USA > New York > Cayuga County > History of Cayuga County, New York : with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 25
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137
1863.
1864
1865.
1866.
1867.
Principal. Interest.
Principal. Interest.
Principal. Interest.
Principal. Interest.
Principal.
Interest.
First series ..
$ 9,100 Oc $ 238 63 $ 546 00
3,600 00 23,500 00
1,239 86
800 00
Fourth series merged in fifth
1,044 45
Fifth series
6,792 05 105,465 00 11,096 21 105,785 00
3,677 63
Sixth series
4,132 0I
8,383 50
8,383 50
4,191 75
Seventh series
46,836 89, 100,000 00
43,785 82
Eighth series ...
170,150 00
10,970 16
88,000 00 14,542 53
Hand-money bonds ..
-
$
9, 100 Oc $ 784 63 $27, 100 00 $13,611 26 $280,615 00 $77,456 80 $361,610 00 $74,744 53 $
784 63
13,611 26
77,456 80
74,744 53
220,000 00 $51,681 33 $1,681 33
Totals .
$ 9,884 63
$40,711 26
$358,071 80
$436,354 53
$ 271,681 33
1868.
1809.
1870,
1871.
Totals.
Principal. Interest.
Principal.
| Interest. Principal. Interest.
1 Principal. Interest. Principal.
Interest.
First series
$ 9,100 00 $
238 63
Second series
7,800 00
1,069 43
Third series
24,300 00
1,289 36
Fourth series merged in fifth
1,044 45
Fifth series
211,250 00
21,565 89
Sixth series.
1Z0, 000 00
25,090 76
Seventh series
$108,475 00 $29,538 95 $108,450 00 $21,946 57 $ 108,650 00 $ 14,369 07 $150,790 13 $5,272 67
676,365 13 161,749 97
Eighth series ..
152,200 00
6,255 54
410,350 00 68,603 81
67,825 00| 15,009 05
Interest
35,794 49
21,946 57
14,369 07
5,272 67
295,661 35
Totals
$296,469 49
$130,396 57|
$123,019 07
$156,06z 80
$1,822,651 48
The money for the payment of the foregoing
sums has been received from the following
From the State of New York in bonds and money and reimburse-
Loss on State bond of $87,000, sold by direction of Supervisors
Interest on deposits and other items
Bonds charged to towns.
Direct tax ..
Total war expenses of the Cminty
Total war expenses of the towns.
Amounts paid by the several Towns in the County of Cayuga, by taxation, (independent of County war loans) for bounties and payment of bonds issued for money borrowed to pay bounties :
TOWNS.
1862.
1803.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
Totals.
Auburn
$
$
8,343 00 $
to
$
$
$
$
$ 8,343 00
Aurelius
400 00
22,741 94
7,115 50
17,798 II
Cato
8,592 00
5,571 13
2,189 54
4,657 06
21,009 73
Conquest.
1,511 77
3,250 00
4,761 77
Fleming
1,441 06
6,161 10
7,602 16
Genoa .
1,931 19
14,642 64
16, 573 83
Ira.
989 25
8,700 00
11,478 68
21,107 93
Ledyard.
1,710 00
2,719 54:
3,469 80
7,899 34
Locke.
361 22
901 34
8,509 65
4,839 00
4,815 00
21,696 94
Montezuma
1,137 68
14,000 00
15,137 68
Moravia.
2,010 00
19,140 44
21, 150 44
Niles
1,402 79
2,654 59
23,198 36
27,255 74
Owasco .
1,133 91
1,516 91
11,624 55
14.275 37
Scipio.
3,727 17
13,275 83
17,003 00
Sempronins.
900 00
910 14
10,541 47
12,351 61
Sennett. ..
1,320 29
2,104 25
8,976 77
318 06
318 06
332 64
4,133 28
2,088 64
19,591 99
Springport.
5,875 12
5,831 53
300 00
12,006 65
Sterling
Summer Hill.
2,011 92
4,880 37
4,259 59
2,123 67
Venice .
.3,677 81;
15,110 IO 7,781 52
7,752 15
16,054 59
Totals.
$ 7,517 92 $ 42,878 21 $ 229,802 50 $ 69,064 76 $ 7,646 60 $ 9,790 12 $
332 64'$ 4,133 28 $
2,088 64 $
370,254 67
$
$ 402 89
4,200 00
$ IZO 54 49 50
$
$
$ 500,80000
11,263 75 30,577 63
$542,641 38
$540,901 38
3,638 39
31,400 00
$575,939 77 1,246,711 73
$1,822,651 50
384,134 97
$2,206,786 47
thereon :
Hand-money bonds.
$260,675 00 $35,794 49 $108,450 00 $21,946 57 $108,650 00 $14, 369 07 $150,790 13 $5,272 67 $1,, 26,990 13 $295,661 35
sources, namely :
ment of bounties
Interest received on State bonds
Premium received on State bonds sold.
120,000 00 100,000 00
36,835 58 10,654 00
67,825 00 4,355 05
Interest .
CAYUGA COUNTY WAR-LOAN BONDS. Principal and interest which have been paid
WAR EXPENSES.
Throop. . . ..
2,123 6-
11,773 18
11,830 00
23,603 18
11,151 88
18,781 91
Victory ..
520 92
3,212 00
8,830 94
9,772 21
Mentz.
23,141 94
Brutus.
68z 61
10,000 00
1
·
Second series ..
Third series ..
1,740 00
138
CITY OF AUBURN.
CHAPTER XXII.
AURELIUS AND HARDENBERGH'S CORNERS.
FAVORING CIRCUMSTANCES-CHARACTER OF THE
SETTLERS -- FORMATION AND CHANGES OF THE TOWN - TERRITORIAL DESCRIPTION AND EARLY SETTLEMENT OF HARDENBERGH'S COR- NERS - COL. HARDENBERGH - HIS HABITS AND CHARACTERISTICS-WHY THE INDIANS DISPERSED - THE FIRST MILL - ROADS- EARLY COLONIES-THE FIRST SERMON-BU- RIAL-GROUND-FIRST INN-JEHIAL CLARK- FIRST TANNERY-TOWN GOVERNMENT-THE " CORNERS" IN 1800-SLAVES-FIRST POST- OFFICE-PROGRESS-WILD ANIMALS-COUN- TY SEAT -- NAME CHANGED-CLINTON'S DE- SCRIPTION OF AUBURN -- WAR OF 1812-'15.
U NTIL June, 1803, Hardenbergh's Corners had been the name of the hamlet out of which grew the village and city of Auburn. The settlement formed a part of the town of Aurelius and was under its government.
The circumstances attending the settlement of Aurelius, of the County of Cayuga, and of western New York, were peculiarly favorable as com- pared with those attending the settlement of the eastern portions of the State, and of the country generally. Sullivan, in his famous campaign against the Six Nations in 1779, had whipped them into such thorough submission that they had left, or were about leaving their lands, which, for the most part, they had ceded to the State.
The settlers, therefore, could safely penetrate the wilderness and establish their homes " with no one to molest or to make them afraid ;" with- out any dread of the tomahawk, gun and scalping- knife of the savage, which in the East, the South and the West had been the terror of the settlers, whose cabins were often consumed and their families slain by the lurking foe. We, happily,. had no Indian wars to fight, and the settlement and development of this part of the State was thus exceptionally favored.
The difficulties, toils and dangers which. our early ancestors in this region encountered, were those only which are common to a densely wooded region and a rigorous climate, where abounded numerous and ferocious wild beasts, and where, for nearly a generation, few of the comforts of
civilization could be enjoyed. But the men and women who first peopled this region were equal to the task before them. They were brave of heart and strong of hand. They were hopeful, vigorous and enterprising. Present self-denials were cheerfully borne as the price of future good, and one of the most interesting facts in the lives of the pioneers of this region is the admission made by nearly all of them, that those early years, notwithstanding their hardships and privations, were, nevertheless, the happiest of their lives.
In 1789 the territory of Cayuga County was divided into townships, and opened for settle- ment. Aurelius and Milton, the latter changed to Genoa, were formed Jan. 27th, 1789. Aurelius was then in the county of Montgomery, which, at that time, included all the western part of the State, from a line drawn north and south through the center of Schoharie county. Its name had been changed from Tryon after the Revolution. Herkimer county was formed from Montgomery, February 16th, 1791 ; Onondaga, from Herkimer, March 5th, 1794, and Cayuga, from Onondaga, March 8th, 1799.
Aurelius was at first a military township, but was so enlarged as to include several townships. * That part of Aurelius which became the village of Auburn, comprised six town lots, viz : thirty- seven, thirty-eight, forty-six, forty-seven, fifty- six and fifty-seven. 'Lot number thirty-seven lies in the north-west section of the plot and be- came the property of Robert Dill, who held and improved it, though before his purchase it had passed through several hands from the soldier to whom it had been awarded. His title is dated December 12th, 1791 ; he sold in 1796 to Amos and Gideon Tyler, one hundred acres to each from this lot, Amos paying 40£ and Gideon 86£ for their respective purchases.
Lot number thirty-eight, in the north-east cor- ner of the city, was purchased after the comple- tion of the survey, on February 27th, 1789, by Garrett Van Wagener, and the sum paid for it is not stated, the title having also previously passed through several hands.
Noah Olmstead, Jr., bought the south half of this lot in December, 1794, paying for it 120£, about $2 per acre, a part of which is now the beautiful farm of Charles Standart, Esq.
Lot number forty-six lies in the west part of
* See " formation of towns," page 36.
ADVERTISER
BANK
WALL- PAPER
BELCHERN
GENESEE ST, AUBURN. LOOKING EAST.
139
FIRST SETTLEMENTS AT HARDENBERGH'S CORNERS.
the city. Five hundred acres became the property of Robert Dill, for $1,200, and 100 acres lying in the south east corner of the lot, in what is now the heart of the city of Auburn, was bought by William Bostwick for $750, in 1794.
Lot number forty-seven embraced the south- eastern section of the city, and on it was the main water-power of this locality. It was purchased by John L. Hardenbergh. He paid 90€- about 75 cents per acre-for his purchase. The bond he gave for the purchase money is dated February 20th, 1792, and a receipt of its full pay- ment, is dated July 17th, following. This bond is on file in the collection of the Cayuga County Historical Society.
Mr. Hardenbergh had been one of the survey- ors of the military lands. He had marked this lot in his field notes as "a good mill site," and had evidently fixed his mind upon its acquisition. Captain John Doughty, had drawn the lot, and sold it to Martin and Josiah Ogden Hoffman, of whom it was purchased by Mr. Hardenbergh.
Lot number fifty-seven was awarded to Peter Gansevoort, who, rightly estimating its prospect- ive value, held it until 1805, when he sold it for about six dollars per acre to Samuel Swift.
COLONEL JOHN L. HARDENBERGH, the founder of the settlement which bore his name, was of Dutch descent and a native of Ulster county, in this State. He had more than the ordinary cult- ure of the times, was a good practical surveyor and engineer and a captain in the Revolutionary army. In the latter capacity he accompanied General Sullivan in his expedition against the Six Nations, and when the military tract was sur- veyed he was employed in that work. He wrote up a daily journal of the movements of the army, as did many of the officers of the expedition .*
The Owasco Outlet particularly attracted his attention as furnishing ample water-power ; also the beautiful and fertile regions border- ing upon it. Hence his efforts to secure lot 57, in which he succeeded.
He came on to improve his property in 1793. The records which he left behind him, show him to have been systematic and methodical in his habits. His "Journal," " Orderly Book," and the " Field Notes," and other books and papers, now
carefully preserved by the Cayuga County His- torical Society, attest this.
In his "Field Notes " of the surveys of the towns of Aurelius, Brutus, Cato, Scipio, Locke and Sempronius, he carefully notes the size, density and quality of the timber, the kind of soil, the rivers and streams, and the general topogra- phy of the region surveyed.
His had been just the experience to fit him for being the founder of a new settlement. He was capable, hardy, and enterprising. He had long dwelt in, and traversed the woods, and was so inured to their hardships and discomforts that for him, a new country had no terrors.
When he came, the old Indian trail from Utica to Canandaigua had been widened, and upon this rude way the first settlers of Auburn built their cabins .*
Colonel Hardenbergh built bis cabin in the rear of the present City Hall. The first tree felled on the site of Auburn was chopped by the competent and faithful slave of the Colonel, Harry Freeman, and the first acres were cleared by him and Gilbert Goodrich.
His cabin was strongly built to resist the in- gress of wild beasts, which were then bold and abundant, and was without a fire-place, or chim- ney. A " Dutch back," against which the fire was kindled, and a large opening in the roof for the discharge of smoke, comprised the simple arrangements for warmth and cooking.
But rude as was the home of the first settler of Auburn, it was, nevertheless, the seat of a wide and generous hospitality, dispensed alike to the native Indian and the hardy emigrant. A few red men yet lingered here, without disturbances, either among themselves, or between them and the whites.
But an enemy soon appeared which quickly and effectually gained a complete mastery over them and drove them from their village. Stores were started at the "Corners " about 1797, at which the Indians procured such articles as they desired, and among them was strong drink, the deadly foe of the savage, as it is also of the civ- ilized man. Its effects upon them were quickly manifest in repeated brawls and fights, which, for a time, the friendly influence of the whites so restrained as to avoid serious results. But on
* General John S. Clark, of Auburn, by diligent and careful research, has gathered together and copied some twenty of these military journals, which throw much light upon the previous ac- count of General Sullivan's campaign.
24
* The Indian trails, it has been shown by caretul investigation, passed over the most feasible routes, and were generally followed in laying out the earlier roads.
140
CITY OF AUBURN.
one occasion, their village was the scene of a severe and terrible combat. So drunk and crazed were the Indians, that the whites could not ap- pease them and they were left to fight off their debauch, In the morning, it was found that they had nearly all deserted their village ; the great body of them, it so proved, had left. the region altogether, and of the remaining few nearly all went upon their reservation near Union Springs. Those that remained here dwelt in their village on the site of the Auburn Prison.
The great western trail led through the " Cor- ners" and crossed the outlet just below North street. Large stones at proper distances had been placed in the stream, and these tradition represents to have been once so con- nected by bark as to form a bridge.
THE FIRST MILL .- One of the greatest dis- advantages to which the earliest settlers were exposed, was the want of mills for grinding grain and sawing lumber. The more thrifty and en- terprising pioneers early directed their attention to supplying this imperious want. Colonel Har- denbergh had located his lot with the special aim of supplying that demand. As soon as pos- sible he began the work of building a grist-mill. He threw across the Outlet a log dam just above the present stone dam of the Lewis mill. Ed- ward Wheeler and Eldad Steel were the builders of the mill, which was made of logs and covered with boughs. When finished the mill would grind with its single run of stones about one bushel an hour.
Hitherto the nearest mill had been at Seneca Falls, or at Ludlowville, the latter now in Tompkins county, and the journey to either place over the forest roads by plodding ox teams, was long and toilsome in the extreme. Many of the settlers had extemporized domestic and very simple mills, consisting of huge mortars, formed by hollowing out large stumps with fire and gouges, and suspending from spring-poles huge pestles, by which the grain was reduced to coarse flour, nutritious and healthy.
The erection of Colonel Hardenbergh's mill was, therefore, the great event of the settlement. It drew hither most of the settlers in the vicinity, whom it relieved from long journeys, or laborious poundings of their own grain. They came not only to the Corners to mill, but for general sup- plies and general business purposes as well. It
brought his property into immediate notice and greatly increased its value. It was the center of business of a large bordering area.
ROADS, as a means of access to the country and as aiding or retarding its settlement, as they were good or bad, form a proper subject of in- quiry. The old Genesee road from Utica to Can- andaigua, was the first one built and the most used. It had been so improved in 1793, when the first settler came to the Corners, as to be passable with sleighs and wagons. This im- provement had been made by the State. The " old Chenango road " leading from Chenango county along the east side of Owasco Lake to the "Corners," is believed to have been the next road built. A road was also constructed to Montezuma as early as 1794, and after 1797 was much used by the settlers in procuring salt from that place.
All these early roads were necessarily very rude. They ran through dense woods, the swamps and sloughs but little improved and most of the streams unbridged. In summer streams were forded, and in winter they were bridged with ice. In the latter season the families and goods of the early settlers were mostly transported over such roads ; and into a densely wooded region our first settlers came, literally hewing for them- selves a pathway to success.
The vicinity of Gettysburg, Pa., supplied an early colony consisting of ten families, amongst whom were Roeliff, Jacob and Luke Brinker- hoff, Charles and James Van Tyne, Philip O'Brien, Thomas and Abraham Johnson, and Albert De- maree. They left their homes in 1791, des- tined for what is now the town of Owasco, but were detained at Ludlowville in perfecting their land titles for two years, not reaching their con- templated home until 1793. Another party from the same place, consisting of David, Isaac and John Parsell and two sisters, came on the same year and settled in the same town.
Solomon Tibbles came on in 1794. Jacob Van Doran settled upon the lot on which is now the residence of Peter Sittser, and Mrs. Van Doran planted the poplars in front of this dwelling in 1800. She lived to the remarkable age of 103 years.
THE FIRST SERMON .- Elder David Irish is said to have preached the first sermon to white men in the County of Cayuga, in 1794. In 1795,
141
EARLY INSTITUTIONS-TOWN ORGANIZATION.
Major Noah Olmstead, Jr., Zenas Huggins, Gid- eon Tyler and his sons Elliot, Warren, Salmon and Gideon, settled here.
THE FIRST BURIAL GROUND was on the lot on which is now the residence of C. M. Howlett, and for a time was the only burial place. In 1795, three-fourths of an acre was cleared in the north- west corner of the North Street Cemetery and fenced with logs. Gideon Tyler, Jr., was the first person buried there.
THE FIRST STORE at Hardenbergh's Corners, was opened in a log building on the site of the town hall, by James O'Brien, in 1795. Dr. Sam- uel Crossett soon after opened another store, also in a log building, on the site of the First Church chapel.
THE FIRST PHYSICIAN .- Dr. Samuel Crossett was the first physician, and Dr. Ellis the second, Dr. Burt read medicine with Dr. Crossett in I796.
THE FIRST INN .- Samuel Bristol opened the first Inn in 1796, on the corner of North and Genesee streets, where is now the store of H. J. Brown. It was a small log cabin in which a store was also kept. A framed addition to it was built, and it was retained for many years as a public house. Nehemiah Smith built in 1796, a log house where is now the residence of James Sey- mour, on North street. Mr. Smith planted the poplars which were last year (1878) removed by Mr. Seymour and which, therefore, had stood there over eighty years. St. Clair Smith settled the same year in Aurelius, and Jehial Clark in Clarksville, the year before; the latter en- gaged largely in milling in opposition to Colonel Hardenbergh, in the eastern part of the settle- ment. They were both vigorous and enterpris- ing men and between them there was a sharp ri- valry as to which should draw to his locality the greatest number of settlers and secure the most business. Clark's Village was the name which first designated the western settlement. It was afterwards changed to Clarksville.
Mr. Clark had a fine water power on the stream, which he utilized by the erection of a substantial saw and grist mill, the latter with two run of stones. He also opened and improved the roads leading to his mills and the prospective village, of which he regarded his property as the center. His mill is yet standing and forms a part of the Mayflower Mills.
William Bostwick and Dan Hyde, arrived in 1798. The former was a builder and erected a large double log house on the north side of Genesee street where now stands the Beach block. Here he opened a tavern. The building was made conspicuous by a coat of whitewash both inside and out. A stump in the rear yard supported the family oven.
THE FIRST TANNERY .- Mr. Hyde built a tan- nery on the site of the Knight block, which in 1805, became the property of Elijah Esty ; the former engaging in the mercantile business with Dr. Burt. The latter, two years later, became the sole owner of the business, and the former en- gaged in milling.
ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWN .- The town gov- ernment of Aurelius was first formed in 1794. The town meeting was held at the house of Col. Hardenbergh. The voters that attended that ' meeting were an honest, hardy, and weather- beaten band, in strong contrast with similar gath- erings of to-day. They selected their super- visor, town clerk, school committee, overseers of the poor, highway commissioners, and all the other town officers.
These elections were held annually for nine years at the house of Colonel Hardenbergh, and afterwards at some tavern or school-house in the town, at the "Corners," or the "Openings," as the light timbered lands to the west of the Cor- ners were called.
EARLY TOWN CLERKS. - The early town clerks of Aurelius were as follows : Colonel John L. Hardenbergh, from 1794 to 1802 ; Samuel Cros- sett, M. D., from 1802 to 1803 ; John Harring, from 1803 to 1807 ; Dr. Hackaliah Burt, from 1807 to 1810 ; John Harring, from 1810 to 1811; David Brinkerhoff, from 1811 to 1813 ; Nathan- iel Garrow, from 1813 to 1814 ; David Brinker- hoff, from 1814 to 1822; and David Calkins, from 1822 to 1823.
In 1800, the " Corners " were really yet " in the woods ;" there were only about 150 acres of cleared land, and the general appearance of the place was far from inviting. Large and dense hemlock, covered all the lower parts of the ham- let, and bogs, ponds and small streams covered large areas. The roads through the place were generally wet, very muddy and difficult of pas- sage.
Through the hamlet passed the great flood of
142
CITY OF AUBURN.
western emigration and its appearance rather repelled than invited settlers ; other sections pre- sented to the emigrants more inviting prospects. The " Openings" or light timbered lands in the western part of the town, and the fertile and ap- parently more favored regions bordering on Ca- yuga Lake, were strong rivals.
SLAVES .- Slaves were at this time held by. such of our citizens as could afford their cost, and slavery was tolerated by law and upheld . by public opinion. One of Colonel Hardenbergh's slaves purchased his freedom by clearing for his master eighty acres of heavily timbered land ; and two slaves of Peter Hughes purchased their freedom in the same way. Liberty, to those who paid for it so great a price, must have been highly prized. Slaves were then advertised and sold as other chattels. Such advertisements may be seen in the early newspapers of the village.
THE FIRST BIRTH of a white child at the " Corners," was that of John H., son of Colonel Hardenbergh, in 1798. The Colonel is said to have made the acquaintance of the lady he mar- ried, a daughter of Roeliff Brinkerhoff, of Owasco, while she was waiting for a grist to be ground, which she had brought on horseback several miles through the forest. Harriet and Polly, daughters of William Bostwick, were the first girls born at the Corners, of white parents.
THE FIRST POST-OFFICE was established in 1800, at which time a mail was received once in two weeks. Stages were run over the Genesee road the same year, traveling only in the day time and making exceedingly slow progress. As late as 1817, four days were required to reach Al- bany. In 1804 stages ran twice a week, and four years later, three times per week. Isaac, father of the late Colonel John M. Sherwood, and Jason Parker, were the first mail carriers, the mail being borne on horseback.
The first bridge across the outlet was built of logs, in 1800. Teams had previously forded it, and footmen had passed over it on the trunks of trees felled across the stream.
A broad and substantially built plank bridge was thrown across the outlet in 1802 and was a favorite place of resort of the citizens for various athletic sports. Hard as they toiled, they yet had sufficient vigor to enjoy physical sports.
In 1800, Daniel Grant, Zenas Goodrich, Fran- cis Hunter and Elijah Esty became residents.
The latter, in 1805, bought the tannery on North street, of David Hyde. The large elm now in front of the property was soon after planted when a mere shrub, by his daughter, the late Sally Wood. This tree has now had a growth of over 70 years, and is a conspicuous monument of the past. Abner Beach, John Kellogg, Moses Saw- yer, Bradley Tuttle, and Richard L. Smith, all prominent and useful citizens, took up their resi- dence here in 1801. Messrs. Kellogg, Sawyer and Smith were lawyers of distinction. Bradley Tuttle bought and conducted the Goodrich tavern for many years ; but subsequently fol- lowed his trade as a builder, in which he became conspicuous.
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