USA > New Jersey > Camden County > The history of Camden county, New Jersey > Part 14
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The Jersey commands participating in these marvelous campaigns were all, with one ex- ception, mustered at Trenton into the regular army ; and, therefore, no record was kept of
87
THE WAR WITH MEXICO.
the place of their organization, or of the resi- dence of individual recruits. The rosters presented in the office of the adjutant-general at Trenton merely show names and assign- ments to companies or regiments, rendering it impossible to fix through the rolls the towns and counties that supplied any one body of troops. Circumstances, however, indicate that most of the men who went from Camden County were mustered into the Tenth Regiment United States Infantry.
In addition to the companies thus received into the service by the War Department, a call was made on Governor Charles C. Strat- ton, of New Jersey, on May 23, 1846, for a regiment of volunteer infantry, and in re- sponse to his proclamation a number of com- panies were offered from Newark, Trenton, Burlington and Flemington. Brigadier-Gene- ral Goodwin is stated in Raum's history to have offered the Passaic brigade, and on May 29, 1846, Captain Samuel Colt tendered a battalion.
CAMDEN COUNTY SOLDIERS .- The fol- lowing is a complete record, so far as could be ascertained, of troops from Camden County who served in the Mexican War. They are accredited to Camden County on the original muster-out roll of the company, on file in the office of the adjutant-general in Trenton. They were mustered into the battalion at Fort Hamilton, New York Harbor :
Company A, New Jersey Battalion, was mustered in September 1, 1847, and mus- tered out August 5, 1848.
Captain. Henry A. Naglee. Second Lieutenant. Isaac W. Mickle. Sergeants.
David D. Nichols. John M. Mickle.
Corporal. John Spear.
Drummer. William H. Benckert.
Charles S. Bates.
Charles Bessonett.
Francis S. Bosler.
John McNulty.
John B. Berger.
Joseph M. Myers.
Charles Orhley.
James Canning. Samuel Cleary.
George P. Pettit. Charles H. Potts.
Daniel Carter.
Peter Cunningham.
William W. Reilly.
Thomas Deizley.
Charles F. Rodgers.
James Falan.
Frederick Rothweiler.
Lawrence Garey.
William Shery.
Thomas Gaynor. Barnet Hansel.
Thomas Shimus.
Aaron D. Smallwood.
William S. Heaton.
Charles V. Smith.
William Hera.
Alexander Steward.
Henry W. Howard. Edward Tice.
- Ireland.
Israel Leamer.
Henry Williams. John Winters.
Total : Twocommissioned officers and forty enlisted men. The following served in the Mexican War in Pennsylvania companies and in the navy, but were not accredited to Camden County. They entered the United States service from Camden County, --
Captains.
James McCraken. William Newton.
Lieutenant. James B. Sutherland.
Boatswain's Mate. Ziba Sears. Sergeant.
Aquilla Haines. Corporal. Isaac Toy. Gunner's Mate. Ezra Lukens.
The battalion of New Jersey infantry to which the Camden County company was assigned went out from West Jersey. There were many who entered the marine service, the naval service, the regular army, and others again, who were transferred to the store-ship " Fredonia," the bomb brigs, " Vesuvius " and " Heckla," as also the war steamers " Spitfire " and " Iris," and the sloop-of-war " Falcon." There were thirteen men from Camden and Gloucester Counties on the frigate " Cumberland," under Commodore
Privates.
John W. Lumley. Samuel Lumley.
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HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
Conner, and who were landed below the city of Vera Cruz on the morning of the 9th of March, 1847. They assisted in landing shot and shell, planting batteries and preparing to attack the celebrated castle San Juan de Ulloa. General Scott summoned the city to surrender on the 22d, but receiving a negative answer, the heavy mortars opened fire, which was continued until the 27th, when General Landero, commandant of the city, commenced negotiations for their sur- render. In the mean time the little "Spit- fire," a steamer not larger than one of the small ferry-boats on the Delaware, put out on the guards two men at heaving the lead to find a passage over. the coral reef. One of these was a Jerseyman from Camden County, Boatswain's Mate Ziba Sears, who had distinguished himself in the determined effort to discover a channel or thoroughfare over this reef, which extends for three miles around and beyond the castle and early on the 27th did succeed in find- ing a crossing-place. At once the "Spit- fire " advanced boldly up under the walls of the San Juan, the guns of which were mounted en barbette and could not be de- pressed sufficiently to do any material dam- age to the steamer. The "Spitfire " ran right under the guns of the castle, and tossed red-hot shot into it and set the buildings on fire and compelled the surrender of the castle. When Vera Cruz and the castle surrendered, the detachment of Major John Reynolds, to which the Camden Company was attached, at once captured Alvarado and Hocatalpam, nincty miles below Vera Cruz. Major Reynolds was enthusiastic in his praises of the soldierly bearing of the Jersey troops. James M. Sutherland, of Wood- bury, a first lieutenant in this detachment, was the first to mount the scaling ladders at Chapultepec and planted the Stars and Stripes upon the walls of the city. On the 19th of April, 1847, these same troops attacked and took possession of Perote and throughout the
entire war took an active part. On the 8th of May, 1848, peace was declared between the United States and Mexico, and at this time the great insurrection was in progress in the peninsula of Yucatan, and the cities on the Gulf coast were in danger and applied to the United States for protection. Our government nobly responded and called for volunteers from among those who were prepar- ing to return home after a grand and glorious conquest. Some of the naval squadron and marines and five hundred of the troops, among whom were some of the Camden company, were at once forwarded to Laguna, Sisal and Campeche. The flint-lock mus- kets and ammunition were turned over to the authorities of the cities, the insurgents were routed, and in November, 1848, six montlis after the term of service of these troops in the Mexican War had expired, they returned home via Norfolk, being dis- charged from the different vessels of the squadron.
Captain C. N. Pelouze, of 604 South Fifth Street, Camden, is one of the survivors of the Mexican War. Elisha N. Luckett was a second lieutenant in the Second Pennsylvania Regiment in the Mexican War. He now resides in Camden. Joseph Camp, residing three miles south of Camden, is also a survivor of the Mexican War.
'CAPTAIN FRANK H. COLES, whose ser- vices in the preparation of the military chapters and other parts in this work were of great value, entered the marine service in the Mexican War in 1847, assigned to the frigate " Cumberland " mentioned above, and afterward to the United States steamer " Iris," participated in the capture of Vera Cruz, Alvarado and Hocatalpam, and was one of the volunteers to Yucatan.
Captain Coles was born at Woodbury, Sep- tember 28, 1827, and is of Swedish descent, his great-grandfather, Job Coles, having emi- grated from Sweden nearly two centuries ago. His father, Samuel Coles, was an ensign
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THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
in the War of 1812. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Captain Coles, between the 12th and 16th of April, 1861, materially assisted in raising the first company that went out from Gloucester County, of which he became first lieutenant. He afterwards entered the three years' service as first sergeant in Third Regiment of General Kearny's brigade ; was promoted to second lieutenant of Com- pany G May 29, 1862; promoted to first lieutenant March 24, 1863. After being wounded on June 27, 1863, at Gaines' Mills, he was transferred, December 18, 1863, to the Veteran Reserve Corps as captain, com- manding Fifty-first and Fifty-second Com- panies, Second Battalion, Veteran Reserve Corps. He remained in the service until June 29, 1865.
Captain Coles was married, in December, 1849, to Anna Elizabeth Harker, daughter of Joseph Harker, of Swedesboro' and eldest sister of. Brigadier-General Charles G. Harker, a graduate of West Point Military Academy, who was killed at Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, at the age of twenty-seven years.
CAPTAIN WILLIAM STILLINGS, now residing in Gloucester City, was born in 1814, son of Jacob Stillings, a soldier of the Revolution. He was a soldier in the Seminole War in Florida, the Mexican War and the War for the Union. In 1838 he enlisted in the regular army and served in Florida under . General Zachary Taylor. He was under General Scott when the Cherokee Indians were removed west of the Mississippi to Indian Territory. In 1846, with his command, he was sent to Mexico, placed under General Scott, and participated in the memorable battles on the triumphant march to the City of Mexico. In 1854 he retired from the army and returned to Gloucester. In 1861 he was mustered into the service as a first lieutenant of Company K, Fourth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, and at the expiration of his term of three months
became a first lieutenant in the three years' service. He was in the battles of West Point and Fair Oaks and at Gaines' Mills was captured by the enemy, placed in Libby Prison forty-six days and then paroled. He joined his command, was promoted to cap- tain, took part in the second battle of Bull Run and the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. After recovering from a wound received in battle he entered the navy as engineer and continued in that service until 1867.
CHAPTER X.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
IF a definite date is sought for the begin- ning of the slavery agitation out of which proceeded the War for the Union, it may be placed in the year 1820, when Mis- souri was admitted into the Union-not but that the question had previously shown itself to be a disturbing and threatening element, but because at that time there was presented for solution, the momentous problem whether the vast territory which had been acquired by the Louisiana purchase should be thrown open to the slave power of the South. The. people of the free States-or at least an overwhelming majority of them-were de- termined that this more than imperial domain should not be used for the extension of sla- very, while those in favor of it were equally resolute in the maintenance of their theory that the slave-holder should be at liberty to locate in any of the newly-formed Territories with their human chattels, and, if they pos- sessed the voting majority, to establish sla- very by the Constitution of any State created from the Territories. It is not required that we should here refer to the several compro- mise measures passed by Congress defining lines stretching from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, the soil north of which
12
90
HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
should be forbidden to the slave-master and that south of it preserved to him forever. All such efforts to accomplish the impossible task of reconciling under one government two widely repellent industrial, political and social systems proved failures before they were wiped out by the decision of the Su- preme Court in the Dred Scott case.
Interwoven with this phase of the irre- pressible conflict was the doctrine of States' rights upheld by the Southern leaders and insisted upon as the most efficacious of the instruments for the extension and perpetuity of slavery. It had been discussed with ex- treme vigor in the convention which framed the Constitution of the nation, and even the victory therein of the Federalists over the opposition had not laid it to rest or prevented it from becoming a crucial issue in subse- quent politics. It had been the justifica- tion for South Carolina in 1832, when, under the guidance of John C. Calhoun, that State endeavored to nullify the tariff legislation of Congress, and from it the Southern states- men derived the alleged right of secession, in consequence of the election of Abraham Lincoln to the chief magistracy as the can- didate of a party which declared opposition to the extension of slavery to be its reason for existence.
The opening of the War for the Union found New Jersey illy prepared to play her part on the field of battle. Devoted to the Constitution which the Legislature had unan- imously ratified in December, 1787, this State was ready to exert her influence to peacefully adjudicate the questions pregnant with national disruption. New Jersey had given four of her electoral votes to Abrahamı Lincoln and a coalition of the Democratic factions had cast the other three for Stephen A. Douglas. On January 29, 1861, the Legislature passed resolutions indorsing Sen- ator Crittenden's compromise plan, or any other constitutional method that might per- manently settle the question of slavery. The
conservative temper of that body decided " that the government of the United States is a national government, and the union it was designed to perfect is not a mere com- pact or league; that the Constitution was adopted in a spirit of mutual compromise and concession by the people of the United States and can only be preserved by the constant recognition of that spirit." The Personal Liberty statutes which some of the States had adopted as an offset to the Fugitive Slave Law, were aimed at in a resolution urging States "that have obnox- ious laws in force which interfere with the constitutional rights of the citizens of other States, either in regard to their persons or property, to repeal the same." Another res- olution proposed the calling of a convention of all the States to suggest amendments to the National Constitution that would avert disunion ; and finally, Charles S. Olden, Peter D. Vroom, Robert F. Stockton, Ben- jamin Williamson, Frederick T. Freling- huysen, Rodman M. Price, William C. Alex- ander and Thomas J. Stryker were appointed a committee to confer with Congress and similar delegates from other common- wealths upon enforcing the plan outlined in these resolutions. They took part in the Peace Conference held at Washington, Feb- ruary 4, 1861, at which twenty-one States were represented and which submitted sev- eral constitutional amendments to Congress, but their well-meant efforts were of noavail, for Congress gave little heed to their recom- mendations, and on the same day the Confed- erate government was organized at Mont- gomery, Alabama.
President Lincoln's proclamation calling out seventy-five thousand troops for the three months' service was issued April 15th, two days after the fall of Fort Sumter. New Jersey had no military establishment com- petent to furnish at a moment's notice the four regiments of seven hundred and eighty men each, the quota assigned to her.
91
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
In the language of John Y. Foster, author of "New Jersey and the Rebellion," her militia system "was one of shreds and patches, without organic unity, and almost entirely worthless as a means of defence, or even as a nucleus for a more perfect organi- zation." But she had in Governor Charles S. Olden an executive whose quickness of thought and action went far to make up for these deficiencies. He received the requisi- tion from the national government on April 17th, and instantly issued a proclamation directing all individuals or organizations willing to volunteer to report themselves within twenty days, various banks through- out the State having already placed at his disposal four hundred and fifty-one thousand dollars to provide for the equipment and arming of the troops. At the same time orders were issued to the four generals of divisions to detail each one regiment of ten companies, and at once proceed to the organi- zation of the reserve militia. Under the orders volunteers were to be accepted for three months' service ; but if a sufficient num- ber of these did not enlist, the deficiency was to be made up by a draft from the militia. Ardent loyalists, however, came forward in such numbers that within a few days over one hundred companies, equal to ten thousand men, had offered to go to the front. The Camden correspondent of the Philadelphia Public Ledger states that on the evening of April 13th the Stockton Cadets, a Cam- den militia company, held a meeting at their armory and passed resolutions expressing their loyalty and declaring it to be the duty of all connected with the militia to enroll themselves for the defence of the Stars and Stripes, whereupon all present, twenty-three in number, enlisted. Arrangements were made for having the armory open nightly for the enlistment of recruits between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years, with a view of tendering the services of the command to the government.
THE FIRST WAR MEETING IN CAMDEN. -On the 16th of April, 1861, three days after the Confederates fired upon Fort Sum- ter, at the entrance of Charleston Harbor, a large number of loyal and patriotic citizens of Camden City and County issued the fol- lowing vigorous and spirited response to the President's proclamation :
" To the President of the United States :
"The unparalleled events of the last week have revealed to the citizens of the United States, be- yond question or the possibility of a doubt, that peaceful reconciliation upon the form of our Con- stitution is repelled and scorned, and secession means, in the hearts of its supporters, both Trea- son and war against our Country and Nation.
" We, therefore, the undersigned Loyal Citizens of the United States, and inhabitants of the city of Camden, in the State of New Jersey, responding to the proclamation of the President of the United States, hereby declare our unalterable determina- tion to sustain the government in its efforts to maintain the honor, the integrity and the exist- ence of our National Union and the perpetuity of the popular Government, and to redress the wrongs already long enough endured ; no differences of political opinion; no badge of diversity upon points of party distinction, shall restrain or with- hold ns in the devotion of all we have or can com- mand to the vindication of the Constitution, the maintenance of the laws and the defence of the Flag of our Country.
" I. S. Mulford. Samuel S. E. Coperth wait.
E. R. Johnson. James M. Scovel.
Louis L. Scovel. S. C. Harbert. John S. Read.
B. M. Braker.
D. H. Erdman.
Joseph C. Nichols.
Elwood C. Fortiner. Joseph Vautier.
Edmund Brewer.
Thomas M. Barracliff.
Uriah Norcross. Isaac L. Lowe.
W. H. Saunders. Jacob Harman, Jr.
Henry B. Goodwin.
Richard W. Test.
James M. Cassady.
William W. Sloan.
Charles Cloud.
A. W. Test.
C. A. S. Driesback. Henry Schock.
Richard H. Lee.
C. G. Zimmerman.
Thomas M. K. Lee, Jr. Charles J. Sanders.
Adam Angel.
George W. Vanhorn.
Charles S. Garrett.
Charles K. Horsfall.
Timothy Middleton.
John Duprey. Jesse Pratt. Hamilton Johnston.
Charles P. Dickinson.
Walter Patton.
Azael Roberts.
Thomas Jeffries.
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HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
C. Gilbert Hannah.
Joshua Howell.
John T. F. Peak.
Martin Grey.
S. L. Wayne.
Abner Sparks.
Van T. Shivers. Westcott Campbell. William J. Taylor.
Isaiah Norcross. Alden C. Scovel. Philip J. Gray.
George W. Gilbert.
Charles D. Hineline.
Edw. H. Saunders.
Thomas H. Davis.
James C. Morgan.
Charles De Haven.
David H. Sheppard. Richard Fetters. Charles C. Reeves.
Thomas Ackley. John Gill.
S. H. Grey.
James M. Stevens.
Joseph French.
S. C. Wright.
George Campbell.
Joseph Dlinston.
A. A. Merry. E. Wells.
David Creary.
John R. Barber.
William D. Clark.
James H. Denny.
William B. Hatch.
William R. Maxwell.
E. C. Jackson.
Robert Wible.
A. B. Martin.
Richard O. Robertson.
Timothy C. Moore.
George W. Stanley.
Joseph D. Brown.
Robert Schall.
William S. Scull.
Reynell Coates.
Daniel Witham.
Aaron Hewit.
Isaac Shreeve.
Henry Shuster.
Adam Hare.
William Hartsgrove.
George Wardell.
William B. French,
Joseph Coffman.
W. A. Winchester.
George W. Conrow.
John M. Natty."
In response to a call, on the 18th of April an enthusiastic meeting was held in the county court-house, which was formed of a large collection of prominent citizens. The court-room was decorated with flags and mottoes. John W. Mickle was chosen president and Samuel C. Harbert and Thomas G. Rowand secretaries. . The presi- dent addressed the meeting first and Rev. Mr. Monroe offered a prayer. Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter, Thomas B. Atkinson (mayor) and Joseph Painter were appointed a com- mittee on resolutions. Judge Philip J. Grey addressed the meeting, after which the com- mittee adopted a long series of patriotic res-
olutions. The Washington Grays, Stockton Cadets and the Zouaves marched into the room and were received with cheers, Samuel Hufty read a resolution which was signed by many persons, who immediately formed the Home Brigade. David M. Chambers, Cap- tain Stafford, Benjamin M. Braker, John H. Jones and E. A. Acton each addressed the meeting. James M. Scovel was then called upon and responded in eloquent terms and with patriotic energy. S. H. Grey offered a resolution, which was adopted, that the City Council and the Freeholders of the county be requested to appropriate money for the equip- ment of persons who may volunteer in de- fense of the country, and S. H. Grey, James M. Cassady and Joseph Painter were ap- pointed a committee to look after the interests of the resolution. The meeting continued in session until eleven P.M.
On the 22d of April Samuel H. Grey made an address before the Board of Free- holders in a patriotic appeal, soliciting the board to make appropriations for the relief of families of volunteer soldiers. John S. Read offered a resolution favoring the ap- propriation of five thousand dollars, which was unanimously adopted. On the evening of the 25th the City Council voted four hundred dollars for the same purpose. On the same evening the First Methodist Epis- copal Church of Camden collected one hun- dred and fifty dollars and purchased five hundred Bibles for the volunteer soldiers of Camden County.
The State Bank of Camden loaned twenty- five thousand dollars and the Farmers and Mechanics Bank ten thousand dollars to the Governor of New Jersey to aid in the prose- cution of the war. In July, 1861, the County Bible Society sent large installments of Bibles to the Camden County soldiers at Trenton.
On April 16th the Washington Grays, of Camden, held a meeting and resolved to open the armory for recruits. By Saturday, April
Samuel C. Cooper. J. C. De Lacour. Edward T. Andrews. Conclin Mayhey. William Reynolds. Simon Rammel. H. H. Goldsmith. John Horsfall.
Thomas H. Dudley. Robert Folwell.
James B. Dayton.
N. B. Stokes.
Hamilton William, George W. Jackson. Joseph Maurer.
93
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
20th, these two companies, the Camden Zouaves and the Union Guards were reported ready for service and the Camden Light Ar- tillery organizing. On the 25th the same correspondent wrote that the following com- panies had taken their departure from Cam- den for Trenton :
Washington Grays, Captain E. Price Hunt. Camden Light Artillery, Captain I. W. Mickle. Stockton Cadets, Captain E. G. Jackson. Camden Zouaves, Captain John R. Cunningham.
And the following from Gloucester City :
Union Guards, Captain Joseph B. Strafford. Anderson Guards, Captain John P. Van Leer.
It was the boast of the Gloucester people that Union township, which had but four hundred voters, sent at this time one hundred and ninety-eight good men to do duty for the cause.
Foster's history asserts that on April 18tb, Captain John R. Cunningham tendered the Camden Zouaves, a well-drilled and uni- formed company, to the Governor.1 This or- ganization had been formed under the militia law in the preceding year, when the tour of the principal cities made by Ellsworth's Chicago Zouaves inspired thousands of young men to join companies patterned upon that famous model. It was mustered into the Fourth Regiment, on April 25th, as Company G, under command of Captain Cunningham, First Lieutenant Louis M. Morris and En- sign Joseph L. De La Cour.
The other five companies from Camden County were placed in the same regiment. Captain Hunt's company became Company
F; Captain Van Leer's, Company H; Cap- tain Jackson's, Company C; Captain Straf- ford's, Company D; and Captain Mickle's, Company E. The two first were mustered on April 25th and the three last on April 27th.
Among the individual offers was that of William B. Hatch, of Camden, who had served in 1859 and 1860 in the cavalry of the Russian army ; he was commissioned as adjutant of the Fourth Regiment in the ninety days' service, and subsequently made major of the Fourth (three years') Regiment. Mrs. Hettie K. Painter, of Camden, volun- teered as a nurse, and became known to thousands of sick and wounded men for her gentle and efficient ministrations in the hos- pitals of the Army of the Potomac.
On the last day of April the quota of the State was complete, and it was mustered at Trenton as a brigade of four regiments, under command of General Theodore Run- yon, the present chancellor of New Jersey. The next day the Governor sent a special messenger to General B. F. Butler, com- manding at Annapolis, Md., requesting him to prepare to receive the brigade, which was to be sent through the canal route in conse- quence of the destruction of the railroad bridges near Baltimore by the Secessionists of Maryland. The men were embarked at Trenton on May 3d, on a fleet of fourteen propellers, and proceeded down the Delaware River and through the Delaware and Chesa- peake Canal to Annapolis, which they reached on the night of the 4th.2 General
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