USA > New York > New York County > Harlem > Revised History of Harlem (City of New York): Its Origin and Early Annals. : Prefaced by Home Scenes in the Fatherlands; Or Notices of Its Founders Before Emigration. Also, Sketches of Numerous Families, and the Recovered History of the Land-titles > Part 1
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Hours very truly James Riker.
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Emailul Culler
REVISED HISTORY OF HARLEM Ø4
(CITY OF NEW YORK.)
ITS ORIGIN AND EARLY ANNALS
.
PREFACED BY
HOME SCENES IN THE FATHERLANDS;
OR NOTICES OF ITS FOUNDERS BEFORE EMIGRATION. ALSO .
Sketches of Numerous Families
AND THE
RECOVERED HISTORY OF THE LAND-TITLES.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AN'D MATS.
BY JAMES RIKER,
Author of THE ANNALS OF NEWTOWN ; Life Member of the New York Historical Society ; Member also of the Massachusetts Historical Society: The New England Historic and Genealogical Society; The New York Genealogical and Bio- graphical Society: The Long Island Historical Society; The Pennsylvania Historical Society, etc. (188t).
NEW YORK : NEW HARLEM PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1904.
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COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY Rew bariem Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
JOURNAL PRESS, ELIZABETH, N. J.
(DEDICATED BY MR. RIKER.) TO
MY EARLY AND EXCELLENT FRIEND,
EDGAR KETCHUM,
WHOSE HEARTY INTEREST IN THIS WORK HAS CONTRIBUTED TO RENDER A TOIL A PLEASURE AND TO BRING IT TO A HAPPY ISSUE, THIS VOLUME IS Cordialie InscriBed.
GENERAL CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
I.
DUNKIRK TO ST. MALO. Pen-sketches of the coasts of Holland, Flanders, Picardy, Normandy, and Brittany. Historic memories awakened. Ink- lings of localities and persons connected with our subject. Picturesque scenery of the Norman Archipelago. Island of Jersey; home of the Car- terets and Pipons. St. Malo quaint and suggestive. Page 3.
2.
HARLEY : SPRINGS OF ITS HISTORY. Special relations to the countries named. Their archives explored; and with good results, touching our first settlers. These of various nationalities, but mostly Hollanders and French Refugees. Their character bears investigation. Their history invites inquiry. Page 10.
3.
GLIMPSES OF THE FATHERLANDS. Lands of the Huguenots. Retained in the sixteenth century the essential features of its ancient state. Noticeable characteristics of the country and people. Amiens; its civil history. Glance at the national annals down to the Reformation. Page 14
CHAPTER II.
AVESNES AND ITS EXILES. French Refugees at Harlem; district whence they came. Walslant, or Walloon Country. Principality of Sedan. The Walloons ; origin and character. Avesnes. Its lords and people. Spanish tyranny; persecution of the Reformed. They find refuge at Le Cateau. That city taken by Count Mansfield. Huguenots slain and scattered. Netherland patriots rise in arms. Walloons join them, but soon yield the contest. Liberty crushed; Protestants in despair; many leave. The De Forests flee to Sedan. Page 25.
CHAPTER III.
OUR SETTLERS FROM FRANCE AND WALSLANT. Huguenots; their history to the Edict of Nantes. Rest under the Edict. Troubles after the death of Henry IV. Louis XIII. sacks their towns and fortresses. A doomed people. Era of our Refugees considered. Status of the Huguenot. Many seek exile. West India colonies. Casier family. La Montagne (Mon- tanye), Vermilye, Delamater, etc. Picardy and Picards. The Amienois and Amiens; trials of the Huguenots. Two pageants. Demarest. De Labadie preaches reform. Antagonisms. An attack and defence; Tour- neur forced to flee. France at war with Spain; hostilities carried into Hainault and Artois. Protestant Walloons escape to Holland and Eng- land. Du Four, Oblinus, Kortright, Journeay, Tiebout, Cresson, Bertholf, etc., seek other homes Page 40.
CHAPTER IV.
HOLLAND: THE DE FORESTS, AND LA MONTAGNE Leyden the refuge. Its Walloons, and cloth trade. Jesse de Forest and brothers; family items. Life at Leyden. Remonstrant troubles. The University. Jean de La
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GENERAL CONTENTS.
Montagne, student of medicine. University, how located. The Klok- steeg. Pilgrim Fathers leave for America. Walloons propose the same; not encouraged. War with Spain. De Forest goes to Brazil; dies. Dr. Montanye marries his daughter. De Laet's book, "The New World." stimulates emigration. Tobacco raising promises rich returns. Henry de Forest marries Geertruyt Bornstra; and with his brother Isaac sails for Manhattan. Page 70.
CHAPTER V.
EMIGRATION. Amsterdam, chief port of departure. Oppression the prime colonizing agent. Good proof of character. Our colonists: Captain Kuyter, Bronck, De Meyer, Slot, Meyer, Dyckman, Bussing. Terbosch. Benson, Dolsen, Waldron, Sneden, Verveelen and Vander Vin. John Montanye visits Holland and marries. Brevoort, Van Tilburgh, Acker- man, Storm, the Kortrights and Bogert emigrate. French and Wal- loons-Tourneur, Delamater, Disosway, Genung, Du Four, Lozier. Cousseau, Cresson, etc. Mannheim colonists-Demarest, Casier, Uzille. Journey, Oblinus, Parmentier, Du Bois, De Voe, Vermilye. etc. Visitors from Manhattan influence colonization. Page 92.
CHAPTER VI. : 1609-1636.
MANHATTAN. Its discovery. Harlem in its aboriginal state. Schoraka- pok, or Spuyten Duyvel. Whence this name? Steps to colonize Man- hattan Island. Rev. John Robinson. French and Walloon colonists arrive. Locality embraced in our history-Yorkville to Kingsbridge. Van Twiller appropriates Ward's Island; gives Van Curler the Otter- spoor. Aboriginal Harlem as viewed from McGown's heights. Great Kill, or Harlem River. Papparinamin. The Hellegat. Muscoota, Recha- wanes and Schorakin located. Indian names to be cherished. Muscoota. or, as afterward called, Montanye's Flat, first of these localities to attract the European. Page 109.
CHAPTER VII. : 1636-1640.
.SETTLEMENTS. The De Forests arrive; granted Muscoota. Dr. Montanye follows. Progress on the Flat. New and trying experiences. "O soli- tude! where are the charms?" Van Curler begins improvements. Van Twiller makes Barent Blom his overseer. Great and Little Barent's Islands ; why so called. Henry de Forest dies. Montanye looks after the plantation. Daily fare. The widow de Forest marries Hudde. Hans Bergen. Hudde's patent. Hudde and wife visit Holland. The farm sold. Bought by Montanye. Claes Swits leases Van Curler's land. It is sold to Van Keulen of Amsterdam. Account of Swits. Van Keulen's Hook. Arrival of Kuyter and Bronck. Kuyter gets Schorakin ; calls it Zegendai. Jochem Pieter's Flat. Montanye's farm named Vredendal. Hudde and wife return. Montanye gets his deed. Bronck at Ranachqua : calls his home Emmaus Page 125.
CHAPTER VIII. : 1640-1645.
INDIAN TROUBLES. Friendly relations with the natives of mutual benefit. Peace broken. Kieft attacks the Raritans. Bloody retaliation on Staten Island. A Wickquaskeek kills Claes Swits. His tribe screen him. Kieft wants to chastise them : the Twelve Men advise delay. The tobacco crop. Kuyter unable to ship his ; Montanye's crop damaged. The Doctor loses his wife. Swits' murder unatoned for; others follow. Time to act : an expedition. Indians alarmed, sue for peace. Peace-council at Emmaus. Farmers keep at work. Kuyter as church-builder. The Mahicans war upon the Wickquaskeeks. These fly for safety to the Dutch. Kieft seizes the chance to slaughter them. The savages avenged upon the settlers. Kieft and the Otterspoor. Peace again patched up. Death of Bronck.
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GENERAL CONTENTS.
Montanye leases his farm. Indians resume hostilities. Settlers fly to Fort Amsterdam. Kuyter depicts their distresses. Cry to Holland for help. Colonists turn soldiers; invade the Indian country. Savages burn Kuyter's house. He and Kieft dispute about it. Peace for the third time; "solid and lasting" . Page 137.
CHAPTER IX. : 1645-1650.
LAND PATENTS: KUYTER'S TRIALS. Sibout Claessen secures a title to Hoorn's Hook. Dr. Vander Donck buys Papparinamin Island. Matthys Jansen gets a patent for Papparinamin on Manhattan side. Tobias Teu- nissen. Jansen-Aertsen patent, since the Dyckman Homestead,-Inwood. Montanye marries. Vredendal patent. Isaac de Forest gets a title. Kuy- ter's opposition to Kieft. He and Melyn arraigned by the ex-Director, before Stuyvesant and Council, for contempt. Are fined and banished. Sent away in the ship with Kieft and Bogardus; are wrecked, and the two latter perish. Kuyter and Melyn reach Holland and appeal to the States-General. Arrest of judgment. Stuyvesant summoned to answer for his severity. Kuyter, on returning to Manhattan, has his property and offices restored. Engages in trade. Dangerous to live on the Flats. Few places occupied. Peter Beeck buys a plantation at Hellgate. De Forest sells his plantation to Beeckman. Kuyter's victory a triumph of popular rights. Page 146.
CHAPTER X. : 1651-1656.
NEW EFFORTS, BUT SAD FAILURES. Kuyter resumes his plantation, with Stuyvesant, etc., as co-partners. Their contract. Country yet disturbed; Kuyter, before proceeding, applies for a groundbrief. Public danger im- minent. Indians murder Beeck and his workmen. Threaten Kuyter, Beeckman and others. Alarming rumors afloat. Kuyter's popularity. Elected schepen. Is killed by the Indians. Sorrow at his fate. Honors awaited him. Steps to settle his estate. More trouble. Savages on a bloody raid. Slay Tobias Teunissen near Spuyten Duyvel, and Cornelis Swits, Beeckman's successor. All the farms laid waste; the district abandoned by the settlers. Page 157.
CHAPTER XI. : 1656-1660.
NEW HAERLEM FOUNDED: ITS COURT AND CHURCH. Plan to settle isolated farms a failure. Resolved to form a village on the Swits and Kuyter lands. Grounds for this measure. Ordinance thereupon. Work begun; a village plot and farming lots laid out. The latter, why so narrow. Named Nieuw Haerlem. Hindrances. Stuyvesant urges on the work. Guarded by soldiers. Indian war at Esopus. Military officers for Har- lem. Court of Justice instituted. Church formed. Do. Zyperus engaged to preach. John Montanye is chosen deacon. Zyperus' previous history obscure. Only a licentiate. Harlem people join Selyn's church at the Bouwery. No church built at Harlem yet, nor for years later. .. .. Page 167.
CHAPTER XII. : 1661-1662.
REARRANGEMENT OF LANDS : NEW ALLOTMENTS. Grain plenty, but no mill. One projected. The Montanyes wish to form a hamlet at Vredendal. Council refuse; will hinder New Harlem. The latter growing. Settlers' names, etc. Scandinavian element. Calls for more land. Order there- upon. Van Keulen's Hook allotted. Grantees. First "Harlem Land Case." John Montanye is Town Clerk. Gets part of Vredendal (the Point) ; the Flat to be divided up. Settlers ask Director to modify the terms on which they took up land. Declines. Applicants for lots on Montanye's Flat. First owners. Wm. Montanye a resident. The aliena- tion of the Flat indisputable. Land speculation. Conveyancing; model Deed. Deeds, Wills, etc .; how executed. Cattle-herder employed. The
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GENERAL CONTENTS.
contract. He gets in trouble; is superseded. Sneden dies; and his wife. Property sold. Slot made building master. Fence masters. Some chief men fined. Mr. Muyden. Page 181.
CHAPTER XIII. : 1663-1665.
STIRRING EVENTS; END OF THE DUTCH RULE. A wedding; rustic custom; a riot. Death of Dericksen and Casier. Petition again for relief in pay- ing for their land. Granted. Indian massacre at Esopus. Montanye's sister a captive. Harlem stockaded. Military companies organized; arms and ammunition. Guns mounted. A detachment goes to Esopus. Wickquaskeeks camp near Harlem; creates alarm, but the Sachem ex- plains; brings tidings good and bad. Asks leave to fish. Powder dis- tributed. News of an armistice. More settlers from Fatherland. Do. Zyperus goes to Virginia. Want a voorleser. Montanye willing to serve. Petitioned for; appointed. Le Maire arrives. Patents taken out. Swits' widow surrenders her land. Calves on Little Barent's Island. Slaves. Saw mill. . Country menaced by neighboring English. General Assembly. Peace with the Indians. English fleet takes New Amsterdam, etc. Called New York. Conflicting opinions at Harlem. Waldron retires thither. Some leave for Holland. Montanye disaffected. Moesman sells to Capt. Delavall. Hymenial. Page 197.
CHAPTER XIV. : 1665-1666.
RELUCTANT YIELDING TO ENGLISH RULE. Local authority suspended. Drunken Indians commit abuses. The Schout's disaffection. Nicolls' order thereupon. Harlem to form part of the City. Town officers dis- charged. Waldron made constable; to appoint magistrates and hold court. De Meyer's tenant absconds; leads to an issue with the new court. He comes out best. The court carry things imperiously; banish an in- habitant. Waldron accuses Teunissen of stealing a quilt. He resents it; sues for slander. Waldron has the advantage. Comments. Bad feeling engendered. Other cases cited. Demarest buys land; removes here. Monis Staeck assaults the herder; is fined. Litigious times. Move to erect a church. Stuyvesant feasted. More garden plots laid out and sold. The church up and inclosed. A good wife defamed. The Mayor sees her righted The costs. Her experiences . Page 215.
CHAPTER XV. : 1666-1667.
THE NICOLLS PATENT; THE COURT, MILL, CHURCH. Grazing customs. Order to draw a line for more range for horses and cattle. Governor directs a patent to be drafted. THE PATENT. Not satisfactory, and why. Tour- neur "pays" Waldron. Both cautioned by the Mayor's Court. Waldron takes his discharge as constable. New officers appointed. Instructions and oath. Still at work on the church. Order; trespasses by cattle. Sabbath workers arrested. Old story about Tourneur revived. Capt. Delavall. His antecedents. Proposes improvements. The town acts upon it. Verveelen to run the ferry and tavern. Bronck's Land and Little Barent's Island. Col. Morris buys the former. Town builds a mill-dam ; Delavall a mill. The Mill Camp. Montanye voted leave to build on his Point. Village expanding ; other house lots laid out. Church finished. Burial place located, etc. Meadows granted Tourneur; the Bussing Meadows. Montanye gets the church-lot's meadows. . Page 225.
CHAPTER XVI. : 1667-1669.
NEW NICOLLS PATENT; THE FERRY ; RUPTURE WITH ARCHER, ETC. Petition for a Patent. Town growing in importance. Dairies. Knoet the herder. Verveelen; his ordinary, ferry and rates. Smuggles beer. Compromised. Ferry lease. Beer drinking. Brewers. Matthys Jansen's heirs and John Archer threaten trouble. THE HARLEM PATENT. Nagel, etc., fined as
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GENERAL CONTENTS.
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rebels. Capt. Delavall going to England. Tourneur, as agent, lets land to W. Gerritsen. Archer buys the Jansen-Aertsen patent. Nicolls won't confirm it. Tourneur bargains for Hoorn's Hook patent. Inhabitants protest. Queer conduct of Verveelen's negro. Baignoux misses his nootas. Barker ignores the ferry. Trouble with Archer. His history. Lets land at Fordham. His cattle trespass; are seized. The Jansen- Aertsen patent awarded to Harlem. The ferry incommodious. Spuyten Duyvel to be viewed. Tourneur craves Hoorn's Hook. Gets land on Cromwell's Creek. Death of the miller. Vessel built. An erfje granted Pelszer. A wagon-road ordered between New York and Harlem. Horses, etc., to be branded. Ferry taken to Spuyten Duyvel. Contract with Verveelen. He to be constable of Fordham. Mill repairs. Delavall returns. Hue and cry after a slave. Montanye's Indian deed. Indians claim other land. De Meyer sells to Kortright and Low ancestors. Calf pasture; its rules. J. Cresson makes his will; sells his farm. Le Roy names Tourneur sole heir .Page 239.
CHAPTER XVII. : 1670-1672.
VILLAGE LIFE; HARLEM TWO CENTURIES AGO. Maturity; accruing responsi- bilities. Porkers missing; Tippett suspected; an inquiry. Branding, etc. Wolters dies. Waldron buys Dolsen's house. Delamater's will. Wal- dron and Verveelen divide meadows. W. Gerritsen mulet for poor fences ; his vrouw scolds Waldron. Payment on the Patent. Freeholders and lands. Vermilye sells; sale void. Wolters' curators. Cresson vs. Delamater. . Kortright to keep tavern. An erf voted J. Demarest. Wal- dron sells Nagel an erfje, etc. Nagel and Vermilye marry his daughters. Jansen-Aertsen patent. Order to pay claimants 300 gl. Richard takes a bond. L. Gerritsen sells Karsten's erf and garden. Legacy at Leyden. New voorleser, Vander Vin. Martino leases town lands. Cresson de- nounces the magistrates; is arrested. Disosway vs. Archer. Colevelt vs. Le Roy. Pound ordered. Town debts; accounts audited. Cupid captures Meyer and others. Pelszer sues Verveelen. Use of an erfje granted Carstensen. Road to City impassable. Lease by Lourens Jansen. Bogert buys Montanye's farm. Journeay sells Storm his Brooklyn lands. Bogert makes his will. Mayor's Court, met at Harlem, tries Archer. Fordham petty causes to be heard at Harlem. Archer's leases. Tak for the voorleser fails ; people prefer voluntary giving. Fines settled. Archer gets a patent for Fordham. Claessen, Valentine ancestor. Indian deed for De Voe's Point. Tourneur makes his will. Demarest loses a child; makes his will. Leases Moertje Davids' Fly. Montanye's deed for his Point. The "wagon path" to New York. Page 262.
CHAPTER XVIII. : 1672-1673.
THE DORP OR VILLAGE; INCIDENTS AND INSIGHTS. Demarest versus Dela- mater; assault. Death of Montanye. . His estate. Harlem church to have an elder. Deacons' accounts. Church-days observed. Allerheyligen. Tippett again, with Hunt and others. Death of Capt. Morris and wife; leave but "one poor blossom." Order; meadows on Fordham side. Vander Vin made secretary. Waldron vs. Tourneur; assault. Church loft let to Mrs. Montanye. Monthly-mail; New York to Boston. Town patents; none under Stuyvesant. Houselots to be taxed for town ex- penses. List. Accounts to be overhauled; Roelofsen sent for. Journeay makes his will. Accounts audited. Creditors. List of freeholders and lands. Owners of Montanye's Flat form a combination. A history con- nected with this Flat. Cresson and Carbosie make wills. A big row. Tourneur lets land at Cromwell's Creek; his death. Dyckman and Bus- sing marry. A stroll through New Harlem in 1673. Homes of the chief residents. In what style a magistrate lived. Page 281.
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GENERAL CONTENTS.'
CHAPTER XIX. : 1673-1674
REOCCUPATION BY THE DUTCH. Minute by Vander Vin; recapture of New York. Official letter received. Hearty response. Town officers ap- pointed ; swear allegiance. Commonalty take the oath. Roll of names. Cut pickets for city defences. Morris and Delavall estates. Barent Wal- dron, messenger. Carbosie vs. Bogert. Delamater fined for striking Adrian Sammis. Plan to alternate crops on the farm lots. Instructions to schout and magistrates. Fordham people vs. Archer. Delavall's affairs. Petition for his out-garden. Vander Vin retained. Contributors. Delamater will not give. Some Englishmen threaten to rob and burn. Action taken. A Night Watch; Jansen (Kortright) made captain. The Roll. Seasons for thanksgiving, fasting, and prayer. Proclamation. Death of Gerritsen. Alarms continue. Beado arrested. His offence. Branded, and banished. English expected; fears increase. Letter from the Governor. A panic. Kiersen and Michielsen tried for shooting a hog. Curious examination. Search for horses of late English officials. How land sold. Peace. Preparing for it. Litigation. Town officers chosen. Church accounts audited. Fruits of Nieuwenhuysen's ministry. Hot heads from Westchester alarm villagers. Inquiry. Country reverts to the English. .Page 300.
CHAPTER XX. : 1674-1677.
ENGLISH RULE RESTORED; REFUGEES; CAPT. CARTERET; INDIAN WAR; LAND GRANTS; SPUYTEN DUYVEL OCCUPIED. Accession of French. Schout and schepens superseded. Bastiaensen (Kortright) hires Tourneur farm. Tourneurs still vexed by story of the homicide. Mayor's Court checks it. Voorleser continued. Delamater and Demarest refuse to give. Terbosch to be dunned. Jansens divide their lands. Le Count dies. Capt. James Carteret. His antecedents. Comes to Harlem. On a committee to get the patent confirmed. Palmer assaults Gano, while picking cherries. In- dian outbreak at Narragansett. Fear at the news. Precautions; watch, etc. Verveelen cited to the watch. Won't leave his ferry. Vexed by Archer, who abducts his goods. Verveelen sues. New alarms. Our Indians ordered within Hellgate. Some are stopped, passing Harlem. General arming. Night watch; the roll and rules. Indians to plant at Spuyten Duyvel. Watch re-formed. De Voe, from Mannheim. Passes for Hellgate. Indian troubles end. Farming interests ; concerning fences. Straitened for land. Report of Andros' grants; inhabitants petition. Persons proper to have land. Van Keulen's Hook surveyed. Coopers stopped cutting timber; appeal. Town cuts stockades for the City. Clerk's house repaired. Junior David Demarest will not pay toward it; gets into trouble. Senior Demarest and Delamater at issue with the town about clerk's salary. What now ensued. The Demarests sell out. The elder buys land on the Hackensack. Town debts. An assessment. Andros' grants cause anxiety ; Carteret, etc., deputed to see the Governor : an episode. Andros very gracious; will send a surveyor. Elphinstone grant, etc. Ryder lays out lots for the Harlem people. Dispute over meadow on Spuyten Duyvel; Meyer in trouble. Dyckman and Nagel secure five lots at Spuyten Duyvel. Lease them. Dyckman Homestead. Large order for palisades. Page 318.
CHAPTER XXI. : 1677-1682.
THE FRENCH LEAVING; NEW TOWN HOUSE; LAND QUESTIONS; LABADISTS; CAPT. CARTERET; SALE OF MOERTJE DAVIDS' FLY. Nicholas de Vaux versus Cresson. Sieur Dubuisson. De Vaux removes. The French leav- ing. Magister. Town accounts. Subscribers to clerk's salary. The Demarests depart. Compromise with Vander Vin. House to be rebuilt. Mr. Kip dies ; his widow assigns her contract for timber; Tourneur to fill it. Vander Vin mortgages. Suits about lines on Van Keulen's Hook.
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GENERAL CONTENTS.
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New. officers. Codrington weds Miss Delavall. Robbery at De ,Voe's. Brevoort and Nagel buy out Cresson, who leaves. Land case; Tourneur, etc., vs. Col. Morris. Labadists visit Harlem. Entertained by Waldron. . Pick up stories about Carteret. Call at Valentine's house. Object of their visit; make proselytes. Seem to confound Waldron with Vander Vin. A word for Carteret. He goes to England. Carstensen dies. Rob- inson buys Sawkill farm. Oblinus vs. Bogert; meadows. Du Four vs. Bogert. "True Lips." Bear hunt; Rev. Charles Wolley. Robert Wolley and partner buy half of Robinson's farm. Timber for Major Cuyler. Contract for town house given out. Sale of Moertje Davids' Fly. Outside owners. Tourneur, etc., vs. Morris; verdict for plaintiffs. Morris ignores it, and holds possession. Mending highway, Barent Wal- dron, absent; Constable Vermilye refuses to collect the fine. Offended dignity. Work on town house. Proposed to bridge the Papparinamin ; but ferry-lease extended. Sieur Dubuisson. Journeay's estate. Five lives lost in Hellgate. Dr. De Forest. Precaution in choosing town officers.' Tax to pay for town house, etc. Proprietors and free- holds Page 347.
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