USA > New York > A history of Long Island, from its earliest settlement to the present time > Part 76
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PRESIDENT.
Loans and Discounts.
Specie, Legal Tender and Cash Items.
U. S. Bonds to Secure Circula- tion, etc.
Other Resources.
Capital.
Net Profits.
Due Banks and Depos- itors.
Other Liabil- ities,
Total Resources and Liabilities.
First ...... J. G. Jenkins $3,170,324 $1,065,592 $ 75,000 $3,139,051 $300,000 $ 57,454 $6,024,203 $1,068,311 $7,449,971
Manufrs' . J. Loughran.
1,980,771
441,123
250,000
1,512,123
28,569, 3,273,082
630,367
4,184,021
Nat'l City . C. S. Young.
2,137.791
442,318
100,000 267,000
1,431,740
252,000 300,000 300,000
74 430 581,625
3,086,250 4.719,117
631,169
4,111,852
Nassan .... T. T. Barr ..
4,004,872
454,532
1,138,848
Sprague ..
N.T. Sprague
760,632
101,142
150,000
575,084 200,000
20,461
1,031,071
264,511 335,330
1,586,862
1882. .
$264,404,017|$19,334,300|$283,738,317
1883 ..
28q,800,597
18,135,909
298,936,506 317,853,850
1885. .
311,308,060
19,375,702
330,683,762
1886 ..
339,922,812
22,086,390
362,009,202
Fire Department
777,900
1887 ..
361,166,083 384,856,788
22,597,240
407,454,028
1889. .
407,153,135
21,330,546
428,483,681
1890 ..
430,911,794
21,846,807
452,758,601 466,914,249
1892 ..
467,112,182
16,625,947
483,738,129
2,901,930
N. Y. and Brooklyn Bridge.
7,051,819
New East River Bridge.
666,714
Wallabout Market lands.
2,469,000
Parsonages
296,600
Ministerial exemptions. Pratt Institute.
145,500
Pension exemptions.
163.774
Property held by the city under the arrears act.
590,000
Cemeteries
7,734,500
1893. .
486,531,506
19,523,170
506,054,676
1894. .
527,008,427
22,460,985
549,469,412
1895. .
540,359,686]
23,627,446
563,987,132
1896 ..
555,310,997|
27,536,636
582,847,633
Methodist Episcopal Churches ... $ 1,873,900
Presbyterian Churches. 1,132,500
Protestant Episcopal Churches. 2,501,650
Reformed Dutch Churches.
1,087,000
Unitarian Churches.
160,000
Universalist Churches
I39,000
Catholic Churches.
4,680,300
Miscellaneous Churches.
680,600
Parochial Schools
2,767,900
1884 ..
297,126,144
20,727,406
21,685,591
383,851,674
Police Department.
979,000
Department of Parks.
51,882,500
Armories
3,073,000
Public buildings and U. S. prop- erty 56,247,700
1891 ..
448,802,470
18,11I,779
Charitable institutions.
4,960,900
Public Schools 7,153,640
1888 ..
Miscellaneous
967,900
5,865,255
491
STATE BANKS, BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN. The following table shows the condition of the Brooklyn Banks of Discount and Deposit on September 15, 1897.
INSTITUTION.
LOCATION.
PRESIDENT.
Discounts.
and
Lonns
Cash Items.
Specie, Legal
Assets.
and Other
Expenses
Liabilities,
Resources
Capital.
Depositors.
Profits.
Undivided
Surplus and
Liabilities.
Other
Bedford.
Bedford av. and Halsey st ... Eugene G. Blackford .. $ 802,510 $ 148,465 $ 439,649 $1,390,624 $150,000 $1,129,154 $111,469
Broadway.
12 Graham av.
Henry Batterman.
924,468
185,344
529,659
1,639,471 100,000
I 317,938
109,117 $112.416
Brooklyn. .
Fulton st., corner Clinton ... Henry E. Hutchinson.
650,017
221,623
1,041,705
1,913,345
300,000
1,317,39]
159,426
136,528
Eighth Ward.
1002 Third av ..
John C. Kelley .
234,391
37,235
136,224
407,850
100,000
278,798
28,953
99
Fifth Avenue
317 Ninth st.
Albert P. Wells
401,574
59,130
214.082
674,786
100,000
513,580
51,543
9,663
Fulton .
361 Fulton st.
William H. Hazzard ..
712,993
180,750
406,321
1,310,064
200,000
925,626
179,991
4,447
German-American
927 Broadway .
James C. Brower .
108,992
20,341
106 806
236,139
100,000
125,032
11,107
Hamilton
79-81 Hamilton av
Frank H. Parsons .
282,021
58,835
275,056
615,912
100,000
472,562
36,853
6,497
Kings County.
12 Court st.
Oliver M. Denton. ..
654,880
117,645
176,522
949,047
150,000
682,151
87,528
29,368
Long Island.
Closed August 8, 1896
829
26,971
21,751
Mechanics
Court and Montague sts
George W. White ..
2,270,412
458,658
1,058,202
3,787,272
500,000
2,746,362
420,558
120,352
Mechanics & Traders' . 144 Franklin st.
Henry J. Oldring. ..
613,654
107,583
571,281
1,292,518
100,000
812,259
192,044
188,215
North Side.
|33-35 Grand st. .
Claus Doscher
468,640
102,045
674,098
1,244,783
100,000
1,034,240
110,542
People's
Broadway and Greene av. .
James Gascoine.
604,875
113,332
300,230
1,018,437
100,000
813,251
103,450
1,736
Schermerhorn .
335-353 Schermerhorn st .
Henry N. Whitney ...
371,458
52,163
216,669
640,290
100 000
391,968
57,873
90,448
Seventeenth Ward ...
339 Manhattan av
E. A. Walker. .
250,994
76,274
203,580
530,848
100,000
314,376
67,772
48,700
Twenth-Sixth Ward. .. 2590 Atlantic av.
Ditmas Jewell.
303,521
46,062
244,585
594,168
100,000
419,371
51,889
22,908
Union .
Court and Montague sts.
Stephen M. Griswold. .
96,091
36,354
269,230
401,675
100,000
250,105
51,570
Wallabout .
418 Myrtle av. .
Charles M. Englis .. . .
373,124
73,409
222,170
668,703
100,000
539,423
29,267
13
TRUST COMPANIES, BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN.
INSTITUTION.
LOCATION.
PRESIDENT.
Securities.
Collaterals
Loans on
with Banks.
Deposited
Hand and
Cash on
Assets.
Other
Liabilities.
Resources
Capital.
Depositors.
Dne
Profits.
Undivided
Surplus and
Liabilities.
Other
Brooklyn.
177 Montague st . C. T. Christensen .. .
$8,670,044
$1,105,336
$3,537,034
$13,312,414
$1,000,000
$10,683,637
$1,530,536 $ 96,241
Franklin .
164-6 Montague st. George H. Southard.
2.120,655
1,555,668
3,701,262
7.377,586
1,000,000
5,404,490
932,676
40,420
Hamilton .
191 Montague st . Silas B. Dutcher ....
2,503,359
685,123
2,144,982
5,333,464
500,000
4,261,305
527,694
44,465
Kings County .. 342 Fulton st. . . . Julian D. Fairchild. .
3,954.555
457,626
2,550,062
6,962,243
500,000
5,602,851
743 699
115,693
L. I. L. & T. Co. 203 Montague st . Edward Merritt ...
1,567,440
606,828
1,944.317
4,118,585
500,000
3,150,486
412,295
55,804
Manufacturers' . 198 Montague st ..
William J. Coombs ..
1,506,406
996,565
1,812,309
4,31. ,280
500,000
3,188,931
595,902
30,447
Nassau .
101 Broadway ... Andrew T. Sullivan.
1,247,831
254,452
1,570 691
3,072,974
500 000
2,241,255
271,580
60,139
People's .
172 Montague st . Felix Campbell ...
2,843,244
771,698
4,701,113
8,316,055
1,000,000
6,094,962
1,118,924
102,169
8,841
281
30.429
49,551
and
Loss,
Due
Tenders and
THE SPLENDID CLOSING RECORD.
Jand Personal
and
492
HISTORY OF LONG ISLAND.
In another division of public business the following table of the co-operative building and loan associations proves the prosperity of the working classes :
NAME.
In- corpo- rated
Assets.
Real Estate.
Afro-American
1892
$ 8,000
Atlantic
1892
118,000
Bedford .
1888
135,000
$10,000
Brooklyn and N. Y. Arcanum
1885
100,000
Brooklyn City.
1887
445,000
38,201
Brooklyn Mutual.
1883
110,000
5,500
Bushwick
1888
485,000
30,000
Columbia
1889
25,000
Eagle
1897
165,000
East Brooklyn
1885
725,000
55,000
East New York
1892
35,000
11,000
Equitable
1894
5,000
Fifth Avenue
1890
70,000
2,500
Flatbush
1889
175,000
5,987
Fort Greene
1891
85,000
1.446
Foruna
1896
3,000
Fulton
1888
100,000
7,500
German .
1886
50,000
Germania
1888
10,000
Hamilton
1889
75,000
12,060
Homestead
1889 .
120,000
7,638
Jno. H. Shults'
1888
140,000
9,402
Kings Co.
1888
600,000
21,119
Long Island
1888
450,000
16,118
Madison
1888
85,000
1,200
Model .
1.889
35,000
4,000
Nassau .
1889
225,000.
7,500
Ninth Street.
1891
25,000
People's
1895
20,000
Prospect Home
1890
100,000
4,050
South Brooklyn.
1886
650,000
34,783
Suburban
1897
5,000
Town of New Utrecht
1887
150,000
1,208
Twenty-Ninth Ward.
1895
3,500
Union .
1890
150,000
9,473
West End .
1896
2,500
Total.
$6,385,000 $315,680
Add to the assets in the above table the deposits in the savings banks on July 1, 1897, the last statement before consolidation, and the prosperity of the working classes will be further demonstrated. See table on page 493 :
In 1889 contracts were awarded by which an additional 25,000,000 gallons of water were secured to the city and five additional ponds were added to the sources of the city's water supply. These were: Massapequa, 22,500,000
gallons ; Ridgewood, 20,000,000; Newbridge, 16,500,000 ; East Meadow, 23,500,000; Mill- burn, 19,500,000 ; and Millburn storage. reser- voir, 414,000,000 gallons ; total storage capaci- ty, 516,000,000 gallons. This increased the area of the watershed from which the city's supply is drawn to 161 square miles. The main reser- voir at Ridgewood has a capacity of 320,000 gallons, and the Hempstead reservoir of 120,- 000,000. Mount Prospect pumping station, the tall and handsome structure which over- looks the Prospect Park Plaza and fits in so delightfully with its surrounding landscape, is about 200 feet above tidewater and carries water to the most elevated buildings within its territory. To most Brooklyn people the tower is the only visible evidence of the water system that presents itself. In 1895 the aver- age daily consumption of water in Brooklyn was 80,100,000 gallons.
Richard Brinsley Sheridan used to say that a man's prosperity is best known by his debts, and of the truth of that assertion Brooklyn is a splendid example. From the formation of the village government it has always been face to face with problems of extension and improvement, and after the recovery from the Civil War trouble these two problems had as- sumed steadily great proportions and the pro- portions seemingly increased each year. Money had to be raised for these requirements ; they were mainly for the future and, as it were, the future had to be mortgaged. Bonds had been freely issued for all sorts of improvements, but the steady increase in taxable values and in taxable area, and the multitude of private improvements had combined with excellent financial management to meet all the charges of interest, to repay each indebtedness on ma- turity. The great system of sewers had alone cost a fabulous amount, and schools, parks, municipal buildings, in which may be included police and fire department structures, the bridge, the water system, and the cost of an- nexation,-that is, of taking over all of Kings county,-had involved a series of financial
700,000
20,000
Excelsior
493
THE SPLENDID CLOSING RECORD.
schemes and manipulations which needed the most delicate attention at all times. How- ever, when the record was closed Brooklyn's total indebtedness was placed as follows:
County of Kings. $14,851,892.83
City of Brooklyn. 66,669,478.10
Town of New Lots. 519,820.00
Town of Flatbush.
929,000.00
Town of Gravesend
1,404,296.00
Town of Flatlands.
62,169.60
Town of New Utrecht
734,939.00
Gross debt of Borough of
Brooklyn
6,734,055.69
Less sinking fund city
of
Brooklyn
6.734,055.69
Net debt. $78,437,539.84
The bulk of the indebtedness ascribed in the above to Kings county really belonged to the city of Brooklyn, as the following analysis of the figures shows :
Refunding loan. $ 2,367,500.00
State Tax Registered. 119,000.00
Meeker Avenue Bridge. 10,000.00
Indexing and reindexing.
211,392.83
Hall of Records. I55,000.00
County Farm. .
3ยท339,000.00
Thirteenth Regiment Armory ..
490,000.00
Fourteenth Regiment Armory site $ 50,000.00
Fourteenth Regiment Armory. . 360,000.00- Public Park. 2,410,000.00
Public Building Improvement. . Paid :
250,000.00
Driveway and Parkway 3,600,000.00
Street Improvement . 1,550,000.00
Total $14,851,892.83
While we are thus groping among figures we may here reproduce the report on Brook- lyn's manufactories, prepared by Mr. Robert P. Porter, Commissioner of the Census of 1900, -- the last document of the kind in which Brooklyn could be considered as a distinct city. It would be interesting to compare the returns from the census of 1900 with those- here presented, but that computation has not yet been completed. However, the document here presented covers the section of Brook- lyn's history which is here being treated :
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Census Office, WASHINGTON, D. C., October 10, 1892.
Herewith is presented a preliminary report on the mechanical and manufacturing indus- tries of the city of Brooklyn for the year- ended May 31, 1890, prepared under the direc-
SAVINGS BANKS, JULY 1, 1897.
SAVINGS BANKS.
PRESIDENT.
Total Resources.
Due Depositors.
Surplus.
Open Accounts.
Deposits For Year.
Brevoort.
Felix Campbell.
$ 536,877
5 536,386 $
491
3,183
325,390
Brooklyn.
Bryan H. Smith .
36,534,796
31,754,373
4,780,423
56,925
8,018,548
Bushwick
Jcseph Liebmann.
1,214,533
1,171,940
42,578
4,305
581,304
City Savings.
Remsen Rushmore .. .
640,876
623,366
17,510
3.268
321,281
Dime Savings
Benj. H. Huntington.
23,208,834
21,404,470
1,804,364
55,780
5.586,774
Vacant.
2,834,643
2,615,014
219,628
7.933
1,037,333
East Brooklyn.
Darwin R. James.
2,675,033
2,466,433
228,600
9,265
869,604
Eastern District
L. E. Meeker
93.781
93,084
696
1,220
117,165
East New York
Frederick Middendorf
967,731
863,793
96,187
3,802
334,468
Germania
FrederickA. Schroeder
3,294,011
3,046,190
247,820
9,131
1,061,406
German.
Charles Naeher ..
4,192,906
3,846,828
313,765
15,221
1,625,426
Greater New York. .
J. C. Obermayer.
6,129
6,107
13
113
6,464
Greenpoint.
Timothy Perry
3,131,358
2,739.759
391,606
9,149
975,467
Kings County.
James S. Bearns.
6,184,526
5,626,204
558,322
11,074
1,649,792
South Brooklyn
Alexander E. Orr.
15,737,347
13,737,475
1,999,877
28,705
3,496,597
Williamsburgh
John Mollenhauer.
36,261,902
29,452,375
6.809,527
74,697
7,457,419
Total
$137,515,283 $119,963, 797
$17,511,407
293,771
$33,364,438
Dime Sav.of Wmsb'g'h
494
HISTORY OF LONG ISLAND.
tion of Mr. Frank R. Williams, special agent in charge of statistics of manufactures. The statements contained in this bulletin are pre- liminary and subject to modification for final report, therefore fair criticisms and sugges- tions are invited, with a view to such revision and correction as may appear necessary.
It is proposed to promptly publish bulletins for all principal cities in a form similar to this, to be followed by final reports containing data in detail respecting all industries for each city at the earliest date practicable. The to- tals presented in the complete reports will not, however, be less, and may, in a number of cases, be considerably increased. A compara- tive statement is presented for 1880 and 1890 in Table I, showing the totals under such gen- eral heads of the inquiry as are common to both census periods. Table 2 exhibits for important industries, under the general heads of "Capital employed," "Miscellaneous ex- penses," "Wages paid," "Materials used," and "Goods manufactured," all essential details of the inquiry for 1890, excepting wage statistics for the various classes of labor. employed in the respective industries.
In comparing results of the current inquiry with the returns of 1880 it will be observed that the item of "Miscellaneous expenses" is given for 1890 only. No previous census in- quiry has embraced the cost incurred in manu- facturing operations other than wages paid and materials used. Differences in method of in- quiry, as explained in this report, and the in- clusion in the Eleventh Census of certain in- dustries omitted in the Tenth Census account in part for the increases shown.
The following classes of industry were omitted in the census reports of 1880: China and pottery, decorating; druggists' prepara- tions, not including prescriptions ; millinery, custom work; women's dressmaking, custom work.
The totals stated for 1890, in Table I, are increased as follows by the inclusion of the in- dustries referred to :
TOTALS FOR INDUSTRIES OMITTED IN 1880, BUT INCLUDED IN 1890.
Number of establishments reported 1,088 "Capital invested .$1,074,910
Number of hands employed. 3.704 Wages paid. $1,505,515
Cost of materials used 2,310,375
Miscellaneous expenses. $ 208,063 Value of product at works. 4,102,761
To ascertain the amounts for comparison with the totals of 1880, the foregoing figures should be subtracted from the totals stated in Table I for 1890, and the percentage of in- crease would then appear as follows :
PERCENTAGES OF INCREASE.
Number of establishments reported ... 82.14
Capital invested. 102.40
Number of hands employed. IIO.IO
Wages paid. 168.91
Cost of materials used. .
4.59
Value of product at works. 38.04
Population of city. 42.30
Assessed valuation of city. 91.06
Decrease of municipal debt less sink- fund 8.94
A striking feature of these returns is the satisfactory increase in the number of estab- lishments reported. Still more gratifying is the increase during the decade in the number of hands employed and the amount of wages paid; the wages have increased not only actu- ally, but relatively, the average wages per hand increasing from $473 in 1880 to $605 in 1890, or 27.91 per cent.
Part of this increase is undoubtedly due to the fact that in many industries relatively more men were employed in 1890 and less children ; and also to the fact that in ten years many branches of industry have improved the grades of their products, and for this reason require more skilled and higher paid employes. After making all possible allowance for these changes, for the more thorough enumeration of 1890, and for the advance in quantity of manufactured product, we have a decided rela- tive increase in the amount paid in wages be- tween 1880 and 1890.
The comparatively small increase in the total value of materials used is principally due to the decreased volume of manufactures re- ported for the refining of sugar and molasses, an industry in which the cost of materials far exceeds all other elements in the cost of pro- duction.
In 1880 the value of product reported for this industry by all establishments was $59,- 711,168, the value of materials used being $56,423,868, or 94.49 per cent. of the value of product. The value of product reported
495
THE SPLENDID CLOSING RECORD.
by 8 establishments in 1890 is $16,629,982, and of materials used $13,317,789, or 80.08 per cent. of the value of product.
Attention is called to the presentation of labor and wage statistics. The "average wages" paid to all classes employed has always proved a stumbling block in census reports. It is believed the Eleventh Census, in obtain- ing data to show the classification of labor employed, the average term of employment, the various rates of wages per week, and the average number of men, women and children, respectively employed at each rate in the var- ious classes, has taken a step in advance, which will be shown in detail in final reports, and appreciated by students of these data.
ROBERT P. PORTER, Superintendent of Census.
The act of Congress approved March I, 1889, providing for the Eleventh Census, di- rects the Superintendent of Census to investi- gate and ascertain the statistics of the manu- facturing industries of the country. By virtue of the authority conferred by section 18 of the said act, the collection of statistics of all estab- lishments of productive industry located in certain cities and towns was withdrawn from enumerators and assigned to special agents, who were appointed and entered upon their duties as soon after the completion of the work assigned the general enumerators as was prac- ticable.
The instructions issued by this office to enumerators and special agents relating to the
collection of statistics of manufactures were as follows:
It shall be their duty personally to visit every establishment of productive industry in their respective districts (except as noted) and to obtain the required information in the case of each manufacturing establishment.
The term "establishment of productive in- dustry" must be understood in its broadest ense to embrace not only mills and factories, but also the operation of all small establish- ments and the mechanical trades.
Restaurants, saloons, barber shops, the compounding of individual prescriptions by druggists and apothecaries, the operations of mercantile establishments, transportation cor- porations and lines, and professional services (except mechanical dentistry) are not consid- ered as coming within the meaning of the law in this connection.
Great care must be taken by special agents and enumerators to guard against the omis- sion from their returns of any establishment that comes properly within the scope of this investigation. * * * They should have their eyes open to every indication of the presence of productive industry and should supplement personal observation by frequent and persistent inquiry.
The tabulated statements presented here- with include only establishments which report- ed a product of $500 or more in value during the census year, and, so far as practicable, only those establishments operating works lo- cated within the corporate limits of the city.
TABLE 1 .- COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF TOTALS UNDER GENERAL HEADS OF INQUIRY: 1890 AND 1890.
INDUSTRIES.
Number industries reported.
Number establish- ments reporting.
Capital. (@)
Hands employed.
Wages paid.
Cost of materials used.
All Industries
( 1800 / 1890
180 229
5,201 10,561
$ 61,646,749 125,849,052
47,587 103,683
$22,487.457 61,975,702
$129,085,091 137,325,749
MUNICIPAL DATA.
INDUSTRIES.
Miscellaneous expenses. (6)
Value of product.
Population.
Assessed valuation.
Municipal debt. (c)
All industries.
5 1880 { 1890
$14,824,466
$177.223,142 248,750,184
566,663 806,343
$232,925,699 445,038,201
$38,040,000 34,639,542
a The value of hired property is not included for 1890, because it was not reported in 1880.
b No inquiry in 1880 relating to "Miscellaneous expenses."
c The amount stated represents the "net debt" or the total amount of municipal debt less sinking fund.
496
HISTORY OF LONG ISLAND.
For the purpose of ready comparison Table I presents the statistics of 1880 and 1890 in the form of publication used in the reports for 1880. In comparing industrial statistics for 1880 and 1890 it should be borne in mind, as stated by the Superintendent of Census, that radical changes have been made in 1890 as well in the form and scope of inquiry as in the method of presentation.
The form of question respecting capital used at the census of 1880 was as follows : "Capital (real and personal) invested in the business." It became evident from the results then obtained that this question was neither sufficiently comprehensive nor properly under- stood, and therefore the full amount of capi- tal employed in productive industry was not reported, thus forming an erroneous basis for deductions.
The present census inquiry respecting capi- tal is intended to comprehend all the property or assets strictly pertaining to a manufacturing business, whether such property is owned, borrowed or hired. The value of hired prop- erty is not included in the amount stated for 1890 in Table I, because it was not reported in 1880, and its inclusion would therefore ren- der the comparison misleading. It will, how- ever, be specifically stated for each industry in final reports.
TABULAR STATEMENTS FOR 1890.
The various subheads into which the in- quiry of 1890 is divided, excepting wage sta- tistics by classes, will be found in Table 2 for important industries. The statements for each industry are intended to present the true amount of capital employed, the amount paid in wages, and the number of hands employed in the respective industries, the cost of mate- rials used, miscellaneous expenses, and the value at the works of goods manufactured, as compiled from individual reports of manufac- turers.
LABOR EMPLOYED AND WAGES PAID.
In the form of inquiry used in the Eleventh Census respecting labor, and wages the classi- fied occupation and wage system was adopted. Officers or firm members engaged in produc- tive labor or supervision of the business con- stitute one class, for which the wages reported are those which would be paid to employes performing similar service. Clerical labor is embraced by distinct classification, also piece- work.
Wage workers proper are divided into two .. classes, as follows :
First. Operatives, engineers, and other skilled workmen, overseers and foremen or superintendents (not general superintendents or managers).
Second. Watchmen, laborers, teamsters, and other unskilled workmen.
It should be noted that the first class in- cludes all operatives, that is, those directly en- gaged in productive labor as well as skilled mechanics, while the second class includes all unskilled workmen other than operatives. The questions required a statement of the average number of men, women and children, respec- tively, employed during the year in each class, also the actual amount of wages paid to each. number.
A statement was requested showing the various rates of wages per week, the average number of men, women and children, respec- tively, employed at each rate, exclusive of those reported as employed on piecework, and the actual term of operation for the establish- ment reporting. The wage statistics compiled from the reports obtained will be stated in de- tail for each class in the final reports to be published for each city. In this bulletin only the aggregate wages paid is given.
MATERIALS USED AND GOODS MANUFACTURED.
Against the caption "Materials used" is presented the reported cost at the place of con- sumption of all materials used, and against "Goods manufactured" is the reported market value at the factory of the total product, not including any allowance for commissions or expenses of selling.
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