History of Duchess county, New York, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Part 24

Author: Smith, James H. (James Hadden); Cale, Hume H; Roscoe, William E
Publication date: 1882
Publisher: Syracuse, N.Y. : D. Mason & Co.
Number of Pages: 868

USA > New York > Dutchess County > History of Duchess county, New York, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 24

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

W. BURNET. "By Order of His Excellency in Council, Is. BOBIN, D. Cl. Coun."*

The court house and jail, though authorized in 1715, were not, says French,f apparently com- pleted till thirty years afterward. Pursuant to the act of 1715, a meeting was held at the house of Leonard Lewis, in "Pockepsen " June 22, 1717, and Capt. Barendt Van Kleeck and Jacobus Van Der Bogart were chosen commissioners to build a court house and jail. The meeting was summoned by an order signed by Lewis Leonard, Barendt Van Kleeck and Johannes Terboss. It commanded Cornelius Van Der Bogart to summon the people to attend. The certificate of the result is signed by Lewis Leonard, Judge, and Capt. Barendt Van Kleeck and Machill Palmateer, Justices .¿ The land whereon the present court

* Documentary History of New York, III., 972, 973.

t Gazetteer of the State of New York, 268.

# Poughkeepsie Weekly Eagle, July 8, 1876,

119

THE FIRST COURT HOUSE-FIRST TAX RECORD.

house stands, and on which the first one was erected, was conveyed in 1718, by deed, by Henry Van Der Bogart to Barendt Van Kleeck. The origi- nal building was not erected until 1746. Its con- struction was again authorized by the Provincial Legislature in 1743, and it was built under the supervision of Commissioners, of whom Henry Livingston was chief, who were appointed to re- ceive and disburse the money raised for the purpose. Mr. Livingston received his authority as financial manager from the Justices of the Peace of the several precincts. The document is signed by Justices Jacobus Swartwout, Francis Filkin, Laurence Van Kleek, John Montross, Mordicai Leffert, John Tripp, James Duncan and John Brinkerhoff. The precincts were assessed accord- ing to their population and valuation to pay for the building of the court house. The amount assessed was about $18,000, of which Rhinebeck, then the most populous and wealthy, paid nearly $5,000, Rombout, over $4,000, and Poughkeepsie, less than $2,500. In 1760, an act authorized the conversion of a jury room into a jail, and four years after money was raised to complete the arrangement. This building was destroyed by fire in 1785, and April 1I, of that year, £1,500 were appropriated for its reconstruction. Cornelius Humphrey, Peter Tappen and Gilbert Livingston were the building committee. A further tax of £2,000 was ordered in 1786, and of £1,300 in 1787. In the meantime the prisoners were sent to the Ulster county jail .*

The first record of taxes-for the years 1716 and '17-bears date of Jan. 17, 1717. The amount of property assessed in the North Ward was £426, the tax on which was £19 195, 43d; in the Mid- dle Ward the assessed valuation was £554 and the tax £33 9s. 61d; in the South Ward the assessed valuation was £320 and the tax, f19 6s. 7d. Thus the assessed valuation of the county was { 1,300, and the tax, £72 15s. 52d. Of this £30 Is. gd. was directed to be paid to A. D. Peystern, Receiver of the King's tax at New York, and the rest to Leonard Lewis, Treasurer of the county. The tax list for the North Ward is signed by Henricus Beekman and Hendrick Kip, assessors ; that for the Middle and South Wards, by Henry V. D. Burgh, Johannes Van Kleeck, Loanworens Van Kleeck, James Hussey and Jacobus Van Der Bogart, assessors. The collect- ors of this tax were Johannes Buys, Cornelius Van

Der Bogart and Matthys Slegt. It is evident, how- ever, that taxes were collected previous to this, for a receipt for taxes is mentioned, dated New York, July 6, 1715, signed A. D. Peyster, Treasurer of the Province. In 1723, there were 179 taxable inhabitants in the county .*

The following table shows the assessment of precincts in 1771 :-

PRECINCTS.

No. of Individ- uals.

Assess- ment.

Rate per £.

Tax.

Southern

688

£1,377

235

4 9

Rumbout

492

1,888

110

Pawlings

208

923

146

2 10

Beekmans

310

786

III

-5

6. 6

Poughkeepsie

235

808

191

Charlotte

630

1, 908

135

Amenia

288

816

98 12

Rhinebeck

384

1,971

North East.

258

547

Total. .

3, 583

11, 024

...

1,151 12|

The second court house, located on the site of the first, was built of stone, in the old Dutch style of architecture, and was surrounded by a picket fence. The jail was in the north end, and con- tained two tiers of arched cells, the first under- ground, where prisoners charged with the higher crimes were placed. The southern half was occu- pied by Mr. Hatch as a tavern. Here the judges and jurors boarded during the sessions of the court. It was no uncommon thing to see "the court,'' jury, counsel, sheriff, constables, prisoner and all adjourn to Mr. Hatch's bar for drinks. On one of these social occasions, the prisoner, a horse thief, slipped away from his custodians. When the judge resumed his seat, the fact was made known to him. At first he said nothing, but appeared to be in deep thought. Finally he arose and with more than his usual gravity, delivered himself as follows :-

"Gentlemen of the Jury-I am told that the prisoner has informally taken leave of the Court, and gone the sheriff knows not whither. This gives the case before you a more complex phase, as the statutes distinctly provide that the prisoner shall at no time, during trial, sentence or punishment ab- sent himself from the officers of the law. There- fore it only remains for me to say, that further pros- ecution in this case must be postponed until the return of the d-d scoundrel who has thus inform- ally trifled with the dignity of the Court and the people of the State of New York."

"The Courts in those days were composed of rough hewn timber, yet we venture to say their justice was equal to that dispensed by the judiciary at the present time."t

This building was destroyed by fire on the night of Thursday, Sept. 25, 1808, and the act was at-

* Poughkeepsie Weekly Eagle, July 8, 1876. Historical Sketch and Directory of the tour of Fishkill, 1866, p. 62.

t The Sunday Courier, Poughkeepsie, March 16, 1873.

* Sketches of Local History, by Benson J. Lossing, LL. D., in The Dutchess Farmer, Dec. 12, 1876.

s. 'd.

s. d.

120

HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.

tributed to the criminal inmates of the jail, who were removed to the Farmers' Hotel, then kept by Amaziah Blakeslee, on Cannon street, nearly op- posite the Duchess County Academy, which then occupied the site of St. Mary's church. None of the public documents in the clerk's office were destroyed, and the October terms of Courts were held in the Reformed Dutch church. An act for the reconstruction of the building was passed March 24, 1809, and $12,000 was raised for that purpose. James Tallmadge, John B. Van Wyck and John Van Benthuysen were commissioned to superintend its erection. In 1810, $13,000 addi- tional was raised, and the building was completed soon after. It is a plain stone edifice, 50 by 100 feet, and its walls were covered with stucco in 1861. It contains the county clerk's office, which under- went some improvements in its interior arrange- ments in 1877-78, and the other county offices except that of Surrogate, which is a small one-story brick building immediately in its rear. Originally the jail was in the same building, but in 1856, its condition was represented by the Senate Commit- tee as extremely unfit for its purpose and unhealthy to its inmates. The present jail, which is in the rear of the Poughkeepsie National Bank and to the west of the rear part of the court house, is a brick structure, and was erected in 1861 at a cost of $10,901.51. The jail limits of Duchess, as laid out pursuant to the order of the Court of Common Pleas at the January term of 1809, by David Brooks, Clerk of said Court, Joseph C. Fields, Sheriff of said county and James Tallmadge, Jr., President of the Trustees of the village of Pough- keepsie, comprised four and three-fourths acres of land. In former years, when imprisonment for debt was in vogue, fifty to sixty adjudged debtors have been known to circulate within these prescribed limits for months, and in some instances for twenty years or more .*

The poor-house of Duchess county was originally located at Poughkeepsie. In 1741, an act was passed for the better relief of the poor of the coun- ty, and to remove certain scruples the Supervisors had to raising money for the maintenance of the poor. The poor-house is now located in Washing- ton, three miles south-east of Washington Hollow. In 1856, a change was contemplated in the method of supporting the county poor, and in that year an act was passed empowering the Supervisors, when- ever any two successive boards should vote a

change expedient, to contract for the support and maintenance of the poor, and to sell the poor- house buildings and lands and divide the proceeds between the city of Poughkeepsie and the several towns in the county, in proportion to the amount of taxes paid by them respectively.

April 7, 1863, David S. Tallman, John Ferris and Albert Emons were commissioned to sell the old poor-house property, which consisted of 105.22 acres of land and buildings, located opposite the present city alms-house in Poughkeepsie, and pur- chase other farming lands not less than 50 nor more than 75 acres, and not less than eight nor more than fifteen miles from Hudson River, upon which to keep the county poor ; and they were authorized to erect upon the lands so purchased suitable buildings for their accommodation, the entire cost of land and buildings not to exceed- $20,000. May 9, 1863, they sold the old poor- house farm and buildings at auction for $19,605.55,* and agreed with the purchasers to pay seven per cent. on that amount for their use until April 1, 1864. May 28, 1863, they received a deed for 74 acres, 1 rood and 29 perches of land in the town of Washington from Daniel H. Lyon, for which they paid $6,182.24, and contracted with him for the purchase of an additional 29 acres, 3 roods and 29 perches adjoining it at $55 per acre, subject to the approval of the Supervisors. The latter purchase was legalized and confirmed by the Legislature in 1864. (Section 1, chap. 286.) The Commissioners also contracted with Orlando J. Rust to erect a building 130 feet long, 32 feet wide, two stories high, with basement, to be built with wood and filled in with brick-the timber to be in the main, white oak and chestnut-and roofed with slate, and completed by April 1, 1864. The separate maintenance of the poor of the county and the city of Poughkeepsie was authorized by the Legislature in 1863, and Dec. 9th of that year, the Supervisors directed the Commissioners to pay to the Alms-House Commissioners of the City of Poughkeepsie $3, 172.60, that being its share of the proceeds of the sale of the poor-house property.

The building erected for the poor in 1863, cost $14,380, including boiler and heater, but was illy adapted to the purposes for which it was intended, imperfectly ventilated, destitute of conveniences for bathing, and did not admit of a proper separation of the sexes. In 1864, a lunatic asylum was built at a cost of $5,944.34. It is a plain two-story

* The Sunday Courier of Sept. 14, 1873, gives a minute description of these limits, whose boundary marks have long since been obliterated.

* The auctioneer was Henry W. Shaw, (Josh Billings,) of Pough- keepsie.

12I

COUNTY POOR HOUSE-CIVIL LIST.

wooden building, 24 by 36 feet, containing eighteen cells-nine on each floor-with grated doors and barred windows. In 1865, a house for the keeper was erected at a cost of $5,764.92, and in the same year repairs and other buildings cost $3,877.63. The entire cost of the poor-house property previous to 1881, exclusive of ordinary running expenses, amounted to over $45,000.

" The evils resulting from the want of adapta- tion becoming more evident year by year, the County Visiting Committee of the State Board of Charities reported its condition to the Board of Supervisors in 1876, and again in 1877, afterwards addressing an open letter to the citizens of the county." A committee of Supervisors was ap- pointed, and in the spring of 1879, many repairs were made. But the building was still in an un- satisfactory condition, and on the recommendation of the committee a further appropriation of $1,000 was made. This sum proved inadequate to accom- plish all that was needed and contemplated, but sufficed to perfect a desired object-a complete division of the house and grounds into two depart- ments-which was economically accomplished, more by a skillful re-arrangement and utilization of material on the ground, than by the erection of new buildings. Various other changes and im- provements were made, involving the changing of the front of the house from the west to the north ; but they were not all that could be desired. The Superintendent, David S. Tallman, entered upon the duties of his office Jan. 1, 1880, at which time the number of ininates was 160. Nov. 1, 1880, this number was reduced to 101, against 106 the saine time the previous year. The average number of paupers in 1880 was 114, a reduction of 22 as compared with the previous year. The average cost of support per week was $2.24. The total amount of receipts, including appropriation, ($12,000,) was $13,771; the total amount of disbursements, $13,420.28. April 1, 1880, the books showed one hundred and forty-two resident paupers, of whom ninety-five were men, (twenty- seven Americans,) forty white women, (twenty- three Americans,) six colored men, and six colored women, twenty-three foreign women, sixty- two of foreign birth, five blind, eleven insane, four aliens, and one mute of fifteen years, removed September rst, to the institution at Rome. The majority were old and feeble, and the remainder of the class usually found in poor-houses, indolent, weak-minded, victims of unfortunate circumstan- ces. Religious services are held semi-monthly in

the dining-room, which is in the basement of the building ; and for such as choose, a way is provided to attend the Catholic Church. Children at two years of age are placed in the Orphan House at Poughkeepsie, or Colored Orphan Asylum in Brooklyn. The institution is deficient in its pro- visions for the sick. Medical attendance is secured twice a week, but no rooms have been set apart for their especial care and comfort. The house work is done by the women, and most of the farm work by the men. The building is heated by steam, and water is conveyed to the wash-house, where it is obtained by the inmates for use. In December, 1880, the Supervisors appropriated $1,500 to complete the repairs in progress on the building, and the Superintendent was authorized to purchase earthen bowls and plates to replace the tinware then in use, also chairs for the dining- room in place of benches, and to put enameled covers on the dining tables,*

DUCHESS COUNTY CIVIL LIST .- Duchess county has produced many men of talent and eminence in the various professions, and has always been ably represented in legislative bodies. "It was so in the Provincial Assembly," says Mr. Lossing, " and especially so when, in 1775, British rule was dis- carded and a Provincial Convention took the political power of the province under its control. In that convention Duchess county was represented by Egbert Benson, Morris Graham and Robert R. Livingston. The latter was the eminent Chancel- lor, whose name has been made immortal by his connection with the first successful efforts in steam navigation. In the New York Provincial Congress and Convention from 1775 to 1777 inclusive, when a State government was formed, Duchess was rep- resented by men of mark, such as Derick Brincker- hoff, Dr. Crane, Jacob Evertson, Morris Graham, Henry Hoffman, Cornelius Humphrey, Jacob Kane, Jonathan Landon, Gilbert and James Liv- ingston, Robert G. and Robert R. Livingston, Richard Montgomery, (who was slain at Quebec,) Ephraim Paine, Zephaniah Platt, Beverly Robin- son, Nathaniel Sackett, Guysbert, Henry, John and Paul Schenck, Melancton Smith, Peter Ten Broeck, James Vanderburgh and Theodorus Van Wyck."t

Duchess county has furnished two Lieut .- Gov- ernors of New York-James Tallmadge, elected

* Twelfth and Fourteenth Annual Reports of the State Board of Charities, of which body Sarah M. Carpenter, of Poughkeepsie, is Com- missioner for the Second Judicial District ; Proceedings of the Board of Supervisors of Duchess County, for 1880, and other documents.

t Sketches of Local History, in The Dutchess Farmer, Dec. 12, 1876.

I22

HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.

Nov. 1, 1824, and Peter R. Livingston, the noted politician, who spent most of his life in Rhinebeck, and who, on the death of Gov. DeWitt Clinton Feb. 11, 1828, and the assumption of the guberna- torial duties by Lieut .- Gov. Nathaniel Pitcher, was elected President of the Senate Feb. 16, 1828; one staff officer, J. Watts de Peyster, of Tivoli, who was appointed Adjutant-General of the State, Jan. 1, 1855 ; three Secretaries of State, Thomas Tillotson, of Red Hook, appointed August 10, 1801, and again Feb. 16, 1807, Robert R. Tillot- son, of Red Hook, appointed February 12, 1816, and Homer A. Nelson, of Poughkeepsie, elected November 5, 1867 ; two State Treasurers, Joseph Howland, of Matteawan, who was elected Nov. 7, 1865, and James Mackin, of Fishkill, elected Nov. 6, 1877 ; three Attorneys-General, Egbert Benson, of Red Hook, appointed May 8, 1777, Morgan Lewis, of Rhinebeck, elected Nov. 8, 1791, and Thomas J. Oakley, of Poughkeepsie, elected July 8, 1819 ; one Canal Commissioner, James Hooker, of Poughkeepsie, appointed Feb- ruary 8, 1842 ; one Inspector of the New York Prison, James Teller, of Matteawan, who was thrice appointed, first April 1, 1811, again March 17, 1815, and again Feb. 24, 1821 ; two members of the first Board of Regents, Anthony Hoffman, of Rhinebeck, and Cornelius Humfrey ; one to the second board, Gilbert Livingston ; and one to the board under the new system, adopted in 1787, Smith Thompson, of Stanford, appointed March 3, 1813 ; three Commissioners of the State Board of Charities, Harvey G. Eastman, of Poughkeepsie, appointed June 17, 1867, (in which year the Board was organized,) and re-appointed March 19, 1873, James Roosevelt, of Hyde Park, appointed as Eastman's successor, February 12, 1879, and Sarah M. Carpenter, of Poughkeepsie, who is the present incumbent of the office in the Second Judicial District ; one Judge of the Court of Appeals, Charles H. Ruggles, of Poughkeepsie, elected June 7, 1847, for six years, and re-elected Nov. 8, 1853, resigning the office August 20, 1855 ; a Chief Jus- tice of the Supreme Court, Smith Thompson, appointed Feb. 3, 1814 ; three Puisne Justices of the Supreme Court of the State, Morgan Lewis, of Rhinebeck, appointed Dec. 24, 1792, Egbert Benson, of Red Hook, appointed Jan. 29, 1794, and Smith Thompson, appointed Jan. 8, 1802 ;* three Circuit Judges, (Second Circuit,) James Emott, of Poughkeepsie, appointed Feb. 21, 1827, Charles

H. Ruggles, of Poughkeepsie, appointed March 9, 1831, and Seward Barculo, of Poughkeepsie, appointed April 4, 1846 ; a Justice of the General Term of the Supreme Court, Joseph F. Barnard, of Poughkeepsie, (Second Department,) who was appointed Dec. 25, 1870, and is the present incum- bent ; four Justices of the Supreme Court, Seward Barculo, elected June 7, 1847, and died in office June 17, 1854, Gilbert Dean, of Poughkeepsie, ap- pointed on the decease of Barculo, June 26, 1854, James Emott, elected Nov. 6, 1855, and Joseph F. Barnard, the present incumbent, elected Nov. 3, 1863, and re-elected ; a member of the Council of the Colony of New York, John Johnston, from 1716 to 1722 ; a member of the first Council of Safety, which was appointed May 3, 1777, and sat from May 14 to Sept. 10, 1777, Zephaniah Platt, of Poughkeepsie ; and two members of the second Council of Safety, which sat from Oct. 8, 1777 to Jan 7: 1778, first at Kingston, then at Hurley and finally at Poughkeepsie, viz: Egbert Benson, of Red Hook, and Jonathan Landon ; ten members of the Council of Appointment, Zephaniah Platt, appointed Oct. 17, 1778, and again Oct. 25, 1781, Ephraim Paine, Sept. 11, 1780, (vacated by expul- sion from the Senate March 15, 1781,) Jacobus Swartwout, of Fishkill, Jan. 21, 1784, and again Jan. 19, 1786, Anthony Hoffman, of Rhinebeck, Jan. 18, 1788, Thomas Tillotson, of Red Hook, Jan. 14, 1791, Abraham Schenck, of Fishkill, Jan. 7, 1796, Abraham Adriance, of Poughkeepsie, Feb. 7, 1804, Robert Williams, of Poughkeepsie, Jan. 31, 1810, Peter R. Livingston, of Rhinebeck, Jan. 31, 1818, and Stephen Barnum, Feb. 3, 1819; a Secretary of War, John Armstrong, of Red Hook, who was appointed by President Madison, Jan. 13, 1813 ; two Secretaries of the Navy, Smith Thomp- son, who was appointed Nov. 9, 1818, and James K. Paulding, the author of Salmagundi and other works of merit, who was appointed June 25, 1838 ;* a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, Smith Thompson, appointed Sept. 21, 1823; a diplomatic officer, Jolin Armstrong, appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to France, June 30, 1804; a Judge of the Circuit Court of the United States, Egbert Benson, appointed Feb. 20, 1804.

Delegates to State Constitutional Conventions .- Jonathan Atkins, John De Witt, Gilbert Living- ston, Zephaniah Platt, Melancton Smith, t Jacobus Swartwout and Ezra Thompson represented Duchess county in the convention which met at

* Judge Benson drew the first rules of the Court for the Correction of Errors, which were adopted in April, 1796.

* It is a noteworthy fact that the only two Secretaries of the Navy from this State were from Duchess county. + Resided in New York City.

123

CIVIL LIST-STATE SENATORS, MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY.

Poughkeepsie to adopt the Federal Constitution, and sat from June 17 to July 26, 1788. Atkins and Swartwout voted against the Constitution ; Thompson did not vote. In the convention of 1801, Duchess county was represented by Jona- than Akin, Isaac Bloom, Caleb Hazen, Peter Huested, Edmund Parlee, Smith Thompson, Joseph Thorn, John VanBenthuysen, Theodorus Van Wyck and Ithamer Weed ; in that of 1821, by Elisha Barlow, Isaac Hunting, Peter R. Living- ston, Abraham H. Schenck and James Tallmadge ; and in that of 1846 by Peter K. Dubois, Charles H. Ruggles and James Tallmadge, and in that of 1867, by B. Platt Carpenter, Wilson B. Sheldon and Homer A. Nelson, the latter of whom was delegate at large.

State Senators .- Previous to 1821, the senator- ial districts were designated as Southern, Middle, Eastern and Western. The Middle District orig- inally embraced Duchess, Orange and Ulster counties, and was entitled to six senators. Subse- quently Columbia, Delaware, Chenango, Greene and Sullivan counties were added. Its representa- tion was twelve senators from 1796 to 1808, and seven from 1808 to 1815. April 17, 1815, Duch- ess, Kings, New York, Putnam, Queens, Rich- mond, Rockland, Suffolk and Westchester counties were constituted the Southern District, and enti- tled to six senators. The county retained this connection during the further continuance of the First Constitution.

Under the Second Constitution, adopted in 1821, the State was divided into eight senatorial districts, which were designated by number. Duchess was united with Putnam, Rockland, Orange, Sullivan, Ulster and Westchester counties in forming the Second District. April 18, 1826, Delaware was annexed, but was transferred May 23, 1836, at which time Queens and Suffolk were added. Each district was entitled to four senators, one of whom was elected annually for the term of four years.

Under the Third or present Constitution, the State is divided into thirty-two districts, in each of which one member is elected in each odd year. Duchess was associated with Columbia in forming the Eighth District. April 13, 1857, the same counties were constituted the Eleventh District, and maintained that relation until April 23, 1879, when they were associated with Putnam in forming the Fifteenth District.

The State senators from Duchess county have been as follows : Jonathan Landon, 1777-'79 ;

Zephaniah Platt, 1777-'83; Ephraim Paine, 1779 -'81, 1782-'85; Jacobus Swartwout, 1784-'95 ; Cornelius Humfrey, 1787-'89; Anthony Hoffman, 1788-'90 ; Thomas Tillotson, 1791-'99 ; Abraham Schenck, 1796-'99; Peter Cantine, Jr., 1798-1801 ; Isaac Bloom, 1800-1802 ; David VanNess, 1801- 1802 ; Abraham Adriance, 1803-1806 ; Robert Johnston, 1804-1807; Robert Williams, 1808-'11 ; Morgan Lewis, 1811-'15 ; Wm. M. Tabor, 1812- '15 ; Peter R. Livingston, 1816-'22, 1826-'29 ; Stephen Barnum, 1818-'21 ; Nathaniel P. Tall- madge, 1830-'33 ; Leonard Maison, 1834-'37 ; Henry A. Livingston, 1838-'41; Abraham Bockee, 1842-'45 ; Alexander J. Coffin, 1848-'49 ; John H. Otis, 1852-'53 ; William Kelly, 1856-'57 ; John H. Ketcham, 1860-'61 ; John B. Dutcher, 1864-'65; Abiah W. Palmer, 1868-'69, 1872-'73 ; George' Morgan, 1870-'71 ; B. Platt Carpenter, 1876-'77.

Members of Assembly .- There has been great variation in Duchess county's representation in the Assembly, which has corresponded with that of the ratio of her population to that of the State, the ex- tremes being two and ten. She had seven members under the first and second apportionments-April 20, 1777, and Feb. 7, 1791 ; ten under that of March 4, 1796 ; seven under that of March 31st, 1802; six under that of April 1, 1808; five under that of April 8, 1815; four under those of April 12, 1822, and April 18, 1826 ; three under those of May 23, 1836, and March 8, 1846; two under those of April 13, 1857, April 15, 1866, and April 23, 1879, the latter of which remains in force .*

Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.

History of Duchess county, New York, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Part 24

Author: Smith, James H. (James Hadden); Cale, Hume H; Roscoe, William E Publication date: 1882 Publisher: Syracuse, N.Y. : D. Mason & Co. Number of Pages: 868

Author: Smith, James H. (James Hadden); Cale, Hume H; Roscoe, William E
Publication date: 1882
Publisher: Syracuse, N.Y. : D. Mason & Co.
Number of Pages: 868