Ecclesiastical records, state of New York, Volume I, Part 9

Author: New York (State). State Historian. cn; Hastings, Hugh, 1856-1916. cn; Corwin, Edward Tanjore, 1834-1914, ed. cn; Holden, James Austin, 1861-
Publication date: 1901
Publisher: Albany, J. B. Lyon, state printer
Number of Pages: 812


USA > New York > Ecclesiastical records, state of New York, Volume I > Part 9


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The business of furs* is dull on account of the new war of the Maechibaeys (Mohawks) against the Mohicans at the upper end of this river. There have occurred cruel murders on both sides. The Mohicans Wars. have filed and their Industries. lands are unoccupied and are very fertile and pleasant. It grieves us that there are no peo- ple, and that there is no regulation of the Honorable Directors to oc- cupy the same. They fell much wood here to carry to the Father- land, but the vessels are too few


* Bevervellen.


* The beaver-skins.


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65 1628


te wynde* om hout te sagen; ge- lijek wij oock al enen meelmolen hebben. Men backt hier stenen doch sij vallen gansch slecht. Om calck te branden isser goede stoffe namelijek oesterschelpen bij menichten. De potaschbrandinge en succedeert niet ende de meester met sijne arbeydslieden sijn ar- beydslieden sijn alle grootelijcx verabuseert.t


Men is besich met een forteresse te bouwen van goede berghstenen, die niet verde van hier bij menich- ten leggen. £ De Heere bouwe slechts mede, ende sij de wachter op onse muyren. Men siet hier goede commoditeyt om sout te maken: want daer sijn gelegene plaatsen, het water is sout genoech ende 'ten onbreeckt niet aen hitte in den somer. Voorts wat de wateren al geven van vele soorten visch beyde in zee ende in de rivieren: wat het land al heeft van gevogelte, wild ende bosschagien, van eerdvruchten, boomvruchten, wortelen, gewassen, cruyden soo om te eten als medicinale ende met de welcke wonderlijke curen gewricht connen werden, soo (sou) gansch langh vallen om te ver- halen, ende ick en soude 't soo geheel pertinent alsnoch niet con- nen doen. Uwe E. heeft daer af ten deele al kennisse gecregen ende sal wt andere noch meer be- scheyds connen vernemen. Het land is goed ende playsierich, de lucht is gesond niet tegenstaende de subyte veranderinge van coude ende hitte. De sonne is gansch heet, de wynter fel ende strenge ende duyrt ruym soo lange als in


to take much of it. They are mak- ing a windmill* to saw the wood and we also have a gristmill. They bake brick here, but it is very poor. There is good material for burning lime, namely, oyster shells, in large quantities. The burning of potash has not succeeded; the master and his laborers are all greatly disappointed.t


We are busy now in building a fort of good quarry stone, which is to be found not far from here in abundance. May the Lord only build and watch over our walls. There is good opportunity for mak- ing salt, for there are convenient places, the water is salt enough, and there is no want of heat in summer. Besides, as to the waters, both of the sea and rivers, they yield all kinds of fish; and as to the land, it abounds in all kinds of game, wild and in the groves, with vegetables, fruits, roots, herbs and plants, both for eating and medicinal purposes; and with which wonderful cures can be effected, which it would take too long to tell, nor could I do justice to the tale. Your Reverence has already obtained some knowledge thereof and will be able to obtain from others Climate. further information.


The country is good and pleasant, the climate is healthy, notwith- standing the sudden changes of cold and heat. The sun is very warm, the winter is strong and severe and continues fully as long as in our country. The best rem- edy is not to spare the wood, of


Windmolen.


¡ D. i. vinden zich bedrogen.


* Meulen te wynde - windmolen, wind- mill.


I


¡ Verabuseert - vinden zich bedrogen - find themselves defrauded.


5


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onse landen. De beste remedie is geen hout te sparen: want 't isser genoech, ende sich wel te decken met ruyge vellen, die men oock tot sijn gerief licht can becomen.


Den oogst is Gode loff in de schuyre ende beter geslaegt dan ooyt te voren: daer was oock wat meer toe gedaen dan te voren. De grond is vruchtbaer genoech om den arbeyd te beloonen, maer men moet hem wel suyveren, alle deugt doen ende cultiveren, gelijck onse landen ook vereysschen. Het heeft tot noch toe veel te arger gegaen omdat vele lieden niet seer arbeyd- saem en waren ofte oock haren behoorlijeken nooddruft niet en cregen bij gebreck van brood ende toespijse. Dan het begint nu alles bet te gaen ende het siet nu geheel uyt een ander ooge: soo de Meesters slechts goede arbeyders senden ende op alle dingen ordre geven om hem met die dingen die dit land selve geeft ten besten te geneeren.


which there is enough, and to cover one's self with rough skins, which can also easily be obtained.


The harvest, God be praised, is in the barns, and is larger than ever before. There has been more work put on it than before. The ground Harvests. is fertile enough to reward labor, but they must clear it well, and till it, just as our lands require. Until now there has been distress because many people were not very industrious, and also did not obtain proper sustenance for want of bread and other neces- saries. But affairs are beginning to put on a better appearance, if only the Directors will send out good laborers and exercise all care that they be maintained as well as possible with what this country produces.


HIS RELATION TO THE CHURCH OF HOLLAND.


Ick hadde wel voor, ende oock belooft (te schrijven) aen de E. E. Broederen Rudolphum Petri, Joan- nem Sylvium, ende aen D. Cloppen- burgium, die neffens Uwe E. met de besorginge deses quartiers was belastet ;* doch alsoo dit langh soude vallen, den tijd cort is ende mijne occupatien voor dees tijd vele, soo sal Uwe E. gelieven mijne vriendelijke ende beleefde groeten- isse aen hare E. E. te doen ende


I had promised (to write) to the Honorable Brethren, Rudolphus Petri, Joannes Sylvius and Domine [Joannes] Cloppenburg, who, with your Reverence, were charged* with the superintendence of these regions; but as this would take long and the time is short, and my occupations at the present time many, will your Reverence be pleased to give my friendly and kind regards to their Reverences,


* Belastet. Dit was dus door de * Belastet-charged, burdened. This duty had been thus committed to cer- tain Amsterdam preachers by the Synod of North Holland. The preachers named in the text were all at this time active in Amsterdam; Sylvius and Triglandius since 1610, Petri since 1612, and Clop- penburg since 1621.


Noord-Holl. Synodus aan eenige Am- sterdamsche predikanten opgedragen .- De in den tekst genoemde predikanten waren allen destijds nog te Amsterdam werkzaam; Sylvius en Triglandius sints 1610, Petri sints 1612, en Cloppenburg sints 1621.


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mij te excuseren, mids dat ick haren schuldenaer blijve, om mijne belofte de naeste reyse (soo God wil) te vervullen, Wilt oock mijne hertgrondelijcke groetenisse doen aen E. D. Triglandium ende voorts alle de Broederen des Kercken- raeds, aen welcke alle ick voor dees tijd niet noodich en achte bijscon- derlijek te schrijven, als die van mij gemaeckt werden participanten in dese tijdingen, ende geerne tevreden sijn uyt Uwer E. hand geaest te werden. Soo 't Uwer E. gelegen sal zijn ofte yemand der E. Broederen om herwaerds aen mij een letterken te schrijven van dingen daeraen mij enigsins mochte gelegen zijn: het soude mij (hier levende in een woest land, buyten alle tgeselschap van onse orden) gansch vermakelijk sijn, ende een spore om den E. E. Broederen, van alles dat hier soude mogen voor- vallen, des te vlijtiger overte- schrijven. Doch vooral en dient niet vergeten dat mijne hertelijcke groete geschieden aen Uwer E. be- minde huysvrouwe ende swager dewelcke mij niet dan alle vriend- schap ende deugt (oock boven mijne weerde) bewesen hebben. Soo daer yets ware waerin ick hen ende Uwer E. wederomme conde dienen ofte gratificeren, het soude mij van herten lief zijn ende ick soude mij in genige dingen willen te nooden maken .*


Hiermede dan eindigende, ende mij selven in Uwer E. gunste ende godsalige gebeden tot den Heere bevelende:


Eerweerde Welgeleerde Heere, beminde Br. in Christo ende goed- gunstige vriend,


and to excuse me, on condition that I remain their debtor to fulfill my promise - God willing - the next time. Will you, also, give my sin- cere respects to the Reverend Domine Triglandius, and to all the Brethren of the Consistory (at Am- sterdam) besides, to all of whom I have not thought it necessary to write particularly at this time, as they are made by me participants in these tidings, and are content to be fed from the hand of your Reverence. If it shall be conveni- ent for your Rever-


ence or any of the Correspond- Reverend Brethren to ence. write to me a letter


concerning matters which might be important in any degree to me, it would be very interesting to me, living here in a wild country with- out any society of our order, and would be a spur to write more as- siduously to the Reverend Brethren concerning what may happen here. And especially do not forget my hearty salutations to the beloved wife and brother-in-law of your Reverence, who have shown me nothing but friendship and kind- ness above my deserts. If there is anything in which I can in return serve or gratify your Reverence, I shall be glad to do so, and shall not be delinquent in anything .*


Concluding then herewith, and commending myself to your Rever- ence's favor and to your holy pray- ers to the Lord.


Reverend and Learned Sir, Be- loved Brother in Christ, and Kind Friend:


* Beteekent


dit: willen


te kort


* Willen te nooden maken: - This means - to be willing to fall short - in nothing.


schieten?


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Soo wil ick Uwe E. ende allen den uwen den Almogenden God in genaden tot een langduyrige voor- spoed ende gesondheyd ende tot een eeuwige zalicheyd van herten bevolen hebben.


Wt het Eyland van Manhatas desen 11n Augusti Ao. 1628, in Nieuw-Nederland, bij mij Uwer E. in Christo gansch dienst willige. JONAS MICHAELIUS.


Heartily commending your Rev- erence and all of you to Almighty God, to continue health and pros- perity, and to eternal salvation, by His Grace.


From the island of Manhatas in New Netherland, this 11th day of August, Anno 1628, by me, your Reverence's very obedient servant in Christ.


JONAS MICHAELIUS.


REV. JONAS MICHAELIUS.


From Van der Aa's Biographical Dictionary .- Michaëlius, Jonas, cousin (neef) of the following, born in 1577, probably at Hoorn, allowed himself to be inscribed as a Member of the Uni- versity (Academie-burgher, or citizen of the University) at Ley- den. He became pastor at Nieuwbokswoude in 1612, and at Hem in 1614. Ten years later in 1624, he sailed with the fleet of Piet Heyn, to San Salvador in Brazil, where he had been appointed as the permanent minister. The next year, when we (the Dutch) had to vacate again this strong point, the Reformed minister left also with the Dutch. In 1625, or in the beginning of 1626, we find him laboring in Guinea, at the fort St. George del Mina, (d'Elmina). In 1627 he returned to the Fatherland. In Janu- ary, 1628, he sailed with his wife and three children to North America and became the first minister of the Dutch Reformed Church at Manhattan or New Amsterdam, subsequently called New York. Thence he wrote on August 11, 1628, an important letter to Adrian Smoutius, minister in Amsterdam. This letter was communicated by Mr. Bodel Nijenhuis to the Archives (Archief) of Profs. Kist and Moll, Part I, pp. 365 et seq. It seems that about the year 1633 he returned again to the Father- land or removed as minister, to Virginia .* In 1637 and 1638


* This is plainly an error in Van der Aa. There could have been no reason for his going to (the present state of) Virginia, where there were no Dutch; but the term Virginia is frequently employed, as inclusive of New Netherland. The extracts given below in this work abundantly show this. See such extracts. See also Henry C. Murphy's remarks on Rev. Jonas Michaelius in Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 759-761.


SEAL OF THE CLASSIS OF AMSTERDAM, ADOPTED 1638.


An open Bible with an Olive Branch lying upon it and with the words " Veritas et Pax " encircling it and the word " Jehovah " in Hebrew letters, over the Bible.


Photographed from a wax impression on a letter of the Classis written in 1772 in which they grant independence to the Reformed Church in America.


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he is again met with in the Netherlands, and was again recom- mended by the Classis of Amsterdam to the Directors of the West India Company.


See J. Hoornbech, Sorg en Raad aang. de Evangelie-prediking in Oost en West Indie, 's Gravenh. 1732 (achter W. Hogerwaarts Afscheidsreden tot de gemeynte op Batavia, bl. 53, 55; M. Veeris,


The following Tablet has recently been erected in the Middle Dutch Church, New York City, 2nd Avenue, near 7th St. to Rev. Jonas Michaellus.


TO THE GLORY OF GOD AND IN MEMORY OF THE REVEREND JONAS MICHAELIUS THE FIRST MINISTER OF THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA.


Who, A.D. 1628, organized, in New Amsterdam, this Church, when " full ffty communicants, received the Lord's Supper - not without joy and comfort to many."


From this " beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ the Son of God," this Church has " continued steadfastly in the apostles doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread and in prayers."


" Mid toll and tribulation, And tumult of her war, She waits the consummation Of peace for evermore; Till with the vision glorious Her longing eyes are blest, And the great Church victorious Shall be the Church at rest."


ERECTED, A.D. 1900.


Note on John Michaelius, cousin of Rev. Jonas Michaelius, who was the first minister in New Amsterdam.


Michaelius, Johannes, or Michielsz. Jan, called also Johannes Michaelius Kerati- nus, (Horn), after his birth place Hoorn, was a pupil of Beeckman, and preceptor of the third class at the Illustrious School at Dordrecht. He lived during the first half of the XVIIth century, and was, in his day, a philosopher not without renown, as well as a Greek, Latin, and Dutch poet. His bosom friend and brother in arts, John van Someren, secretary of the " Chambre-mie-partie," (a Chamber of Rhet- oric) and Pensionary (or Corporation Counsel) of Nymegen, somewhere calls him " Magnus Philosophus ". His " Libellus de Oculo, seu de natura visus ": his " Dia- logus de aeternitate ", Dordrechti, H. Essaeus, 1645, 12 mo .; and some philosophical and mathematical treatises, which were never published, would have given him a right to this title. Of his Greek muse, we possess as a specimen, only a " Te- trastichon ", among the poemata at the back of the aforesaid Libellus; of his Latin muse there are more at hand, such as " Carmina Sacra "; " Elogia "; one entitled - " Virgo Dordracena "; another, " De Continibus 70 pagis Dordrechtum circumja-


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Reg. v. N. Holl. bl. 318; v. d. Aa, Aardrijksk. Woordenb. D. viii.) bl. 92; vooral Bodel Nijenhuis, t. a. p.


ADRIANUS SMOUTIUS.


Note on Rev. Adrianus Smoutius, to whom Rev. Jonas Michaëlius addressed his letter in 1628.


For many years Rev. Adrian Smoutius had borne an active part in the controversies between Calvinists and Arminians. In 1606 he was without charge. Previously, he had been pastor of the church of Rhoon, a village a few miles south of Delftshaven, but across the river Maas. Under the lead of an older minister, a pastor at Rotterdam, he came into conflict in 1606 with the magis- trates of that city on account of their tolerance of Arminians. On July 20, 1613, he was summoned before the States for a seditious publication. He was condemned to live at 's Gravesande, which is south of the Hague and west of Delft, and to remain


centibus inundatione horribile submersis ". [This refers to the great flood of 1477, when the Biesborch was formed.] Of his Dutch poems we possess only a tragedy entitled, " Julius Caesar ofte Kaisermoorders ",- Emperor murderers, or Regicides, Dordrecht, H. van Esch, 1645, 12 mo. This pleased the poet van Someren so greatly that he composed on it an "Epitymbion ". He wrote poetry also after the style of Huyghens and Hooft, as is evident from a certain poem of his, written in the style wherein these, as well as Tesselschade and Anna Roemer Visschers, (two sisters), J. van Brosterhuyzen, G. R. Doublet, and others, have written.


He also composed a few Latin verses (to be placed) under the likeness of John van Beverwyck.


Under his own likeness, by Joshua Offermans, are two lines by Brey; under an- other are these, by van Someren:


" Wat oyt het prachtigh Griekenlandt, En Rome vol van wysheyt vant, Dat schuylt hier in dit deftig hooft, Wiens naem geen sterflickheyt en dooft." (Whate'er the splendid land of Greece, And Roman wisdom found t' increase, This hides here in this stately head, Whose name oblivion need not dread.) .


The same poet composed an Epitymbion in obitum lectissimae foeminae Jacobae Michaelius, V. Kal. 1644 - (Month not given.)


Michaelius died August 3, 1646. See Hoeufft, Parn. Belg. p. 174; van Someren, Uysp. der Vern. passim .; Schotel, Gesch. Lett. en Oudheidk. Avoudst. bl. 99; Bijdr. tot de Gesch. v.d. Geest en Wereldl. Kleed. D. I. bl. 57; Ill. school, bl. 82-84, 225 .- From A. J. van der Aa's Biographisch Woordenboek.


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there until further orders. But in 1617 he went to Amsterdam in defiance of orders, but he had enrolled himself as a citizen, as a precautionary measure.


In 1617 a few bright spirits in the literary life of the Capital had formed an " Akademie " for the encouragement of litera- ture, among whose members was Vondel, the famous poet. But this " Academy ", says Jonckbloet, with its poets, found in domine Smout a vehement antagonist, not so much on literary grounds, as because these gifted minds occupied themselves mainly in satirizing the prevailing clericalism of the day. Smout signally failed in " speaking the truth in love". He was so vio- lent and unmeasured in his denunciations that Burgomaster Hooft, the father of the poet and historian, once asked him, "if he could point to any author who could equal him in slander and vituperation ".


He was again complained of because of an attack on a pastor of Rotterdam whom he charged with being a follower of Arminius. He, however, appealed to his privilege as a citizen, which would have compelled the aggrieved party to prosecute him in Amster- dam, which he did not care to do. In August, 1618, he was permitted by the States to visit his sick and aged mother at Rot- terdam, on condition that he announce his arrival to the Burgo- masters, and pledge himself to keep the peace. He was allowed to stay two weeks, but if detained longer, he must give notice to the Burgomasters and obtain permission for a longer stay.


With the meeting of the Synod of Dort, 1618-19, Calvinism became triumphant. In November, Smoutius was still at Rot- terdam, but not as an exile. The decree, banishing him from Rotterdam and Schiedam, was rescinded. He even visited the Synod of Dort, with letters to the clerical and political delegates from Rotterdam. He then became pastor at Overmass, a hamlet across the river Maas, and opposite Rotterdam. In Wagenaar's Description of Amsterdam, ii. 143, we read that, " as the twenty second minister, called to the Collegiate churches of Amsterdam in 1620 from Overmaas, he remained until January 7th 1630,


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when he withdrew from that city to Rotterdam, and died in 1646 ". This is mildly expressed. In Amsterdam he pursued the same intolerant course against all opponents of Calvinism. In 1622 a couple of Arminians were elected to the municipal government of Amsterdam. Much to the disgust of Smoutius, they began soon to be allowed some religious privileges. From 1619-1625 public worship had been forbidden to them. Smoutius was fore- most in denouncing this leniency. He declared that the election of Arminians to the Magistracy and the recall of Hugo Grotius was " admitting the Trojan horse ". At his instigation and that of others, the conventicles of Arminians were attacked, furniture destroyed, and personal violence experienced. When the Burgo- masters called upon the Prince of Orange for troops to quell these disturbances, Smoutius declared that officers and men, who were thus compelled to protect Arminians, were discharged from their oath of allegiance to the Prince, because that oath bound them only to defend the true religion, and not that condemned by the Synod of Dort. Some acted on this advice and were cashiered. The Calvinists attacked the Council. Smoutius denounced the magistrates from the pulpit, and held up the soldiers who had listened to him, as models. Summoned before the Burgomasters, he denounced them to their face, comparing them to Rehoboam. The riot continued, until on January 7, 1630, he was ordered to leave Amsterdam before sundown. A canal boat was placed at his disposal, and he departed. This circumstance as well as the name of Smoutius are commemorated in verse by that prince of Dutch poets, Joost Vondel:


" No Papist and no firebrand here Their baneful trade may ply; The packet-boat's at hand for those Who raise Sedition's cry, Like Smout and Kloppenburg. "*


* Geen Paep geen stokebrand mag hier den wervel draeien; De tochtschuit leit gereet, voor al die oproer kraeien, Als Smout, en Kloppenburgh; wien nu het harte breekt, Zoo dik by in den Briel voor zes paer voren preekt .- Hekeld, page 199.


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Kloppenburg, one of the ministers mentioned in the letter of Michaëlius, was banished at the same time and for the same reason. Smoutius subsequently accepted a salary from the Council that banished him. He died at Rotterdam in 1646.


His plain Dutch name, in full, was Adriaan Jorisson Smout. He must have been a man of ability to have been called to Am- sterdam.


See Dr. Daniel Van Pelt's Article, Christian Intelligencer, October 13, 1897. See also Jan Wagenaar's Amsterdam, 3 vols. Dutch, Vol. i. 481, 510-513, with references to authorities. Tran- scripts, covering many years, concerning Smoutius, were made by Rev. E. T. Corwin, in 1898, from the Minutes of Synod of North Holland. These are in the Sage Library, New Brunswick, N. J. They have been translated.


Notes on the other Ministers mentioned in the letter of Michaëlius, 1628.


Rev. Joannes Cornelius Silvius was the eighteenth minister in the Collegiate churches of Amsterdam. He was called there from Sloten to the Gasthuis, (Hospital) in 1610, and in 1622, to the churches. He died 19 November, 1638.


Rev. Jacobus Triglandius was the nineteenth minister in Am- sterdam. He was called in 1610 from the church of Stolckwyck, and in 1634 became professor of Theology at Leiden, where he died on April 11, 1654.


Rev. Rudolphus Petri was the twentieth minister in Amster- dam. He was called from the church of Saanredam in 1612 to the church of Amsterdam, and died on the 4th of June, 1649.


Rev. Johannes Kloppenburg was the twenty fourth minister in Amsterdam. He was called from Heusden in 1621; in 1630 he became the minister at Brielle; and in 1640, professor of Theology at Harderwyck, and in 1644, Professor of Theology at Fransker. He died in 1652.


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ECCLESIASTICAL RECORDS


SYNOD OF NORTH HOLLAND, AT AMSTERDAM.


1628, Aug. 15 et seq.


Article 20, English Synod.


Touching the 3rd Gravamen of (the Classis of) Amsterdam, concerning the opposition to the pretended English Synod, touched on in Art. 24 (of this year): There is opened up, in this topic, the subject of the English Synod in South Holland, about which silence has been maintained. Under this Synod, therefore, (reference to) their (English) Synods may be omitted. The Deputies were ordered to keep a watchful eye that the name of said (English) Synod be omitted, as heretofore.


Article 51. (East and West Indies.)


In relation to (lit. occasion of) Church Government in the East Indies: It was resolved that all those who shall be hereafter sent, as preachers or sieckentroosters to the East or West Indies, must have from the respective Churches and Classes, which send them, special calls, in conformity with the examples of (the Classis of) Amsterdam and Enckhuysen. This matter has been particularly urged upon the correspondents, (from the other Synods), especially upon those of Groningen, and they have ac- cepted it.


Furthermore, the said Church-Order, as the same was sent hither from India, was brought before Synod by the Rev. Jacob Laurentius, minister at Amsterdam, coming from the hands of the Directors of the East India Company. The offer was made by the said Company, that if anything should be inserted or modi- fied in the said Church-Order, if it were done with their cog- nizance, it would be approved by them. This Church-Order hav- ing been read, at the request of the respective correspondents, (of the other Synods), it was resolved, to have the same communi- cated by the Deputies of our Synod to those respective corre- spondents; and that copies be allowed them, and that the same


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shall be brought to the next ensuing Synod, with notes and amendments. Such action will then be taken as seems proper.




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