USA > New York > Clinton County > History of Clinton and Franklin Counties, New York : with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 68
USA > New York > Franklin County > History of Clinton and Franklin Counties, New York : with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 68
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The real and what seems to be an alinost insurmountable objection to the forge fire is that it is an expensive way of making iron, and iron, like everything else, is sold for its cheapness more than its quality. The original outlay for a forge is small in comparison to the expense required for the other processes, but the cost in stock is very much greater, and unless some means is discovered by which a ton of iron can be made with less than 300 bushels of charcoal and two tons of separated ore, there is danger that some of our forge-owners will die some of these days without leaving a great deal of money for their heirs to quarrel over.
About 24,000 tons of forge-iron were produced in 1877 in the counties of Clinton and Franklin, and perhaps 4000 or 5000 tons in all other parts of the United States. Seventy-seven thousand tons of steel of all kinds, except
Bessemer, was produced in the United States in the same year. Of this 40,000 tons was made in crucibles, and the remaining 37,000 tons consisted of puddlers, open-hearth, and blister-steel. The steel industry of this country is of very modern development, it having increased from 15,000 tons in 1865 to 77,000 tons in 1877, showing a steady and wonderfully rapid growth during the years of greatest de- pression in other iron products. The suecess in the manu- facture of the finer grades of steel is almost wholly in- debted to the forge fires of Clinton County, for they have not only furnished the iron from which the steel was made, but have furnished it at prices much below the cost of the foreign iron that must have been used in its stead.
It is not probable that the production of forge-iron will materially increase for some time to come ; the general sup- ply seems to be up to the demand, and the competition be- tween forge-owners has brought the price to where but a small margin can be left for profit. Even at the present prices many of the stcel-makers have been trying to find a cheaper substitute, and inferior irons are being largely used by the less reputable concerns. However, the larger and better class of steel-makers are willing to concede that good steel can only be produced from good iron.
The J. & J. Rogers Iron Company make nearly all of the charcoal used in manufacturing their iron from timber cut from their own lands, of which they own some 75,000 acres. To produce this coal it is necessary to cut the tim- ber from 1000 acres of land per year. This seems an im- mense amount of land to cut over every year ; but it must be remembered that timber is left to grow while the other timber is being cut, and when we remember that forty years can be allowed to grow a heavy supply of wood, it will be seen that the coal supply of this company is inex haustible. Cutting and hauling the wood from 1000 acres of land, burning it into coal, and hauling the coal to the forges, makes a large business in itself. This company make all of their own castings in their own foundry. They also run their own grist-mill, lath-mill, and shingle-mill. They burn lime, make brick, build and own nearly all of the houses in which their workmen live; they make their own wagons and all their own machinery, including lathes for their machine-shop ; build steam-engines ; they have three stores in which they retail $350,000 worth of goods per year ; do nearly all their own teaming; own and keep thirty odd miles of plank-road in repair, and still have energy enough left to occasionally experiment with a horse-nail machine or a deoxidizing furnace.
At the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, in 1876, this company was awarded a medal for the excellent quality of the iron they exhibited.
Messrs. James and John Rogers conducted this business in their own name until Dec. 29, 1870, when it was incor- porated under the name of the J. &. J. Rogers Iron Com- pany, for the purpose of perpetuating the business. The trustees under the corporation were James Rogers, John Rogers, Halsey Rogers (son of James), and Thomas Rogers (son of John). James Rogers was chosen President, and John Rogers Viee-President. In 1871 Halsey Rogers died, and, on October 10th of that year, Henry D. Graves, a son- in-law of James Rogers, was elected a trustce to fill the va-
ANDGraves
257
TOWN OF BLACK BROOK.
cancy. On Jan. 3, 1872, on account of ill health, Thomas Rogers withdrew from the board, and Hiram W. Stetson was chosen a trustce. Thomas Rogers died on Jan. 21, 1873, at the age of twenty-five years. Failing health caused James Rogers to permanently retire from business, and, on Jan. 3, 1877, George Chahoon, a son-in-law of James Rogers, was elected as a member of the board to fill the vacancy eaused by James Rogers' retirement. At this time John Rogers was elected President, and Henry D. Graves, Vice-President. In May, 1879, John Rogers, during his last siekness, resigned his position as trustec, and the vacancy was filled, in accordance with his wishes, by Benj. E. Wells. John Rogers died on May 11th fol- lowing. At the meeting of the board which accepted John Rogers' resignation, Henry D. Graves was elected President ; Hiram W. Stetson, Vice-President ; and Benj. E. Wells, Secretary. The details of the business at Ausa- ble Forks and Jay are attended to by Messrs. Graves and Chahoon, at Black Brook by Messrs. Stetson and Wells. Mr. Ezra Fairbanks is general superintendent of the works at Jay.
MILITARY.
The war of the Rebellion is the only one of importance that has taken place on this continent sinee the settlement and incorporation of the town. The records of the town bear testimony to the prompt sympathy that was felt and manifested by the citizens for the Union cause. The quotas of men called for by the general government were promptly furnished, and liberal bounties were paid by the town.
The list of soldiers who served in the army from the town, as furnished by the records, is as follows, the name of the regiment being given when known :
Alexander McArthur, Chester McArthur, Eathan A. Howard, Artenas S. Fay, Samuel Wood, Anson Ayers, Jr., Alexander Blake, John Douglass, Joseph Douglass, Francis J. D'Avignon, Ilias Fiuch, James Gage, 90th Regt.
Jacob F. Haywood, Frederick W. Noyes, George Booney, Samnel Barton, Thos. Musgrave, James Brown, George Brown, Edward Lamora, Thomas Dunn, George J. White, Henry Snow, Jerome Snow, Enos Crowningshield, Timothy Jacques, Thomas Pearson, 77th Regt.
Joseph Mooney, John Sullivan, Leslie W. Beardsley, Joseph Martin, Jr., John Hackett, Martin Green, Maglorie Willett, 10th Regt.
Ira Williams, Charles Patterson, Jr., Clark Dowry, Nathaniel Dowry, William Bradford, Jr., Rawson Cale, George Cale, Harrison Cale, 22d Regt.
Norman Hamner, Wesley Baton, Peter Fish, Edward M. Dailey, George Dailey, Zinner Dailey, Henry Fisher, Alexander McQuillan, Robert Stephenson, George Huntington, 12th Regt.
Charles W. Wells, Elijah Dwyer, Edwin Bullis, Petter Cushing, Henry Blood, John Baxter, Benjamin Banker, Jerome H. Bull, Jonathan A. Bull, Hi- ram M. Bull, James W. Battes, Samuel Cronk, Averill Cutler, Mark Dc- vins, John Dobbs, George R. Dobbs, Andrew Kennedy, William Lamoy, Henry Lamoy, Moss Lamora, Daniel W. McClarkin, Albert McDonough, Elab Bennett, John McPhillips, Nathaniel F. Ray, Lawrence Seynier, Robert Wilkins, Wallace W. Baldwin, 118th Regt.
Woodward IIndson, 6th West Virginia Berdan's Sharpshooters.
Albert Williams, 5th West Virginia Regt.
Martin M. Kall, Alfred Otis, Daniel McDonough, Fitch O'Brien, Robert Miller, John Wallace, Harris Light Cav.
Peter M. Rae, Charles Bradford, Hiram Fuller, Lewis Gilbert, Hiram Hammond, 44th Regt.
Joseph Baldwin, Samnel McClarkin, Steplien Mudget, Scott's 900 Cav. Richard Duval, Vermont Vols.
Joseph Martino, Jr., Massachusetts Vol. Art.
John Maple, Jr., William Williams, Nolson Dragan, William McQuilliam, Har- vey James, Jolın Fish, Vermont Cav.
Frederick fart, 5th New York Cav.
Joseph Badger, Morris McDuff, 14th U. S. Inf.
Georgo Booney, Robort Booney, William Stephenson, Wesloy Barton, Thomas Avery, Simeon Labounty, Jr., Richard Roberts, Daniel Shumway, Gilbert Cameron, Zommet Couchey, John Morrison, Alexander Sawyer, Merritt Norman, Daniel A. Sholdon, Louis Minor, John II. Roberts, James Nolan, Napolinn Gould, Standish Howard, Henry Mooney, Luther Wilkins, David S. Cronk, Chas. Laughlin, John W. Nye, Barnett Goff, 118th Regt.
Clark Torrance, Carlisle Torrance, Albert Perrey, John Frazier, David Fuller, Janes Saddy, William Goodspeed, Connant Ling, John V. Ling. Joseph Badger, Morris McDuff, Nicholis Biglin (2d), 14th Regt. U. S. Inf.
Denis Connim, James Rourke, Charles Hackett, Michal Keough, Henry Clark,
Dennis Gravel, Jonas Gravel, Philip Dnel, Alexis Laramy, Adolphus Rongean, Joseph Gokey, William Hennisley, Octabus Robinson, Nelson Breach, Morris Gilman, Patrick McKall, James R. Powers, Peter Carroll, Henry E. Morris, Leander Sidey, Joseph Devine, Peter Devine, Patrick Devine, Samuel Mason, Lawrence Ayres, Martin Deacy, Foster Irwin, Alexander Blake, Franklin J. Alexander Jero, George Sanders, Andrew Stewart, Henry Perry, William Babbitt, Hermon Skedes, William Healey, Fred. Garson, Michal Hogan, Peter Rouse, Jolin Foley, David Dood, Adol- plus Amon, David Wessel, Morris Lafort, Charles La Bell, James Ander- son, James Garey, Isaac Williams, Terolger Williams, Alfred Jourdanier, Jerome Cronigan, Charles Myers, Henry Douglass, George Chapoot, James Evans, Joseph Wheil, John Lucia, Mechan Duneay, William McCausland, W. W. Dow, John J. Clark, Felix Goulet, George Fossett, Daniel La Foun- tain, Edward Leonard, Peter Ashlin, Xavier Owin, George Gates, Ira La Bounty.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
JAMES ROGERS
was born in Warren Co., N. Y., on the 15th day of Au- gust, 1804. He received a fair common-school education, and came to Keeseville, and, associating himself with Thomas Rogers, opened a store in that place in 1830, under the firm-name of James & Thomas Rogers. James Rogers soon displayed the great capacity for business that marked his whole future, and afterwards did so much to build up one of the largest and most prosperous enterprises in Northern New York. In a short time after establishing themselves in Keeseville, branches of their business were started in Clintonville and at Black Brook.
In 1832 they commenced the construction of a forge at Black Brook village, which formed the nucleus upon which the business of the Messrs. J. & J. Rogers Iron Company has grown to its present large proportions.
In 1835, James Rogers entered into a copartnership with John Rogers, and purchased this property at Black Brook. In this year James Rogers married Eliza Hasbrouck, niece of Andrew Thompson, of Kceseville.
James & John Rogers subsequently commenced business at Ausable Forks, where James Rogers established his residence.
In 1871 a joint-stock company was formed under the name of the J. & J. Rogers Iron Company, with James Rogers as president, which office he continued to hold by successive annual elections until 1877, when failing health caused his permanent retirement from business. He died Jan. 9, 1880.
The result of his business life appears more fully in the account of the J. & J. Rogers Iron Company.
HENRY D. GRAVES
was born in the village of Plattsburgh, Aug. 17, 1826. His grandfather, Benjamin Graves, was one of the carliest settlers of Clinton County. He served in the war of the Revolution, and was for a long time an orderly to Gen. George Washington. He was sheriff of the county from 1801 to 1804, also from 1810 to 1811, and again from 1812 to 1815.
Henry D. Graves was educated in the common school
33
258
HISTORY OF CLINTON COUNTY, NEW YORK.
and academy of his native town, and commenced his busi- ness career as a clerk in Plattsburgh in 1842, remaining there till April 20, 1847, when he accepted a situation as clerk in the store of J. & J. Rogers, at Ausable Forks. In 1871 he became one of the trustees of the J. & J. Rogers Iron Company, and in 1877 was elected vice-president, and on the death of John Rogers, in May, 1879, was elected president of the company.
Henry D. Graves was married, in 1861, to Kate T. Rogers, eldest daughter of James Rogers.
Mr. Graves has always been a Democrat, and has repre- sented his town in the Board of Supervisors for several terms. He was a member of the Democratic State com- mittee in 1875 and '76, and was also one of the Democratic electors for President and Vice-President in 1876.
CHAPTER XLIX.
CHAMPLAIN.
Geographical and Descriptive-The Pioneers-The Refugees-The Drummer-Boy's Resolve-The First American Settlers-Their Lo- cations-Pioneer Schools and Teachers-Early Roads-The Cham- plain Land-Office of 1797-Value of Lands-Slavery in Champlain.
GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE.
CHAMPLAIN is the extreme northeastern town in Clinton County, and is bounded as follows : On the north by the Province of Canada ; on the east by Lake Champlain, which separates it from Vermont ; on the south by Chazy ; and on the west by Mooers.
The surface of the town is generally level, with a gentle slope towards the lake. The town is drained by the Great Chazy River and Corbeau Creek. The former enters the town in the southwest corner, and after a tortuous course enters the lake at King's Bay, on the southwestern shore. Corbeau Creek or River* flows through the southern part of the town, and enters the Chazy River at Coopersville. The prominent capc in this town on the lake-shore is Point au Fer, or Iron Point. Other points along are Province Point, Rouse's Point, Island Point, Stony Point, Steel's Garden, Randall's Point, and Wiley's Point. The soil of Champlain is chiefly a clayey loam.
THE PIONEERS.
To the Canadian and Scotch refugees history must in- scribe the honor of having been the first white settlers who penetrated the northern wilderness and planted the standard of HOME within the boundaries of the present town of Champlain. They settled soon after the war of the Revo- lution on lands granted by the State of New York for honorable service performed during that arduous struggle.
THE DRUMMER-BOY'S RESOLVE.
Tradition says that a drummer-boy in the service of the American army, on its retreat from Canada in 1776-77, while crossing the river which runs through the present town of Champlain, observed to his comrades that he should
one day return and scttle on the banks of the stream he was then fording. This drummer-boy was Pliny Moore, who not many years after fulfilled his promise, and became the first American pioneer into these forests and the first per- manent . American settler of this town, and who contributed more than any other to the accomplishment of the task of turning these vast wildernesses into the fruitful field.
He was born in Sheffield, Mass., April 14, 1759, and at the early age of seventeen joined the American army. He, however, remained but a short time, and again in 1780 he entered the army, this time as a lieutenant, receiving his commission from Governor George Clinton. At the close of the war a tract of land on the Chazy River was granted him, and in 1785, accompanied by James Savage and Daniel Clark, who were partners with him in the grant, he left Kinderhook to survey the lands. In the following April he had completed a survey of 11,600 acres, which was di- vided into 119 lots. This tract is usually styled the Smith and Graves patent, from Levi Smith and Mark Graves, two of the original patentees. but for many years at first was known as the " Moorefield grant," after its surveyor, first settler, and principal owner, Pliny Moore.
In 1787 a partial change in the ownership of the land had been made, and in this year it was in the possession of various persons residing in Montgomery, Columbia, Litch- field, Ulster, Albany, Berkshire, and Dutchess. The pro- prietors, eighteen in number, in February, 1787, divided the patent, Pliny Moore obtaining the lion's share. He secured 50 lots,-6 containing 70 acres cach and 44 of 100 acres each. Of the original owners only four became residents of the town,-Moore, Rowe, Rogers, and Ashman.
In 1787, Lieut. Moore, accompanied by a gang of labor- ers, passed up the Chazy River in bateaux, and about where the railroad bridge crosses the river began the con- struction of a dam and saw-mill, and very soon after they erected a grist-mill on the river about one mile below. . Among this band of hardy, enterprising pioneers were Benjamin Moore (a brother of Pliny), Samuel Ashman, Elnathan Rogers, Joseph Rowe, William Beaumont, Jamcs Bullis, etc. It is related that their supply of provisions becoming exhausted, they crossed the lake to Duncan McGregor's, on the east shore, opposite Point au Fer, and purchased of him one cow at $25, one hog weighing 200 pounds at $24, and 10 bushels of potatoes for $20. They dug the potatoes themselves, butchered the cow and log, giving Mr. McGregor the cow's hide.
The hardy pioneers endured all the hardships incident to pioneer life; they lived in rude huts and subsisted on salmon caught from the river, and other necessaries of life brought from distant markets.
In 1788 the town was organized,; and soon after the influx of settlers and land-speculators was rapid. But little time elapsed ere the refugees, who had contributed but little towards the material improvement of the town, were almost entirely supplanted by a totally different and enterprising class.
Lieut. Moore, in 1787, married Mary Corbin, and two years later moved with his family into the dense, uninvi- ting wilderness of Northern New York. He first erected a
# Called River au Corbeau by the French.
¡ See " Civil Organization."
LAT" .. E
ALBERT CHAPMAN,
son of Timothy and Avis Curtis Chapman, was born in Burlington, Vt., Nov. 7, 1793. His father was a native of England, and came to America and set- tled in New England before the Revolutionary war. He had six children, two sons, Albert and Timothy, and four daughters, Anna and Elizabeth (twins), Hepzibeth, and Aurelia.
He removed to Beach Ridge, Canada, when a mere boy with his parents. In 1834 he settled at Clarenceville, Canada, and remained until 1857, when he settled at Rouse's Point.
During the earlier part of his life his health was very poor, but as he grew to manhood he became a strong, healthy man. He was naturally a mechanic. When about twenty-one years of age he went into the mercantile business, bought and sold a great deal of lumber, and was very successful in his business relations.
He was a Republican in politics, and while a resi- dent of Canada was magistrate of his town. In 1822 he married Sarah Ann, daughter of Josiah and Sarah Ann (Weeks) Tuttle. She was born in Shel- don, Vt., Nov. 12, 1804. Of this union four chil- dren were born, viz .: Harriet S., Martha M., Sarah Avis, and Albert Tuttle, all of them born in Canada. Mr. and Mrs. Chapman were members of the Epis- copal Church. Mrs. Chapman died Sept. 2, 1843.
She was an intelligent lady, beloved by all who knew her.
Mr. Chapman married for his second wife, Oct. 4, 1844, N. M., daughter of Ebenezer and Percis (Bingham) Nash. She was born in Ellington, Conn., Feb. 8, 1815. She is a lady of culture, and, when a young lady, taught school successfully. Of this alliance three children were born, viz .: Harriet S., Albert B., and Ida L. Mrs. Chapman is a mem- ber of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Chapman was a good citizen and an honest man. He died Aug. 2, 1872.
Josiah Tuttle was born Feb. 14, 1774; married Sarah Ann Weeks Feb. 16, 1795. She was born Dec. 29, 1776. They had seven children, of whom Sarah Ann Chapman was the fourth.
Sarah Avis Chapman was born Dec. 29, 1829, in Beach Ridge, Canada. She received an academic education. She married, Sept. 14, 1852, Matthew Hawks, of Memphis, Tenn., by whom three children were born, viz .: Martha A., Avis C., and Sarah F., all of whom are dead except Martha A. Mrs. Hawks has been a resident of Rouse's Point since the death of her father.
Mrs. Hawks inserts the above portrait and the view on the opposite page in memory of her father.
( VIEW OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN OPPOSITE RESIDENCE.
GRAY STONE HALL, RES. OF THE LATE A . CHAPMAN, ESQ., ROUSES POINT, N. Y.
259
TOWN OF CHAMPLAIN.
1
small log hut under the hill at the southeast end of the lower bridge. He subsequently erected a frame building on the present site of the old Moore homestead. He was prominently identified with the interests of his town and. county, and held various official positions. He was ap- pointed judge in 1807. He died Aug. 18, 1822, aged sixty-three years .*
Elnathan Rogers and his wife Olive located on lot 72, on the east side of what subsequently became the State road, about half a mile south of the village. He died in 1834, aged eighty-four.
Samuel Ashman located north of the village, on lot 32.
Another of the pioneers was James Bullis, who came from Kinderhook with Lieut. Moore, and married a girl in his employ. He remained a few years, when he removed to Albany, and afterwards returned to this town and settled at Rouse's Point, where he died. Royal Corbin, a brother- in-law of Moore, came with him and remained a few years. " Some others came to town," says Rev. D. T. Taylor, "about the years 1789-90, but we can obtain no true in- telligence concerning them save Capt. Joseph Rowe, who settled on his lot just southwest of the village, and built him a house, but died very soon after, leaving no descend- ants in the town."
The following list doubtless contains the names of most of the adult male inhabitants who resided in the town be- tween the years 1788 and 1800, inclusive. These names are taken from the town records, with the year prefixed when they are first mentioned :
1793 .- William Beaumont, Samuel Ashman, Timothy Crossfield, Caleb Thomas, James Rouse, Abraham Knapp,t M. McPherson, Laurient Oliver, Elnathan Rogers, Pliny Moore, Presque Austin, John Douglass, f David Colver, John Cross, N. Bellenger, A. Paulant, Daniel Ackut, A. Boileau, and Royal Corbin.
1794 .- Nathaniel Douglass,; J. Marrin, Z. Z. Piper, Jonathan Sawyer, L. Marney, John Thurbur.
1795 .- James Boudet, Abraham Bedwell, Alex. Ferri- ole, Bonhomme La Frombois, Jacob Browon.
1796 .- Zerah Curtis, Daniel Johnson, Anthony Gor- ham, Wm. Barker, Seth Gregory,f Charles Colver, Judah Piper, N. Douglass, Jr., ; E. Thurbur, Jr., N. Colver, Jas. Bell.
1797 .- Edward Thurbur, Sr., Eddy Thurbur, James Douglass, B. W. Baker, Royal Converse, Eber Dunning, J. Darrow.
1798 .- Jacob Dailey, Elias Dewey, Peter Dumo, Wm. Willsie, Enos G. Bell, Lewis Goodwie, L. Amible Duplis- sis, Amasa Corbin, Samuel Willits, Michacl Marvin, Crom- well Thurbur, J. Ashman, M. Tyon, B. Tremble,; E. Allen, Wm. H. Beaumont, Wm. Bell, Nathan Cummings, Wm. Badlam, John Mathews, Joseph Corps, Gilbert Pau-
let, Joshua C. Bosworth, Mr. Cable, Phineas Fox, Samuel Hicks, Jos. Corbin, Ezra Squiers.
1799 .- Wm. R. Converse, Noah Eaton, David Corbit, Dr. Benj. Moore, Wm. Lewis, Nath. Callender, Daniel Beagle, Samuel Pangborn, Peter Blean, Roderick Bos- worth, Win. Corbin, R. Randall, John Baptiste La Jeu- nesse, George Anderson.
1800 .- Charles L. Sullei, Thomas Fox, James Lain, Capt. Amasa Ladd, ; David Mayo, F. Chandonat,f Abijah North, Ichabod Bosworth, Levi Hazen,f Jabez Fitch, } Simon Bateman, Solomon Wood, Henry Cummings, ; R. Fairchild, E. De Long, John Corbin, Dr. A. Leonard, Lemuel North,t Samuel Lewis, Jesse Bullis, James Blake, Elias Hamilton, M. Verlic, John Bronson, f George Root,t Oliver Brown, Edward Chins, Septa Filmore, f and Chand- ler Graves. Total, 118.
Nathance Colver and wife Ruth came from Spencer- town, N. Y., in .1793, but his sons David, Nathaniel, Oran- datus, and Charles came the previous year and began clearing land. Mr. Colver was a Baptist minister. His son Nathaniel settled on lot 70 (Smith & Graves). A portion of this lot had been cleared by the refugees, who had " squatted" upon the land, and made what was doubt- less the first and largest clearing in the town. Mr. Colver was also a Baptist minister, and through his instrumentality the first Baptist Church in this town was organized. Two of his sons, Phineas and Nathaniel, also became Baptist clergymen.
David Colver, who became a Universalist minister, lo- cated in the town in 1792, on what has been styled the " Buel Farm."
For the sum of £42, current money, Jacob Bouron, a native of England, purchased 100 acres of land south of the village, and located here as early as 1792. He was accompanied by his wife Polly and son Joseph.
The Thurburs were prominent early settlers. Edward Thurbur, Sr., purchased, in 1793, of Moore & Corbin, two lots for £120 (New York money). He, however, never lo- cated on these lands, but in 1797 came into the town with his family and purchased lot 57 (Refugee), on the lake- shore, of Gen. Benjamin Moore, for £96. Here he made a clearing and built a house. His sons Eddy, Edward, Jr., Cromwell, Ezra, John, Abner, and Darius, and one daugh- ter, Betsey, all settled in the town. Old Mr. Thurbur and his wife Abagail died, and are buried at Rouse's Point. He died in 1806.
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