, 777
PAGE
Portrait of I'. N. Beekman .......
.between 776, 777
Edward T. Corwin ...
facing 79-1
Abraham Van Nuys.
79."
l'etor G. Qulek
facing 796
David K. Anten
797
= Jarob Dilts.
798
=
l'eter P. Quick facing
798
John Van Doren. =
Isour V. D. Hall. 800
=
Poter W. Young.
facing
800
F. V. L. Voorhees.
between 800, M11
=
Zarheus Bergen
4
800, 801
.
l'eter C. Van Arsdale,
800, 801
=
A. L. Honghud
800, 801
Peter Q Hoagland
facing 801
Audrew Lane.
801
=
A. V. D. Stnatz
802
FRANKLIN.
Portrait of Benjamin DI. Hageman facing 804
=
Peter A. Yourlives.
811
=
Charles B. Muore.
$12
Peter Stoothoff. .fueing $11
Residener of Stephen Garritson 810
Portrait of Albert V. Garretsun between $21, 825
Stephen Garritson ..
821, 825
44 James S. Garretson ×20
Jacob Wyckoff .. .furing
l'eter Wyckoff. 828
:
Josinh Schanrk. ×28
William II. Gulick.
830
Cornelius Barcalow
.facing
Abraimin J. Suydam
F. V. I .. Nevins, .faring 833
833
John S. Nevius
...
833
MONTGOMERY.
Residenco of David C. Voorhees .facing 837
Heury V. Hongland .. $39
Portrait of John Van Zamlt.
Residenco of James Van Zandt. facing $18
770 Portrait of Abram C. Wikoff. 819
David O. Voorhees .... 850
Peter stry ker Stout.
850
= Lawrence Van Derveor. fucing 850
Ilenry Puryee.
WARREN.
Portrait of Samuel Gidldes ...
facing 856
NORTH PLAINFIELD.
Portrait of Archibaldi Coddington ...
faring 800
Residence of F. V. I .. Novius 44
Jolin Everett.
800, 811
PAGE
M
Squires Punt Andersontown
Sainthany
PU.
flumyen tter
L
E
B
A
N: ORN
CO.
Jundiaí
Men Gardiner
JERSEY
NIEW
M
EX
Spruce
Totaltown
Talley Station
E
BET
Verrymilli
A
T
U
N
1
Upnstuol,
C
N
M
Springy Witts
Sudary Me
Joy : Wasterdam
Mount Pleasant 10.
Pottstown Roy
Ņ
Stanton, XO
Quakerin
Round AM
Cherryvi
Rowland
mmolunuick
F Ook Grove!
FRENCHTOWN
Bary Shrar
Latte Nichisa Furter
Copper Ce
R A
R
A
0
FLEMINGTON
Larisouville
Warford C
G
kind
3. " - Kingwood
Sand Brook
Noshunc
Sont
RA
Watspille
2
Bingos Station
Tunheus
-
R.Aspmgut
E
A WAR E
Ringbes
V OakDale
Y
OUTLINE MAP OF
New Market WEST AMWELL
LAMBERTVILLE
HUNTERDON & SOMERSET
NEW KANNAN
COUNTIES .
NEW JERSEY.
M
Sonth Brof Ramte
REN
Musconetcony
CENTRAL
High Bridge
Vanschtes
P.Q.
R
SCONETONG
CHOLLAND
CLINTON
CENTRAL
U
EAST
0
R.
Prescott Brook
PICKLES
RAN
R
KViness
Z
X Croton
DELAWARK RIFEB
Brook
r
VA
N
wwfbriers
FLEMINGTON
TE A STAMW
Rocklow'n
S
Snyderloiry
E
R
P. O.
ALEXANDRIA
ANTLUK
H BRIDGE
Sokesbury
River
H
North No
H
White Hull
German Malley
PENNSY Z
TUNAVE
d Valley!
EX
R
0
R
C
S
Dueville
Shine Me
Mıştıpunville
FAIRMOUNT P.O.
-
BEDMINSTE
Backing
51c
Ruter Tu
SBURY
S
Mine Brot
Geravy Cross Rouds
O
liberty Corners
Laminylon
N
D
C
verstauty
F
H
Suver
Spoelles Ton
foros
R
I
m
W
A
-
I'muptown.
faith Brunch
Sistanigion
U
GEW
P
PLAINFIELD
Raritan PO S
. R
Isunt.
Bariton Stration
Bhand Brouly
N.
A. A
Santin Branches»
8
R
Buyen field
N
Wesłoń
C
Stonon
Sichiarie Slonan
.TO
2
& SVeshuni'e
.Hadd tohutuı
L
S B OR
G H
×
-
... .
Bring
Brunl
Three Sur Ron P.O.
3
River
Punklin Mark
S
urilorpaint
MON K
G
MER
-
7
YORK
D
Muwey tutry
D
Hockey Hill"
RUN
n11
3
Kingston
1:0.
CO .
R
E
R
R
BR
A
liranel
Korth Branch
CITY OF
C H=B Ofrock
SOMERVILLE
Brooks
fireel_
BANEN
Raritan
BRUNSWICK
Willothne
MOUNT
& PHILADELPHIA
MILESTONE
Millsmme R.
Grlystmin I'll
LAND
Soutalny
Flavionatou
2 - UNIO
N
1 North
liethil
O Tie flere.56
O
N
N
3
Pluckermini 1:00
EL
SOUTH
L
NEW
=
·
HISTORY
OF
HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES,
NEW JERSEY.
CHAPTER I.
DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION OF NEW NETHERLANDS.
Early Navigators-Hendrick Hudson-The "Half-Moon"-The United Now Netherland Company-Colonization by the Dutch and Danes- Mey and Do Vries-Sir Edmund Ployden.
Ir is unnecessary, and wholly beyond the scope of these local annals, to narrate the story, which is famil- iar to every reader of history, of the voyages made by the first and other carly discoverers of the islands and coasts of America-the Northmen, Columbus, Vespucci, and others-down to the time when Henry Iludson entered and explored the noble bay and river which form a part of New Jersey's eastern boundary.
Of that enterprising navigator-Hudson-very little is known, except that he was a native of England, a friend of John Smith, the founder of Virginia ; that in his youth he received a thorough maritime educa- tion and in later years became a distinguished mariner and discoverer. In 1607 the London Company in- trusted him with the command of an expedition com- missioned to discover a shorter passage to China.
The celebrated truce between the Dutch and Span- iards had about this time been completed, and the Dutch, a rising maritime power, became ambitions of conquest in America. Hudson applied to the Dutch East India Company. The directors of the Zealand department opposed the Englishman's proposals, but the Amsterdam Chamber encouraged the enterprise, and furnished for this important voyage a yacht or "Vlie-boat" called "de Halve-Maan,"-" Halt-
Moon." This vessel belonged to the company. She was of eighty tons' burden, and was equipped for the voyage by a crew of twenty sailors, partly Dutch and partly English. The command was intrusted to Hud- son, and a Dutch "underschipper," or mate, was second in command. The " Half-Moon" left Am- sterdam on the 4th day of April, 1609, and on the 6th left the Texel. Hudson doubled the Cape of Norway on the 5th of May, but found the sea so full of ice that he was obliged to change his course. Early in July, after cruising around farther north, Hudson arrived on the banks of Newfoundland, where he was hecalmed long enough to catch more cod than his "small store of salt could cure." He next went west into the Penobscot, where he remained a week cutting timber for a new foremast. He then shaped his course to the southward and entered the Chesa- peake Bay. He soon after anchored in Delaware Bay. Leaving the Delaware, he proceeded along the coast to the northward, following the eastern shore of New Jersey, and finally anchored inside of Sandy Ilook, Sept. 3, 1609.
On the 5th of September (as appears from his jour- During 1607 and 1608 Hudson made two voyages for i nal) Hudson sent his boat ashore for the purpose of this company in search of the " Northwest Passage," after which, the company discontinuing further efforts in that direction, he turned his attention towards Hol- land.
sounding the waters lying to the south, in the vicinity of what is now known as the " Horse-shoe." " Here the boat's crew landed and penetrated some distance into the woods. in the present limits of Monmouth County," of this State. "They were very well received by the natives, who presented them very kindly with what the journal calls ' green tobacco,' and also with 'dried currants' ( probably whortleberries), which were repre- sented as having been found in great plenty and of Very excellent quality.
"On the 6th of September, Hudson sent a boat manned with five hand- to explore what appeared to be the mouth of a river, at the distance of about four
10
HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY.
leagues from the ship. This was, no doubt, the strait between Long and Staten Islands, generally called ' the Narrows.' Here, the writer of the journal ob- serves, 'a good depth of water was found,' and within a large opening, and a narrow river to the west; in which it is evident he refers to what is now called the Kills, or the channel between Bergen Neck and Staten Island. In exploring the bay and the adjacent waters the boat's crew spent the whole day. On their way in returning to the ship, towards night, they were at- tacked by the natives in two canoes. A skirmish en- sued, in which John Colman was killed by an arrow, which struck him in the throat, and two more were wounded. The next day the remains of Colman were interred on a point of land not far from the ship, which from that circumstance received the name of Colman's Point, and which probably was the same that is now called Sandy Hook."
Subsequently, Hudson sailed through the Narrows and up the river which bears his name, exploring it as far as Albany .* Returning, he came out of the river October 4th, and without anchoring in the bay proceeded directly to Europe. He says in his journal :
" The fourth was faire weather, and the wind at north-north-west. We weighed and came out of the River into which we had runne so farre. Within a while after, we came out also of The great mouth of the great River that runneth up to the north west, borrowing vpon the north- ern side of the same, thinking to haue deepe water; for wee had sounded a great way with our boat at our first going in, and found seuen, six, and five fathomes. So we came out that way, but we were deceived, for we had but eight foot and an halfe water; and so to three, five, three, and two fathomes and an halfe. And then three, foure, fiue, sixo, seven, eight, nine, and ten fathomes. And by twelue of the clocke we were cleere of all the inlet. Then we took in our boat, and set our mayne sayle and sprit sayle, and our top sayles, and steered away east-south-east, and south-east by east, off into the mayne sea; and the land on the souther side of the bay or inlet did beare at noone west and by south foure leagues from vs.
"The fifth was faire weather, and the wind variable between the north and the east. Wee held on our course south-east by east. At noone I observed and found our height to be 39 degrees 30 min., our compasse varied sixe degrees to the west.
" We continued our course toward England, without seeing any land by the way, all the rest of this moneth of October. And on the seventh day of Nouember, stilo nouv, being Saturday, by the grace of God, we safely arrived in the Range of Dartmouth, in Devonshire, in the yeere 1609."
This discovery gave the Dutch at once an entrance into the heart of the American continent, where the best furs could be procured without interruption from the French or English, both of which nations claimed this territory. Nor were the Dutch slow in availing themselves of this golden opportunity. "In 1610 it appears that at least one ship was sent hither by the East India Company for the purpose of trading in furs, which it is well known continned for a number of years to be the principal object of commercial at- traction to this part of the New World. Five years after Hudson's voyage a company of merchants, who had procured from the States-General of Ilolland a
patent for an exclusive trade on Hudson's River, had built forts and established trading-posts at New Am- sterdam (New York), Albany, and the mouth of the Rondout Kill. The latter was a small redoubt, on the site of what is now a part of the city of Kingston, N. Y. It was known as the 'Ronduit,' from whence comes the name of Rondout."+ The fort near Albany was upon Castle Island, immediately below the pres- ent city, and the one at New York was erected on what is now the Battery.
On the 11th of October, 1614, the " United Com- pany" of merchants, above referred to, received their special grant. This conferred upon Gerrit Jacob Witsen, former burgomaster of the city of Amster- dam, and his twelve associates, ship-owners and mer- chants of Amsterdam, the exclusive right to "visit and navigate all the lands situate in America be- tween New France and Virginia, the sea-coasts of which lie between the fortieth and forty-fifth degrees of latitude, which are now named New Netherlands, and to navigate, or cause to be navigated, the same for four voyages within the period of three years, to commence from the 1st day of January, 1615, or sooner." Having thus obtained the exclusive right to trade in the new country, they assumed the name and title of "The United New Netherland Company." This company took possession of the Hudson River, then called by them " De Riviere van den Vorst Mau- ritius," and carried forward their enterprise with commendable zeal. The Hollanders were a trading people, and their bartering- or trading-posts were es- tablished at points which were natural outlets for all the trapping regions tributary to the Hudson. This led in a short time to the settlement of those points. Determined upon the settlement of a colony, the States-General in 1621 granted the country to the West India Company ; and in the year 1625, Peter Minuet arrived at " Fort Amsterdam" as the first Gov- ernor or director .;
The first emigrants under Minuet appear to have been from the river Waal, in Guelderland, and, un- der the name of " Waaloons," founded the first per- manent settlement beyond the immediate protection of the cannon of Fort Amsterdam. They settled at Brooklyn, opposite New York, and were the first who professionally pursued agriculture .¿
+ Broadhead's Hist. of New York, vol. i. p. 7.
# list. and Antiq. of the Northern States (Barber), p. 60.
¿ At this period the English government seems to have been indiffer- ent concerning the continued occupation of the Dutch. The only meas- ure adopted to offect their removal was the issuing of a grant, June 21, 1634, to Sir Edmund Ployden for the land they occupied. It couferred upon Sir Edmund the country between Cape May and Long Island Sound, for forty leagues inland. This track was erected into a free county-palatine by the namo of New Albion, and over it, with the title of " Earl Palatine," Ployden was mado governor, he having, as it is statod,-although the fact may woll be doubted,-" amply and copiously peopled the same with five hundred persons." He, however, visited the province, und resided therein seven years, exercising his office as govornor ; but, although he may have assumed, on paper, his rights ns lord of the soil by gruuting to various individuale large tracts of land,
" He explored the river, according to his own account, a distance of fifty-tliree leagues from its mouth.
11
INDIAN OCCUPATION .- THE ORIGINAL PEOPLE.
Meanwhile, a number of Danes or Norwegians, who accompanied the Dutch colonists to New Netherlands, had effected a settlement at Bergen, so called from a city of that name in Norway. This was about the year 1618. In 1623 the West India Company dis- patched a ship loaded with settlers, subsistence, and articles of trade. The vessel was commanded by Cornelius JJacobus Mey. He entered Delaware Bay, and gave his own name to its northern cape, which it still retains,-Cape May. He explored the bay and the river, and at length landed and built a fort upon a stream called by the natives Sassackon (now Timber Creek), which empties into the Delaware below Cam- den. The fortification was called " Fort Nassau," and its erection may be considered as the first attempt to establish a settlement on the eastern shore of the Delaware .*
In the winter of 1630-31, David Pietersen De Vries, in command of a vessel, arrived in the Delaware, but found that Fort Nassau had fallen into the hands of the Indians. He erected a fort, colonized his new settlers, and returned to Holland. During his absence a feud arose with one of the native tribes which terminated in the massacre of all the colonists. De Vries returned soon after with a new company, and, while he mourned the loss of his former com- panions, he narrowly escaped a similar fate. He was saved by the kindness of an Indian woman, who in- formed him that treachery was intended. But, " dis- heartened by repeated disasters, the Dutch soon after abandoned the country, and for some years not a single European was left upon the shores of the Delaware." t
CHAPTER II.
INDIAN OCCUPATION .- THE ORIGINAL PEOPLE.
The Algonquin Nation-The Delawares, or Lenni-Lenape-The "Tur- tle," "Turkey," and " Wolf" tribes-Traditions us to the Origin of the Deluwnres-Mounds and Remains-Indian Title to Lands In Hunter- don and Somorset-Indian Paths, etc.
WHEN the first white explorers penetrated into the valleys of the Delaware and Hudson Rivers they found these, with all the country lying between them, as well as the entire area now comprised in the States of New York and Pennsylvania, peopled by aborig- inal tribes of the Algonquin stock, and embraced in two nations, or groups of nations, called by Eu- ropeans the Iroquois and the Delawares, the former having been so named by the French and the latter
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