USA > New York > Livingston County > American agriculturalist farm directory and reference book, Monroe and Livingston Counties, New York : a rural directory and reference book including a road map of Monroe and Livingston Counties, 1917 > Part 21
USA > New York > Monroe County > American agriculturalist farm directory and reference book, Monroe and Livingston Counties, New York : a rural directory and reference book including a road map of Monroe and Livingston Counties, 1917 > Part 21
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WOOLSTON, DANIEL (Della) 2ach "Woolston Homestead" farmer (po- tatoes grain) O 200a rd1 Pittsford Perinton' tn H81.
WOOLTON, FREDERICK ( Minnie) 5mch farmer (berries) O 3a Web- ster Webster tn H69.
WORBOY, FRED J. (Ada) 1mch farmer "Meadow Brook" (peaches) O 50a rd2 Hilton Greece tn T H8. WORBOYS, CHAS. s. (Martha) "Beattie Farm" farmer ( fruit grain stock) WOS 145a rd4 Char- lotte Greece tn T H271/8.
WORBOYS, JOHN 2mch farmer (ap- ples peaches) O 32a rd2 Hilton Greece tn T H3.
WORDEN, BARNES B. (Mary) farmer O 56a rd2 Spencerport Par- ma tn T H54.
WORDEN, DEWEY (Georgia) 3mch farmer O 159a Chili Station Chili tn H48.
WORDEN, F. W. (Ida B.) "Pleasant Valley Farm" farmer O 70a rd1 Rochester Junction Mendon tn T H56.
WORDEN, JOHN L. (Mabel M.) 3mch farmer (wheat beans) WOS 250a rd1 W Rush Rush tn H3318. WORDEN, LOUIS (Emma) 2mch painter (vegetables) O 3a Hilton Parma tn H20.
WORLAND, JOSEPH (Beatrice) farmer (wheat potatoes) O 55a rd3 Spencerport Ogden tn T H47.
WORTHING, ALMEYRON (Matilda L.) farmer (grain potatoes) O 86a rd1 Fairport Perinton tn T H23. WORTHING, GEO. D. (Mattie) painter (vegetables) O 4a rd2 Fair- port Perinton tn T H451/8.
WORTHING, RAY B. (Helen) post master (truck) O 11a E Rochester Perinton tn H41/8.
WRIGHT, ADELBERT (Mina) 7mch farmer (potatoes beans) O 10a rd1 Walker Hamlin tn H49.
WRIGHT, ALVIN (Belle) 3mch farmer (fruit grain) O 115a Hilton Parma tn T H3.
WRIGHT, CHAS. (Dora) farmer (grain fruit) O 85a Walker Hamlin tn T H39.
WRIGHT, C. H. (Etta) farmer (truck) O 12a Webster Webster tn H60.
WRIGHT, DUFAY (Emma) farmer (apples poultry) O 117a Webster Webster tn T H10.
WRIGHT, EARL (Hazel) farmer (apples) O 60a rd1 Webster Web- ster tn T H10.
WRIGHT, FRED ( Mary ) 6mch painter and farmer (berries) 0 6a Webster Webster tn H69.
WRIGHT, GLENN (Louina) 1mch farmer (grain beans cabbage) rd.1 Hamlin Hamlin tn T H38 1-3.
WRIGHT, GIFFORD (Florence) farmer (grain) WOS 110a Hilton T H28.
WRIGHT, GRANT (Helen) farmer (grain fruit) O 92a rd1 Walker Hamlin tn T H50.
WRIGHT, HIRAM (May) 2mch sale stables farmer (fruit wheat) O 80a rd1 Webster T H9.
WRIGHT, H. M. ( Elmira) 2mch farmer (fruit grain) O 107a Hilton Parma tn T H19.
WRIGHT, JAMES A. (Emma L.) 2mch farmer (berries potatoes) O 15a rd3 Webster Penfield tn H38.
WRIGHT, JOHN S. farmer (fruit poultry) O 80a rd1 Barnard Greece tn T H61.
WRIGHT, LAWRENCE (Ruby) 2mch farmer (fruit) O 34a rd2 Walker Parma tn T H29.
WRIGHT, MARTIN K. (Annie) 3mch farmer (corn potatoes oats) R H&L rd1 Spencerport Ogden tn T H26.
WRIGHT, PHILLIP (Jennie) farm- er (grain fruit) WOS 67a Hamlin Hamlin tn H54.
WRIGHT, RICHARD rtd O 25a Web- ster Webster tn H7.
WRIGHT, MRS. SARAH A. farmer (vegetables) O 21a Adams Basin Ogden tn T H731/8 .
WRIGHT, WALTER (Dora) "Dew Drop Inn" hotel assessor O
48a rd1 Webster Webster tn T H391/8.
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WRIGHT, WM. (Irene) farmer (wheat) O 60a rdl Clarkson Clark- son tn H1318.
WRIGHT, WM. H. (Flora) farmer O 40a rd1 Clarkson Clarkson tn T H10.
WUSMICK, CHAS. (Annie) 7mch farmer O 11312a Chili Station Chill tn H35.
WUSNER, HENRY (Elizabeth) 7mch farmer (dairy) O 56a rd1 Barnard Greece tn H56.
WYCKHOUSE, JOHN (Johanan ) 3mch farmer (truck) Irondequoit Irondequoit tn T H7.
WYDLER, GOTTLIET (Clara) 2mch "Oak Crest" farmer (potatoes) C 117a rd1 Rochester Junction Men- don tn T H31.
WYLAND, JOSEPH (Frances) 1mch farmer (peaches apples) O 54a rd2 Spencerport Parma tn T H77.
WYSOTO, ALBERT (Tony) 4mch farmer (potatoes) R 33a rd3 Web- ster Penfield tn H36.
YAEGER, FRANK (Louise) 7mch farmer (fruit) O 41a Webster Web- ster tn H41.
YALE, H. M. (Mary) farmer (truck) O 12a W Webster Webster tn H51. YARIGAN, JAMES (B. K.) 2mch farmer (grain fruit) O 10a rdl Hamlin Hamlin tn T H23.
YASCVIGN, ARTHUR (Alta) 1mch (grain fruit) O 59a Hamlin Hamlin tn T H60.
YEAGER, MARTIN (Margaret) 7mch farmer (general) O 30a rd1 Webster Webster tn T H41.
YEARS, FRANK J. (Stella B.) 1mch farmer (wheat hay) WOS 70a rd3 Pittsford Pittsford tn T H64.
YEARS, FRED (Mary) lach farmer (grain potatoes) O 71a rd3 Pitts- ford Perinton tn H48.
YEARS. JOHN (Tina) 3mch farmer 0 123a rd2 Honeoye Falls Mendon tn H33.
YEARS, LOUIS ( Minnie) 1mch "Arlington Farm” farm manager (dairy) rdl Pittsford Pittsford tn T H8.
YORK, CHAS. (Daisey) expressman O 11/2a Rochester Junction Mendon tn T H47.
YORKS, JOHN (Barbara) 4mch farmer O 96a WOS 18a rd1 Roches- ter Junction Mendon tn T' H30.
YORTON, G. L. (Catherine) 4mch farmer (truck) R 11a rd2 Fairport Perinton tn H861/8.
YOST, THOMAS C. (Catherine) 4mch farmer (dairy) O 27a rd3 Brighton Penfield tn H92.
YOUNG BROS. (Frank & Jacob) (Emma) 6mch farmers (dairy) 0 70a R 70a rd2 Pittsford Pittsford tn H47 2-8.
YOUNG, FRED (Jennie) farmer (hay wheat) O 50a rdl Adams Basin Ogden tn H39.
YOUNG, WM. (Minni) 1mch farmer R 55a Chili Station Chili tn H5318. YOUNGS, JAS. (Emma) 1mch farm- er (grain potatoes) R 60a rd1 Spencerport Gates tn H14.
ZARNOW, FRANK H. (Mary) 7mch farmer (wheat potatoes) O 52a rd2 Pittsford Pittsford tn H5818.
ZARNSTORFF, CHAS. F. (Mary) farmer (peaches apples) WOS 41a rd1 Barnard Greece tn H45.
ZARNSTORFF, JOHN (Nellie N.) 1mch carpenter and mason (vege- tables) O Sa rdl Barnard Greece tn H51.
F.ARPENTER, FRED H. (Anna) 1mch farmer (corn wheat oats po- tatoes cabbages) O 30a WOS 8a rd2 Barnard Greece tn H81.
ZARPENTINE, HERMAN (Bertha) 5mch farmer (wheat cabbage pota- toes) R 56a rd3 Spencerport Ogden tn H32.
ZASTROW, HERMAN (Minnie) 2mch farmer O 150a rd1 Clarkson Clarkson tn H818.
ZAYENTINE, HENRY (Louisa ) 3mch farmer (wheat cabbage)
0 45a Spencerport Gates tn H2.
ZEUBER, FRED (Katie) farmer (garden) R H&L Mendon Mendon tn T H27.
ZIMMER, J. H. ( Mary) 5mch farm- er (wheat hay) O 75a rd3 Webster Penfield tn T H918.
ZIMMER, WM. H. (Anna L.) farmer (potatoes) O 55a rd3 Webster Pen- field tn T H33.
ZIMMERMAN, CHAS. (Alice) 3mch farmer (apples peaches potatoes) O 100a Adams Basin Parma tn T H78.
ZIMMERMAN, WM. H. (Hulda)
1mch clergyman Lincoln Park Chili tn H43 2-8.
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Monroe County
ZOBEL, MRS. WILLIAM F. 2mch farmer (nursery stock) O 9a rd1 Pittsford Pittsford tn H1.
ZOM, GEO. (Isa) farmer (fruit) 0
84a rd1 Hilton Parma tn T H28.
ZOMOA, ALBERT L. "Locust Hill Farm" farmer (hay corn potatoes wheat) 0 87a rd2 Pittsford Hen- rietta tn T H141/3.
ZONROW, AUGUST (Theresa) 2mch "Shady Oaks" farmer (potatoes corn) R 78a rdl Pittsford Pitts- ford tn T H7.
ZORNOW, CHAS. P. (Carrie E.) 1mch "Grand View" farmer (wheat potatoes) O 78a rd3 Pitts- ford Pittsford tn T H14.
ZORNOW, GEO. W. (Dorothea) farmer (wheat hay potatoes) O 68a rd1 Henrietta Henrietta tn T H53. ZORNOW, ROBT. (Emma) 2mch "Grand View" farmer (potatoes fruit) O 12a rd3 Pittsford Pitts- ford tn H19.
ZORNOW, THEODORE C. (Cather- ine) 1mch farmer (wheat potatoes oats corn) s seed sweet corn O 52a R 77a rd2 Pittsford Henrietta tn T H14.
ZORNSTORF, FRANK (Catharine) 3mch farmer (wheat hay potatoes) 0 42a rd1 Barnard Greece tn H52. ZUBER, BENJ. H. (Lillian) 1mch farmer (wheat potatoes hay) R 120a rd1 Lincoln Park Chili tn H38.
ZUBER, FRED (Florence) 1mch farmer 100a rd1 Mendon Men- don tn H27.
ZUBER, JOHN (Ada) 2mch farmer O 150a rd1 Mendon Mendon tn T H27.
ZUBER, JOHN J. (Mary) 3mch farmer (wheat cabbage potatoes
hay) O 175a rdl Lincoln Park Chili tn T H32.
ZUBER, OSCAR (Catherine) farmer (wheat hay) O 75a rd1 Lincoln Park Chili tn T H3218 .
ZUIERGOR, LEO E. farmer (dairy) WOS 50a rd2 Irondequoit Ironde- quoit tn T H311/8 .
ZUIERGOR, SEBASTIAN (Emma) 2mch lach farmer O 50a Ironde- quoit Irondequoit tn T H31 1/8 .
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American Agriculturist Farm Directory
Farming Types in the United States
Those Most Profitable-Where, Why, and How. Specialties Good and Doubtful. Types that Combine Well. Crop Rota tion. Selection and Breeding. The Way Up from Beginnings
T HOSE types of farming which make no provision for maintain- ing or building up the fertility of the soil are called exploitive types. They exploit the soil. Exploitive farming is characteristic of regions in which farming is new. When first put into cultivation, most soils are rich and can be farmed for many years without attention to fertility. History shows that exploitive farm- inf may continue without serious consequences on rich soils for 20 to 50 years, depending on the charac- ter of the soil and the climate; the farther south one goes the quicker the humus (decaying organic mat- ter) rots out of the soil.
Generally speaking, after exploitive farming has reduced the fertility of the soil to the point where paying crops are no longer produced, types of farming are introduced which build up the soil and make it fertile again. Usually these conservative types of farming produce forage for live stock and put the manure back on the land. There is some evidence that the soil may be brought back by growing green crops, especially cer- tain leguminous crops-cowpeas, crim- son clover, vetch, bur clover and the like-and turning them under. Where it is possible to grow forage crops only and to buy grain or other con- centrated feed at a reasonable price, good strong land may be built up and made highly fertile without the use of chemical fertilizers; but generally,
in those sections of the country where farming has been followed for more than half a century, commercial fer- tilizers are used to a greater or less extent.
The small cotton farms of the south, on most of which no effort is made to keep a supply of humus in the soil, the production of corn and wheat in southern Missouri, of wheat in southern Illinois, and of hay in New England are other examples of exploitive types of farming that have continued beyond their legitimate life.
Farming is said to be extensive or intensive according to the amount of capital and labor used upon a given area. On the grain fields of the west one man farms a large area. The amount of work done per acre is small and the income per acre is usually comparatively small. Almost any system of farming may be car- ried on in an intensive way. The farmer who grows 100 bushels of corn, 40 bushels of wheat or 3 tons of hay per acre is doing intensive farming. Ordinarily, however, the term "intensive farming" applies to such types as truck and fruit grow- ing, poultry raising, etc., where a large amount of capital and a large amount of labor are used per acre. As a general rule, the more intensive the type, the larger the income from a given 'area of land.
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Farming Types in the United States
Single-Crop Farming
The most striking instances of single-crop farming in this country are to be found in the cotton planta- tions of the south, the grain farms of the plains region and parts of the Pacific coast, the rice-growing areas along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the tobacco-growing sections in the Atlantic states and the cornfields on many farms in the middle west. The term does not mean to imply that only one crop is grown, but one crop brings in practically the whole in- come of the farm family. Such types of farming are nearly always ex- ploitive and usually extensive. In diversified or mixed farming there are several sources of income, usually several crops are grown and fre- quently live stock is kept in addition to the animals needed to work the farm. As a rule, farms are more or less diversified in their industries, and it is usual to find two or more types of farming carried on together on the same farm.
The production of garden vege- tables, commonly called truck farm- ing, is one of the most intensive types of farming, and requires a com- paratively high capitalization as well as a large amount of labor. At the same time, where markets are good, the income is so large that a family can make a living on a very small area of land. In fact, 10 acres would be a large truck farm, and 2 or 3 acres properly managed, with good markets, will bring a fair living to an ordinary family. This type of farming is a desirable one for be- ginners, although a great deal of study and some experience are neces- sary before success can be obtained.
Truck farming assumes three phases; First, every farm should have a garden which produces such
vegetables and small fruits as are needed for home use. Second, in the vicinity of every city, town and vil- lage there is room for a small num- ber of truck farmers who can supply local markets. This is the safest form of market trucking. The crops to be grown must be determined by climate, soil and market demand. The third system of trucking, which is widely developed along the Atlantic seaboard and is found to some ex- tent in other sections, is that of growing vegetables for shipment to distant markets. This type of truck- ing requires, not only a large capi- tal and great expense, but also a large amount of reserve capital on account of the great fluctuations in receipts for products shipped. Some years enormous incomes are obtained per acre; other years there is a dead loss. The business is not recom- mended to beginners.
The production of berries and of small fruits, where there is a local market, may be quite profitable; but, when one must depend upon ship- ping to the large cities, the results are very uncertain. The production of winter apples for shipment to the large markets has proved in the main a profitable industry. Generally speak- ing, the production of any kind of fruit for market, especially tree fruits, necessitates waiting several years before any income is obtained, and it is usual to combine truck farming with orchard growing, grad- ually abandoning truck crops as the fruit comes into bearing. The be- ginner is especially warned against embarking his capital and time in new ventures in the line of fruit growing. It is better to stick to those things that have demonstrated themselves to be successful.
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The Cost
The principal crops found on single- crop farms in the United States are cotton, wheat, corn, hay, tobacco, rice, sugar cane and hops. Other crops are grown as practically the only crop in small areas in various parts of the country. Generally speaking, the equipment required for conduct- ing a single-crop farm is less than for any other type of farming. On the ordinary one-horse cotton farm of the south the cost of buildings, work stock and farm implements will average about $8 per acre; on the exclusive grain farm with a moderate equipment the cost is about $20 per acre; with corn as a principal crop the cost is about the same; on an ex- clusive, well-equipped hay farm, the cost of equipment, including build- ings and fences, is approximately $40 per acre; on farms where tobacco, rice, sugar cane or hops are grown the cost is considerably more.
Rotations with Principal Crop
In several sections of the United States there is a rotation of crops containing one crop which is the principal source of the farmer's in- come. Tobacco is grown in this manner in parts of Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee and to a slight ex- tent in other tobacco-growing sec- tions.
In Aroostook county, Me., the pre- vailing type of farming is one in which the rotation covers a period of three years, the crops being (1) potatoes, (2) oats and (3) clover. The land is usually divided into three approximately equal areas, so that each of these crops is grown every year. In some parts of Pennsylvania and Ohio a smaller rotation is found in which wheat is substituted for oats.
In certain sections of the west, sugar beets are grown as the domin- ant crop in the rotation. In the alfalfa regions of the west the rotation gen- erally consists of two or more years of alfalfa, followed by one year of potatoes or grain in order that the alfalfa roots may become decom- posed, and then one or two years of sugar beets followed by grain, with which alfalfa is sown. The rotations used on sugar-beet farms in Nebraska, Michigan and eastward are highly variable.
These types of farming in which one crop in the rotation is the prin- cipal source of income are very satis- factory, especially where the remain- ing crops are fed to live stock and the manure is put back on land. Most of them require considerable capital for equipment, and require consid- erable labor compared with the single- crop systems.
Cotton occupies the position of a dominant crop on a few farms in the south, and is one of the best crop rotations to be found in this country. The rotation consists of cotton, fol- lowed by corn in which cowpeas are sown at the last cultivation, the next crop being winter oats, followed by cowpeas the succeeding summer. This rotation gives two opportunities for winter cover crops to be turned un- der to supply the humus; namely, between cotton and corn and be- tween cowpeas and cotton. Crops available for use as winter cover crops in this rotation are rye, oats, bur clover, crimson clover, common red clover, hairy vetch and common vetch.
This rotation builds up the land very rapidly, the yield of cotton going up more rapidly than that of the other crops. Such farming is quite profitable and is to be recommended generally for the southern states.
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Farming Types in the United States
Raising Seed Pays
Scattered here and there over the country are farms devoted to the raising of seeds for sale. These farms are of two classes; namely, those which raise vegetable seeds, usually on contract for some large dealer; and those which make a specialty of growing improved seeds of ordinary field crops. The latter class of farming offers at the present time one of the best opportunities to be found in farming in this country. The ordinary farmer will not take the trouble to breed up the seed of his field crops, yet he will buy im- proved seeds, and is justified in so doing.
The crops which are most easily improved by selection of excellent in- dividuals for seeding are corn, cot- ton and potatoes, and there is room for much development in the grow- ing of improved seeds of these crops practically wherever they are grown Improving the seed of wheat, oats, barley and other crops in which the individual plant is small is a very dif- ficult task, and requires technical training for its successful conduct. The growing of seeds of garden vege- tables is a specialty which requires a good deal of training an da compara- tively large amount of capital and labor. It is not an inviting field for the beginner, yet it is a profitable type of farming when properly con- ducted.
Mixed Stock and Crop Farming
The general type known as mixed stock and crop farming is perhaps the most common type found in the northern states. It is hoped that it will also ultimately prevail very gen- erally in the cotton belt, where the rotation already mentioned in dis- cussing cotton as a dominant crop
in a rotation is well suited to this type of farming. In the northern states the common rotation found on farms of this character is corn, fol- lowed by small grain, and this by timothy and clover for hay and pas- ture. Many variations of the rota- tion are found. For instance, corn may be grown two years before seed- ing the land to wheat or oats.
In the northern tier of states oats are usually grown in this rotation in preference to wheat, while in central latitudes wheat usually replaces oats. In some sections oats follow corn and wheat follows oats. Clover, like all of the legumes, helps to supply the land with nitrogen, the most expen- sive form of plant food. The legumes secure an abundance of nitrogen from the atmosphere, while other crops must secure their nitrogen from decaying organic matter in the soil.
The live stock found on the largest number of farms of this character in the southern half of the corn belt are beef cattle, usually with hogs, while in the northern portion of the sec- tion dairy cows are kept. On the better class of mixed stock and crop farms the only crop sold is the small grain. This is especially true where wheat is grown in the rotation. Oats are often all fed on the place. In either case, if the corn and hay are fed to live stock and good use is made of the manure, the fertility of the land is fairly well maintained, though after two or three genera- tions of such farming the use of com- mercial fertilizers becomes necessary.
The equipment on farms of this class, including cost of buildings, fences, implements and live stock, will run from $50 to $75 per acre. About one work horse is required for every 25 acres in cultivation, and one laborer for 25 to 40 acres. A
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family living on a quarter section of land devoted to mixed stock and crop farming, with a fair amount of in- dustry and intelligent management may be expected to make a good liv- ing, and perhaps to lay by a little profit.
In the southern states where cot- ton is grown in a rotation consisting of cotton, followed by corn and cow- peas, then oats, followed the next summer by cowpeas for hay or seed, or both, stock farming combines ex- cellently with crop farming. If all the crops except cotton are fed to stock and the manure is intelligently used, large yields of cotton are obtained at comparatively small expense, and the work of the farm is better distributed through the year than on exclusive cot- ton farms.
The Cattle Industry
The growing and fattening of beef cattle is an industry found perhaps on a larger number of stock farms than any other. Generally, the profit is small. The most profitable beef cattle raising is that of pure-bred stock for sale as breeders, but it is only the experienced breeder with a good repu- tation who can sell young stock at satis- factory prices.
Many men on the ranges of the west raise beef cattle for sale as feeders. Ranging cattle was formerly a very profitable business, but the best ranges have now been turned into farms, and on the poorest ranges sheep are gradually replacing beef cattle. A good many farmers who follow a mixed system of stock and crop farming keep a few cows of the beef breeds and raise the young for sale as feeders. This type of beef- cattle farming is perhaps the least profitable of all.
Fattening steers for market is one of the leading industries of the mid- dle west. On some farms setters are bought in the spring and grazed dur- ing the summer, the best of them being sold for meat before winter comes on, the others being sold as winter feeders. Some farmers who make a business of fattening steers buy their steers in the fall and fatten them during the winter. Others com- bine summer grazing and winter feeding. Usually the farmer who makes a business of feeding steers does not expect to make much profit directly. But through this disposi- tion of his crops he secures a fair price for his grain and hay and re- tains the manure on his farm, thus keeping up the fertility of the land. It is customary to keep a few hogs on farms where the winter feeding of steers is practiced, in order that the hogs may consume the waste grain in the droppings from the cat- tle.
A few farmers keep cows of the beef breeds and force the young stock by heavy feeding, selling it early as "baby beef." Beef of this character sells at the highest price, but is expensive to produce. The profit from it is not great, yet this type of farming serves to maintain the fertility of the land and returns a fair price for the crops consumed.
Sheep and Hogs
There are four types of sheep farming: (1) The raising of stock for sale as breeders, which is perhaps the most profitable form of sheep raising on the ordinary farm. (2) The raising of sheep for wool and mutton-a type found both on farms and on the ranges of the west. Us- ually the range man clips the wool and sells his young stock to farmers
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Farming Types in the United States
of the middle west to be fattened during the winter. (3) Early winter lambs. Some sheep raisers have the lambs produced very early in the season and send them to market late in winter, at which time they sell for very high prices. Frequently these lambs when in proper condition will sell for much more than they would bring three or four months or even a year later. (4) Fattening sheep for market. This industry prevails extensively in the middle west, where range lambs from the western country are bought and fed during the winter. Extensive feeding operations of this character are con- ducted in the alfalfa-growing regions of the west, and this type of handling sheep returns a very satisfactory profit to those who understand the business.
Hog raising is perhaps the least difficult of all the types of live-stock farming and the most profitable con- sidering the amount of labor and capital involved. The equipment for hog raising costs considerable. In- cluding buildings, fences and live stock, a hog farm requires an ex- pense of about $70 an acre before it is perfectly equipped for the busi- ness. The one great danger in this type of farming is in cholera, which is a contagious disease.
Dairy Farming
There are three more or less dis- tinct types of dairy farming ; namely, (1) the selling of milk and cream, (2) the production of milk for but- ter and cheese making and (3) the raising of pure-bred dairy stock for sale as breeders. Generally speaking, when dairy farming is intelligently conducted it is quite profitable, though it requires more labor than other forms of live-stock farming and a
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