USA > New York > Albany County > Albany > Albany bi-centennial. Historical memoirs > Part 24
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The envoys bowed low in acknowledgment of the mayor's greeting. The mayor again shook hands with his guests, who were introduced to the American Hollanders present. After a few moments of con- versation the party proceeded to the square and entered the carriages provided to participate in the procession.
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THE CIVIC DAY PARADE. GENERAL ORDERS.
HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, CIVIC DAY PARADE. ALBANY, July 20, 1886.
Orders No. 2 :
I. The following are hereby appointed aides on the division staff: Caughnawaga chief, Capt. Charles H. Wolston, Frederick C. Baker, Albion Ransom, Jr., Harry Simmons, R. V. Stevens, Robert F. Macfarlane, C. C. Mackey, W. J. Hall and F. H. Case. They will be obeyed and respected accordingly.
II. Headquarters for Wednesday morning are hereby established at corner North Pearl and State streets, where the staff will report, mounted, at 8 : 30 o'clock sharp, to chief of staff.
By order H. B. ANABLE, Marshal.
G. JAMES GREENE, Chief of Staff.
I. Having been appointed marshal of the eighth division on civic day parade, July 21, 1886, I hereby assume command.
II. Captain Joseph Fisher is hereby appointed chief of staff.
III. All parties who have been assigned to the above division will, at the earliest moment, notify the marshal or chief of staff, in order that they may be assigned a place in line.
IV. The following are hereby appointed aides to the marshal, and will report to the chief of staff: L. B. Combs, A. D. Brink, E. Brumaghim, G. E. Latham, F. N. Sisson, Sol Davis and Frank Herrick.
FRANK J. CHILDS, Marshal. CAPT. JOSEPH FISHER, Chief of Staff.
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THE UNCONDITIONALS.
HEADQUARTERS UNCONDITIONAL CLUB, 1 COR. NORTH PEARL AND STEUBEN STS., ALBANY, July, 15, 1886.
Paragraph I. Having been elected marshal of the Unconditional Republican club for the Bi-centennial civic day parade, I hereby assume command.
Paragraph II. The members of this club are hereby requested to assemble at the club rooms Wednesday, July 21, at 8 : 30 A. M. sharp, for parade. Line will be formed at nine A. M.
Paragraph III. Uniform will consist of dark clothes, black derby hat, cane, white necktie and white gloves.
Paragraph IV. The club has been assigned an important position in line and it is essential that all should report promptly at the hour named.
By order, OSCAR SMITH, Marshal.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
HEADQUARTERS ALBANY FIRE DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER, ALBANY, July 17, 1886.
The officers, hosemen and laddermen of the depart- ment are required to observe the following instruc- tions on the occasion of the parade and inspection of the department Wednesday, July 21, 1886. The uniform to consist of black pants, red shirts, uniform hats and belts and white gloves. Every officer, hose- man and ladderman is expected to parade ; absentees must be reported. At 9: 15 A. M. one blow will be given upon the engine-house gongs and bell strikers as a signal to drivers to attach the horses to the
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apparatus. At 9: 30 A. M. one blow will be given upon the engine-house gongs and bell strikers, as a signal to companies to leave their respective houses. Foremen of companies are particularly enjoined to have their companies on the ground of formation promptly. No portion of the apparatus will be per- mitted to leave the line in case of an alarm of fire, except by special orders to that effect. Foremen of companies are hereby directed to report to the chief immediately upon their arrival upon the ground of formation. No decoration of any description will be allowed upon the apparatus. By order of the com- missioners.
JAMES MCQUADE, Chief Engineer.
THE PARADE.
At 9: 30 A. M., the bell in the city hall gave notice that columns must form immediately. The divisions were formed as follows :
First division-Independent organizations, North Pearl street, right on State.
Second division-Secret societies and floats, South Pearl street, right on State.
Third division-Political clubs, State street, right on Pearl.
Fourth division-Bobbing clubs, James street, right on State.
Fifth division-Visiting firemen, right on State.
Sixth division-Visiting firemen, Green street, in rear of fifth division.
Seventh division-Albany fire department, South Broadway, right on State.
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Eighth division-Trades and floats, North Broad- way, right on Clinton avenue.
FORMATION OF COLUMN.
The formation of the line was as follows :
Mounted police; skirmishers; Major James O. Woodward, grand marshal; Col. John S. McEwan, chief of staff; Maj. Lewis Balch, adjutant of staff; Col. Frederick Andes, Col. John S. Robbins, Col. Edmund L. Gaul, Col. Jacob C. Cuyler, Maj. Chas. H. Stott, jr., Capt. Samuel Mckeever, U. S. A., Capt. W. E. Milbank, Capt. M. L. Earing, Capt. Albert Albers, Lieut. Robert H. Patterson, U. S. A., Lieut. A. C. Judson, Elliott Danforth, Edwy L. Taylor, Jeremiah Kieley, Edward Perry, George S. Gregory, Edward J. Brennan, Albert C. Goodwin, Reuben H. Clark, Emil Rosche, John Kinnary, George C. Kimball, Fred L. Classen, Justus R. Has- well, Geo. W. Stedman, Capt. A. H. Spierre, Maj. Henry C. Littlefield, Frank Wright, John C. Conner, A. F. Brown, David J. Norton, George W. Smith, Benj. Bamer, Indian Chieftain Joseph, Frank W. Dounds; executive committee, civic day, A. McD. Shoemaker, chairman; the Holland society of New York, Judge C. Van Voist, chairman; local com- mittee of Holland society, vice-president, Albert Vander Veer, chairman ; delegates from Holland.
FIRST DIVISION.
Marshal H. B. Anable commanding; G. James Green, adjutant, and staff, Capt. Charles H. Wolston, Frederick C. Baker, Albion Ransom, jr., Harry Sim-
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mons, R. V. Stevens, Robert F. McFarlane, C. C. Mackey, W. J. Hall, F. H. Case.
Mayor Thacher, ex-Mayor Banks and Dr. Coster, the official representative of the Hague, rode in a carriage at the head of the first division.
Twenty-first regiment band of Poughkeepsie; Burgesses corps, as escort to mayor and council committee on public celebration, Galen R. Hitt, chairman ; common council of the city ; city officials ; Bi-centennial committee, who followed in carriages : Gen. Robert Lenox Banks, Aldermen Hitt, Norton, Fuller, McCann, Greagan, Harris, Donohue, Fleming, Klaar; City Chamberlain, Charles A. Hills ; Common Council clerk, Martin Delehanty; Street Commis- sioner Russ, Judge Van Vorst of New York, president of the Holland society, the Rev. Dr. Ten Eyck of New Brunswick, Dr. Albert Vander Veer, the Hon. G. Van Nostrand of Nyack, Theodore V. Van Heusen, James D. Wynkoop, Andrew Van Santvoord of New York, and Mr. Van Schaick of Cobleskill, City Surveyor Horace E. Andrews. G. A. Van Allen, William M. Van Antwerp, J. Townsend Lansing and Matthias Bissikummer, president of the German com- mittee; Frank Froelich, vice-president; Emmanuel Labishiner, secretary; Wm. Grandpre, assistant sec- retary ; John Zimmerman, treasurer; Louis Schupp, assistant treasurer; Peter Lasch, Fred. Stackman, Max Kurth, John Haak, John Rummel, F. Lange, Henry Henzel, Charles W. Mueller, Andrew Amend, August Wecka, Victor Kennel, John Kurtz, Casper Muelick.
Indians ; Scotch band, New York; St. Andrew's
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society ; Caledonian societies in Highland costumes ; visiting Scotch societies; float, Boatman's Relief association, ship with sailors; float, ancient windmill and millers; float, the first locomotive, Delaware & Hudson Canal company ; band; Indians, with escort; German band of Poughkeepsie; German singing societies in regalia ; Eintracht singing society ; float, " Mozart ; " Harmonia society ; float; Cæcelia singing society, float; Liederkranz singing society, float; German societies, with floats; French societies, with floats; Irish societies, with floats ; visiting divisions, United Irishmen of America; other independent associations.
SECOND DIVISION.
Marshal H. H. Russ, jr., commanding; F. W. Sarauw, adjutant, and staff, Howard B. Hacket, Dr. R. J. Verplank, James Hacket, A. W. La Rose, J. Keenholts, C. P. Roberts; Germania band of Pitts- field, Mass .; Patriarchs Militant, Uniformed Odd Fellows, Canton Nemo, No. I, of Albany; visiting Cantons from Troy, Amsterdam and other places; emblematic floats, Friendship, Love, Truth; band; Ancient Order of United Workmen, Select Knights, Scanton Legion, East Albany, in full regalia, Capt. Philip Smith, commanding ; visiting Knights, Ancient Order of the Iron Hall, emblematic float, Pyramid of . States, the Order in full regalia; band; Knights of Pythias, Albany Division, No. 2, V. R. K. of P., in the full regalia of the Order; emblematic float, local lodges as escort to float, visiting uniformed divisions, visiting lodges.
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THIRD DIVISION.
Marshal Edward D. Ronan, commanding; W. A. Wallace, adjutant, and staff, J. L. Ten Eyck, John Durning, Fred. E. Wadhams, Dr. W. J. Nellis, Lewis W. Pratt; band; Unconditional club; Toohey asso- ciation ; athletes in carriages ; Sons of Veterans ; Lan- singburgh post, C. H. Nason commander ; A. B. Uline association ; Catholic Benevolent legion ; Ancient Order of Hibernians; local and visiting divisions ; Burdette-Coutts association ; social and other organi- zations ; floats.
FOURTH DIVISION.
Marshal Fred Ewing commanding; Charles H. Clapper adjutant, and staff, Edward Ewing, A. B. Kiernan, J. H. Mulligan and others; City band of Plattsburgh; bobbing associations in uniform, with decorated bobs; Brooklyn Bridge club; Dasha- way club, '84; May Blossom club; Jolly Eight club; O'Donovan Rossa club; Monitor, Deerfoot, Avalanche, Minnie S., Laura C. clubs. Visiting snow shoe clubs; visiting bobbing clubs in uniform with decorated bobs.
FIFTH DIVISION.
Visiting firemen, Assistant Engineer J. C. Griffin commanding; Maschke's band, of Troy; Arba Read steamer company, of Troy; Eddy steamer company, of Troy; Volunteer steamer company, of Troy; Wilber hose company, of Oneonta, N. Y., with hose carriage; steamer company, Oneonta, N. Y .; Sand- lake band: J. N. Ring steamer company, of Green- bush, steamer and hose carriage; band of Rutland ;
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Reynolds hose drill company, of Rutland, Vt .; drum corps; Van Vranken hose company, of Schenectady, with hose carriage; McCreary hose drill company, of Cohoes, N. Y.
SIXTH DIVISION.
Visiting firemen, Assistant Engineer George E. Mink commanding; band of New York; Mazeppa hose company, of New York, with ancient hose carriage; Patrick Gibney, foreman of old engine No. 25; Isaac Bush, assistant foreman of old hose No. 13; Brooklyn volunteer firemen, with ancient cart; Mechanics' hook and ladder company, Glovers- ville, N. Y., with truck; Glasshouse band; C. A. Bailly hook and ladder company No. I, Bath- on-Hudson, T. A. Carpenter, foreman, with truck; drum corps; Niagara engine company, of Schoharie, with carriage; steamer company No. I, of Hudson ; hose company of Whitehall.
SEVENTH DIVISION.
Board of fire commissioners of the city of Albany in carriages ; clerk of department and superintendent of fire alarm telegraph. First subdivision: Tenth Regiment band; Chief of Department McQuade and assistants; steamer company No. I, S. V. B. Swann, foreman; steamer company No. 2, George S. Tice, foreman; truck company No. I, B. M. Fredendal, foreman; steamer company No. 3, John J. Hughes, foreman; float containing an old engine of Philadelphia, 1748; steamer No. I and hose carriage; steamer No. 2 and hose carriage; truck
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No. 1; steamer No. 3 and hose carriage; reserve steamer and hose carriage. Second subdivision : Steamer company No. 4, Charles E. Marshall, fore- man; steamer company No. 5, E. J. Keating, fore- man; steamer company No. 6, John A. Burns, fore- man ; steamer company No. 7, M. C. Clark, foreman ; steamer company No. 8, W. J. Smith, foreman ; steamer No. 4 and hose carriage; steamer No. 5 and hose carriage; truck No. 2; steamer No. 6 and hose carriage ; steamer No. 7 and hose carriage; steamer No. 8 and hose carriage ; the " Geyser " water tower.
EIGHTH DIVISION.
Tradesmen with their wagons and floats, Marshal Frank J. Childs commanding ; Captain Joseph Fisher, adjutant, and staff, L. B. Comb, A. D. Brink, Eugene Brumaghim, G. E. Latham, F. N. Sisson, Sol. Davis and Frank Herrick.
CLOSING THE REGATTA.
The rain threatened for a time about noon, to interfere with the events of the day, but at about I : 30 o'clock the clouds broke away and the sun came out. Governor Hill attended, accompanied by several friends.
THE DOUBLE SCULLS.
The first event on the card was for double sculls, these crews being entered with positions in the order named: 1. C. Hopkins, bow, H. A. Viets, stroke, Laureates of Troy ; 2. Thomas H. and M. F. Mona- han, Albany rowing club; 3. J. F. Cumming, D. J.
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Murphy, Crescents of Boston; 4. John F. Korf, W. Weinaud, Delawares of Chicago.
All four got away to an even start, the Monahans cutting out the pace and taking the lead, with the Chicago men second, Laureates third and Crescents last. This order was maintained for a mile, when the Monahans and Chicago men took the race to them- selves and fought it out toward the east shore, the other doubles hugging the west shore. Entering on the last half the Delawares passed to the front, and, notwithstanding the Monahans made a gallant effort, won in 9: 18}, the Monahans being second in 9: 19.
The second event was the first trial heat of pair- oars. The starters and positions were: I. E. C. Stewart, bow, W. W. Smith, stern, Atlantas of New York; 2. George D. Phillips, M. T. Hard, New York Athletics; 3. F. Freeman, J. Weldon, Eurekas, Newark, N. J.
The Eurekas took the lead from the word " go," and pulling out a length to the goal maintained their lead entirely throughout, winning by three open lengths in 10: 30. The Atlantas quit at the end of the first quarter.
The second heat of pair-oars brought out these scullers : 1. J. H. Clegg and F. B. Standish of the Excelsiors, Detroit; 2. C. Lee Andrews and J. C. Livingston of the New York Athletic club; 3. Robert McCann and William S. Mosely of the Mutuals of Albany.
The New York pair took the lead, the Mutuals pair second and the Excelsiors third. These positions were unchanged to the first quarter, when the Mutuals drop-
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ped to the rear and continued there to the last quarter, when the Excelsiors took the lead. At this point the New Yorks pulled out of their course toward the west shore, allowing the Mutuals to take second place. The Excelsiors, continuing on, won the race by six lengths in 9: 57, the Mutuals time being 10: 182. The cause of the New Yorks pulling out of the race, became evident when the shell neared the west shore, and C. Lee Andrews, the bow oar, fainted. He was assisted out and carried into the pavilion, where medi- cal aid was summoned.
Next was the final heat of junior singles in which the winners of the four trial heats on Tuesday com- peted. They were: I. H. Howland of the Cornell University navy; 2. John F. Daily of the Bradfords, Boston ; 3. F. G. McDougall, of the New York Ath- letics ; 4. M. T. Quigley of the Institutes, Newark.
McDougall got away with a slight advantage at the start, but was soon overhauled by Howland, the others being close up. After an exciting finish Howland won in 10: 08, Quigley's time being 10: 09} and McDougall's 10: 25. There were but two com- petitors in the junior four-oared. J. E. Knox, Harry Pierce, F. H. Thompson and Joseph Wright of the Torontos and Homer L. Brayton, John J. Travis, Dominick Fitzpatrick, jr., and John J. Moran of the Albany rowing club. The Canadians won easily in 8 : 30, the Albany's time being 8 : 38.
THE BATTLE OF THE SENIORS.
The sixth event of the day, the final heat of senior singles, was the most interesting and exciting of the
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day. It brought together Mulcahy, Monahan and Nowlan of Albany, J. F. Corbett of the Farraguts of Chicago and J. J. Donohue of the Nautilus of Hamil- ton, Ontario. Corbett had the inside position, with the others in this order: Nowlan, Mulcahy, M. F. Monahan and Donohue. Mulcahy was quickest in getting away, with Nowlan second, Donohue third, Corbett fourth and Monahan last. At the mile Donohue still led with Corbett second, when Mona- han put forth his reserve and came down the last half mile like a race horse, passing Donohue and Corbett with ease, and winning by a half dozen lengths in 9: 33, Corbett second in 9: 47, Mulcahy third in IO: 08, Donohue fourth in 10: 49 and Nowlan last in II : 143. This victory made Monahan the senior champion of American amateurs.
THE FINAL EVENT.
In the first heat of pairs the Eurekas of Newark won easily from the Excelsiors of Detroit in 9 : 332, the latter's time being 9: 56. The Fairmounts of Philadelphia, Columbias of Washington and Concords of Boston competed in the eight-oared race. The Fairmounts who had the inside course led from start to finish, with the Concords second, and won in 8 : 49, the Concord's time being 9: 033, and the Columbias 9 : 20. The prizes were presented to the successful oarsmen in the common council chamber in the eve- ning, the presentation address being made by Hon. Francis H. Woods.
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THE PAGEANT.
HEADQUARTERS OF THE HISTORICAL PAGEANT, July 21, 1886.
General Orders :
I. The following are announced as additional aides to the chief marshal: Captain Edgar V. Denison and Lieutenants James M. Ruso, L. H. Washburn and Russell Lyman. They will be obeyed and re- spected accordingly.
II. All police arrangements will receive the per- sonal attention of Chief of Police Willard and the captains of the several precincts.
III. In accordance with a proclamation issued by His Honor Mayor John B. Thacher, all fireworks or explosives of any character along the line of march are strictly prohibited and offenders will be dealt with according to the letter of the law.
IV. The Tenth regiment band and the Albany city band, consolidated, are hereby assigned to the right of the line and the Twenty-first regiment band to the right of the third division. They will report to the chief of staff at eight o'clock sharp at the pageant building.
V. The staff will report, mounted, at 7: 45 P. M. sharp, at the northeast entrance of Washington park, and proceed thence to the pageant building. Uni- form, white helmet with spike, blue blouse and white gloves.
VI. All figurantes must be costumed and ready to report for duty at their several headquarters at 7: 30 P. M.
VII. The parade will start at 8 : 30 P. M. sharp, over
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the following route: Washington avenue to Lark, Lark to State, State to Eagle, Eagle to Washington avenue (where it will be reviewed at the reviewing stand by His Excellency Governor David B. Hill and staff, and His Honor, Mayor John B. Thacher), Washington avenue to Knox, Knox to State, State to Willett, Willett to Hudson avenue, Hudson avenue to Pearl, Pearl to Clinton avenue, Clinton avenue to Lark, where it will be reviewed by the grand marshal and staff and dismissed.
VIII. The formation of the column will be as fol- lows :
Platoon of Police, Tenth regiment and Albany City bands consolidated; Grand Marshal and staff.
FIRST DIVISION.
Major H. L. Washburn, commanding, and aides ; Float No. 1, Emblem ; Float No. 2, Discovery ; Float No. 3, The Northmen; Float No. 4, Landing of Columbus.
SECOND DIVISION.
Capt. Wm. E. Milbank, commanding, and aides ; Float No. 5, Fort Orange; Float No. 6, First Land Purchasers; Float No. 7, Dutch Legends; Float No. 8, The King's Charter.
THIRD DIVISION.
Twenty-first Regiment band ; Capt. Harry C. Cush- man, commanding, and aides; Float No. 9, The Dongan Charter; Float No. 10, A Home Scene ; Float ). II, Schenectady Massacre; Float No. 12, Surrender of Burgoyne.
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FOURTH DIVISION.
Capt. Wm. M. Whitney, jr., commanding, and aides; Float No. 13, Attack on Schuyler Mansion ; Float No. 14, Wedding Scene, Van Rensselaer Schuy- ler ; Float No. 15, Erie Canal completed ; Float No. 16, Past, Present, Future.
IX. Commandants of Divisions will see that the following distances are maintained: Between divis- ions one hundred and twenty-five feet and between floats ninety feet.
X. Commandant of police is especially charged with seeing that no advertising or other decorated wagon is permitted within one block of the last float.
By command of
LIEUT. JAMES H. MANNING, Grand Marshal. CAPT. HENRY B. DIAMOND, Chief of Staff.
In the gathering twilight the army of sightseers began to mass its squadrons in front of the high stock- ade enclosing Col. De Leon's factory and thousands poured in from all quarters until one solid mass filled Washington avenue and Lark street at all points commanding a view of the structure. Within the stockade all was darkness and silence, while the garrison of workmen made final preparations for moving. As soon as the preliminaries were com- pleted a breach was made in the high wooden wall and the advance guard of spectators gazed upon a chaos of shapeless masses dimly outlined within the dark enclosure. This first movement stimulated the excitement in the rear portions of the mass, which attempted to force its way to the scene of action and
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taxed the muscles and patience of the little band of picked officers to hold it in check.
ARRANGING THE PAGEANT.
Once started, the gorgeous fabrics emerged from their birthplace in a steady stream until all were in position, the first at the corner of State and Lark streets and the last in front of the stockade. Directly the floats had taken positions the work of spacing and illuminating the gorgeous spectacle began. Mar- shal Manning, through the agency of Chief of Staff Henry B. Diamond, distributed his aides along the line and enlarged it until the prescribed ninety feet intervened between each float. The marshal wore a helmet with a flowing plume, and the staff the Na- tional guard regulation helmet and blouses. The assistant marshals were :
Capt. H. L. Washburn, Dr. W. E. Milbank, Capt. Harry C. Cushman, Wm. M. Whitney, Jr., and the aides : Eugene Brumaghim, Lawrence J. Prince, G. Edward Graham, Dr. Maurice J. Lewi, Fred C. Ham, J. Howard Browne, Robert G. Scherer, William H. McNaughton, Peter A. Stephens, Fred L. Mix, Finley S. Hayes, James M. Ruso, T. C. DeLeon, Russell Lyman, L. H. Washburn, Charles R. Carroll, Capt. Edgar V. Denison, J. W. Cox, jr., Buel C. Andrews, Howard Paddock, Dr. Wm. Hailes, Fred W. Wad- hams, Walter D. Frothingham, Edward R. Perry.
THE START.
After half an hour's steady work the pageant was ready to move. Every torch-bearer was in position
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and every one of the illuminators, with haversack well filled with red fire, was at his post. The figurantes were all picturesquely grouped and the order for moving was passed. As the line moved down State street the spectacle presented was singularly beauti- ful. To the spectators standing in the middle of the street directly in the line of march the approaching column appeared shrouded in a crimson halo. The handsomely-uniformed staff upon their high-stepping horses appeared in strong relief upon a blood-red background, while looming up amid the volumes of radiant smoke the floats appeared like visions from fairyland. The smoke from the red fire, fading to a faint pink as it rose, capped the most splendid spec- tacle ever seen in the Northern States.
As the great pageant approached and passed in review it presented these pictures :
THE EMBLEM : The first float was indeed introduc- tory. The idea of city government was symbolized by the representation of Albany's civic shield. From a base showing the national colors, rises on each side a trophy representing the national shield, surmounted by every flag that has found a home in Albany. In front and in rear are shields bearing the arms of the State of New York. The familiar farmer and the In- dian appear in stately posture with faces looking in opposite directions, while over the civic shield floats a sloop. This Indian is sitting upon a huge rock, bow in hand. The farmer has in his hand a sickle. The shield is gold embossed, and from its upper background of silver appear the busy beaver and his tree. The golden wheat sheaves loomed up beauti-
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fully in their rich green background, and the entire tableaux was a fitting and successful introduction.
SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY: This second float was an inspiration ; a glittering dream. From the sea, im- mense and boundless upon a gigantic wave, lightly floats a broad bejeweled shell: and standing central in this is a female representing the genius of discov- ery, her brilliant eyes gazing intently into space, and her erect form betokening that determination which sees no impossibilities. In her right hand is a sextant, and about her dash silvery foam and golden shafts of light. Her glittering diadem typifies success, and beside her are two waiting sisters, beautiful attend- ants. Dolphins sport before the shallop, and the floating debris indicates land to leeward.
THE NORTHMEN: The element of time now arrives and the hardy Northmen of nearly nine centuries ago appear. Their war vessel is massive, the mast clumsy, the waters icy, and the sea dreary. Sword in hand, at the bow stands Lief, son of King Erie, a picture of stern purpose and physical power, gray bearded, peering into the dim distance. Heavy, sinewy men row hard, as did their fellows who came to Newport and left their mural monuments. The rowers are picturesquely clad in skins trimmed with gold, and their arms remind one of Roman conquest. Bare- armed, brown-visaged and with flowing locks, they are a hardy and strangely interesting crew.
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