USA > New Jersey > Camden County > The history of Camden county, New Jersey > Part 72
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The earliest sausage weaver, of which tradition gives notice, was Edward Daugherty, who was one of the first Councilmen of the new city, and who long before there was an established church in Camden, he a Methodist, with Edward Sharp, a Presbyterian, established a Sunday-school in the old Camden Academy. Edward Daugherty was re- garded as one of the best men in the town and was noted for his integrity in business, in which he secured competence, if not great wealth. He began business on Federal Street, above Fourth, after- wards building on the northwest corner of Third and Bridge Avenue. He, too, "stood " in the " Jersey Market," and, like many of his fellow- craftsmen, could be seen early on market mornings trundlinga wheelbarrow, load with piles of sausage, on his way to the ferry and to the "Jersey Mar- ket."
It was in this market that Reiley Barrett, a local preacher, politician, shoemaker, city treasurer and member of Assembly, sold his linked wares for a time, and for many years he dispensed his sausage hot, with coffee and rolls, to his hungry fellow-Jerseymen.
There were others in the trade in the earlier years of the century, among them William J. Hawk, on Kaighn Avenue, and Andrew Jenkins,
54
454
HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
and all who did not waste, saved money, as for long years the reputation of "Jersey Sausage" was such that the demand was equal to the sup- ply and the price equal to the reputation. In ad- dition to her duties as proprietress of the Columbia Garden, Elizabeth Heyle did an extensive busi- ness in the winter season in sausage-making, as did her husband, Henry Heyle, many years before his death, in 1825.
CHAPTER IV.
. BANKS AND BANKING.
The First Bank in New Jersey-State and National Laws Governing the Banking System-The National State Bank of Camden-The Farmers and Mechanics Bank-The First National Bank-The Camden Safe Deposit Company-The Camden National Bank.
THE FIRST BANK IN NEW JERSEY .- The busi- ness of banking in the State of New Jersey origi- nated within the present limits of Camden County, in the year 1682, and its founder was Mark Newbie, one of the guiding spirits of the Newton colony, who located near the middle branch of Newton Creek with the first settlers in 1681. He was a man of considerable estate, and although he lived but a short time after his arrival in America, he became the owner of several large tracts of land. In May, 1682, the Legislature of New Jersey, by the passage of the following act, created Mark Newbie the first banker in the province :
"For the convenient Payment of small eume, he it enacted that Mark Newbie's half-pence, from and after the Eighteenth instant, pass for half-pence current pay of the province, provided he, the said Mark Newbie, give sufficient security to the Speaker of the House for the use of the General Assembly from time to time, that he, the said Mark Newbie, hie Executors and administrators, shall and will change the said half-pence for pay equivalent upon de- mand; and provided also that no person or persons be hereby obliged to take more than five shillings in one payment."
Mark Newbie's bank had a short but interesting history. He gave as security to the province, as re- quired by the act, a tract of three hundred acres of land in Newton township, and conveyed it to Samuel Jennings and Thomas Budd as commis- sioners.
The half-penny, used as the circulating medium by this pioneer banker, was a copper piece of money coined by the Roman Catholics after the massacre of 1641, in Ireland, and was known as "St. Patrick's half-penny." It had the words "Floreat Rex " on the obverse, and " Ecce Rex" on the reverse. These coins were made in Ireland, under the authority of the law-probably only to
commemorate some event-but never obtained circulation in that country. Through the rare foresight of Mark Newbie, a large number of them was brought to West New Jersey, and made to answer the wants of the first settlers for several years as a medium of exchange under the author- ity of the legislative enactment given above. These coins are now very rare, and found only in the cabinets of numismatists. It is not to be supposed that Mark Newbie had authority to make these coins in his small habitation in the new country, but he was careful to keep the amount circulated within proper bounds with the supply he brought with him. Part of his property was pledged to make good any short-coming. The founder of this financial institution died in 1683, and his bank, at some unknown period, soon after ceased to circu- late its coins.
STATE AND NATIONAL LAWS GOVERNING THE BANKING SYSTEM .- The Legislature of New Jer- sey established English shillings and New Eng- land shillings before 1682, and in 1693 did the same thing in relation to Spanish coins, which came into circulation. For many years after the first settlement in New Jersey there was much trouble concerning the standard value of various coins whose circulation was authorized by the different provinces. The first half-penny was issued in New Jersey in 1709.
Early in the history of the present century statutes of the different States allowed banks to be established for the issue of notes payable in specie on demand. These banks were established by acts of the local Legislature, which limited the liability of the shareholders. Banking then was quite free, and all individuals could carry it on, provided they pursued the requirements of the law. But under this system there was great fluctuation in value, which frequently produced bankruptcy and ruin. Between 1811 and 1820 a number of banks went out of business. The inflation of the bank-notes was wonderful between 1830 and 1837. But just as the amount had increased, it decreased corre- spondingly during the following six years, till 1843, and this caused the ruin of many financial institu- tions. Among them was the Bank of the United States, the renewal of whose charter had been de- nied by President Jackson.
The loss in the value of stocks and property of all kinds was enormous. But, great as it was, it was trifling compared with the injury which re- sulted to society in disturbing the elements of social order, and in causing the utter demoraliza- tion of men by the irresistible temptation to spec- ulation which it afforded, and by swindling to re-
Richard M. Cooper
455
THE CITY OF CAMDEN.
tain riches dishonestly obtained. Another crash took place in 1857.
At the beginning of the war the paper money in circulation amounted to two hundred million dol- lars, of which three-fourths had been issued in the Northern States, and the coin amounted to two hundred and seventy-five million dollars. The early necessities of the national treasury in this trying period compelled the government to borrow money, and in this behalf, in February, 1862, Congress authorized the issue of Treasury notes amounting to one hundred and fifty million dol- lars, and declared them to be legal tender except for customs duties and for interest on the national debt. This action was taken after a full, if not a bitter, discussion of the question. Its constitu- tionality was contested vigorously, but unsuccess- fully.
A premium on gold naturally followed, causing it to be drawn entirely from circulation, and this increased as the Treasury notes multiplicd. Then the national banking system was introduced to supply a circulating medium. This was created on February 25, 1863, and amended June 3, 1864, whereby a Bureau and Comptroller of Currency were appointed in the Treasury Department, with power to authorize banking associations, under certain provisions, for public security. The exist- ing State banks were rapidly transformed into national banks under this system, and their pre- vious notes were withdrawn from circulation. The currency of the country in this manner came to cousist of Treasury demand notes, which, in 1865, amounted to four hundred and fifty million dol- lars, and of national bank notes, which approached the limit of three hundred million dollars. The latter circulated as freely as the former, because their ultimate redemption was assured by the de- posit of an adequate amount in United States bonds at the national treasury. This system was found superior in the protection against loss which it afforded, but it could not prevent a finan- cial crisis from sweeping over the country, espe- cially when other causes, such as excessive manu- factures and enormous losses from fire, contributed greatly towards the result.
Congress also authorized small notes for five, twenty-five and fifty cents to be issued for the pur- pose of supplying the loss of the small denomina- tions of coin money from circulation. This was commonly known as "currency." It was all re- deemed after the war.
During this period merchants at Camden, as well as other towns and cities, issued and circu- lated for a time their own fractional demand notes
for the purpose of encouraging trade amongst one another. But it was gradually redeemed as the national currency was supplied.
THE NATIONAL STATE BANK OF CAMDEN .- When Camden was but a small village, and at a pe- riod in our national history when the minds of the majority of American people were turned toward the conflict of arms about to open between the United States and Great Britain, and when the financial affairs of our country required the utmost care in their management, the Legislature of New Jersey, . by an act approved January 28, 1812, authorized the establishment of State Banks at Camden, Trenton, New Brunswick, Elizabeth, Newark and Morris.
The Bank of Camden was created a corporation, under the name of " The President, Directors and Company of the State Bank at Camden," to con- tinue twenty years from the first Monday in Feb- ruary, 1812.
The capital stock was divided into sixteen thou- sand shares of fifty dollars each, making eight hundred thousand dollars, of which the State of New Jersey reserved the privilege of subscribing to one-half. Joseph Cooper, Joseph Rogers, Azel Pierson, John Coulter and Joseph Sloan were ap- pointed commissioners to receive subscriptions to the stock. Books of subscription were accordingly opened and eight thousand shares of fifty dollars each were subscribed for, making a capital of four hundred thousand dollars. Wm. Russell, Henry Chew, Richard M. Cooper, Thomas Jones, Jr., James Matlack, Joseph McIlvain, Jacob Glover, Robert Newell, Samuel C. Champion, Maurice Wurts, John Coulter, John Warner, James Sloan, John Rogers and Thomas Wright were appointed directors by the said act of incorporation. Wm. Rossell was elected president and Richard M. Cooper appointed cashier. The business of bank- ing commenced on the 16th day of June, 1812.
The following is a copy of an advertisement of this institution at the date given, heing a short time after the opening of the bank for business :
"STATE BANK.
" CAMDEN, N. J.
" Notice having been given that the Stats Bank of Camden has been opened for the transaction of business, on the 15th instant.
"The directors' days are Wednesday and Saturday of svery weak. Notes intended for discount for the accommodation of citizens of New Jersey, must be presented at the Banking Honse on Tuesday or Friday at or before 2 o'clock P.M. of sach discount day ; all notes designed to he discounted must be made payable at the Stats Bank of Camden, agrseably to the following form : Dollars .......
.days after date ...... ... promise to pay to the order of. ... at the State Bank of Camden. .. dollars without dis- count or defalcation for value received. 181 ..
456
HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
"The hours for the transaction of business will he from ten o'clock A.M. to four o'clock P.M. every day in the week (Sundays ex- cepted). Notes intended for discount for the accommodation of citizens of Philadelphia may be sent to the banking house or left at No. 34 Church Alley, where a box is provided for the re- 'ception of the same, provided they are left at or before 2 o'clock of each discount day. Applicants for diecounte residing in Phil- adelphia will receive answers in writing at their respective placee of business on the day following each discount day before 1 o'clock P.M.
"By order of the board of directors.
" RICHARD M. COOPER, Cashier. "Camden, June 11, 1812."
On the 19th of February, 1813, the right of the. State to subscribe to one-half the stock was trans- ferred by act of Assembly to John Moore White and others. Subscriptions were accordingly re- ceived to the amount of two hundred thousand dollars, thus raising the capital to six hundred thousand dollars. The remaining four thousand shares were taken by the banks. By an act passed February 15, 1813, the number of directors was fixed at twenty-one.
On the 4th of October, 1822, a committee was appointed by the directors to petition the Legisla- ture for a reduction of the capital of the bank, on the ground that the paid-in capital (six hundred thousand dollars) was more than could be profita- bly employed in the business of the bank, the State tax thereon being burdensome and oppressive to the stockholders. The petition was met by an act empowering the stockholders to determine (at a general meeting to be convened according to the charter) the expediency of the proposed reduc- tion. This meeting was called on the 7th day of April, 1823, and it was unanimously resolved by the stockholders that the capital stock should be reduced to three hundred thousand dollars, and that the shares owned by the bank should be ex- tinguished and never reissued, and that after the 1st day of October, 1823, the number of directors to be chosen should be thirteen instead of twenty- one.
The Legislature, by an act passed February 19, 1829, extended the act incorporating " The Presi- dent, Directors and Company of the State Bank of Camden " until the first Monday in February, A.D. 1852. By a subsequent act, the capital stock was reduced to two hundred and sixty thousand dollars, and by an act of the Legislature, approved January 26th A. D. 1849, the act incorporating "The President, Directors and Company of the State Bank of Camden " was further extended and continued for twenty years from the expiration of its existing charter.
With varied but continuing success this institu- tion maintained its sphere of usefulness up to the
period of its becoming a National Bank in place of a State Bank, always supporting a character for fair dealing and ever exerting itself to benefit the community in which its business is conducted.
The Congress of the United States having passed an act entitled "An Act to provide a National Currency, secured by a pledge of the United States bonds, and to provide for the circu- lation and redemption thereof," approved February 25, 1863, and the State of New Jersey having passed an act entitled "An Act to enable the banks of the State to become associations for the purpose of banking under the laws of the United States," the subject of converting this institution into a national banking association under said national act was brought before the board of directors, then composed of John Gill, Joseph W. Cooper, Samuel R. Lippincott, Jonathan J. Spencer, Chas. Reeves, Thomas W. Davis, Israel W. Heulings, Joshua Lippincott, John D. Tustin, James W. Riddle, John H. Stokes, Ephraim Tomlinson and Joseph Trimble.
The signatures of stockholders representing four thousand seven hundred and two shares of stock, equal to two hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred dollars of the capital, having been ob- tained at various dates, from April 22d to May 6, 1865, a special meeting of the directors was held on the 9th day of May, 1865, when the "articles of association organization certificate" and "certifi- cate to the Secretary of State of New Jersey " were duly executed, and on the 16th day of May, 1865, a majority of the directors were installed, and elected John Gill president and Jesse Townsend cashier, of the National Bank, and executed the " certificate of officers and directors."
On the 2d day of June the comptroller of the currency issued to the bank his certificate of au- thority to commence the business of banking under the national law, since which time it has had a very successful and prosperous history, being recog- nized as one of the most substantial financial insti- tutions in the State of New Jersey.
The bank was started in a small frame building on the site of the present large, commodious and conveniently arranged brick banking building, dur- ing the erection of which the business was con- ducted in a dwelling-house at the southeast corner of Second and Cooper Streets. In 1875 the build- ing was remodeled and enlarged to its present size at a cost of thirty thousand dollars, including a large vault, for which nine thousand dollars were paid.
The following is a complete list of the officers of this bank, with their terms of service and the names
John Lily
29 W Healings
457
THE CITY OF CAMDEN.
of all of the directors with the dates of their elec- tion :
PRESIDENTS.
William Russell, June 16, 1812, to November 17, 1812. Jamea Sloan, November 17, 1812, to November 9, 1813. Richard M. Cooper, November 9, 1813, to November 8, 1842.
Joha Gill, November 8, 1842, to December 4, 1884.
Israel Heulings, January 15, 1884.
CASHIERS.
Richard M. Cooper, June 16, 1812, to November 9, 1813. William Hillegaa, November 9, 1813, to June 8, 1827. Robert W. Ogden, June 8, 1827, to April 25, 1843. Auley McAlla, May 2, 1843, to April 11, 1866.
Thomae Ackley, April 2, 1856, to April 10, 1863. Jesse Towaseud, April 27, 1863, to July 3, 1871. Isaac C. Martindale, July 3, 1871, to February, 1885. Wilbur F. Rose, February 2, 1885.
The following-named persons compose the board of directors of this institution for the year 1886
Iaraal W. Haulinga.
Emmor Roberts.
Thomas W. Davis.
William Wataon.
Edward Bettle. Heulings Lippincott.
Joel P. Kirkbrida.
Edward Dudley.
Joshua W. Lippincott.
John Gill.
Benjamin F. Archar.
John T. Bottomley.
John S. Biapham.
The following is the present clerical force :
Edward C. Wehater Paying Teller at Bank
Goldaon Teat Paying Teller at Philadelphia Office
N. F. Cowan.
.Receiving Teller at Bank
William Bradway ...... Receiving Taller at Philadelphia Office A. J. String
.Note Clerk
Joseph B. Johnson
.General Book-keeper
A. B. Porter
.Diacount Clerk
John T. Frazee.
Assistant Receiving Teller
Richard M. Cooper.
1825. Joseph W. Cooper.
Thomas Jonea, Jr.
1828. Thomas Dallatt.
Jamea Matlack.
Charles Stokea.
Joseph McIlvaiu. 1830. John Buck.
Jacob Glover."
1831. Batian Cooper.
Robert Newell.
1832. Elijah Dallatt, Jr.
Samuel C. Champion. Isaac Lawrence.
Maurice Wurts.
1833. James Lefevra.
John Coulter. Jamea Good.
John Wagner.
1834. Benjamio Jonea.
Jamea Sloao.
1835. Joho O. Boyd.
John Rogers.
1837. John R. Perry.
Thomas Wright.
1840. John N. Taylor.
William Newbold.
1841. Robert K. Matlock.
John Buck.
1842. Samuel R. Lippincott.
Samuel Spackman.
William Brown.
Richard Fetters.
United Statea Bonda to aecura Circulation 260,000.00
Due from otbar National Banks.
166,074.57
Joseph Rodgers. E. Smith.
Gilliea Dallett.
Current Expenses and Taxea paid. 371.35
William Fliothian.
1846. Jonathan J. Spencer, M.D. Charles Reaves.
1813. William Potta.
Samuel Whitall.
1847. Joha M. Kaighn.
Liabilities :
$260,000.00
Surplus and Undivided Profits.
312,961.47
James B. Caldwell.
Joaeph Falkenharga.
1854. Daniel B. Cummina.
Circulation 234,000.00
Depoaita. 1,892,671.38
$2,699,632.85
W. F. ROSE, Cashier.
Th. mas Nawbold.
Benjamin B. Howell.
1861. Ephraim Tomlinaon.
Josbua Longstrath.
1863. Joseph Trimble.
Benjamin Maadan. William Milner.
Joha H. Stokea.
1814. Samuel W. Harriaon.
Isaac Wilkina.
Michael C. Fisher.
1868. Charles Hainea.
Isaac C. Jones.
1870. Joel P. Kirkbride.
Thomas Fassett.
1871. William Stilea.
1815. Joseph Lee.
1816. Joaeph C. Swett.
H. F. Hollingahead. Samuel L Howell.
1874. Banjamio F. Archer. John S. Bispham. Emmor Roberta.
1817. John Stoddart. Isaac Heulings.
1818. John Gill. Joseph Ogden.
1820. Bowman Headry.
1882. Edward Dudley.
Samuel C. Champion.
1821. James Saunders. Joahoa Lippincott.
1822. James Kitchen.
Heary Chew.
1824. Natbaniel Potts.
H. M. Haulinga
.Book-keeper
Alonzo Wood.
H. B. Lippincott
D. J. Du Boia
William O. Wolcott General Aasiatant
R. C. Markley Corresponding Clerk
A. D. Ambruater
General Assistant-
Joaaph H. Shino.
.. Runner
D. M. Davis, M.D Truat Officer
James R. Caldwell
.Notary .
The following is the report of the condition of the National State Bank of Camden, N. J., at the close of business October 7, 1886:
Resources :
Loana and Discounts aod Real Estate. $1,924,611.93
$2,699,632.85
Clemeat Actoa.
1849. Samuel H. Jones.
Capital Stock
1853. William P. Lawrence.
H. F. Hollinahead. Josbua Humphreya. James Matlack.
1855. Richard Jouea.
1857. larael W. Heulings.
1858. Thomaa W. Davis. Jamea W. Riddle. Joho D. Tuatin.
1866. William E. Lafferty. Edward Bottle.
1872. William H. Gill.
1873. Joahua W. Lippincott.
1876. Aldan C. Scoval. William Watson.
1879. Heuliogs Lippincott.
1886. Simaoo J. Ringel.
Joha Gill.
John T. Bottomiloy.
RICHARD MATLACK COOPER, banker, legislator and judge, was born in the village of Coopers Fer- ries (now Camden), Old Gloucester County, Febru- ary 29, 1768. He derived his descent, in the fifth and sixth degrees, from the families of Cooper, of Pyne Point, Medcalf, of Gloucester, West, of Philadelphia, Parsons, of Frankford, Matlack, of Waterford, Hancock, of Pensaukin, Wood, of Waterford, and Kay, of Newton. The emigrant ancestors of these families were, without excep- tion, all disciples of Fox, fellow-adventurers with Penn, and settled and established themselves in West Jersey and Pennsylvania, in the last quarter of the seventeenth century.
Judge Cooper was liberally educated and inher- ited a large landed estate. On May 4, 1798, he
DIRECTORS.
1812. William Russell.
1843. Joaeph Porter.
Charles C. Stratton.
Caah Beaerve. 348,575.00
458
HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.
married Mary Cooper, the daughter of Samuel and Prudence (Brown) Cooper, of Coopers Point, thus uniting the older and younger branches of the family. His social position, wealth and high per- sonal character brought him early into the politi- cal field, and he was a successful candidate in sev- eral elections for the Legislative Council of New Jersey. He sat many terms in the State General Assembly, and was also elected State Senator. In 1813 he became president of the State Bank at Cam- den, then recently chartered, and held that position, by continuous annual elections, until a re-election was declined by him in 1842,-the institution, mean- while, proving itself one of the most prosperous in the State. In 1829 he was sent as representative to the National Congress, and he again filled that high position in 1831. For many years he served as presiding judge of the Gloucester County courts, and at various times filled other minor local positions of trust and honor, securing, in every station, the confidence of all classes by his good judgment, integrity and amiable deportment. He was a member of the Newton Meeting of Friends. He died March 10, 1844.
JOHN GILL was the son of John and Anne (Smith) Gill, both of whom could trace their line- age to the first English settlers in the province, and some of whom were leading and influential citizens. He was born July 9, 1795. Reared on the homestead plantation as a farmer and fond of his occupation, he was always seeking for improve- ment in the means to increase the yield of the soil and lessen labor by the application of machinery.
"The earth always responds to the liberality of the husbandman is a maxim that can be relied upon," he would often repeat. In his younger days, and when the primitive forests extended quite from the ocean to the river, he was fond of hunting deer and chasing foxes. Being a good horseman and generally well mounted, he was but seldom "thrown out " and went home without see- ing the close. The Gloucester Hunting Club gave him and his associates opportunity to show their prowess and knowledge of woodcraft, and they often led the city gentlemen where the latter hesi- tated to follow.
The advantage of the country riders over the members of the club was, that they knew the lay of the country, the courses of the streams and the outcome of the woods roads, which saved their horses in the chase and kept them near the hounds. Sometimes the fox would " go away " in a straight line for many miles, gradually shaking off his pursuers until only the toughest dogs and best horses would be left on the trail, and when
sundown would force a return which went far into the night. Many of those events John Gill would recount when surrounded by his friends, and tell of his own mishaps as well as of those who ven- tured but the once in this manly sport.
John Gill lived in one of the most interesting and progressive eras of his native State. His early manhood was before agriculture or internal im- provements had received much attention. If an individual had stepped out of the beaten track or adopted any new line of thought, which, when ap- plied, might prove advantageous, he was regarded as visionary. The use of fertilizers and the appli- cation of steam grew up under his notice, and both developed into mighty powers before he died. He never tired of comparing the condition of the country and people of early times with the improvement and benefits to both at this day Occasionally public enterprise outstripped his judgment ; yet, when convinced of its feasibility, he would frankly acknowledge his error of opinion and concede the merit where it was due.
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