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About the year 1793 John Rudderow es- tablished a burial-place on his own land and near his house in Stockton (then Waterford) township, and where the Church road comes into the Camden and Moorestown turnpike, at Merchantville. The interments were con- fined strictly to his own family, but after his death no more burials were made there. Within a few years all the graves were opened and the bodies removed to the old Rudderow lot at Colestown. Since then the land has been used for agricultural purposes, and, in the extension of the thrifty town of Merchantville, will soon be built upon and lost sight of.
HISTORY
OF THE
CITIES, BOROUGHS AND TOWNSHIPS IN CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
A GLIMPSE OF CAMDEN'S WATER FRONT.
BEL
SOME NOTAY
THE CITY OF CAMDEN.
CHAPTER I.
EARLY HISTORY OF THE CITY OF CAMDEN.
Introduction-Early Settlements and Subsequent Transfers of Land on the Site of Camden-Early Settlements and Transfers of Land on the Site of South Camden - First Town Plan of Camden - Coopers Hill-The Kaighn Estate - Fettersville -Stockton - Kaighneville.
INTRODUCTION .- A little more than two centu- ries ago the fertile lands now covered by the beau- tiful and prosperous city of Camden were first permanently occupied by white settlers. During the century succeeding this event, New Jersey, as well as all the other American colonies, was under the control of the English government. About the time the great struggle between the colonies and their mother country began, an enterprising and progressive descendant of one of the first settlers conceived the idea of planning a town on the east bank of the Delaware, opposite what was then the largest city on the American continent, and now its greatest manufacturing centre. Im- bued with the same patriotic spirit as his friends and associates, he named his new town Camden, in honor of Charles Pratt, Earl of Camden, a dis- tinguished lawyer and statesman, Lord Chancellor of England in 1766, and President of the Council in 1782. The Earl of Camden was the firm and liberal friend of the American colonies during the whole period of their struggle for independence. He boldly opposed the policy of the King and his ministers, and openly expressed his sympathy for the Americans.
The growth of Camden during the first eighty years of its history was slow but sure, like that of the century plant. It existed for a long period as a small collection of houses near the ferries, toward which most of the travel of West Jersey was then directed on its way to the city of Philadelphia.
During the last decade the manufacturing and business interests of Camden have very largely increased and developed. Many new industries have lately been established, until now the full force of its life is plainly observable to many of the older inhabitants, who remember Camden as a small village.
Could the first settlers upon the site of the city now look upon the industry and energy that have asserted their power in the rumble of ponderous machinery, the whistle of the high-spirited iron horse, the hum and whir of revolving wheels, the stately magnificence of some of the public institu- tions, the comfortable homes and beautiful streets and the improvement in the modes of life and liv- ing, they would feel gratified that their children's grandchildren and those cotemporary with them are so bountifully favored in this land of freedom and independence, of which they were the hardy pioneers.
The census table below was prepared from offi- cial reports, and will enable the reader to observe the changes in the population of the city of Cam- den at the dates given. The increase during the last decade has been truly wonderful. With the healthful situation, beautiful surroundings, prox- imity to Philadelphia, rapid development of the manufacturing interests, well-managed ferries, ex- cellent schools, fine churches, an enterprising press, and intelligent and cultured society, Camden gives promise, within the next half century, to many times double its present population, and hold high rank among the leading cities of the Union.
1828
1,143
1860
.14,368
1830.
1,987
1865
.18,315
1833
2,241
1870 20,045
1840.
3,360
1875
.33,852
1850.
9,118
1880
41,159
1855
11,217
1885 52,884
403
404
HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
CITY OF CAMDEN BY WARDS
-
1850
1855
1860
1865
1870
North Ward.
2520
2462
4141
5396
6666
Middle Ward.
2856
4266
5051
5545
6684
South Ward
4242
4489
5176
7372
6695
Total
9618, 11,217 14,368 18,313 20,045
1875
1880
1885
First Ward.
5932
6362
7031
Second Ward
3946
6060
8007
Third Ward
3031
3952
4800
Fourth Ward.
5261
6935
9464
Fifth Ward.
5267
6018
6866
Sixth Ward
3480
3720
4198
Seventh Ward
3760
4426
5805
Eighth Ward
3175
4186
6713
Total.
33,852
41,659 52,884
THE EARLY SETTLEMENTS AND TRANSFERS OF LAND ON THE SITE OF NORTH CAMDEN .- The first known settlements on the Delaware River within the limits of Camden were made by Rich- ard Arnold and William Cooper, before the land they located had been surveyed to them and be- fore the Dublin colony, composed mostly of Eng- lish Friends who had fled from England to Dub- lin to avoid persecution, had located inland from the river, between Newton and Coopers Creeks. It would appear from the order given below that the number of Friends living along the river was sufficient to warrant the yearly meeting held at Thomas Gardiner's house, in Burlington, the 5th of Seventh Month (September), 1681, to grant per- mission, as follows :
"Ordered that Friends of Pyne Point have a meeting on every Fourth day, and to begin at the Second hour, at Richard Arnold's House." The Richard Arnold here mentioned lived on the river- bank, a short distance above the mouth of Newton Creek, although he did not receive title until March 1, 1702, when two hundred acres were sur- veyed to him. His house is marked on the map made by Thomas Sharp in 1700. He sold this building the same year to Martin Jarvis, who had purchased the year previous two hundred and twenty-two acres of the adjoining land bounding on Coopers Creek. The name of Arnold disappears from this time in the history of the territory now Camden County.
The next resident on the site of Camden, so far as known, was William Cooper. He was born in England in 1632, and for many years prior to his emigration had resided at Coleshill, in the parish of Amersham, county of Hertford, where, early in the history of the Society of Friends, he became a
convinced member of that religious body. He is styled in various deeds and in his will as " Yeo- man." Upperside Monthly Meeting, to which he belonged, contained within its limits the home of William Penn, whose projects for a settlement on the Delaware thus became well known to its mem- bers, and William Cooper, attracted by the pros- pects, and wearied by religious persecution at home, concluded to emigrate thither in the early part of 1679, with his wife, Margaret, and five chil- dren. He brought with him a certificate from Up- perside Monthly Meeting, setting forth "that the said William Cooper and Margaret, his wife, hav- ing lived in these parts for many years, ever since the first of their convincement, have walked con- scientiously and honorably amongst us, agreeably to the profession and testimony of truth, according to the best of our observation and knowledge of them."
He arrived at Burlington in the spring or sum- mer of 1679, and soon after located fifty acres of land within the town limits, and had the same surveyed and returned to himself by deed dated October 5, 1680. On this land he built his first home and temporarily settled his family. During the same year, no doubt conversant with the pro- ject of planting a city near Shackamaxon (now Kensington, Philadelphia), he located a tract of three hundred acres immediately opposite, at the junction of the Delaware with Aroches Creek, which now bears his name, and obtained a certi- ficate for the same from the commissioners June 12, 1682. He built his second house and estab- lished his family on a high bank above Coopers Point, called by him Pyne Point, from a dense pine forest which then grew there. This site is now washed away and is near where Fifth Street touches the river. "The remains of this house," says Mickle, writing in 1844, "were visible a few years ago." It was built, according to reliable family tradition, of brown sand-stone, which, no doubt, was quarried at Pea Shore, north of the creek. It had a stone portico, and a door opened out from the second story hall to the roof of the portico. Benjamin Franklin, who was a guest there nearly a century after it was built, styles it " a large house." His son Joseph, a few years later, built a house a short distance east of his father's, on the bluff near the creek, and that, too, has dis- appeared.
On his arrival the place he selected was occupied by a small band of friendly Indians, under a chief named Arasapha. The title to the land on the Delaware between Oldmans Creek and Rancocas Creek had been purchased of the Indians in 1677,
405
THE CITY OF CAMDEN.
but William Cooper extinguished what rights they still might possess at Pyne Point by a conveyance from the chief Arasapha. This deed was a few years ago in the possession of Joseph W. Cooper, but is now unfortunately lost. Intercourse be- tween Shackamaxon, wheret he pioneers of Penn's colouy, under Fairman, the surveyor, and Mark- ham, the deputy-governor, and Pyne Point had long been established by canoe ferry between the Indian settlements at those places, and the settlers on both sides of the river could therefore well meet together for religious worship.
At a Yearly Meeting of Friends held at Salem, Second Month 11, 1682, for both Jersies and Penn- sylvania, it was therefore ordered "that the Friends at (Pyne Point) and those at Shakomaxin do meet together once a month on the 2ª and 4th day in every month, the first meeting to be held at Wil- liam Cooper's, at Pyne Point, the 2ª and 4th day of the 3ª month next, and the next meeting to be at Thomas Fairman's, at Shakomaxin, and so in course." This meeting was alternately held at Cooper's house until the arrival of Penn, when it was removed to Philadelphia. There was also a gathering for worship at the house of Mark New- bie, on Newton Creek, of which Thomas Sharp, in his narrative of the establishment of the Newton Meeting, says : "Immediately there was a meeting sett up and kept at the house of Mark Newbie, and in a short time it grew and increased, unto which William Cooper and family, that live at the Point, resorted, and sometimes the meeting was kept at his house, who had been settled sometime before." When the meeting-house was built, in 1684, at Newton, William Cooper was appointed one of the trustees, and they continued the trust to Joseph Cooper, his son, and others in 1708. It was built on the land of Thomas Thackara, be- tween the houses of Zane and Thackara, and stood until destroyed by fire, December 22, 1817.
William Cooper was present at the treaty of Penn with the Indians in 1682 at Shackamaxon, opposite his house. He was chosen one of the members of Assembly from the Third or Irish Tenth in 1682-83 and also in 1685. In 1687 he was appointed by the Assembly of the province one of the Council of Proprietors. He was a com- mission er for the division of lands, and in an indi- vidual capacity, also acted as attorney for many Friends in England and Ireland in the purchase and location of land. In 1694 he was appointed judge of the County Court of Gloucester and con- tinued in that capacity several years. His position among Friends is set forth in the testimony issued by the meeting after his death as " having been
raised to his gift of exhortation in Hartfordshire, England, and lived here in Godly conversation, exercising his gift in the meeting at Newton, whereunto he belonged, to the benefit of God's people until it pleased God to remove him. As he lived so he died in unity with Friends and in full assurance of his eternal well-being." In 1685 he had located four hundred and twenty-nine acres of land on the north side of Coopers Creek, in Water- ford (now Delaware) township, where he erected a house and out-buildings and having removed thither about 1708, died there on the 11th day of First Month (March) 1710. His will bears date March 7, 1709, and was probated March 20, 1710, twenty- one days later (the first of the year at that time be- ginning March 25th). The history of the early settlement of Camden is so interwoven with the acquisition and transfer of land within its limits, largely made by William Cooper and his descend- ants, that a skeleton genealogical chart of the first four generations is given on page 406 to elucidate the descriptions in this article.
The land on which Camden is situated was origi- nally surveyed in several large tracts, as follows- (given in order as they lie contiguous on the river and creek-fronts). The tract of three hundred acres for which William Cooper obtained title on the 12th Juue, 1682, was situated on the Delaware and Coopers Creek, and includes what has since been distinctively known as " Coopers Point." Next be- low on the Delaware was a tract of four hundred and fifty acres which extended eastward to Coopers Creek and had been surveyed, September 20, 1681, to William Roydon, "a citizen and grocer of Lon- don," who came to this country some time after the London and Yorkshire commissioners, and upon this land the original town of Camden was subse- quently laid out.
William Cooper's tract had not then been sur- veyed, but application therefor had doubtless heen made, for when the lines of his survey were fixed, June 12, 1682, he made complaint that Roydon's survey extended upon his land. This was probably when Roydon was absent in England, as he visited there several times within a few years, and upon his return refused to accept any change.
On June 26, 1688, Roydon sold three hundred acres of his survey to Zachariah Whitpaine, it being on the north side, and the north line he made to conform to his original survey. Whitpaine gave a mortgage for the original purchase money, and as he did not meet his payments it was for- feited to Roydon, who, April 1, 1692, sold the same to John Tysack, who sold it, December 25, 1697, to Anna Nore, whose heirs, January 24, 1720, con-
48
WILLIAM COOPER,
MARGARET.
Born 1632. Came from Coleshill, England, to Burlington, 1678 ; to Pyne Point, 1679. Died at Cooper's Town, March 11, 1710. Will dated March 1; proved March 28, 1710.
His wife Margaret, deceased before him, probably in 1694. A daughter Mar- garet was born in West Jersey, who died, before her parents, unmarried.
IV.
V.
WILLIAM,
HANNAH,
JOSEPH,
Lydia Riggs, died 1736.
JAMES,
Abigail Wood,
DANIEL,
Sarah Spicer,
Of Salem ; born 1660, died Born 1662 ; married John Of Newton ; born 1666, 1691; married Mary Bradway, and had (1) Jobn, married Anne Clarke, (2) Hannah (Mickle) and (3) Mary (Thackara).
Born 1670; died before Born 1672 ; married 1693 ; bis father, unmarried. He is not mentioned in died 1694; had one child. his father's will, nor is his name found in any public or private docu- ment.
Of Newton; born 1673, died intestate in year 1715.
Born 1677; his second wife. Iu 1716 che in- termarried with Fran- cis Richardson ; bad two sons by first husband, Cooper.
1. 2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. 10.
1
(1)'Elizabeth,
(3) Joseph,
(4) Hannah,
(5) Benjamin, (6) Sarah,
(7) Isaac,
(1) William,
(2) Samuel,
Married Samuel Mickle, Styled Junior, of Newton, Married Alexander Mor- and died without issue.
gan and bad eeven chil- dren :
(2) Lydia,
Married John Cox, and died without iseue.
born 1691, died 1749; married Mary Hudson, and had one child, Mary, who married Jacob Howell, Jr., and left three daughters, Lydia ( Wharton), Han- nah (unmarried) and Mary (Swett). By a second wife, Hannah Dent, there was no issne.
(a) Joseph. (b) Benjamin. (c) Isaac.
Of Newton ; born -, Married Joshua Rapier, Of Newton ; born -, died 1772 ; by first wife, and had eiglit children : Rachael Mickle, had two dangbters : (a) Thomas. b) Lydia. Rachel (Wood) and (b) Lydia (Wood). (d) Abigail. (e) Sarah (Smith). (c) Mary (Hoskins). f) Joshua. By a second wife, Hannah, there was no issue.
g) Caleb. (h) Thomas.
died 1767 ; married Han- nah Coates, and had five children : (a) Lydia (Noble). (b) Mary (West). (c) Marmaduke. (d) Hannah ( West). e) Elizabeth (Jones).
Of Philadelphia ; born 1694, died 1767, only eon and heir ; married first, Deborah Medcalf, and had five children : (a) Daniel. (b) Jacob. (c) Abigail (Fisher). (d) Deborah (Lippin- cott). (e) Mary (Lynn). By second wife, Mary Rawle, he had (f ) Re- becca, who died unmar- ried.
Of Philadelphia; horn 1700, died 1732; had wife, Mary, and five childreu :
(a) Sarah (Hugg). (b) Abigail (Kaighn). (c) William'S. (d) Samuel. (e) Hannah,
(d) Mary (Hollings- head). (e) Elizabeth (Miller) (f) Lydia (Beeks). (g) Sarah (Burrongh)
By third wife, Eliza- beth Cole, he had seven children : (a) Joseph, (b) Benjamin, (c) James, (d) Samuel, (e) Willianı, (f) Isaac and (g) Eliza- betlı (Budd).
(3) Daniel,
Born about 1707; wae eecond eon by Sarah Spicer ; he had a wife, Eether, and removed from the county.
11I.
I.
II.
Woolstone, Sr., of Bur- lington, and had (1) Jonathan, (2) Hannah, (3) Samuel, (4) Mary, (5) Sarah, (6) Rebecca and (7) Elizabeth. In 1705 she married John Surket.
married 1688, died 1731, leaving will dated Oc- tober 2, 1728 ; had seven children.
407
THE CITY OF CAMDEN.
veyed to Jonathan Dickinson. He died in 1722, and it passed to his son, Jonathan Dickinson, who January 17, 1723, sold it to William Cooper, son of Daniel and grandson of William, to whom had descended his grandfather's title to the adjoining land and thus ended the dispute on the boundary between the Roydon and Cooper surveys.
On November 9, 1681, Roydon sold fifty acres of his tract, on the lower side reaching to the river, to Richard Watt. The north line of this fifty acres afterward became the boundary line of the Cooper and Kaighn estates, and is now known as Line Street in the city of 'Camden. On the 1st day of First Month, 1688, Roydon was granted a license to keep a ferry from Philadelphia to the Jersey shore, where he had built a house, it having been "judged that William Roydon's house was convenient and ye said William Roydon a person suitable for that employ." After his sale of land to Tysack, in 1692, he returned to England and died there the same year.
Lying between the larger tracts of Cooper and Roydon was a small wedge-shaped piece of land of twenty-eight acres, with its base resting on the Delaware, which was surveyed to John White, November, 1683. On the south of the Roydon purchase, and lying on the river, was a large tract of five hundred acres which was located by Wil- liam Cooper as the attorney for Samuel Norris, to whom it was surveyed in May, 1685, and extended southward along the river and then from the river- front eastward to Little Newton Creek, or Kaighn's Run, with its northeast angle nearly touching Coopers Creek.
Next below the Norris tract was one hundred acres of meadow land, on both sides of Kaighn's Run, which was located March 9, 1681, by the Dublin emigrants who settled at Newton. East of Kaighn's Run, and reaching down to the river, on the south side of the Newton meadow land, was lo- cated five hundred acres, by Robert Turner, May, 1685. Next below was the two hundred acre tract of Richard Arnold, before mentioned, on which he lived, probably as early as 1680. The next survey on the river, and extending up Newton Creek to the mouth of its north branch and along that branch, contained two hundred and twenty acres, and was also made by Robert Turner, Twelfth Month 27, 1687. Farther up the north branch of Newton Creek, and east of the Turner survey, was a tract of three hundred and fifty acres, surveyed, March 6, 1682, to Mark Newbie, a part of which is now in the east part of the city limits. North and east of the Newbie, Turner and Norris tracts, and bor- dering on Coopers Creek, lay a tract of five hun-
dred acres which was surveyed to Robert Turner in July, 1683.
Of those who, as above stated, originally located the land, William Cooper was the only one who made substantial improvements, and with his family settled and retained permanent ownership. In addition to his survey of three hundred acres at the "Poynt," he acquired title, January 8, 1689, to the twenty-eight acres located by John White, lying south of his tract and on the river. This wedge-shaped piece of land had passed from White to John Langhurst, and later to Roydon, who sold to Cooper on the date mentioned. William Cooper also obtained, through several conveyan- ces, the fifty acres fronting on the river adjoin- ing his other land, which Roydon had sold to Samuel Carpenter, April 20, 1689. He disposed of all his real estate at the point between the river and creek, by various deeds of gift, before his death, to his children and grandchildren, the last gift being a small tract of thirty-eight acres on Coopers Creek, adjoining Roydon's survey, which he granted to his grandsons-John (son of William) and Joseph, Jr. (son of Joseph)-as joint tenants, and they, in 1715, sold and conveyed the same to their cousin William, son of Daniel. His land, with the house thereon, in Burlington, he presented by deed to his daughter Hannah, wife of John Woolston, Sr.
William Cooper, Jr. (born 1660, died 1691), the eldest son of William the emigrant, married, in 1682, Mary, the daughter of Edward and Mary Bradway, of Salem, and the young couple settled in that town. He died in 1691, leaving three children,-John, Hannah and Mary. His widow intermarried the next year with William Kenton, of Choptank Meeting, Maryland, and the three children were fostered and cared for by their grandfather Cooper at the "Poynt." John was provided with a farm, as above stated, and did not change his residence until after his grandfather's death. He married, at Chesterfield Meeting, Anne Clarke in 1712, and settled in Deptford township, Old Gloucester County. Hannah married, in 1704, at her grandfather's house at the "Poynt," John, the eldest son of Archibald Mickle, and they settled on Newton Creek, within the town bounds of Gloucester. Mary appears to have accompanied her grandfather when he removed to his farm at Cooper- town, on the Waterford side of the creek, where he died, for she was married, 1707, at the house of her testamentary guardian, John Kay, near Ellisburg, to Benjamin, son and heir of Thomas Thackara, of Newton, the pioneer. They resided on the Thackara property on the middle branch of Newton Creek.
408
HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
Joseph Cooper (born 1666, died 1731), second son of William; the emigrant, married, 1688, Lydia Riggs, a member of the Philadelphia Meet- ing of Friends. They resided on Coopers Creek, just east of the residence of his father. They had seven children,-Elizabeth, who married Samuel Mickle and died without issue; Joseph, Jr., who married, first, Mary Hudson, and, second, Han- nah Dent; Lydia, who married John Cox and died without issue; Hannah, who married Alex- ander Morgan ; Benjamin, who was three times married : first to Rachel Mickle, secondly to Han- nah Carlisle (a widow née Clarke), and thirdly to Elizabeth Burcham (a widow née Cole); Sarah, who married Joshua Raper; and Isaac, who married Hannah Coates.
The first purchase of land made by Joseph Cooper, son of William, of which we have record, was effected June 12, 1697, when Joshua and Abraham Carpenter conveyed to him the tract con- taining four hundred and twenty-three acres, be- ing the greater part of the Turner survey, located in July, 1685, lying on the south side of Coopers Creek, and deeded by Turner, December 30, 1693, to the Carpenters,-a tract still locally known as the Carpenter tract. The remainder of the Turuer survey Joseph had purchased a short time before of John Colley, and on the 13th of December, 1702, he purchased ten acres adjoining this land of Archibald Mickle. These three pieces of land, purchased of Carpenter, Colley and Mickle, as stated, Joseph Cooper conveyed to his son Joseph, Jr., by deed dated June 16, 1714.
Joseph Cooper, Jr. (horn 1691, died 1749), married, 1713, Mary Hudson, daughter of William and Hannah, of Philadelphia. She died 1728, leaving him one child, Mary, who married, 1737, Jacob Howell, Jr. Mary Howell died before her hus- band, leaving to his care three daughters-Lydia, who married John Wharton; Hannah, who died unmarried; and Mary, who married Benjamin Swett. In his will Joseph, Jr., directed that a tract of five hundred acres, on the north side of the south branch of Coopers Creek, which came to him from his grandfather, William, the emigrant, should be divided into three parts for the use and benefit of his three granddaughters. By his sec- ond wife, Hannah Dent, there was no issue. The large tract of four hundred and thirty acres, on south side of Coopers Creek, deeded to him by his father in 1714, passed under his will to his younger brother, Isaac Cooper and the same has since passed through an heir, female, to the descendants of Israel Cope, of Philadelphia. Joseph Cooper, Jr., rep- resented his district in the State Legislature for
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