USA > New York > Dutchess County > History of Duchess county, New York, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 67
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* Author of History of Amenia.
342
HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
The emigrant ancestor of this family was John Reed, who came from England in 1660. He had been an officer in the army of the Commonwealth, and came away at the Restoration. He died at Nor- walk in 1730, aged ninety-seven. James Reed mar- ried the daughter of Daniel Castle in 1759, and built his house on the present site of James H. Swift's residence. This house was removed many years ago, and is now a tenant-house belonging to Mr. M. F. Winchester.
Eliakim Reed's sons were Eliakim, Jr., who went to Greene County ; Simeon, who settled in Vermont; Silas and Samuel, who settled in Ontario County; Phineas, who lived in Hills- dale, and Ezra, who remained on the homestead. Eliakim Reed came to Amenia in 1773.
Capt. Reed was a man of great sagacity and enterprise, and was widely known for his honora- ble dealing. He enlarged his estate, conducted a store, a mill, and a manufactory of iron, and, dur- ing the war, of steel. He was also one of the first in sustaining a religious society. His sons were Daniel, Reuben, Stephen, Elijah, Amos, Gil- bert, Jesse, Jacob, James and Philo. Only Reu- ben, Stephen and Philo died in Amenia. The others removed to the western part of the State. The daughters were Mrs. Northrop and Mrs. Rose. They all left families except Philo.
Judah Swift, came from Barnstable County, Mass., to Amenia in 1769, and settled on the farm where his son, Moses, continued to reside. His son, Seth, built the house where Thomas W. Swift now resides, and continued there until his death. Samuel Swift and Nathaniel, sons of Judah, re- moved to the western part of the State. The son of Moses Swift was Thomas. The sons of Seth were Moses, Henry, Eleazer, Morton, and Thomas W. Henry was a lawyer in Poughkeepsie, E. M. Swift was a lawyer in Dover. The others were residents of Amenia.
Many of these early settlers owned slaves who were kindly cared for and instructed in the facts and duties of religion. It is said that Jacob Evart- son held as many as forty slaves.
The most of the slaves in the town were manu- mitted according to the manner and the conditions prescribed by law. Ezra Reed, in 1788, set at lib- erty his slaves, Joel and his wife, and their son, Jeduthan. The latter lived on the Darling place, near Wassaic, and became a respectable citizen.
In 1792, Samuel Swift gave freedom to his slaves, Pomp and Mela, " in consideration of their faithful services ;" and in 1795 to his slave, Han-
nah, and her child, Zephaniah. In 1794, Judah Swift manumitted his "negro man, named York."
In 1794, Jacob Bockée discharged from his ser- vice, and that of his heirs forever, a certain slave, named Simon LeGrande. It was an appropriate action on the part of Mr. Bockée to thus give practical expression to his views of slavery, for a few years later he introduced in the Legislature a bill for the abolition of slavery in this State. This important beginning resulted in the complete aboli- tion of slavery July 4, 1827.
Those who held slaves were not permitted to set any at liberty, and thus cast them off, who were unable to provide for themselves. In consequence of that measure there were in 1824, a few years before the final termination of slavery in New York, thirty-two slaves in Amenia.
As may be supposed, agriculture was the princi- pal occupation of the pioneers of the town. Those who settled here were men who looked to agricul- ture as the only means of subsistence. Much of the tillable land was easily cleared, and yielded bountifully to the simplest cultivation. Timber for building and all other necessary uses was plenty. The land was well watered with springs and rivu- lets, and larger streams for mills. The first mill was built at what was known as Leedsville about 1740, and soon after one at the Steel Works by Waterman, and several others at various places in the town. In 1760, Henry Clapp, of Rombout (Fishkill), sold to Thomas Wolcott, of Crom Elbow (Amenia, then a part of Crom Elbow,) a mill site, where the stone mill now stands, on which Simeon Kelsey built a mill. This mill was purchased by Capt. Reed, who enlarged it by adding to it the mill at the Steel Works.
All of the early settlers gained a comfortable subsistence from their farms. None of them attain- ed extravagant wealth, but through the subsequent generations of the citizens of Amenia there has been a more equal distribution of property among the people than in most of the towns in Duchess County.
The means of travel and communication in the last century were meagre. There were then no stage coaches or mail carriages known in this part of the country. The only post-road in the State in 1789 was between New York and Albany, and there were then but seven postoffices in the State. It required a journey of two days to reach New York, and the distance was traversed on horseback. Goods were brought by sloops to Poughkeepsie. The Duchess Turnpike was made in 1805, and
343
TOWN OF AMENIA.
proved useful to the citizens of Eastern Duchess and Litchfield. Several of the mile-stones erected in early days are still standing. One by the road leading from the Steel Works to Dover, where the stream comes down from Tower Hill, is marked " 183 miles to Boston." Another near the parson- age in South Amenia is inscribed " 35 miles to Fishkill," " 179 miles to Boston," " 29 miles to Poughkeepsie." The stones were set up during the Revolution, while the British held the country below the Highlands, and this was one of the prin- cipal routes between the Eastern and Southern States, by the way of Fishkill, where they crossed the Hudson. Officers of the American and French armies passed this way between the Eastern States and the headquarters on the Hudson. The Hes- sians were marched through the town on this road to Fishkill, where they crossed the river, when they were removed from Massachusetts to Virginia in 1778.
One of the first stores established in Amenia was built by Capt. James Reed, some years before the war of the Revolution. It stood a short dis- tance north of his dwelling, and was resorted to for trade by the citizens of a wide extent of the country. The place is marked now by a few locust trees, the offspring of those planted at the time the building was there. Other stores were kept at an early day at the Square, and near the City, at Neeley's, Delavergne's, Adam's Mills, and near the Red Meeting House.
The traffic was limited to a few articles of for- eign manufacture, tea, wine, brandy, and the products of the West Indies. Domestic manu- factures supplied many of the articles now ob- tained, wholly by exchange. Cotton was then scarcely known, and there was very little traffic in woolen fabrics. Hats, shoes, mittens, and all ordinary clothing were unknown to their com- merce. The most of their exchanges were by barter, as money was scarce, and what little was used was of silver.
In the latter part of the last century a company was formed in the northwest part of the town, called the Federal Company, for the purpose of general trade. They conducted the Federal store. Judge Smith was at the head of the company, and there were some nine other associates in the bus- iness. About 1803 another company was formed, including several members of the Federal Com- pany, with Willian Davies at the head. Previous to 1817, an association was incorporated, includ- ing some of the members of the former companies,
and the headquarters were also at the Federal store. They began the carding of wool by horse- power, in which they were not successful, when they removed to the stream near Adam's Mills, where they erected a building for the manufacture of woolen cloth. The late Capt. Robert Willson was president of this company, and they issued a considerable amount of small bills as currency. This business of the company was also unprofit- able,and the property was sold to Lawrence Smith, who continued the work of cloth-dressing.
It was a notable advance in the use of machinery when John Hinchliffe set up his carding machine at the Steel Works, in 1803. The wool which had previously been carded by hand was now brought from a great distance to this novel and curious machine, which was the first in this part of America.
The important business of making leather was conducted at different places in the town. This was an industry exactly suited to the wants of the people, who utilized the hides of their cattle for boots, shoes and harness. They neither bought nor sold to any extent. Their leather was in exact ratio to their consumption of beef, veal and mutton, and the bark for tanning was conven- iently near.
There was a tannery at South Amenia, estab- lished by Joseph and Gersham Reed; one at Amenia Union, by William Young ; one at the Square, one near Thomas Ingraham's, and several others in different parts of the town.
The first tow nmeeting for the Precinct of Amenia was held at the house of Roswell Hopkins, on the first Tuesday in April, 1762. This place of meet- ing, and of the subsequent town meetings for many years, was near where the Old Meeting House stood. The officers chosen at this meeting were: Capt. Stephen Hopkins, Supervisor ; Michael Hopkins, Town Clerk; Samuel Doty, Jonathan Reynolds, Assessors ; Benjamin Benedict, Abraham Paine, Moses Barlow, Overseers of Poor; Conrad Winegar, Constable and Collector ; Samuel Shep- herd, Rufus Herrick, Ichabod Rogers, Constables ; Thomas Wolcott, Jonathan Reynolds, Pound Keep- ers ; Miles Washburn, Benjamin Benedict, Roswell Hopkins, Fence Viewers ; Thomas Wolcott, John Beebe, Joseph Pennoyer, Philip Pitts, Samuel Shepherd, William Barker, William Roberts, Ed- mund Perlee, Moses Harris, Job Milk, Overseers of Highways. Captain Stephen Hopkins and Sam- uel King were chosen to take inventories of in- testate estates for the ensuing year.
344
HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
The succession of Supervisors and Town Clerks, from 1763 to date, has been as follows :-
Supervisors.
Clerks.
1763. Edmund Perlee, Michael Hopkins.
1764-'66. Stephen Hopkins, do do
1767. Edmund Perlee, do do
1768-'72. Ephraim Paine, do do
1773-'75- do do
Roswell Hopkins.
1776. Silas Marsh, do
do
1777-'78. Roswell Hopkins,
do
do
1779-'80. John Chamberlain, do do
1781. Colbe Chamberlain, do do
1782-'83. Ephraim Paine, do do
1784-'86. Isaac Darrow, William Barker.
1787-'93. Barnabas Paine, do do
1794-'97. Edmund Perlee, do do
1798-1800. Cyrenus Crosby, Allen Wardwell.
1801-'02. Philip Spencer, Jr., do do
1803.
Elisha Barlow, Barnabas Paine.
1804. Benjamin Herrick, do do
1805-'06. Benajah Thompson,
do do
1807.
do do John Freeman.
1808. do
do Abiah Palmer.
1809.
Isaac Smith,
do do
18IO.
Benajah Thompson, do do
18II-'12. Elisha Barlow, do do
1713-'15. do do William Balis.
1816. do do Sturgis Sanford.
1817-'18. do do Joseph Ketcham.
1819. Abraham Bockée, do do
1820. Joel Denton, Jr.,
Thomas Paine.
1821. Thomas Barlow, do do
1822. Abraham Bockée,
Joseph D. Hunt.
1823.
Joel Benton,
Thomas Paine.
1825-'27. Tabor Belden,
do do
1829. Joseph D. Hunt,
1830-'31. Philo Cline,
1832. Walter Perlee,
1833. Philo Cline, do do
1834. do do
John Williams.
1835. do do Thomas Wilson.
1836. William A. Benton, do . do
1837. do do Elijah D. Freeman. Thomas Wilson.
1838-'40. Philo Cline,
1841. John K. Mead, Hiram Brown.
1842. Wm. N. Merritt, do do Hiram Brown.
1843.
1844. Hiram Vail.
George Conklin.
1845- do do
Luke W. Stanton.
1846-'47. Noah Gridley,
John C. Paine.
1848-'49. John H. Perlee,
George W. Center.
1850. Philo Cline,
Edward Reed.
1851-'52. George H. Swift,
1853-'54. John C. Paine,
1855-'56. Robert Grant,
1857-'58. Judah Swift,
Hiram Platt.
1859-'60. Walter P. Perlee,
Chas. M. Benjamin.
1861. M. F. Winchester,
do
do
1862. Chas. E. Bostwick,
do
do
1863.
Wm. H. Grant,
do do
1 864. B. P. Carpenter,
do do
1865. John H. Cline,
do do
1866-'67. M. F. Winchester, Chas. M. Benjamin.
1868.
Isaac H. Conklin, do do
1869. C. M. Benjamin, Jacob A. Davis.
1870. Isaac H. Conklin, C. M. Benjamin.
1871. Chas. M. Benjamin, Jno. W. Hoysradt.
1872. Hiram Cooper, Henry I. Taylor.
1873. do do Eugene Kempton.
1874. George Williams,
Charles P. Davis.
do do Eugene Kempton.
1876. Ambrose Mygatt, do do
1877-'78. John W. Putnam, do do
1879. Philo F. Winchester, Charles Walsh.
1880. John W. Putnam, Eugene M. Kempton.
1881. Philo F. Winchester, do
do
AMENIA UNION.
The village of Amenia Union lies in the extreme eastern part of the town, a portion of it being in the town of Sharon, Connecticut. Many of the early settlements were made in this vicinity. This place was, and is now to some extent, known as "Hitchcock's Corners," so called from a family of that name who lived in this vicinity, one of whom, Solomon Hitchcock, traded here as early as 1800. This family was from Norwalk, Conn., and came to Sharon, adjoining, in 1750, and settled on the farm where the late Southard Hitchcock resided.
The postmaster here is Amariah Hitchcock, who was appointed in 1841, in which year he came to this place, having for two years previous been assistant postmaster at South Amenia. The office was established here in 1823, and it was on a mail route which extended from New Milford, Conn. to Pownal, Vermont, through Sharon and Salisbury, and the principal towns of Berkshire County. The mail was carried through each way, once a week, most of the time in a one-horse wagon. Previous- ly the few letters that were written were car- ried by private hands, and the newspapers- principally from Hartford and Poughkeepsie- were carried by mounted post-riders. Mr. Hitchcock is probably the oldest postmaster in Duchess County. When he came here he en- tered the mercantile business, in which he con- tinued until 1874. The house in which he lives was built in 1783, by Daniel Reed, father of the late William Reed, Mrs. Nancy Reed, Jerome and others. The old homestead of the Hitchcocks in Sharon, about one-half mile east of Amenia Union, has been in the family since 1765. It was located by Capt. Samuel Hitchcock, grandfather to Amariah.
An earlier merchant here was Solomon Chan- dler, who kept a store near here in 1791. He lived in the John Reed house.
The merchants now engaged in business here
1824.
David Nye, do do
1828. Joel Brown,
do do
William Faxon. do do
Barak Mead.
Thomas Wilson.
George W. Center. John Hiscock. do do
1875.
345
TOWN OF AMENIA.
are Mr. E. Lambert and Allen Wiley, the latter having been in business three years. Another early settler near this place was John Reed, father to Charles and others, who came from Redding, Conn., in 1804, and purchased the farm where the old stone house stands, and where he died in 182 [.
Captain William Young came to this place from Leedsville and set up an extensive tannery. He built the house which is part of the hotel, and after- wards built the house which became the property of Dr. William Young Chamberlain. The hotel was built in 1819, by Solomon Winegar, who kept it until 1823. Peter Hurd succeeded Winegar as proprietor, remaining one year, followed by Isaac Crane from the spring of 1825 till 1834 ; then by Ephraim H. Chamberlain, one year. Milo Winches- ter then bought the stand of Winegar, of whom these others had leased, and run the hotel from 1835 to February, 1862, when he died, and the estate sold the property to Albert Pray, who kept it three years. The present proprietor is Benett B. Humeston, who, with his son, has kept the hotel twelve years.
Among the early physicians of this place and of the town was Dr. Reuben Allerton, son of Isaac Allerton, of Windham, Conn., who purchased the farm of Abner Gillet, now the James farm, in 1787. Dr. Reuben Allerton preceded his father here a few years, and began the practice of medicine about 1778. In 1785 he removed to Oblong, where for a time he lived in the John Reed house, and afterwards, until his death, near the Presbyte- rian church, now of South Amenia. It was prob- ably immediately after the completion of his medi- cal studies that he entered the service of the Col- onies as Surgeon in the regiment of Col. Hopkins, in 1777. He died in 1806, aged fifty-four. Doc- tors Cyrenus Crosby and Alpheus Leonard were the successors of Dr. Allerton. Dr. Leonard died in 1829.
Dr. Ebenezer H. Conklin began his practice here in 1820. He remained until 1832, and re- moved to Michigan. Dr. Roberts studied with Conklin, and practiced until his death in about 1842. Dr. William Young Chamberlain succeeded Dr. Roberts, and remained till his death in 1863.
The present physicians here are Dr. Chapman, who came here six years ago, and Dr. Lewis C. Green, a graduate of Albany Medical College, in 1855, who came to this town in 1859.
At this place, but across the line, in Connecticut, is the stationary house and tobacco manufactory of J. D. Barnum, the most important industry of
this vicinity. The business employs from sixteen to twenty hands.
Methodist Church. The edifice of this society was built in 1859, the corner stone having been laid on Monday, July 18th, of that year. The building is thirty-five by fifty-five feet, with a grand tower and bell, costing upwards of $4,000. The bell weighs 709 pounds. The lot on which the building stands was purchased of George H. Swift for $250.00. This society was formed in Sharon, Conn., in 1822. The original members who signed the first records on the books of the society were, Daniel Braton, An- san Norton, Thomas Wing, Joseph Soule, Cunard W. Boyd, Landius Lathrop, Horace Clark. Other members of the society were Aaron Hunt, Orrin Clark, John Williams, Oliver Kellogg, Henry Haines, Ebenezer Wing, Elihu Chamberlain and Harry Chamberlain.
Methodism was introduced into this locality by the preaching of Rev. Cornelius Cook in the year 1788. From that date to 1812, there were no regular meetings held, but from that time meetings were held in the school house which stood near the place. In 1812, Rev. Marvin Richardson, being in connection with the Duchess Circuit, came here and preached.
The worship was continued in the school house until the year 1822, when a place of worship was built and dedicated. The house stood just across the line in Connecticut. The building is now used as a district school house, with a public hall above. In 1859, the society decided to build a new house of worship. A lot was secured on lands of George H. Swift, and a neat and commodious edifice was erected. It was dedicated January 26, 1860, by Rev. E. O. Haven. A farewell service was held in the old church in Connecticut, January 25th, of that year, Rev. L. H. King, one of the former pastors, preaching the sermon, and W. J. Dedrich giving the historical address.
The Society of St. Thomas' Episcopal Church was organized in 1848-'49. Rev. Homer Wheaton was a missionary here at that time. Their first meetings were held in a school house in New York State, in District No. 6. The church edifice was erected in 1849. The first wardens elected were Stephen Knibloe and Henry Reed. The first ves- trymen, Eli S. Jarvis, Harry Morehouse, George D. Griffin, John Boyd, Robert Grant, David Doug- lass, William H. Ingraham, Amariah Hitchcock. Rev. Homer Wheaton became the first rector. The present membership is small, and with no located rector,
346
HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
SOUTH AMENIA.
South Amenia contains a church, a store, a post- office, grist-mill, built in 1846, (George B. Lam- bert,) blacksmith shop (William Barnhardt,) and a population of less than a hundred .*
The postmaster here is Milo F. Winchester, who was appointed July 10, 1849.
The merchants are Winchester & Nase, in busi- ness as a firm fifteen or more years. Mr. Win- chester has been in the mercantile business here since 1847. The first merchant here was probably Philo Cline, from 1820 to 1825. He was the first postmaster here.
An early landlord here was Daniel Castle, who came from Roxbury, then a part of Woodbury, Conn., some time previous to 1758, and settled at South Amenia, where he was keeping a tavern at that date. His son, Gideon Castle, built a house where the postoffice stands, and afterwards pur- chased the James Tanner farm, where he remained. Daniel Castle's daughter was the wife of Capt. James Reed.
Between South Amenia and Amenia Union is the residence of Newton Reed, the author of the "Early History of Amenia," a most valuable con- tribution to the historical data of the County, to whose kindness we are indebted for the facts re- lating to the earlier history of this town. Newton Reed is a native of Amenia, and has always lived on the farm where his father and grandfather lived and died. He was born in 1805, and received his classical education in the old academy of Kinder- hook, and while young spent a few years in teach- ing. He has been a frequent contributor to the agricultural and other periodical literature of the time. This family, with the other families of the name in the town, are the descendants of John Reed, of Norwalk, Connecticut, who was an officer of the Commonwealth in the English civil war, which resulted in the overthrow of the royal power.
The first preaching of the gospel here, of which there is any record, was by Rev. Abraham Reinke, a Moravian Missionary, in 1753. He preached to the Indians in this vicinity.
Previous to 1755, a house of worship was erected in Amenia Union which, from the fact that the roof had four sides, terminating at the top in an orna- mental cupola, was widely known as the "Round Top Meeting House." It stood about twenty yards west of the colony line, on the hill west of E. Lambert's store, on land now owned by William
Blithman .* December 11, 1759, a church was organized, and Rev. Ebenezer Knibloe became its pastor. The congregation was composed of people of very diverse origin : Palatines, Huguenots, and Puritans, while the pastor was from Scotland, where he was born in 1729. Mr. Knibloe was pas- tor of this church about sixteen years, and the breach of this relation was occasioned because of his apparent loyalty to the King at the beginning of the Revolutionary War-an attitude entirely contrary to that of the Presbyterian ministers of that day. The evidence, however, was clearly against the suspicion, and it afterward became the con- viction of the people that he was not disloyal, and from about the end of the war until the close of his life in 1785, he continued to preach to the accept- ance of the people. He died December 20, 1785, aged fifty-six.
While the British army held New York, the dis- tinguished Rev. Dr. John Rodgers, pastor of a Presbyterian church there, left the city, as many others did, and found a safe retreat in the country. He came here in 1778, and ministered to the people about two years. The distinguished Rev. Dr. Liv- ingston, who in like manner found a retreat in Sharon, for a time preached to this congregation.
Rev. David Rose, who was obliged to leave his congregation on Long Island, also preached here. Besides these were Revs. Mr. Everitt, Mr. Emerly, Mr. Thompson and Mr. Williston.
The names of about a hundred and sixty heads of families are recorded, most of whom were pa- rishioners of Mr. Knibloe, which indicates a popu- lation nearly equal to the present in the same limits.t The number of marriages by Mr. Knibloe was 320, of baptisms, 581,-suggestive testimonials to the prosperity of that generation.
Among the members of the church during Mr. Knibloe's pastorate were: Alexander Spencer, Ellis Doty, Meltiah Lothrop, Daniel Rowley, James Reed, Reuben Swift, Margaret Chamberlain, Pris- cilla Lovel, Jediah Bumpus, Hannah Swift, Dorcas Belding, Joanna Barlow, and the following gentle- men and their wives : Silas Belding, Samuel Wa- terman, Isaac Hamlin, Benjamin Hollister, Daniel Castile, Ezra Reed, Elijah Reed, Stephen Warren, Colbe Chamberlain, Moses Barlow, Eliakim Reed.
The leading members of the society in 1786, when they removed and rebuilt the church edifice, and in 1796, when they purchased the parsonage farm, were: James Reed, Moses Barlow, Walter * In 1786 this edifice was taken down and another erected near where the present building of the society stands, in South Amenia.
t The population of Amenia in 1790, was 3,078. In 1880, 2,697.
* 82, at last census.
347
TOWN OF AMENIA.
Lothrop, Stephen Warren, Gideon Castile, Eliakim Reed, Elisha Barlow, Seth Swift, Moses Swift, Ben- jamin Delamater, Conrad Row, Samuel Row, Oli- ver Kellogg, Elisha Tobey, Ebenezer Hatch, Reu- ben Allerton, John Cline, John Boyd, Amariah Hitchcock, Sylvanus Nye, William Young, Samuel Hitchcock, Ezekiel Sackett, Martin Delamater, Gersham Reed, Jedidiah Bump and Azariah Jud- son.
After the death of Mr. Knibloe several minis- ters were engaged temporarily and for brief periods until 1802, when Rev. John Barnet, A. M., was engaged for an indefinite time, and his ministry was acceptably continued to 1812.
June 28, 1815 Rev. Joel Osborn was installed as pastor. The first Sabbath school in this section was established by him in that year. He was dis- missed in 1825, at his own request.
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