Ecclesiastical records, state of New York, Volume I, Part 8

Author: New York (State). State Historian. cn; Hastings, Hugh, 1856-1916. cn; Corwin, Edward Tanjore, 1834-1914, ed. cn; Holden, James Austin, 1861-
Publication date: 1901
Publisher: Albany, J. B. Lyon, state printer
Number of Pages: 812


USA > New York > Ecclesiastical records, state of New York, Volume I > Part 8


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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THE NATIVES.


Wat aengaet de natie deses Lands, die vynd ick gansch wild ende woest, vreemd van alle borger- lijcke sedicheyd, jae onbeleeft ende bot als tuynstaken, in alle boo- sheyd ende godloosheyd gelijck als gepromoveert, verduyvelde men- schen, die niemand anders dan den Duyvel dienen, wesende die Geest, dien sij op hare sprake Menetto noemen: gelijck sij mede onder dien tytel begrijpen alles wat subtyl ende geestich is ende beyde men schelijck vernuft ende crach- ten te boven gaet. Sij gaen met vele tooverijen, waerseggingen, besweeringen ende snoode consten om, soo datse bijna in genige › They are as thievish and treach- banden ofte sloten en sijn te houden. Sij sijn soo diefachtich


As to the natives of this country, I find them entirely savage and wild, strangers to all decency, yea, uncivil and stupid as garden poles, proficient in all wickedness and godlessness; devilish men, who serve nobody but the devil, that is, the spirit, which, in their lan- guage, they call Menetto; under which title they com- prehend everything that Their is subtle and crafty Character. and beyond human skill


and power. They have so much witchcraft, divination, sorcery, and wicked tricks, that they cannot be held in by any bands or locks. erous as they are tall; and in cruelty they are altogether in-


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ende verradisch als sij groot zijn: ende in wreedheyd sijnse gansch onmenschelijck ende meer dan Barbarisch ende gaen d'Africanen daerin al verde te boven .*


Ick hebbe dies aengaende aen verscheydene personen elders ges- chreven, niet twijfelende of de Broeder Crol sal daervan aen UWE. ofte immers aan de Heeren Bewyndhebberen genoech gesch- reven hebben: gelijek oock van het snoode verraed ende de moorderijre die de Mahicans aent' oppereynde deser Riviere tegens het fort Oran- gien voorgenomen hadden,* doch is hun misluckt door een genadige bestieringe des Heeren ons ten goede: de welcke als het hem ge- lieft, in dese onnatuyrlijcke men- schen onversiens natuyrlijcke bewe- gingen weet te storten om haer doen te beletten. Hoe men nu best dese luyden tot de ware ken- nisse Godes ende des Middelaers Christi soude connen aenleyden, is qualijck te seggen. Ick en can mij selven niet genoech verwonde- ren wie UWerE. ende velen an- deren int Vaderland soo vele op de mouwe gespeldt mach hebben, belangende de geseggelijckheyd de- ser lieden, en den goeden aerdt, de gevoechlijcke principia religionis ende vestigia legis naturae die bij haer souden sijn: in de welcke ick


human, more than barbarous, far exceeding the Africans .*


I have written concerning these things to several persons elsewhere, not doubting that Brother Crol will have written sufficient to your Reverence, or to the Honorable Directors; as also of the base treachery, and the murders which the Mohicans, at the upper part of this river, had planned against Fort Orange,; but, by the gracious interposition of the Lord, for our good - who, when it pleased him, knows how to pour, unexpectedly, natural impulses into these un- natural men, in order to prevent them - they did not succeed. How these Difficulties people can best be of their conversion. led to the true knowl- edge of God and of the Mediator Christ, is hard to say. I cannot myself wonder enough who it is that has imposed so much upon your Reverence and many others in the Fatherland, concern- ing the docility of these people and their good nature, the proper prin- cipia religionis and vestigia legis naturae which should be among them; in whom I have as yet been able to discover hardly a single good point, except that they do not speak so jeeringly and so scof- fingly of the godlike and glorious


* Hij kon dit uit eigene ondervinding, in Africa opgedaan, getuigen.


* Brodhead spreekt ook hiervan niet: alleen dat in het voorjaar van dit jaar 1628, digt bij het fort Oranje vijande- lijkheden waren uitgebroken tusschen de Mahicans, ook elders Mohicanen ge- heeten, en de Mohawks, waarbij de eerstgenoemden verslagen en verjaagd zijnde, naar Connecticut River geweken waren. L. 1. 113 en hier onder in het vervolg des briefs.


* He could testify as to this from his own experience, obtained in Africa.


* Brodhead does not speak of this; only that in the spring of 1628, close by Fort Orange, animosities had broken out between the Mahicans, elsewhere called Mohegans, and the Mohawks, so that the first named, smitten and pursued, betook themselves to the Connecticut river. L. 1. 113 and toward the sequel of this letter.


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tot noch toe schaers een enich goed point hebbe connen bemercken, wtgenomen dat se van de godde- lijcke ende glorieuse majesteyt hares Scheppers soo spottelijck ende versmadelijck niet en spreken, als d'Africanen wel durven doen. Doch 't can wesen omdat se van hem noch soo sekere kennisse niet en hebben ofte oock wel gansche gene. Als wij tot hun van God willen spreken, het schijnt hun een droom te sijn: ende wij sijn genoot- saekt dat te doen onder den name, niet van Menotto dien sij kennen ende dienen (want dat ware een Laster), maer van enigen grooten, jae den alderoppersten Sackiema* met welcken name sij - sonder Coningh levende - heten den genen die over enige hondereen onder hun hebben te gebieden, die van de onsen Sackemakers genaemt wer- den, het welcke sij lieden hoorende soo sullen sommige beginnen te grijnen ende het hoofd te schudden als over een coude fabel, ende andere om met eeren ende vriend- schap uyt een sulck propoost te comen, sullen seggen Orith, dats goed. Nu, wat middel om dit volck ter salicheyd te ontginnen, ofte een heylsame bresse daeronder te maken? Ick neme verloff om in dit point wat wijdluftiger met Uwe E. te discoureren.


Hare tale die het eerste is bij hun te besigen, dunckt, mij gansch vreembd. Vele onder ons gemeyne volck hetense gemeynelijck een lichte tale die haest geleert is: ick ben van een andere opinie. Want degene die hare woorden enigsins verstaen ende naspreken connen, die feylen grootelijck in pronun- tiatie ende radebraken se gelijck


majesty of their Creator as the Africans dare to do. But it is be- cause they have no certain knowl- edge of Him, or scarcely any. If we speak to them of God, it ap- pears to them like a dream; and we are compelled to speak of him, not under the name of Menetto, whom they know and serve - for that would be blasphemy - but of one great, yea, most high, Sack- iema* by which name they - living without a king - call him who has the command over several hundred among them, and who by our people are called Sackemakers; and as the people listen, some will begin to mutter and shake their heads as if it were a silly fable; and others, in order to express re- gard and friendship for such a proposition, will say orith, that is, good. Now, by what means are we to make a salutary breach for the salvation of this people? I take the liberty on this point of enlarg- ing somewhat to your Reverence.


Their language, which is the first thing to be employed with them, methinks is entirely peculiar. Many of our Their common people call it language. . an easy language, which is soon learned, but I am of a con- trary opinion. For those who can understand their words to some ex- tent and repeat them, fail greatly


* Sackiema, later in de Noord-Ameri- kaansche werken steeds Sachem ge- noemd.


* Sackiema; subsequently in North American works always called Sachem.


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de sprake Asdod .* Want dese natie heeft sware aspiratie ende vele litterras gutturales die meer in de kele dan door den mond, tanden ende lippen geformeert worden, hetwelcke onse popelt ongewent signde, op sijne wijse een groven slach daerinne slaet ende meynt sijne dingen noch wonder wel gedaen te hebben. 'Tis waer, men can lichtelijck soo vele leeren als genoech is om te handelen, maer dit geschiedt bijcans soo vele int wijsen met duym ende vingeren als door spreken; het welcke in zaken van religie soo niet soude connen geschieden. Oock soo schijnt het dat se hare tale voor ons liever occulteren, dan behoorlijk mede- deylen, ten sij dan in dingen die in den dagelijckschen handel te passe comen; seggende dat het genoech is dat wij hen daerinne verstaen connen: ende dan spreken se noch maer halve redenen, afge- cortede woorden ende noemen dick- wils een douzijne dingen ende noch meer; jae al wat met malcanderen slechts eenige rouwe gelijckenisse heeft noemen sij dickwils al met énen name. In summa 't is een gemaeckte kyndische tale: soo dat selfs degene die best van allen met den Wilden connen spreken ende in handel seer wel te rechte comen, nochtans gansch blind staen ende gelijck als met baeuisį sijn, als sij de Wilden allene onder mal- canderen hooren spreken.


in the pronunciation, and speak a broken language, like the language of Ashdod .* For these people have difficult aspirates and many gut- tural letters, which are formed more in the throat than by the mouth, teeth and lips, to which our peoplet are not accustomed, and making a bold stroke at which they imagine that they have accom- plished something wonderful. It is true one can learn as much as is sufficient for the purposes of trading, but this occurs almost as much by signs with the thumb and fingers as by speaking; but this cannot be done in religious matters. It also seems to us that they rather design to conceal their language from us than to properly communi- cate it, except in things which happen in daily trade; saying that it is sufficient for us to understand them in that; and then they speak only half sentences, shortened words, and frequently call out a dozen things and even more; and all things which have only a rude resemblance to each other, they frequently call by the same name. In truth it is a made-up, childish language; so that even those who can best of all speak with the savages, and get along well in trade, are nevertheless wholly in the dark and bewildered# when they hear the savages talking among themselves.


* Hij doelt op Nehemia xiii:24.


+ Verwant met gepeupel.


Į Baeuis (sic). Kan het ook in ver- band staan met het Fransche bijv. naamwoord esbahi?


* He alludes to Neh. 13:24: And their children spake half in the speech of Ashdod, and could not speak .in the Jews language, .


¡ People - popel, connected with ge- peupel,- populace, mob.


Bewildered - baeuis (sic). Can this word stand in connection with the French adjective esbabi?


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Wel, of men dan d'oude in haer wesen liete ende aen den kinder- kens die noch jongh sijn, begonne. Tzij alzoo. Maer sij moesten van joncks op van haren ouderen af- gesondert werden, jae van hare gansche Natie: Want, sonder dit, soo souden se de heydensche grillen ende duyvelryen terstond soo ge- went sijn als d'oude, die doch van selfs door een rechtveerdich oordeel Godes in hare herten geknedet sijn van naturen: soo dat se eens diepe wortelen gecrengen hebbende door gewoonte, gansch swaerlijk daer- van souden sijn aftebrengen. Doch dese afsonderinge is qualijck te doen. Want d'ouders hebben hare kinderen hertelijck lief, ende souden seer noode daeraf scheyden, ende als het geschiedt (want men heeft er al prouve af) soo en sijn d'ouders nimmermeer te degen gerust, ende nemen se weder steels wijse wech, ofte maken dat se van selfs ont- loopen. Nochtans dies weege mo- este men uyt, al soude men enige costen daertoe aenwenden, om de kinderen door gaven ende onder goede beloften met danck ende wille der ouderen te becomen, om de selve onder de hand van enich welervaren ende godsalich school- meester te bestellen, daer se moch- ten geoeffend werden, niet alleen- lijck in onse tale te spreken, te lesen ende te schrijven, maer oock voornemelijck in de fundamenten onser Christelijcker religie, ende daer beneffens daer sij niet dan goede exempelen enes deugtsamen levens en zagen; mids dat se noch- tans somtijds onder malkanderen hare moederlijcke tale spraken om de selve niet te vergeten, als ap- parentlijek een voorneme middel sijnde om de kennisse der Religie onder de gansche Natie uytte- breiden. Ondertusschen en moeste men niet vergeten den Heere om


It would be well then to leave the parents as they are, and begin with the children who are still young. So be it. But they ought in youth to be separated from their parents; yea, from their whole na- tion. For, without this, they would forthwith be as much accustomed as their parents to heathenish tricks and deviltries, which are kneaded naturally in their hearts by themselves through a just judg- ment of God; so that having once, by habit, obtained deep root, they would with great diffi-


culty be emancipated Duty of


therefrom. But this instructing


separation is hard the Indian


to effect, for the children.


parents have a strong


affection for their children, and are very loth to part with them; and, when they are separated from them, as we have already had proof, the parents are never con- tented, but take them away stealth- ily, or induce them to run away. Nevertheless, although it would be attended with some expense, we ought, by means of presents, and promises to obtain the children, with the gratitude and consent of the parents; in order to place them under the instruc- tion of some experienced and godly schoolmaster, where they may be instructed not only to speak, read, and write in our lan- guage, but also especially in the fundamentals of our Christian re- ligion; and where, besides, they will see nothing but the good ex- ample of virtuous living; but they must sometimes speak their native tongue among themselves, in order not to forget it, as being evidently a principal means of spreading the knowledge of religion through the whole nation. In the meantime we should not forget to beseech the


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øijnen zegen te soliciteren met vie- rige ende geduyrige gebeden, die doch dingen die ongesien sijn, haest gesien ende gelegen can maken, die den dooden het leven geeft ende roupt hetgene dat niet en is als of het ware ende daertoe rijck sijnde in barmharticheyd hem ont- fermt wiens hij wil: gelijck hij sich onser ontfermt heeft om sijn volck te wesen, als wij te voren niet ontfermt ende sijn volck niet en waren, ende heeft ons, als wij met een gelijcke sop aller verdor- ventheden overgoten waren, afge- wassen, geheyligt ende gerechtveer- digt, ons roupende tot de zalige kennisse sijns Soons, ende uyt de macht der duysternisse tot sijnen wonderbaerlijcken lichte. Ende dit achte ick soo vele te noodiger als de toorn Godes ende vloek te swaerder is, de welcke tot noch toe op dese elendige natie bevonden wordt te leggen. Magschien of hem God noch ten eynde ont- fermde, opdat de volheyd der hey- denen allenskens inconem mochte ende het heyl onses Godes oock al- hier gesien mochte werden onder dese wilde ende woeste menschen. Ick hope een sorgfuldige ooge over dese luyden te houden ende soo vele van hare tale te leeren als doenlijck sijn sal, ende te prac- tizeren op betere gelegentheden haerder onderwijsinge dan men tot noch toe heeft connen vynden.


Lord, with ardent and continual prayers, for His blessing; who can make things which are unseen suddenly


Prayer. and opportunely to Sovereignty appear; who gives of God. life to the dead; calls that which is not as though it were; and being rich in mercy has pity on whom He will; as He has compassionated us to be His peo- ple; and has washed us clean, sanc- tified us and justified us, when we were covered with all manner of corruption, calling us to the blessed knowledge of His Son, and from the power of darkness to His mar- vellous light. And this I regard so much the more necessary, as the wrath and curse of God, resting upon this miserable people, is found to be the heavier. Perchance God may to that end have mercy upon them, that the fulness of the hea- then may be gradually brought in, and the salvation of our God may be here also seen among these wild savage men. I hope to keep a watchful eye over these people, and to learn as much of their lan- guage as will be practicable, and to seek better opportunities for their instruction than hitherto it has been possible to find.


HIS SUPPORT.


Wat nu mij selven belangt ende mijne huishoudinge: ick vynde mij door het verlies van mijne goede ende behulpsame parture seer ontrijft ende verlegen. Want mijn twee dochterkens sijn noch cleyn; dienstmaegden en sijn hier niet te becomen, immers gene die men mij


As to what concerns myself and my household: I find myself by the loss of my good and helpful partner very much hindered and distres- House-


sed - for my two keeping. little daughters are yet small; maid servants are


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raden soude in te nemen: d'An- goolsche slavinnen sijn oock die- fachtige, luije ende ontijdige vod- den. Den jonghman dien ick met mij nam, hebbe ick na Pinxteren weder laten gaen, om dies wille, dat ick hem buyten'shuys tot ge- nich landwerk en conde besigen ende binnens huys mij meer be- swaerde, dan verlichtinge aen- brachte; hij dient nu elders bij de boeren.


De belofte die mij de Heeren Meesters der Comp. gedaen hedden van enige mergens ofte gemeten lands te doen hebben om mij daerop te geneeren ende dat in de plaetse van een vrije tafel die mij anders- sins toebehoorde, is gansch nietich ende ijdel. Want hare E. E. wisten immers selve wel dat alhier geen peerden noch koeijen noch arbeyds- lieden om geld te necomen sijn. Want elck heeft in desen noch te cort ende roept om meer. De costen soude ick mij ontsien,* soo de ge- legenheyd slechts viele: ende dat om ons eygen gerijf, al waert schoon datter geen voordeel op liepe (behoudens nochtans dat d'E. E. Meesters mij schuldich blijven soo vele als de weerde van een vrije tafel) want hier en is gene verversschinge van boter ende melck etc. te crijgen, hoewel het tot gansch dieren prijs vercocht (werdt), want de lieden die het halen ofte bespreken sijn jaloers over malcanderen. Dus sal ick den wynter moeten overbrengen sonder boter ende andere noodige dingen, die de schepen niet mede en brengen om hier verkocht te werden. Ende het randzoen dat hier wtgedeelt werdt ende hooge genoech aenge- schreven, is al harde oude cost, ge-


not here to be had, at least none whom they advise me to take; and the Angola (female) slaves are thievish, lazy, and useless trash. The young man whom I took with me, I discharged after Whitsuntide, for the reason that I could not em- ploy him out-of-doors at any work- ing of the land, and in-doors he was a burden to me instead of an assistance. He is now elsewhere at service among the farmers.


The promise which the Honorable Directors of the Company had made me of some acres or surveyed lands for me to make myself a home, instead of a free table which otherwise belonged to


me, is void and use- Unable yet less. For their Hon- to farm. ors well knew that there are no horses, cows, or labor- ers to be obtained here for money. Every one is short in these par- ticulars and wants more. I should not mind* the expense if the op- portunity only offered, for the sake of our own comfort, although there were no profit in it (the Honorable Directors nevertheless remaining indebted to me for as much as the value of a free table), for refresh- ment of butter, milk, etc., cannot be here obtained; though some is indeed sold at a very high price, for those who bring it in or be- speak it are jealous of each other. So I shall be compelled to pass through the winter without butter and other necessities, which the ships do not bring with them to be sold here. The ra- tions, which are given Food.


out and charged for


high enough, are all hard stale food, as they are used to on board


* Ontsien is hier zoo veel als ge- troosten.


* Not mind - ontzien, treat gently; is here the same as getroosten - bear patiently.


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lijck men te schepe plach te ge- bruycken: oock dickwils niet seer goed ende noch en can men 't tot sijnen wille niet genoech becomen. Ick begonde vrij wat stercte te crijgen door des Heeren genade, maer door dit harde voedsel van boontgens, graeuw erwten die hard genoech zijn, gort, stockvis etc. sonder vele vernieuwinge, doet dat ick niet geheel can becomen, ge- lijek ick anders wel soude. De somer geeft wel yet, maer wat ist voor yemand die niet en heeft aen hem selven? De Wilden brengen oock wel sommige dingen, maer die gene waren en heeft, als messen, coralen ende diergelijcke ofte seeu- wan,* die en can niet te rechte comen. Ende hoewel de lieden sulcke dingen verhandelen voor eerlijke waren, soo en weet ick noch niet of het hun al vrij staet na de wetten der Comp. Ick hebbe nu wt Holland meest alle noodige dingen ontboden: ende verhope den wynter met harden ende schralen cost noch overtebrengen.


Het land geeft vele goede dingen tot den leeftocht, maer sij sijn al te ongereedt ende wild te soecken: daer moeste beter ordre gestelt werden, ende luyden sijn die ver- stand ende gereedschap hadden om alles in sijn behoorlijk saysoen optesoecken, te vangen ende bijeen te brengen: gelijk ongetwijfelt al- lenskens sal geschieden. Onder- tusschen soo wilde ick wel den E. E. Heeren Bewynthebberen beleef- delijck gevraegt hebben, hoe ick best de gelegenheyd sal connen heb- ben om een partije lands te beslaen


ship, and frequently not very good, and even so one cannot obtain as much as he desires. I began to get considerable strength by the grace (favor) of the Lord, but in consequence of this hard fare of beans and gray peas, which are hard enough, barley, stockfish, etc., without much change I cannot fully recuperate as I otherwise would. The summer yields something, but what of that for any one who has no strength? The savages also bring some things, but one who has no wares, such as knives, beads, and the like, or seewan,* cannot come to any terms with them. Though the people trade such things for proper wares, I know not whether it is permitted by the laws of the Company. I have now ordered from Holland most all necessaries; but I expect to pass through the winter with hard and scanty food.


The country yields many good things for the support of life, but they are all too unfit and wild to be gathered. Better regulations should be established, as doubtless will gradually be the case, so that people who have the knowledge and implements for seeking out all kinds of things in their season shall secure and gather them. In the meanwhile, I wish the Honorable Directors Need of


to be courteously en- land.


quired of, how I can have the opportunity to possess a


* Seeuwan, eene soort van walvisch- baard of balein, in den ruilhandel destijds aldaar gebruikelijk en bij de inboorlingen zeer gewild. Zie A.v.d. Donck, Bescher. van Nieuw-Nederlant, 2de dr. Amst. 1656. bl. 56, 57.


* Seewan - a sort of whale fin or whale bone, very useful in the barter of those times, and with the natives much in demand. See Vander Donck's Description of New Netherland, 2nd ed., 1656, 56, 57.


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ende mij selven daerop (oock tot mijnen costen) te geneeren? Want soo lange hier niet meer van gerief bij den landlieden te crijgen is ende ick genoodzaeckt soude wesen tot hooge costen met vele moeyten ende peryckel alles wt het Vaderland te ontbieden ofte hier op dit enckel sober ende hard rantzoen te leven: dat soude mij ende mijne kinderen gansch slecht bevallen. Ons ont- breken noch 10 ofte 12 boeren met peerden, koeijen ende arbeydslieden naer advenant om onsselven te bedroopen van brood, suyvel ende behoorlijke verversschinge. Want hier sijn nabij gelegene plaetsen, die licht sijn te beschermen ende seer bequaem: die men oock den Wilden om een geringe snuyster- inge soude connen afcoopen, ofte oock sonder peryckel innemen: dewijle wij daerop meer dan ge- noechsame actien op hebben de welcke nooyt afgedaen en sijn ge- worden, maer met sulken insicht altijd gereserveert.


portion of land, and at my own ex- pense to support myself upon it. For as long as there is no more accommodation to be obtained here from the country people, I shall be compelled to order everything from the Fatherland at great expense and with much risk and trouble, or else live here upon these poor and hard rations alone, which would badly suit me and my children. We Need of want ten or twelve farmers. farmers with horses,


cows and laborers in proportion, to furnish us with bread and fresh butter, milk and cheese. There are convenient places which can be easily protected and very suitable, which can be bought from the sar- ages for trifling toys, or could be occupied without risk, because we have more than enough shares which have never been cleared but have been always reserved for that purpose.


CONDITION OF THE COLONY.


De negotie in de vellen* valt slap ende dat van wegen een nieuwe oorloge der Maechibaeys tegen de Mahicans aent oppereynde van dese riviere. Daer vallen wreede moor- derijen tusschen beyden. De Ma- hicans sijn vluchtich; ende hun lant staet open, seer vruchtbaer ende plaisierich: het jammert ons alleen dat men geen volck, noch ordre en heeft van de Heeren Meesters om het selve te besetten. Men velt hier vele houts om na 't Vaderland te voeren, maer de schepen sijn te weynich om vele te laden. Men maeckt enen meulen




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