USA > New York > Monroe County > Gazetteer and business directory of Monroe County, N.Y. for 1869-70 > Part 6
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When the property belonging to the es- tate of a person deceased, lies under dif- ferent jurisdictions and it becomes neces- sary to take out letters in two or more p'aces, the letters should be stamped ac- cording to the value of all the property, real. personal, and mixed, for or in respect of which the particular letters in cach case are issued.
Letters de bonis non should be stamped according to the amount of property re- maining to be administered upon therenn- der, regardless of the stamps upon the orig- inal letters.
A mere copy of an instrumentis not sub- joet to stamp duty unless it is a certified one. in which case a five-cent stamp should be affixed to the certificate of the person attesting it: but when the instrument is executed and issued in duplicate, triplicate, &c., as in the case of a lease of two or more parts. each part has the same legal effect as the other, and each should be stamped as an original.
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41
POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS.
POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS.
LETTERS .- The law requires postage on all letters (including those to foreign coun- tries when prepaid), excepting those writ- ten to the President or Vice President, or members of Congress, or (on official busi- ness) to the chiefs of the executive depart- ments of the Government, and the heads of bureaux and chief clerks, and others invest- ed with the franking privilege, to be pre- paid by stamps or stamped envelopes, pre- payment in money being prohibited.
All drop-letters must be prepaid. The rate of postage on drop-letters, at offices where free delivery by carrier is establish- ed, is two cents per half ounce or fraction of a half ounce ; at offices where such free delivery is NOT established the rate is one cent.
The single rate of postage on all domes- tic mail letters throughout the United States, is three cents per half ounce, with an additional rate of three cents for each additional half ounce or fraction of a half ounce. The ten cent (Pacific) rate is abol- ished.
NEWSPAPERS, ETC .- Letter postage is to be charged on all handbills, cirenlars, or other printed matter which shall contain any manuscript writing whatever.
Daguerreotypes, when sent in the mail. are to be charged with letter postage by weight.
Photographs on cards, paper, and other flexible material. (not in cases), can be sent at the same rate as miscellaneous printed matter, viz .. two cents for each four ounces or fraction thereof.
Photograph Albums are chargeable with book postage-four cents for each four ounces or fraction thereof.
NEWSPAPER POSTAGE .- Postage on daily papers to subscribers when prepaid quar- terly or yearly in advance. either at the mailing office or office of delivery, per quarter (three months), 85 cts. ; six times per week, per quarter 30 ets. : for tri-week- ly. per quarter 13 cts. : for semi-weekly. per quarter 10 ets. ; for weekly, per quarter 5 Cunta.
Weekly newspapers (one copy only) sent by the publisher to actual subscribers with- in the county where printed and published, [ the subscription expires, subjects the pack- FREE.
Postage per quarter (to be paid quarterly or yearly in advance) on newspapers and periodicals issued less frequently than once a week, sent to actual subscribers in any part of the United States: Semi-monthly. not over 4 oz., 6 cts ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 12 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 18 cts. ; monthly, not over 4 oz .. 3 ct> : over 4 oz. and not over S oz., 6 cts. : over S oz. and not over 12 oz., 9 cts. ; quarterly, not over 4 oz., 1 cent; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 2 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 3 cts.
TRANSIENT MATTER .- Books not over 4 oz. in weight, to one address, 4 cts. ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., S cts. : over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz .. 12 cts. ; over 12 oz. and not over 16 oz., 16 cts.
Circulars not exceeding three in number to one address, 2 cts. ; over 3 and not over 6. 4 cts. : over 6 and not over 9, 6 cts. ; over 9 and not exceeding 12, 8 cts.
On miscellaneous mailable matter. (em- braeing all pamphlets, occasional publica- tions, transient newspapers, hand-bills and posters, book manuscriptsand proof-sheets, whether corrected or not, maps, prints, en- gravings, sheet music, blanks, flexible pat- terus, samples, and sample cards, phono- graphic paper, letter envelopes, postal en- velopes or wrappers, cards, paper, plain of ornamental, photographic representations of different types, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots and scions,) the postage to be pre-paid by -tamps, is on one package, to one ad- dress, not over 4 oz. in weight, 2 cts. ; over 4 oz. and not over Soz., 4 ets .: over $ oz. and not over 12 oz .. 6 cts. ; over 12 oz. and not over 16 oz., S cts. The weight of pack- ages of seeds, cuttings, roots and scions, to be franked, is limited to thirty-two ounces.
Any word or communication, whether by printing, writing, marks or signs, upon the cover or wrapper of a newspaper, pamphlet. magazine, or other printed matter. other than the name or address of the person to whom it is to be sent, and the date when fage to letter postage.
,
FOREIGN POSTAGE.
Letters per one-half ounce.
Newspapers if not over 4 oz., pre-payment compulsory.
Books, Packets, Prints, Patterns, or samples, per 4 ounces, pre- payment compulsory.
COUNTRIES.
By Direct Mail.
Closed Mail via England.
By Direct Mail.
Closed Mail via . England.
By direct Mail.
Closed Mail via England.
Paid.
Unp'd.
Paid.
Unp'd
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
North German Union, (including all the German States and Austria). ... ..
10
10
15
15
3
1
8
8
Denmark .
13
16
18
21
6
7
10
12
Sweden.
14
16
19
21
8
11
13
Norway.
16
18
21
23
5
8
8
10
Rn -- in.
15
18
20
23
Switzerland.
15
15
20
20
10
18
15
Greece ..
18
18
23
23
7
8
10
12
Tudy (vin Austria).
1.1
14
15
14
19
18
6
7
8
10
12
Turkey ...
15
15
20
20
9
10
12
14
Egypt ..
20
20
25
MONEY ORDERS .- Absolute safety in eending money by mail Is secured by obtaining a Money Order, on any Money Order Office, for which the fees are :- Orders not exceeding $20, 10 cents. Orders not exceeding $50, 25 cents. SE/" NEVER PUT MONEY IN A LETTER-ALWAYS PROCURE A MONEY ORDER.
Valuable Lettere should be carried to the Post-offfee. If money is to be remitted, a Postal Money Order should be obtained. If upon points where there is no Money Order Office, then the letter should be registered. Money should never be enclosed in an ordinary letter.
SPAMTS AND ENVELOPES Can be obtained at the BOX DELIVERY. Envelopes in numbers not less than 500 with the "address of the purchaser," and a "return request," across the end, can be procured (by leaving an order with the Post-master,) at the same prices as ordinary stamped envelopes.
REGISTERED LETTERS .- Valuable Lettere for any part of the United States, Holland. United Kingdom, Italian States, Africa, East Indice, Egypt, Falkland Islands, China, and Australia, will be registered on application at the office.
Registry fee to the above foreign countries, 16 cents. Registry fee in the United States, 15 cents ; Canada and the British Provinces, 5 cents ; North Germany. Heents. S+5 Letters addressed to POST-MASTERS must be prepaid at the usual rates.
RI.LES :- 1. Direct Letters plainly to the street and number, as well as the Post-office and State.
2. Head letters with the name of the writer's Post office and State, Street and Number. Sign them with full name, and request that answers be directed accordingly.
3. Letter- sent to strangers or transient visitors in a town or city, whose special address may be unknown, should be marked on the lower left hand corner with the word " Transient."
4. Have the postage stamp on the upper right hand corner, and leave space between the stamp and direction for post marking, without interfering with the writing. N. B .-- A request for the return of a letter to the writer, if wuclaimed within thirty days or less, written or printed, with the writer's name, Post Office and State across the left hand side of the envelope, on the face side, will be complied with. Letters bearing ruch indorsements will be returned to the writer free of charge.
42
POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS.
12
Papal States
13
13
18
11
Moldavia and Wallachia
8
10
10
12
14
9
11
13
43
POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS.
Additional Table of Foreign Postage.
The * indicates that, noles- the letter is registered, pre-payment is optional ; in all other cases it is required. § Pamphlets and Periodicals, ten cents per four ouncee or fraction thereof. # Pamphlets, Magazines, &c., two cents per four ounces or fraction thereof.
COUNTRIES.
News
papers.
Mphlets
Acapulco.
10
2
+
Argentine Republic, 23d each month from N. Y.
18
25
Aspinwall
10
Australia, British Mail, via Southampton
22
6
Bahamas, by direct steamer from New York.
3
2
Bozon, New Granada.
18
9
Bolivia.
31
Brazils. 23d each month from New York.
10
Buenos Ayres. 23d each month from New York.
18
25
Canada, any distance, (if not prepaid, 10 cts.).
* 6
2
Central America, Pacific Slope, via Panama.
10
2
Chili. British Mail, via Panama ..
34
6
9
China. (except Amoy, Canton, Fuchow, Hong Kong, Swatow).
10
Costa Rica
10
Cuba ..
10
2
+
Eenador. British Mail, via Panama
34
6
Great Britain
*12
2
10
Havana.
10
2
Honduras
10
2
10
2
+++
Japan. via San Francisco.
10
2
++
Mexico ..
10
2
Montevideo. 23d each month from N. Y.
13
25
Nassau, N. Prov., by direct steamer from N. Y.
3
*
6
2
-
New Granada. (except Aspinwall and Panama).
18
4
10
2
* 6
2
10
·2
Panama
34
6 4
Prince Edward's Island ..
* 6
2
Turk's Island ...
10
2
Uruguay, by Am. pkt. 23d each month from N. Y.
18
25
Vancouver's Island.
10
Venezuela, British Mail, via Aspinwall.
18
4
do by American Ven. packet.
10
3
The recent postal treaty with Great Britain provides that besides letters and newsps- pers. "book packets," and " packets of patterns and samples," may be sent. Such packets --
1. Mast contain no writing.
2. Must be fully prepaid (6 cents per 4 ounces from the U. S., or 3 pence sterling from Great Britain.)
3. Must be open at the ends to allow inspection.
Samples of merchandise must not be of intrinsic value.
Dutiable articles-books, music, &c., sent from Great Britain to the United States. mu-t. in addition to the postage. pay the remmler duties, which are-Ou books and engravings. 25 per cent .; music and photographe. 20 per cent.
If letters or articles sent to Italy are not prepaid, or are insufficiently paid. they will be charged with dencient postage, and subject to fine, on arrival at their destination.
+++++ +00
Peru, British Mail. via Panama ..
1S
Sandwich Islands, by mail to San Francisco.
10
2
++++
Newfoundland, (15 c. if over 3,000 miles).
10
2
++++++800 S
Guatemala
2
Hory Kong. Amoy, Canton, Fuchow, Swatow, via San Francisco
New Brunswick.
Nicaragua. Pacific Slope, via Panama ..
Nova Scotia (* 10 cts. per }{ oz. if unpaid).
Porto Rico. British Mail, via San Juan.
+ +
.
++ 000+
Lettere.
44 RULES FOR DETECTING COUNTERFEIT BANK NOTES.
Infallible Rules for Detecting Counterfeit or Spurious Bank Notes.
RULE 1st .- Examine the shading of the | fine letters. Counterfeits never bear the letters in title of Bank called LATHEWORK, imprint perfect. This rule should be strict- ly observed, as it is infallible in detecting counterfeits. which in genuine notes presents an even, straight, light and silky appearance, geu- erally so fine and smooth as to appear to be all in one solid, pale body. In the counter- feit the lines are coarse and irregular, and in many of the longer lines breaks will be perceived, thus presenting a very inferior finish in comparison to gennine work.
2d .- Observe the dies, circles and ovals in the genuine; they are composed of a network of lines, which, by crossing each other at certain angles, produce an endless variety of figures ; SEE THE ONE CENT STAMP ATTACHED. The fine line alone is the unit which enables you to detect spurious work. In the counterfeit, the REPRESENTED white lines are coarse, irregular, and cross each other in a confused, irregular manner. thus producing blurred and imperfect figured.
Sd -Examine the form and features of all human figures on the note. In the gen- nine, the texture of the skin is represented by fine dots and lines intermixed. In the eyes, the pupil is distinctly visible, and the white clearly seen ; the nose, mouth and chin, well formed, natural and expressive; the lips are slightly pouting, and the chin well thrown out; and the delicate shading
of the neck perfectly harmonizes with the lare seldom clearly defined. Ships are
rest of the figure. Observe the fingers and toes ; they should be clearly and accurately detined. The hair of the head should show the fine strands and present a natural ap- pearance. The folds of the drapery of hu- man figures should lay natural and present a fine. finished appearance. In the counter- feit the female figure does not bear the natural prominence in outlines; observe, the eyes and shading surrounding does not present the lifelike appearance it should. The fingers and toes are not properly and proportionately defined : the Cair does not bear that soft and finished appearance as in the genuine.
5th .- In the genuine note the landscapes are well finished ; trees and shrubs are neatly drawn ; the limbs well proportioned, and the foliage presenting a fine natural appearance ; clear sky is formed of fine parallel lines, and when clouds or heavy ekies appear, they cross each other, and bear a soft, smooth and natural appear- ance. The perspective, showing a view of the surrounding country, is always clear and distinct. The small figures in the background are always plainly seen, and their ontlines and general character re- cornized. Ships are well defined and the cauvass has a clear texture ; railroad cars ¡ are very accurately delineated ; in examin- ing a train observe carefully the car most distant. In the counterfeit the landscape is usually poorly executed : the leaves of trees poorly and unnaturally defined .- The lines representing still water are scratchy rather than parallel, the sky is represented generally in like manner, and where rolling clouds are to be seen, the nunatural effect is obvious. Domestic animals are generally poorly executed, particularly the head and limbs ; the eyes poorly drawn, the texture of the canvass coarse and inferior in style of workman- ship, thus giving an artificial appearance. Railroad cars are also poorly executed ; the car farthest from the eye is usually the most imperfect. The perspective is always imperfect, the figures in the background can seldom be recognized.
6th .- Bills altered from a smaller to a higher denomination, can readily be de- tected by a close observer. in consequence of the striking difference between the parts which have been extracted and the rest of the note. This difference is readily por- ceived in the lack of color, body and finish of the dye; we have seen bills where the
4th .- Examine the imprint or engraver's names in the evenness and shape of the | enrrounding shading in altered dies was
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45
HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS.
too dark, but from the back or finish of the | tected by observing first the state, second white lines you have a sure test. Again the title or name of the bank, third the town or location. observe particularly the words " Five " or "Ten Dollars " as the case may be, denot- ing the denomination of the note; the parallel outlines and shading (if any) are coarse and imperfect. Alterations are fre- quently made by pasting a greater denomi- nation over a smaller, but by holding the bill up to the light, the fraud will be per- ceived. Another method resorted to is to cut out the figures in the dies as well as the words one dollar, or the words two of three as the case may be, and with a sharp eraser, scrape down the ends and also the edges of the pieces to be inserted; when the pieces thus prepared are affixed they are hardly perceivable; but by passing the note through the hand. so as to feel the die both with the finger and thumb at the same time, the fraud will be de- tected by the stiffness of the outer edges, "occasioned by the gum or method adopted" in affixing the parts. The letter S should always be examined, as in many alterations it is pasted or stamped at the end of the word " dollar ;" and even when stamped there, the carrying out of the out- lines for its shading will readily show the fraud. Bills of broken banks are frequent- ly altered by extracting the name of bank, state and town ; they may readily be de-
GENERAL REMARKS IN REFERENCE TO COUNTERFEIT3 .- The paper on which they are printed is generally of a very inferior quality, with less body, finish and tough- ness than bank note paper has. The ink generally lacks the rich luster of the gen- uine ; the red letters and figures are gen- erally imperfect, and the ink does not pre- sent the vermillion hue as it should. The printing is generally inferior, usually ex- hibiting specks of white in the most promi- nent letters. The date and filling up, and the President's and Cashier's names are generally written by the same person, although in many instances they present a different appearance. There are billy in circulation bearing either genuine dies or vignettes ; but upon close examination you will be enabled to detect any spurious bill, whether counterfeit or altered. by the instructions here given, if persevered in for a short time. We beg to suggest, it time will admit, the learner should examine minutely every bill he receives. A pow- erful pocket magnifying glass, which can be purchased for from fifty cents to Que do !- lar at any of the opticians, will grentiy en- able you to see and comprehend the differ- ence between gennine and spurious work
HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS.
What will my readers give to know how to get rich ? Now, I will not vouch that the following rules will enable every per- son who may read them to acquire wealth ; but this I will answer for, that if ever a man does grow rich by honest menns, and retains his wealth for any length of time. he minst practice upon the principles laid down in the following essay. The re- marks are not original with me. but I of every young man, at least as affording the true secret of success in attaining wealth. A single perusal of such an essay at an impressible moment, has sometimes a very wonderful effect upon the disposi- tion and character.
her shrine. Now, all this is a vile slander upon the dear blind lady.
"Although wealth often appears the result of mere accident, or a fortunate concur- rence of favorable circumstances without any exertion of skill or foresight, yet any man of sound health and unimpaired mind may become wealthy, if he takes the prop- er steps.
Foremost in the list of requisites are strongly commend them to the attention ! honesty and strict integrity in every trans- action of life. Let a man have the reputa- tion of being fair and upright in his deal- ings, and he will possess the confidence of all who know himn. Without these qualities every other merit will prove unavailing. Ask concerning a man, " Is he active and Fortune, they say, is a fickle dame-full of her freaks and caprices; who blindly distributed her favore without the slightest die rimination. So inconstant, so waver. 1 in is she represented, that her most faith- fut votaries can place no reliance ou her promises. Disappointment, they tell us, is the lot of those who make offerings at | capable ?" Yes. "Industrious, temper- die and roniar in his habits : "-Ohyes. " [- be honest? Is he trustworthy Why, a- to that. I am sorry to say that he is not to be trusted ; he needs watching; he is a little tricky, and will take an univ. advantage, if he can. "Then I will have nothing to do with him," will be the in
46
HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS.
variable reply. Why, then, is honesty the | Argus beforehand, and the hundred hands best policy ? Because, without it, you will of Briaring afterwards. get a bad name, and everybody will shun you.
A character for knavery will prove an in- surmountable obstacle to success in al- most every undertaking. It will be found that the straight line is, in business, as in geometry. the shortest. In a word, it is almost impossible for a dishonest man to acquire wealth by a regular process of bus- iness, because he is shunned as a depreda- tor upon society.
Needy men are apt to deviate from the rule of integrity, under the plea that ne- cessity knows no law ; they might as well add that it knows no shame. The course is suicidal, and by destroying all confidence, ever keeps them immured in poverty. although they may possess every other quality for success in the world.
Punctuality, which is said to be the soul of business, is another important element in the art of money getting. The man We are now to consider a very important principle in the business of money-getting, namely-Industry - Dersevering, indefati- gable attention to business. Persevering diligence is the Philosopher's stone, which turns everything to gold. Constant, regu- lar habitual and systematic application to known to be scrupulously exact in the ful- fillment of his engagements, gains the confidence of all, and may command all the means he can use with advantage : whereas, a man careless and regardless of his promises in money matters will have every purse closed against him. Therefore | business, must in time, if properly directed. be prompt in your payments.
Next, let us consider the advantages of a cantious circumspection in our inter- course with the world. Slowness of be- lief and a proper distrust are essential to success. The credulous and confiding are ever the dupes of knaves and impostors. Ask those who have lost their property how it happened, and you will find in most cases that it has been owing to mis- placed confidence. One has lost by en- dorsing, another by crediting, another by false representations ; all of which a little more foresight and a little more dis- trust would have prevented. In the af- fairs of this world men are not saved by : faith. but by the want of it.
Order and system in the management of business must not be neglected. Nothing contributes more to dispatch. Have a place for everything and everything in its place; a time for everything, and every- thing in its time. Do first what pros-ca most, and having determined what is to be done, and how it is to be done, lose no tinie in doing it. Without this method a !! is hurry and confusion, little or nothing i : accomplished, and business is attended to with neither pleasure nor profit.
A polite, affable deportment is rocom. mended. Agreeable manners contribute powerfully to a man's success. Take two men, possessing equal advantages in every other respect, but let one be gentlemanly, kind. obliging and conciliating in his mus'- ners ; the other harsh. rude and disobligin .: and the one will become rich, while the other will starve.
produce great results. It must lead to wealth, with the same certainty that pov- erty follows in the train of idleness and inattention. It has been truly remarked that he who follows his amusements in- stund of his business, will, in a short time, have no business to follow.
The art of money-saving is an important part of the art of money-getting. Without frugality no one can become rich ; with it, few would be poor. Those who consume as fast as they produce, are on the road to ruin. As most of the poverty we meet with grows out of idleness and extrava- gance. so most large fortunes bave been the result of habitnal industry and frugali- ty. The practice of economy is as neces- sary in the expenditure of time as of money. They say if " we take care of the pence the pounds will take care of thet- selves." so. if we take care of the minutes, the days will take care of theni- selves.
Judge of men by what they do. not by what they say. Believe in looks rather than words. Observe all their movements. Ascertain their motives and their ends. Notice what they say or do in their un- guarded moments, when under the influ- ence of excitement. The passions have The acquisition of wealth demand- as much self-denial. and as many sacrifices of pre-ent gratification, as the practice of virtue itself. Vice and poverty proceed, in some degree, from the same sources, namely-the disposition to sacrifice the future to the present ; the inability to fore- go a small present pleasure for great future advantages. Men fail of fortune in this world, as they fail of happiness in the world to come, simply because they are nu- willing to deny themselves momentary en- joyment- for the sake of permanent future happiness. been compared to tortures which force men to reveal their secrets. Before trusting a man, before putting it in his power to cause you a loss, possess yourself of every available information relative to him. Learn his history, his habits, inclinations and propensities ; his reputation for honor, industry, frugality and punctulity; his prospects. resources, supports, advantages and disadvantages ; his intentions and mo- tives of action ; who are his friends and enemies, and what are his good or bad qual- ities. You may learn a man'- wood qualities esd advantages from his friends-his bad Every large city is filled with persons. who, in order to support the appearance of wealth, constantly live beyond their in- come, and make up the deficiency by contracting debts which are never paid. grafitie- and disadvantages from his ene- mnie -. Make dne allowance for ex Leyeration in both. Finally, examine carefully before engaging in anything, and act with energy afterwards. Have the hundred eyes of ; Others, there are, the mere drones of so-
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