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Gc 974.7 MlIn v.3 1735154
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
Go
n
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01125 7976
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/naturalstatistic03maca_0
THE
NATURAL, STATISTICAL, AND CIVIL
HISTORY
OY THE
STATE OF NEW YORK,
Y.3
IN THREE VOLUMES.
BY JAMES MACAULEY.
VOLUME III.
840
NEW-YORK:
PUBLISHED BY GOULD & BANKS, AND ~ BY WILLIAM GOULD & CO. ALBANY.
1829.
A. S. Gould, Printer.
30 001
1
1735154
Southern District of New- York, ss.
BE IT P-MEMBERED, that on the 16th day of March, A. D. 1829, in the fifty-third year of the Independence of the United States of America, James Macauley, of the said idistrict, has deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as Author, in the words following, to wit :
" The Natural, Statist.cal and Civil History of the State of New-York. In Three Volumes. By James Macauley."
In conformity to the Act of Congress of the United States, entitled " An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the time there- in mentioned." And also to an Act, entitled "an Act, supplementary to an Act, entitled an Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned, and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving and etching, historical and other prints." -
FRA.D. J. BETTS, Clerk of the Southern District of New-York.
87
-
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Approximation of the English and French colonies Pages 2 Washington sent on a mission to the French commandant on the Ohio
3
Preparations made by Virginia to resist the French 3
Washington defeated by the French at the Little Meadows, &c. 3,4
Provision made for founding Columbia College :
.4
Renewal of the covenant with the Agoneaseah
5
England and France prepare for war-Operations in Nova Scotia -The Assembly of New-York vote supplies 6 Schenectady and other places placed in attitudes of defence 7
·
Plan of the campaign for the reduction of Canada 8
Convention of colonial governors
8
Braddock sets out with an army for Fort du Quesne
8,9
The British under Braddock totally defeated 10
Retreat of the British under Washington
10, 11
The colonies of New England and New-York send large bodies of troops to Fort Edward and the head of Lake George 11,12
Colonel Williams is defeated, between Glen's Falls and Lake
George, by the French, under Baron Dieskau 12
The Baron Dieskau defeated, by the Provincials, at Lake George
12-14
The Provincials of New England and New-York, destined for the reduction of Niagara, proceed as far as Oswego 15
All the attempts this year for the reduction of Canada miscarry 16
Meeting of the Provincial Governors at Albany 16, 17 Provision made by the Assembly for the defence of the Province 17
Sir Charles Ifardy assumes the government 18
CHAPTER II.
The legislature vote, in 1756, supplies of men and money for the defence of the province of New-York, and for to aid in the reduction of Canada 19,20
iv
.CONTENTS,
Pages,
Major-general Winslow entrusted with the command of the troops destined against Crown Point 20
. Abercrombie joins Winslow, with a body of British troops 21 Provincials averse to being placed under British officers 21 The Marquis de Montcalm, with a body of French troops, in- vests Oswego, which surrenders after a short siege 22, 23
Forts Edward and William Henry put into a state of defence 23
A detachment of provincial militia, under Sir William Johnson, stationed at Germanflats, on the Mohawk 23
The small-pox ravages the camp of the provincials 24
The second campaign against Canada proves disastrous
24
In January, 1757, a military council, composed of governors and generals, is held at Boston 24, 25
The Earl of Loudon sails from New-York for Halifax, with six thousand men 26
Montcalm fails in an attempt to carry Fort William Henry 26
Colonel Parker defeated by the French, near Ticonderoga .
26,27 The French, under Montcalm, take Fort William Henry 27 Controversy between Lord Loudon and the legislature of Massachusetts, in relation to quartering the troops .
28,29 Preparations for the campaign of 1758 . 29-31 The assembly of New-York vote men and money to aid, &c. 31, 32
Plan of the campaign 32
The British and colonial forces, under General Amherst, in- vest and take Louisburgh 32, 33
The British and Provincials, under General Abercrombie, de- feated at Ticonderoga . 33-35 Colonel Bradstreet takes Fort Frontenac, at the outlet of Lake Ontario 35
The British and Provincials capture Fort du Quesne .
35, 36
. In March, 1759, the assembly of New-York order troops to be raised, &c. 37
Conferences in October, 1758, at Easton, in Pennsylvania, between the colonial governors and the Indian tribes 38 -- 40 Plan of the campaign of 1759 against Canada 40
The French abandon Ticonderoga and Crown Point 41,42 Niagara invested by General Prideaux-His death 43
Sir William Johnson, on whom the command devolves, defcats : the French and Indians, under M. D'Aubry-Fort Nia- gara surrenders 43
V
CONTENTS
Pages.
General Wolfe lands near Quebec
44,45 The French under Montcalm defeated 46,47 . Quebec capitulates 47
The French concentrate their forces about Montreal 48
M. de Levi defeats the English near Quebec-Siege of Que- bec by the French-Its abandonment 48, 49
General Amherst proceeds, with the british and Provincial army, by Oswego and Oswegatchie to Montreal · 49,50 JI. de Vaudreul surrenders Montreal, and all the places pos- sessed by the French in Canada, to the English, in Sep- tember, 1760 50
The legislature of New-York make a law to regulate the prac- tice of physic and surgery in the city of New-York 51, 52
Hostilities of the Cherokees-Preparations made to invade their country-Their ambassadors perfidiously seized, confined, and murdered by the government of South Ca- rolina and its agents 52, 53
War between the Cherokees and Carolinians .
53, 54
Cherokees defeated-They sue-for peace, which is granted. 54,55 .
CHAPTER III.
Settlement of Vermont .
56,57 Grants made by New-Hampshire to the settlers . 57, 56
The government of New-York, in 1763, takes measures to . assert its claim to the territory of Vermont 38
Proclamation of the lieutenant-governor of New-York, in re- lation to the territory, &c. 58 · Counter proclamation of the governor of New-Hampshire, in March, 1764' 58 : Submission, on the part of New-York, to the King and his council-Decision in its favour 59
The colonial legislature of New-York vacate the New-Hamp- shire grants, &c .- The lands of the settlers granted to pensioners, &c .- Suits brought, &c. 59
The settlers refuse to give possession to the sheriff-The · militia ordered out, but decline to act 59,60 . Organized opposition by the settlers against the government of New-York 60
vi
CONTENTS- ,
Pages.
The settlers under the New-Hampshire grants send agents to Great Britain, to implore the aid of the King, and for a hearing 60
The government of New-York ordered to suspend proceed- ings, but it pays no attention to the order 60 Arbitrary laws passed by the provincial assembly of New- York against the settlers 61.
Colonel Skeen dispatched by the settlers to Great Britain 62
The revolution occasions, for a time, a suspension 63
The assembly of New-York, in 1763, raise 800 men, who are .stationed at Cherry Valley and Schoharie, to watch the motions of the Indians .
63
Commencement of the disputes between Great Britain and her American colonies 64,65
Scheme for taxing the colonies 65
Stamp Act 66
Right of taxation by Great Britain denied by the colonies 67
69
Combinations formed in the colonies to resist taxation
Resolutions of the assemblies of several of the colonies, ex-
pressive of the right of taxation being vested in the colo- nies, represented in the legislature 69
Commissioners from nine of the colonies meet at the city of New-York, in October, 1765 70
They adopt measures, and draw up a petition to the King 70
Associations formed in New-York and Connecticut 70,71
Measures adopted by the Parliament to put the stamp and other laws into operation, &c. 71,72
The general court of Massachusetts send instructions to their agent in Great Britain, to use all his influence to prevent a law imposing duties, &c. 73
Tumults at Boston 76
Troops quartered in Boston 77
Associations in New-England, New-York, &c.
78
Settlements made at Johnstown, Ballston, &c.
80
Disputes, in March, 1770, between the inhabitants of Boston and the King's troops 82
Several persons killed while assaulting the troops 82
Great excitement in the colonies 83
Tea thrown overboard at Boston, in 1773
86
Parliament pass acts, and adopt violent measures against the'
people of Massachusetts 87
---
CONTENTS. vü
Pages.
Charter of Massachusetts subverted Proclamation of General Gage
87
89
Delegates from eleven of the colonies assemble, in Septem- ber, 1774, at Philadelphia 90
Petition to the King-Declaration of rights 90-95
Additional troops arrive at Boston, &c: 96
CHAPTER IV.
The convention of New-York choose delegates to the conti- nental Congress 100 General Gage detaches Colonel Smith and Major Pitcairn, with troops, to destroy the stores at Concord 100
The militia dispersed, and the stores destroyed
101
.
The inhabitants assemble, and attack the King's troops- Battle of Lexington-The enemy retreat precipitately 101
Provincial Congress of Massachusetts cause an army to be levied 101
The people of New-York take up arms 102
The Americans take Ticonderoga and Crown Point 102
The Congress organize an army, publish a manifesto, &c. 103-5
The Generals Howe, Burgoyne and Clinton, arrive at Boston with troops 105
The New-England people take possession of Breed's Hill, in :
order to drive the British out of Boston 105
General Gage directs General Howe to drive them from Breed's Hill 105, 6
Battle of Bunker's Hill 106
Washington appointed to the supreme command of the Ame- rican armies-Ile repairs to the camp before Boston 107 The Americans besiege the British army in Boston, &c. 108,9
Proceedings in New-York 109,110 The British evacuate Boston 112, 113
Three thousand men from New-York and New-England, in- vade Canada and reduce St. John's, Montreal, &c. 113-15 Montgomery with a body of Americans marches for Que- bec-Arnold with a detachment of troops penetrates through the woods between New-England and Quebec 116, 17
..
vii
CONTENTS. .
Pages:
His arrival before Quebec . 118
The Americans repulsed in attempting to carry Quebec by
storm 119,20
Arnold blockades Quebec 121
CHAPTER V.
Congress evince a determination to continue the war in Ca-
nada-Troops raised, &c. 122, 23
The Americans raise the siege of Quebec 124, 25
The British take nearly 400 Americans at the Cedars 126
The Americans retreat to Chamblee and then to the Isle Aux Noix
127,28
The British burn Norfolk and other places in Virginia 129, 30
The Highlanders rise in North-Carolina and erect the royal standard, but are defeated -. 130, 31
The British repulsed at Charleston
131
The army in New-York augmented, &c.
132, 3
Deliberations of Congress
134-6
Declaration of Independence
136-40
The British under General Howe and Lord Howe land on - Staten Island 141,2
Correspondence between General Howe and Washington 142, 3
The Americans assemble in great force at the city of New- York and in its vicinity 143 .
The British debark large bodies of troops on Long Island, near Utrecht and Gravesend 143, 4
Operations-Battle of Long Island 145
Dispositions made by the enemy to attack New-York-They land on Manhattan Island-The Americans evacuate the city 147,8
General Howe lands a numerous body of troops at Frog's Neck, in Westchester county, &c. .149 Battle of White Plains 150-2
Washington falls back to New-Castle . 152
The British invest Fort Washington, on York Island, or Man- hattan Island-Repulsed in attempting to carry it by as- ; ; sault-Fort Washington capitulates :'153, 4
.
·
·
EX
CONTENTS.
Pages.
Washington crosses the Hudson and takes post in New-Jer- sey -- His retreat to the Delaware 154, 5 Proclamation of General Howe and Lord Howe . 156 The American army reduced to a handful of men .157 The British advance to the Delaware . 157,8 -
Washington surprises the Hessians at Trenton 158-60
The enemy defeated at Princeton 160, 1
Lord Cornwallis retreats to Brunswick
761
General Sullivan retreats from the Isle Aux Noix to Crown Point 162
American fleet on Lake Champlain destroyed
.
163, 4
The British fit out an expedition against Rhode Island
.
165, 6
General Schuyler treats with the Agoneaseah, &c.
166-174
CHAPTER VI.
The enemy after the battles of Trenton and Princeton con-
centrates his forces in New-Jersey
176
Stores at Peekskill burnt by the enemy 176
Military stores at Danbury, in Connecticut, burnt : 176,7
Brilliant achievement of Colonel Meiggs . 177, 8 Operations between the Americans and British, in N. Jersey 178-80 New- York invaded on the side of Canada by the British, under Burgoyne, &c. . 180-2
The British appear before Ticonderoga and make preparations to invest it-The Americans abandon Ticonderoga and Mount Independence . 182-5 Disorderly retreat of the Americans under St. Clair-Com- bat between a detachment of the Americans under Col. Warner and the British under Gen. Fraser 186
The British take Skeensborough, &c.
186, 7
General Schuyler repairs to Fort Edward-Reorganizes the American army-Causes the road between Fort Ed- ward and Wood Creek to be obstructed, &c. . 187-9 . The Northern army reinforced 190, 1
The British, after great exertions, reach Sandy Hill-Gene-
ral Schuyler falls back as far as Saratoga, &c. .
.
.
191
Fort Stanwix invested by a detachment of the British army,
b
CONTENTS.
Pages.
under Colonel St. Leger-Defeat of the Mohawk mi- litia, at Oriskinny 192,3 Arnold sent by General Schuyler, to the relief of Fort Stan- wix-Siege raised 194-6 Burgoyne advances towards Saratoga-Colonel Baum de- - ʻ tached to Bennington 197,8 Colonel Breyman sent with a detachment to reinforce him 198
Battle of Bennington 199-203
Murder of Miss M'Crea
202, 3
1
General Gates supersedes General Schuyler
203
.
Burgoyne crosses the Hudson and encamps at Saratoga-His advance-Battle between the Americans and British, on the 19th of September 204-6
Various operations by detachments of troops
206,7
Battle on the 5th of October-The British, under Burgoyne, totally defeated, &c. 208-10
Critical situation of the British army-Its surrender
210-12
Positions of the American and British armies, &c. as given
by General Wilkinson .
213-15
:
The British take Forts Clinton and Montgomery, on the
:
Hudson-General Vaughan burns Kingston .
·
216-19
The defeat and capture of Burgoyne produces great sensation in England 221
General Howe lands at the head of Chesapeake Bay, and begins his march for Philadelphia-Battle of Brandy- wine-The British take Philadelphia, &c. 222-4
Battle of Germantown 225, 6 The Hessians, under Count Donop, defeated in an assault upon Mud Bank 227
The British make themselves masters of the Forts in Dela-
ware river
228, 9
The American army, under Washington, goes into winter quarters, at Valley Forge . 229
CHAPTER VII.
Suspension of the colonial government, in 1775-Provincial Congress-Its proceedings, &c. . 231, 32 Convention of delegates from the several counties, meet at
.
xi
CONTENTS.
Pages.
Kingston and frame a constitution for the state-Its out- lines-Organization of the state government 233-6 Troops raised, &c. 236, 7
First session of the legislature, after the adoption of the con- stitution, is held at Poughkeepsie, &c. . 237 · Sessions of the legislature held, in the years 1779, 1780, 17S1, &c .- Deliberations, &c. 238-43
Controversy between the government of New-York and the people of Vermont . 243-57 A list of the officers of the Revolutionary army, belonging to the line of the state of New-York 258-60
CHAPTER VIII ..
Condition of the American army at Valley Forge, &c .- Com- bination formed to remove Washington-Distresses of the army
261-7
The British government appoints commissioners to treat with the Americans about an adjustment of differences, &c. 268-70 The declaration of independence has a favourable effect in France-A treaty of alliance concluded with France 271,2
British treatment of prisoners 272, 3
Rencontres between detachments of the American army, un- der Washington, and those of the British, under Howe -Inroads into New-Jersey . 273. 74
The British evacuate Philadelphia and march for New-York 274
Washington decamps from Valley Forge, and goes in quest of the British, &c. 274-5
Battle of Monmouth, &c
275-8
Count de Estaing, with a French fleet, appears off the coast of Virginia, &c. 278,9 Americans land on Rhode-Island, in order to attack, in con- junction with the French fleet, the British 279, 80
The British fleet appears off Rhode-Island-The French fleet - puts out to sea-Partial engagement-Both fleets dis- persed-The French fleet returns to Rhode-Island, and sails thence to Boston to refit 260
Action on Rhode-Island, between the Americans and British . -The former leave the Island 280. 1 The British make incursions into Connecticut and New-Jersey 252, 3
xii
. CONTENTS.
Pages.
Arrival of commissioners to treat with the Americans 285, 6 Wyoming, in Pennsylvania, laid waste by the tories and In- dians 287-9
A party of Americans march from Schoharie to Oquago, on the Susquehannah, and destroy the Indian towns .290
Cherry Valley laid waste by the tories and Indians . 291 Colon. 1 Clark takes the British posts at Kaskaskia, &c. 292
CHAPTER IX.
Colonel Van Schaick marches from Fort Schuyler, on the Mohawk, to Onondaga, and destroys the Indian settle- ments 295
Expedition against the Senecas-The Generals Sullivan and Clinton form a junction at Tioga Point-Battle of New- ton-Devastation of the Seneca towns, &c. on Genesee river 296, 7 Colonel Broadhead marches up the Alleghany river, and de- stroys the Indian towns in that quarter 297
Colonel Brandt, with a party of Indians and tories, breaks into the Minisink settlement, in New-York, and ravages - it 297, 8
The British make an incursion from New-York into Virginia, and destroy much property 298
Governor Tryon, with a large body of British troops, makes an inroad into Connecticut, and commits great depreda- tions-East Haven, Green's Farms, Norwalk, &c. burnt . 298, 9 General Wayne, with a detachment of the American army, takes Stony Point, on the Hudson, by assault 301, 2 The British, at Powles' Hook, in New-Jersey, surprised by a party of Americans, under Major Lee . . 302
General Lovel is sent by the state of Massachusetts, to dis- possess the British from a post in Penobscot, but fails 303 Hostilities in the southern states . 304, 5 Operations between the British and Americans 305-7
The Americans and French invest Savannah-Are repulsed in an attempt to carry the place by storm-Siege raised 30S, 9 Paper money-Its depreciation, &c. : · · · 311-1
CONTENTS. xii
:
CHAPTER X.
Pages.
The French fleet leaves the American coast-Sir Henry Clin- ton, with a British army, invades South Carolina- Charleston invested 318-21 Charleston surrenders-Detachments of the British army .
march into the country 322, 3 Troops sent from the middle and northern states to oppose the British 324
The Americans, under General Gates, are totally defeated near Camden, by the British, under Lord Cornwallis 325, 6 Rigorous measures of Lord Cornwallis-Baleful effects of slavery 327, 28
Operations of Marion-Loyalists, under Ferguson, defeated -Tarleton repulsed by Sumpter · 328-30 General Greene takes the command of the southern army 331
Lord Stirling fails in an attempt to dislodge the British from Staten Island 331
General Knyphausen, with 5000 men, makes an inroad into New-Jersey 332, 3
Disaffection in the American army, &c.
333-5
Arrival of M. de Ternay and Count de Rochambeau, from France, at Rhode-Island, with a French fleet and army, to aid the Americans . 336 ·
The royalists and Indians devastate the Mohawk and Scho- harie countries 339 Treason of Arnold-Causes that led him to it-His corres- pondence with Sir Henry Clinton-Interview between Arnold and Andre-The latter taken-His execution, &c. 339-45
Arnold promoted a Brigadier General in the British army-
His address to the American soldiers, &c.
345, 6
Great Britain declares war against the Netherlands
346, 7
The British take St. Eustatia, and plunder the inhabitants 348
CHAPTER XI.
The soldiers of the Pennsylvania line revolt 350, 1 Distress of the American troops . 351-3
xiv
CONTENTS.
Pages ....
General Arnold, with a body of British troops, invades Vir-
- ginia, and commits great depredations 353-5 Operations in South and North Carolina 355,6 Morgan defeats Tarleton at the Cowpens . 357, 8
Lord Cornwallis invades North Carolina-Greene and Mor- gan form a junction-Cornwallis follows Greene 358, 9 Greene retires before Cornwallis-Skirmishes between the Americans and British 360, 1
Battle of Guilford 362, 3
Cornwallis marches from Guilford to Wilmington-Greene follows him . 363
The Americans, under Greene, march to the vicinity of Cam- den, in South Carolina 364
"Action between Greene and Lord Rawden, near Camden 364, 5
Greene retires behind the Santee-Success of the Americans -Greene invests the post of Ninety-Six, but is forced to retire 366-8
Lord Cornwallis marches to Petersburgh, in Virginia 368, 9 The British march to James' river-Are opposed by the Americans, under the Marquis de La Fayette 370, 1
Operations between the Americans and British, in Virginia 370, 1
Lord Cornwallis takes post at Yorktown 372
Count de Grasse arrives in the Chesapeake with a French fleet -The French troops, under de Simon, debark 372
Perilous situation of the British army-Action between the French fleet, under de Grasse, and the British under Greaves-The latter retire . 372,3
Plan of operations agreed upon by the French and Americans 374-7 The American and French armies, under Washington and Rochambeau, break up their cantoments on the IIud- son, and march for Virginia 377
Yorktown invested-Lord Cornwallis surrenders to the Amer- icans and French 378-80
The British, under Arnold, make an incursion into Connec- ticut, and take New-London, &c. 380, 1. .
Hostilities commenced by the Cherokees, &c. 381,2
XV
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XII.
Pages.
After the capture of Lord Cornwallis, Washington returns to the vicinity of New-York, and encamps with his army 383, 4 General Wayne is detached by General Greene, with a body of troops, to Georgia-He defeats Colonel Brown 384, 5
Slavery, a source of weakness 385, 6
The French take Demarara, Essequibo, &c. 387
The French fleet, under Count de Grasse, defeatedby the Eng- lish, under Admiral Rodney . 387,8
John Adams negotiates a treaty, &c. with the Netherlands 388, 9
The Parliament of Great Britain recommend a discontinuance of offensive operations against the United States-New ministry formed in Great Britain-Overtures for peace, made by the British government 390-2
Massacre of the Moravian Indians, at Muskingum, by the whites-Colonel Crawford defeated by the Indians, at Sandusky® 392,3
Provisional articles of peace between Great Britain and the United States, agreed on at Paris, in November, 1782 394
"Treatment of prisoners of war-Committees of public safety, &c. : 394-9
Discharge of the American army-Seditious address by one of the subaltern officers-Washington counteracts its in- tended effects 399-401
Washington issues his farewell address to the army 402
Triumphal entry of Washington into New-York 402
Washington repairs to Annapolis in Maryland, where Con- . gress were in session, and resigns 403-6
CHAPTER XIII.
Controversy with Vermont resumed-New-York consents to relinquish all claims to Vermont-Boundary between the two states fixed 407-15
Causes which gave rise to the present greatness of the state 415 -- 8 Cession of the Genesee country to Massachusetts-Purchase of the country by Phelps and Gorham 418, 9
xvi
CONTENTS.
Pages.
419
Military lands, . .
Judge White, the pioneer of the western country, settles at Saughdaghquada, now Whitesboro 420-22 Settlements made at Onondaga Hollow, -Seneca Falls and East Cayuga, in Cayuga county 422
Cooperstown, in Otsego, founded by Judge Cooper 428
Oliver Phelps sets out from Massachusetts for the Genesee country-His arrival at Canandaigua-He negotiates a treaty, and purchases lands from the Senecas 423
Oliver Phelps founds Canandaigua-Other settlements made in the Genesee country-Road opened from Whitestown to Canandaigua, through the woods 424
Onondaga erected into a county-Population of the. western country in 1800 425-7
Emigrations to the counties in the basin of the Hudson, &c. -Obstacles thrown into the way of emigrants-Act for the sale of the unappropriated lands, &c. 427-32
CHAPTER XIV.
Religion-Literary institutions-Schools 433-5 Origin of the government of the United States, &c. 1436-40 Government of the state 440-6
A list of the colonial and state governors; &c. 446-8
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