USA > New York > Saratoga County > History of Saratoga County, New York, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers. > Part 39
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PHOTO BY MYERS, SARATOGASPRINGS
CAPTAIN JAMES P. BUTLER.
Captain Butler has in his possession a volume of Homer's Odyssey, of date 1772, with the family name bearing date at Woodbury, Conn., 1782; so that his branch of the family left about that period for the valley of Lake Champlain.
Captain Butler inherited from his ancestors great vigor of constitution and strong mental endowments. Although at an oarly age his opportuni- ties for education were limited, he possessed an ardent thirst for knowledge and was an incessaut reader of books. Ile studied law in the nffico of the late Zebulon R. Shepherd, formerly an eminent criminal lawyer of Washing- ton county, and was admitted to practice in the old common pleas court in 1840, in the supreme court in 1843, as solicitor in the court of chancery in 1846, and as counselor in the supreme court in 1847.
At an early age he took an active interest in political affairs, being first identified with the Whig party, and subsequently a Republican. He represented his native town in the board of supervisors of Essex county for several years in succession. At the age of sixteen he enlisted in an
independent company of artillery, and was promoted through all the various grades till he attained the rank of major in the Seven- teench Regiment of Artillery, when in 1846 the militia system was abolished, leaving him with supernumerary rank. lle was ap- pointed district attorney of Essex county by Governor Ilunt, in 1852, to fill a vacabey caused by tho resignation of Edward S. Shumway. Ile was nominated hy the Whig party to the same office in the fall of 1853, and was elected by a very large majority. At the end of his term, in 1857, he removed to Saratoga County, and o cned a law-office, where he has remained in prac- tice ever since.
At the commencement of the late civil war he took an active part in the defense of the Union. In April, 1862, he went through Baltimore the day after the riotous assault upon the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment. On reaching Washington he was enlisted iu Cassios M. Clay's battalion, and served fourteen days, being stationed at tho White House.
In April, 1863, he was appointed hy the President of the United States, under the enrolment act, provost marshal of the Eighteenth District of New York, and established his headquarters in the city of Schenectady. Ile execuled and enforced the first draft ordered in the Stato during the riots of that year, and enlisted the first squad of colored men for the army which entered the service. He served as provost marshal, with the rank of captain, from April, 1863, to October, 1865, when he was boncrably discharged. In all the offices of responsibility and trust which he has filled, Captain Butler has attained a high reputation for efficiency and integrity, and in his professional and private life has well earned the confidence and esteem so universally accorded him.
His devotion to the government in the time of its need is evinced by the fact that in 1864 he put into the service a representative recruit for his infant son, Walter P. Butler, for whom he paid the sum of nine hundred dollars. He has a certificate of the enlistment from the records at Washington, and a photograph of the soldier, who was killed in the service.
He has been a trustee of the village of Saratoga Springs for four years, and was a member of the board of supervisors in 1870 and 1871.
RES. OF J. H. FARRINGTON. NORTH BROADWAY. SARATOGA SPRINGS, N Y.
159
IHISTORY OF SARATOGA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
was that the Great Spirit, who had made this wonder- ful rock, and had caused the healing waters to flow from it spontaneously, for the benefit of his red children, was angry on account of the desecration of its medicine waters in making so improper use of them by some of their squaws, who had visited the spring, that the water never flowed over the roek afterwards.
1
" Such was the tradition of the untutored Indians, who knew little of geology or of hydraulics. But the true reason why the mineral waters ceased to flow out at the top of this rock, which had been gradually formed from their deposits, was probably this: these waters, in process of time, had found another outlet, perhaps at some con- siderable distance from here, and which outlet must have been something like twenty inches lower than the level of the top of this rock. For we now see that by tubing the mineral fountain so that it cannot escape fromn beneath, or in any other way than through this natural orifice at the top of the rock, the present proprietors of the spring now cause its healing waters to flow out again, where they had ceased to flow for more than a century at the least."
-
ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
The following analysis of the High Rock spring water was made by Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ph.D., of Columbia College School of Mines, who visited the spring and per- sonally collected the water for analysis. Analysis of oue United States gallon :
Grains.
Chloride of sodium ....
390.127
Chloride of potassium ..
8.497
Bromide of sodium.
0.731
Iodide of sodium ...
0,086
Fluoride of calcium.
trace.
Sulphate of potassa.
1.608
Bicarbonate of baryta ..
trace.
Bicarbonate of strontia ..
trace.
Bicarbonate of lime ..
131.739
Bicarbonate of magnesia.
54.024
Bicarbonate of soda.
34.888
Bicarbonate of iron.
1.478
Phosphate of lime.
trace.
Alumina.
1.293
Silica
2.260
-
Total.
628.039
409.458 cub. in. Carbonic acid gas ........
It is thus shown that the water is highly charged with valuable mineral and gaseous properties.
CONGRESS SPRING.
The Congress spring has long been the most famous of all the mineral springs of Saratoga. It may, of a truth, be said that to the early development of this spring the village of Saratoga Springs owes much of its present pros- perity.
As has been already seen, Congress spring was not dis- covered till the year 1792.
As to who the actual discoverer was there seems to be considerable doubt. The discovery of this spring has been generally attributed to John Taylor Gilman, of New Hamp- shire. Gilman and his brother, it is said, were both staying with Benjamin Risley, at the Schouten Ilouse. That John Taylor Gilman was there at all has lately been denied by the minister of the church in New Hampshire which he
attended. Dr. John Il. Steel also seems to think it may have been Gilman's brother, who had been a member of Congress. The discovery, tradition says, was in the follow- ing manner :
Upon a pleasant afternoon in August, he took his gun and strolled up the little creek that runs past the High Rock spring, in search of game. Saratoga was then all a wilder- ness, excepting the little clearing around the tavern, and two or three others in the vicinity. He followed up the little brook, as it ran through the tangled swamp, until he came to a branch that entered it from the west. This braneh then took its rise in a clear spring that ran out of the sand-bank, near where the Clarendon Hotel now stands. Running across Broadway, then an Indian trail, a little northerly of the Washington spring, it emptied into a main brook in what is now Congress street, just below the Con- gress spring. A few yards above the mouth of the branch was a little cascade. Below the eascade, the rock rose ab- ruptly two or three feet above the level of its bed. Out of this rocky bank, at the foot of the cascade, a little jet of sparkling water, not larger than a pipe-stem, spirted and fell into the water of the stream. Struck by its singular appearance, Gilman stopped to examine it. It tasted not unlike the water of the High Rock spring that was already so famous. The truth flashed upon his mind in an instant. He had found a new mineral spring.
Hastening back to his boarding-place, Gilman made known his discovery. Every person in the settlement was soon at the foot of that little caseade in the deep wild woods, wondering at the curious spectacle. There was Risley and his family, of the Schouten House. There was Alexander Bryan, the patriot scout of the Revolution, who kept the only rival tavern-a log one-near Risley's. There was General Schuyler, who had, just ten years before, cut a road through the woods from his mills near the mouth of Fish creek to the Springs; and Gideon Putnam, the founder of the lower village; and Gilman's brother, and a few more guests who were at the little log tavern. And there, too, was Indian Joe, from his elearing on the hill, near where the Clarendon now is, and some of his swarthy brethren, from their huts near the High Rock, wondering at the strange commotion among the pale-faces at the little water- fall in the brook. And they all, gathering around it, each in turn tasted the water of the newly-found fountain, and, pronouncing it of superior quality, they named it then and there the Congress spring, out of compliment to its distin- guished discoverer, and in honor of the old Continental Congress, of which he had been a member.
Governor Gilman had long been connected with public affairs, and was the popular leader of the Federal party in his native State. He had served with honor in the Pro- vineial forces in the War of the Revolution, had been a del- egate in the Continental Congress for two years, and was at this time State treasurer, and from 1794 was for eleven years governor of the State.
Judging from all the evidence it is probable that the real discoverer was Nicholas Gilman, a younger brother of the governor, a member of the First Congress at Philadelphia. Ile had been assistant adjutant-general of General Iforatio Gates, and as such had become familiar with the country
160
HISTORY OF SARATOGA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
in the vicinity of Saratoga. It is stated, not very definitely as to dates, however, that "once, on his way from Phila- delphia, he came to New York to visit in the family of his friend, George Clinton, and to see the place of Burgoyne's surrender, and in going a gunning found that spring."
Like the High Rock, the title of Congress spring runs back to the old Indian decd of Kayadrossera and the pat- ent of the same name; falling, in the division of the pat- ent in 1771 between the thirteen proprietary interests, to the heirs of Rip Van Dam. Lot 12 was sold by said heirs to Jacob Walton, Isaae Low, and Anthony Van Dam. Isaac Low at first adhered to the American cause, but afterwards went to England, and his estates were confiscated. Ilis interest in Jot 12 was bought by the Livingstons, who, on its division, became the owners of the part on which Congress spring is situated. Soon after its discovery, Con- gress spring was leased to Gideon Putnam, and he began its improvement. After his death his heirs gave up the claim, and the spring, in 1823, was purchased by Dr. John Clarke with considerable land adjoining. Dr. Clarke was a native of Yorkshire, England. Hle married Mrs. Eliza White, by whom he had three children,-a daughter Eliza, now Mrs. Sheehan, and two sons, Thomas and George B. By her first husband she had two sons,-William B. White and John H. White, and two daughters, Mary R., who married Daniel Shepherd, and Louisa A., who married Amos A. Maxwell.
After Dr. Clarke bought the spring he went at onee to work and made great improvements. In truth he Jaid the foundation of the present prosperous condition of the spring property. He formed the unsightly swamp into a beautiful park, laid out streets, built houses, and in a large degree eon- tributed to the present prosperity of the village. In 1825 Dr. Clarke began to bottle the water, -a business which has so increased from its small beginnings that now from seventy- five to one hundred thousand dozen bottles are annually sold. Dr. Clarke died on the 6th day of May, 1856. A few years after his death, William B. White bought the property of his heirs, and remained sole owner till he died. In 1865 Mrs. Eliza Sheehan bought the property of the heirs of Wiu. B. White, and she became the sole owner.
Mrs. Sheehan afterward sold one-half her interest to Chauncey Kilmer, and an incorporated company was formed, entitled " The Congress and Empire Spring Com- pany," with a capital of one million dollars, in whose hands the spring still remains. In making up the stock the Con- gress spring was put in at $700,000 and the Empire at $300,000.
The present officers of the company are Berkley B. Hoteh- kiss, president ; Cornelius Sheehan, vice-president and treas- urer ; Charles C. Dawson, secretary ; Charles A. Hotchkiss, William Van Vranken, Louis E. Whiting, and John T. Carr, directors.
ANALYSIS OF CONGRESS SPRING WATER, BY PROFES-
SOR C. F. CHANDLER.
One United States gallon of 231 cubie inches contains :
Grains.
Chloride of sodium. .......
400.444
Chloride of potassium
8.049
Bicarbonate of magnesia .. 121.757
Bicarbonate of lime ...
143.399
Grains.
Bicarbonate of lithia ..
4.761
Bicarbonate of soda ..
10.775
Bicarbonate of baryta ..
0,928
Bicarbonate of iron
0.340
Bicarbonate of strontia.
a trace.
Bromide of sodium
8.559
Iodide of sodium
0.138
Sulphate of potassa
0.889
Phosphate of soda
0.016
Silica ..
0.840
Fluoride of calcium
Biborate of soda.
each a trace.
Alumina ..
Total
700.895
Carbonie acid gas.
.392.289 cubic inches.
Our limited space does not allow us to go much into de- tail in the history of the numerous other mineral springs of Saratoga. A short mention and analysis of their waters is all we ean give.
COLUMBIAN SPRING.
This spring is located in Congress park, just west of the Congress-park entranee and a little nearer Broadway.
ANALYSIS OF COLUMBIAN WATERS, BY PROF. E. EMMONS.
Specific gravity 1007.3. Solid and gaseous contents as follows :
Grains.
Chloride of sodium
267.00
Bicarbonate of suda.
15.40
Bicarbonate of magnesia.
46.71
Hydriodate of soda.
2.06
Carbonate of lime.
68.00
Carbonate of iron
5.58
Silex
2.05
Hydro-bromate of potash scarcely a trace.
Solid contents in a gallon.
407.30
Carhonic acid gas 272.06 inches.
Atmospheric air
4.50
276.56 inches.
EMPIRE SPRING.
This spring, one of the best in Saratoga, is located in the north part of the shallow valley that runs through the village.
Although the existence of mineral water in this locality was known for a long time, it was not until 1846 that any one thought it worth the necessary expense of excavation and tubing. The rock was struck twelve feet below the surface of the earth, and so copious was the flow of water that the tubing proved to be a work of unusual difficulty. When once accomplished, the water flowed in great abon- dance and purity. Its general properties closely resemble the Congress, and it was for a time known as the New Con- gress spring. The spring is now owned by the Congress and Empire Spring Company.
ANALYSIS OF EMPIRE SPRING WATER, BY PROF. C. F. CHIANDLER.
One United States gallon of 231 cubic inches contains :
Grains.
Chloride of sodium
506.630
Chloride of potassium ..
4,292
Bicarbonate of magnesia ..
12.953
Bicarbonate of lime.
109.656
Bicarbonate of lithia
2.080
Bicarbonate of soda.
9,022
Bicarbonate of baryta.
0.075
Bicarbonate of iron
0.793
Bicarbonate of strontia.
a trace.
Bromide of sodiumn.
0.266
Jodide of sodium
0.006
GEYSER LAKE & WATERFALL
VIEW IN GEYSER PARK.
SER SPATIHO
GEYSER INTERIOR.
"GEYSER SPRING PROPERTY . "
FISH POND AND RAMBLE.
161
HISTORY OF SARATOGA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Grains.
Sulphate of potassa.
2.769
Phosphate of soda.
0.023
Silica.
1.145
Alumina
0.418
Fluoride of calcium
Bihorate of soda
cach a tracc.
Organic matter ...
Total 680.136
Carbonic acid. 344.699 cubic in.
EXCELSIOR SPRING.
This spring is found in a beautiful valley, amid picturesque scenery, about a mile east of the town-hall. The principal park entrance is on Lake avenue, half a mile from Circular street, or it may be approached by Spring avenue, which will lead us past most of the principal springs, and the Loughberry Water-Works with its famous Ilolly machinery. Near the water-works, we see just before us the fine sum- mer hotel known as the Mansion House, surrounded by its grand old trees and beautiful lawn.
The valley in which these two springs is situated was for- merly known as the " Valley of the Ten Springs," but the present owners, after grading and greatly beautifying the grounds, changed its name in honor of the spring to Excel- sior park. In this valley are the Union spring and several others, giving rise to the name "Ten Springs."
The Excelsior spring has been known by some of the oldest visitors of Saratoga for at least half a century. The water, however, was not much known to the general public until 1859, when Mr. II. II. Lawrence, the former owner, and father of the present proprietors, retubed the spring in the most thorough manner,-the tubing extending to a depth of fifty-six feet, eleven of which are in the solid roek. By this improvement the water flows with all its properties undeteriorated, retaining from source to outlet its original purity and strength.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXCELSIOR SPRING WATER. By the late R. L. Allen, M.D., of Saratoga Springs.
Grains.
Chloride of sodium
370.642
Carbonate of lime.
77.000
Carbonate of magnesia.
32.333
Carbonate of soda ..
15.000
Silicate of potassa.
7.000
Carbonate of iron.
3.215
Sulphate of soda.
1.321
Silicate of soda.
4.000
Iodide of soda ..
4.235
Bromide of potassa
a trace.
Sulphate of stroutia
a trace.
Solid contents in a gallon
51-1.746
Carbonic acid.
250 cubic inches. 3
Atmosphere
Gascous contents. 253
UNION SPRINO.
This spring is near the centre of Excelsior park, and about ten rods northwest of Excelsior spring. It was originally known as the " Jackson" spring, aud is described under that name by Dr. John H. Steel, in his " Mineral Waters of Saratoga and Ballston." The water was but imperfectly secured until the present proprietors had the spring retubed in 1868.
Prof. C. F. Chandler, the distinguished chemist, says, " This water is of excellent strength. It is specially notice- able that the ratio of magnesia to lime is universally large,
which is a decided advantage. The water is also remark- ably free from iron, a fact which is a great recommenda- tion." We append Dr. Chandler's analysis :
ANALYSIS OF THE UNION SPRING WATER, BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER.
LABORATORY OF THE SCHOOL OF MINES,
COLUMBIA COLLEGE, NEW YORK, March 26, 1863.
The sample of mineral water taken from the Union spring, Sara- toga, contains in one U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches :
Grains.
Chloride of sodium 158.299
Chloride of potassium ..
8.733
Bromide of sodinm. 1,307
Iodide of sodium
0.039
Fluoride of calcium
a trace.
Bicarbonate of lithia. 2.605
Bicarbonate of soda ...
17.010
Bicarbonate of magnesia
109.685
Bicarbonate of lime ..
96.703
Bicarbonate of strontia.
a trace.
Bicarbonate of baryta.
1.703
Bicarbonate of irou
1.818
Phosphate of soda.
0.020
Biborate of soda
a trace.
Alumina ..
0,324
Siliea.
2.653
Organic matter
a trace.
Total solid contents 701.174
Carbonic acid gas in one gallon. .384.969 cubic inches.
Temperature .. .48 deg. Fahr.
GEYSER OR "SPOUTING SPRING."
This spring is a most wonderful fountain of mineral water. It was discovered in 1870, and is situated about one mile and a quarter southwest of the village of Saratoga Springs, in the midst of the beautiful region now known as " Geyser Lake and Park." The spring-house is a build- ing which was formerly occupied for manufacturing pur- poses ; but has, since the spring was discovered, been fitted up for the reception of visitors. As you enter the building, directly in front is this marvelous spouting spring, sending forth a powerful stream of water to the very top of the room, which, in descending to its surrounding basin, sprays into a thousand crystal streams, forming a beautiful, ever- flowing fountain charming to behold.
In the centre of the room is the artistical basin into which the spray descends. It is about six feet square, and from the bottom rises an iron pipe. From this pipe leaps, in fantastie dance, the creamy water of the spring. To allow it full play there is au opening in the ceiling, and here it rises and falls, day and night, continually. A large busi- ness is here carried on in bottling this valuable water.
The spring rises from an orifice bored in the rock, five and a half inches in diameter, and one hundred and thirty-two feet deep. The rock formation consists of a strata of state eighty feet thick, beneath which lies the strata of bird's-eye limestone in which the mineral vein was struck. The ori- fice is tubed with a block-tin pipe, encased with iron, to the depth of eighty-five feet, the object being to bring the water through the soft slate formation, as the immense pressure and force of the gas would dissolve the slate, thereby caus- ing impurities in the water.
ANALYSIS OF ONE U. S. GALLON.
Grains.
Chloride of sodium.
562.080
Chloride of potassium 21.6344
21
0.269
Sulphate of potassa
162
HISTORY OF SARATOGA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Grains.
Bromide of sodium.
9.212
lodide of sodium ..
0.248
Fluoride of calcium
a trace.
Bicarbonate of lithia.
9.004
Bicarbonate of soda. 71.232
Bicarbonate of magnesia. 149.343
Bicarbonate of lime. 168,392
Bicarbonate of strontia 0.425
2.014
Bicarbonate of iron 0.979
Sulphate of potassa. 0.3IS
Phosphate of soda a trace.
Biborate of soda. trace.
Alumina
trace.
Silica.
0.665
Organic matter
a trace.
Total solid contents 991.546
Carhonic acid gas in one U. S. gallon ... 454,082 cubic inches. Density .. 1.011
Temperature ..
46 deg. Fahr.
CHAMPION SPOUTING SPRING.
This singular fountain is situated about one mile and a half south of the village of Saratoga Springs, near the carriage-road leading to Ballston Spa, and can be seen from all the passing railroad trains. It is one of the group of remarkable spouting springs which have recently been de- veloped by means of boring into the rocky foundation of the valley of the stream near by. It was discovered in 1871, after sinking a shaft to the then unusual depth of three hundred feet. From a deeply-concealed cavern in the Trenton limestone, the fountain burst forth to light, sending a column of water six and one-half inches in diam- eter twenty-five or thirty feet into the air, presenting to the astonished spectators a marvelous and beautiful spectacle. The gaseous force of the water has since been checked by a strong iron eap, fastened to the top of the tubing, allow- ing only a small jet of water to escape, except at five o'clock in the afternoon, when this eap is removed, and the water darts forth in large volume to a height of sixty to eighty fect, imitating the wonderful Yellowstone and Ice- land Geysers. During the coldest weather of winter the water freezes around the tube, and gradually forms a column of solid ice from thirty to forty feet high and several feet in diameter. This spring possesses the chem- ieal elements common to the Saratoga spring waters. We append an analysis by Professor C. F. Chandler, of Colum- bia College, N. Y. :
SOLID CONTENTS OF ONE U. S. GALLON, 231 CUBIC
INCHES.
Grains.
Chloride of sodium.
702.239
Chloride of potassium
40.446
Bromide of sodium ...
3.579
Iodide of sodium.
0.234
Fluoride of calcium
n trace.
Bicarbonate of lithia.
5.647
Bicarbonate of soda
17.624
Bicarbonate of magnesia.
193.912
Bicarbonate of lime
227.070
Bicarbonate of strontia
0.082
Bicarbonate of baryta.
2.083
Bicarbonate of iron
0.647
Sulphate of potassa
0,252
Phosphate of soda.
0.010
Biborate of soda
a trace.
Alumnina
0.458
Silica.
0.699
Organic matter
a trace.
Total grains. 1195.582
Carbonic acid gas .. 465.458 cubic inches.
Temperature ..
19 deg. Fahr.
THE HATIIORN SPRING.
This spring is on Spring street, directly opposite the north wing of Congress Hall. It was discovered in 1869 by some workmen employed in placing the foundation of the brick block which contains the ball-room of Congress Hall. It is named in honor of the Hon. Henry H. Ha- thorn, who first developed the spring and rebuilt the famous Congress Hall Hotel. The spring was very securely tubed in 1872, at the large expense of $15,000. The Hlathorn spring has since become one of the most valuable springs in Saratoga. Large quantities of water are bottled and sold in the leading towns and cities of the United States and Canada.
The water contains 888.403 grains of solid contents in a gallon, and combines chloride of sodium, the prevailing chemical element of all the Saratoga spring-waters, with bi- carbonate of lithia and other valuable properties.
ANALYSIS OF THE HATHORN SPRING WATER.
Gmaius.
Chloride of sodimm.
509.968
Chloride of potassium.
9.597
Bromide of sodium.
1.534
lodide of sodium.
.198
Fluoride of calcium.
a trace.
Bicarbonate of lithia
11.447
Bicarbonate of soda
-4.288
Bicarbonate of magnesia
176.463
Bicarbonate of lime ..
170.646
Bienrhounte of strontin ..
a trace.
Bicarbonate of baryta.
1.737
Bicarbonate of iron.
1.128
Sulphate of potassa
none.
Phosphate of soda .. ,006
Biborate of soda ..
a trnee.
Alumina
.131
Silica ...
1.260
Organic matter.
a trace.
Total solid contents
888.403
Carbonic acid gas in one gallon ...
375.741 in.
Density.
1.009
THE STAR SPRING.
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