History of Steuben county, New York, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Part 39

Author: Clayton, W. W. (W. Woodford)
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Philadelphia, Lewis, Peck & co.
Number of Pages: 826


USA > New York > Steuben County > History of Steuben county, New York, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 39


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George Crandall, private, 80th Iaf., Co. B.


George Davis, private, 86th Inf., Co. B.


Francis Davis, private, 86th Inf., Co. B.


Leonard Webster, private, 8Gth Inf., Co. B.


Marcus Williams, private, 86th Inf., Co. B; enl. Aug. 14, 1861, three years; in battle of second Bull Run ; disch. Dec. 30, 1862; re-cal, in 11th II. Art., June 6, 1863; in battles of Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Reams' Station, flatcher's Ran, Deep Bottom, and several others ; disch. by G. O., Oct. 6, 1865.


A. Charles Sturdevant, 8Gth Inf., Co. B.


Henry Pierce, private, 86th luf., Co. B; enl. Dec. 24, 1863, three years. Charles B. Davis, 86th Inf., Co. B.


Estus C. Maadeville, private, 86th Inf., Co. K ; enl. Aug. 20, 1861, three years; in battles of second Bull Run, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg; re-enl. March 4, 1864, at Brandy Station, for three years ; after re-enlistment was in battles of Spottsylvania C .- II., Cold Harbor, before Petersburg, and at Gen. Lee's surrender; disch. July 4, 1865.


Robert A. Fox, private, 86th Inf., Co. K ; en1. Aug. 17, 18G1, three years; disch. Jan. 1, 1864, and re-eol. in same regt., Jan. 1, 1864, in the fold; must, out July 4, 1865, with regt.


Wm. A. Belcher, private, 86tl: Inf., Co. K. Darius Sturdevant, drummer, 86th Inf., Co. K.


Foster P. Wood, private, 8Gth Inf., Co. 1 ; enl. Oct. 17, 1861, three years; pro. to 2dl lieut., Nov. 22, 18GI ; to Ist lient., July 1, 1863 ; to capt., Feb. 14, 1864 ; in battles of second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Beverly Ford, Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Kelly's Ford, Locust Grove, Mine Run, two days in the Wilderness, charge at Po River and at Spottsylvania C .- II , Anderson House, charge at North Anna River, Cold Harbor, and took part in all fighits and skirmishies before Petersburg from June IG to Nov. 17, 1864; disch. Nov. 17, 1864, by reason of exp. of terms of service.


Jacob lorning, private, 141st Regt., Co. G; en1. Aug. 21, 1862, three years; par- ticipated in battle of Nashville, Teon. ; wounded in right leg by a mus- ket-ball; disch. at No. 1 Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., April 19, 1865, by reason of G. O.


James Kent, substitute for Orrin Austin, of Campbell, Steuben Co., N. Y. Warren Luddington, substitute.


Samuel Lewis.


Albert F. Lyuch, sub., 107th Inf .; died in service.


James Jackson, private, 16th Ind. Bat .; enl. Aug. 27, 1864, one year; disch. July, 1865, by reason of G. 0.


l'eter Gray, private, 20 Vet. Cav .; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year; died at Mor- ganzia, La., Feb. 14, 1865, of fever and chronic diarrhun.


Parke B. Crandall, private, 2d Vet. Cav .; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, one year. Adam Johnson (col'd), private.


Abram Aumick, private, 86th Iaf .; enl. Nov. 30, 18G1.


Win. S. Crans, private, 10th N. Y. Cav .; enl. Nov. 21, 1863, three years; died July 24, 1865, in hospital at Alexandria, Va.


Valentine Parcells, private, 107th N. Y. Regt .; enl. Dec. 10, 1863, three years.


Edward Dickinson, private, 107th N. Y. Regt .; enl. Dec. 7, 1863, three years; lied in service.


Stephen W. Amies, private, 107th N. Y. Regt. ; enl. Dec. 10, 1863, three years. Robert Baxter, private, 2d Vet. Cav .; enl. Dec. 22, 1863, three years.


Edward F. Bates, med. cadet; pro. to asst. surg. and to surg .; appointed muem- ber U. S. Examining Board ; died at Washington, March 8, 186-1.


John L. Morse, 5th Cav .; enl. Aug. 1862; died at AmIersonville prison, Sept. 1864.


John R. Miller, Joba L. Morrison, Calvin Resur, Franklin B. Strait, Theodore G. Smith.


Edward Shaw, enl. 1864.


Hibbard Ilamilton, Joha Hamilton.


Abram Stolliker, 86th Inf .; re-eal. as veteran, Oct. 1863.


Win. Hamilton, Charles McCluster, Henry Myers, Charles Doland. Hamilton White, private, 11th II. Art.


John W. Legrange, private, 11th H. Art.


Chauncey A. Lynch, private, 11th II. Art. Levi Sturdevant, drummer, 86th Iaf.


Charles M. Frazier, private, 105th Pennsylvania Inf., Co. D; enl. Feb. 23, 1862, three years; in battles of Fair Oaks, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Charles City Cross-Roads, Seven Days before Richmond, second Bull Run, -at Gettysburg was wounded in left hand,-the Wilderness, and before l'etersburg; disch. March 18, 1865, at exp. of term of service.


John Meads, private, >6th Inf .; enl. Aug. 1861 ; in battles of second Bull Run, secondl Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Orange Grove, and Culpepper C .- HI. ; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863 ; en- gaged in battles of the Wilderness, l'etersburg, and at Lee's surrender ; wounded Oct. 20, 1864, in right arm by musket-shot, on skirmish line near Petersburg.


Henry Williams, 8Gth Inf. ; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 1863.


Sammel Dickinson, 86th Iuf .; re-enl, as veteran, Dec. 1863.


James Smith, X6th Inf .; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863.


Perry Washbarn, SGth Iuf .; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863. Gilbert Ackley, 86th Inf .; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863.


Charles A. Butler, 86th Inf. ; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863.


Egbert Bullock, 86th Inf. ; re-enl. as veteran, Dec. 20, 1863.


Horace E. Bullock, 86th Inf .; re-enl. Oct. 1863, at Brandy Station, Va.


George Bellinger, private, 8th HI. Art .; enl. Jan. 1, 1864, three years ; in battles of Spottsylvania C .- II. and the Wilderness; wounded at Cold Harbor in left foot by a Minie-ball ; disch. May 30, 1864, on account of disability. George Larowe (col'd), private, 31st U. S. Colored Troops, Co. E; enl. Dec. 7, 1863, three years; died from wound at Petersburg, Aug. 18, 1864.


John Carniger, died in hospital at Indianapolis, Ind.


Alonzo 1). Ilill, 97thi Inf .; drafted July 15, 1863, three years; ia battles of the Wilderness; wounded in the head at the battle of Spottsylvania C .- H., May 8, 1864 : died from effect of wound, May 18, 1864.


Charles Wight.


Humphrey Watkins (col'd), private.


Thomas Wells, private, 14th Iuf., three years; substitute for Albert G. Crane. Levi Van Lise, priv .; en1. Jan. 15, 1865, three years ; sub. for Andrew Barrow. Patrick Loyd, private; enl. Nov. 18, 1864 ; substitute for Rollin R. Smith.


Henry Burdick, priv .; enl. July 22, 1863, three years ; sub. for W. J. Van Orman. Joseph W. Bridgeford, private ; enl. Aug. 29, 1863, three years; substitute for Llewellyn Jennings.


Charles Esemvine, private ; enl. Aug. 24, 1863, three years; sub. for Jas. Caple. Willard D. Rouse, private ; enl. July 23, 1863, three years; sub. for J. C. Liken. Moses Shaw, private; en1. Aug. 24, 1863, three years ; sub, for Levi Merrill, John Brady, private; enl. Nov. 10, 1861; substitute for Isaac Raskam. Arthur McGoff, private; enl. Nov. 11, 1861; sub, for Albert A. McGaffey. Joseph Corbishly, private, 15th U. S. Inf .; enl. Drc. 1864; sub. for Orvill Odlell. Alonzo O. Campbell. private; enl. Feb. 23, 1865, three years; sub. for Hiram Eldridge.


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.


HION. JAMES H. MILES


was born in Bainbridge, Chenango Co., N. Y., July 3, 1807. ITis father, Isaac Miles, was a native of Connecticut, born July 11, 1763; married Martha Davis, also a native of that State, who lived to the advanced age of eighty years, and died in 1861.


Isaac Miles was a blacksmith by trade; first moved to Chenango County, where he lived many years, and in the year 1819 settled in Addison, Steuben Co., where he lived the remainder of his life, and died in the town of Rathbone, in 1855.


Their children were Mrs. Maj. L. A. Jones, Mrs. Rol-) land Saunders, Patty (died young), Mrs. - Nichols, Isaac, of Allegany County, James 11., Samuel, of Schuyler County, John, of Rathbone. The daughters are all dead.


The opportunities for education from books afforded these children were very limited; but in this, as in many other cases in the early settlement of the country, privation, necessary economy, and resolution laid the foundation for a practical business education that often financially outstrips the results of any book-knowledge.


Capt. Miles was only twelve years of age when the family came to Addison. At the age of twenty-two he


150


IIISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK.


married Evelina B. (born March 26, 1808), daughter of Samuel Baker, who was one of the pioneers of the town of Howard.


In early life he began lumbering, and then, without means, with three other young men, built a saw-mill in Rathbone (then Addison ). For some forty years he followed this business quite successfully, shipping his lumber by means of rafts down the Canisteo, Chemung, and Susque- hanna Rivers to Port Deposit and Havre de Grace. For a few years in the latter part of his life he has been con- nected with the tanning business.


With marked patriotism and loyalty, July, 1862, he raised a company, of which he was made captain, and


J. F. Miles


with the 107th New York Volunteers went to the front. After the battle of Antietam,-in which his company was engaged,-on account of failing health, he left the army at Hope's Landing, and came to Elmira, where he was made commissioner of the board of enrollment, which position he occupied for abont one year and a half, and resigned his place.


Capt. Miles was formerly a member of the Whig party, and has been active in the Republican ranks. For several terms he has been chosen supervisor of the towns of Cam- eron and Addison, as his residence has been in one of those towns, and in the year 1851 he represented Steuben County in the State Legislature, and served on the committee on Charitable and Religious Societies. He and his wife have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church since 1830, and he has assisted in the establishment and build- ing of nearly all the church edifices in and about Addison and Cameron. As a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church he has for many years officiated as steward


Capt. Miles remembers Addison when there were ouly


some four houses in the settlement, and is now able to look back and, as he sees its growth to a thriving village of some two thousand inhabitants, to say, " All of this I saw and part of this I was."


MAJOR RUFUS BALDWIN.


The family of Baldwin is descended from Benjamin Baldwin, who emigrated from Buckingham Co., England, in the year 1636, and settled in New London, Conn. His grandson, Isaac Baldwin, Sr., removed with his family from Norwich, Conn., to Wyoming Valley, Pa., where they re- mained but a few years in consequence of the Pennamite and Indian wars. They removed to the vicinity of Ulster, and subsequently, in the year 1787, farther np the Chemung River to what is now the town of Chemung, then a part of Tioga Co., N. Y. He was born in Norwich, Conn., June 12, 1730. Was married to Patience Rathbun, November, 1751. They had eleven children, of whom Rufus, the father of the subject of this narrative, was eldest, born March 8, 1753.


Of these children, Adah Baldwin, fifth child, born Oet. 31, 1762, was the last survivor of the Baldwin family that settled in Chemung in 1787. She was taken prisoner in the massacre of Wyoming, in 1778, at the age of sixteen; was painted, shaved, and sent barefoot over the mountains and through the swamps to the Delaware, at Easton. Rufus Bald- win, Jr., was born in Canterbury, New Loudon Co., Conn., 1795. His minority was spent at home. In 1812 he was connected with the Light Guards, and soon thereafter gained the rank of major. About the year 1821 he came to Tioga, Pa., where he remained one year, and went to the town of Lawrence, Tioga Co., Pa., and purchased some eleven hun- dred acres of timber land on the Cowanesque River, where he built a saw-mill, and began lumbering. He remained there about thirteen years, and during this time, in the year 1825, was married to Pamelia, danghter of William Wombough, who was a pioneer settler in the vicinity of Addison.


In the fall of 1834, having disposed of his property in Pennsylvania, he settled about one mile east of the village of Addison, where he purchased some six hnudred acres of farming and timber land of his father-in-law. Until 1851 he was engaged in improving his property, and in general agriculture, at which time he disposed of his farm, moved into the village of Addison, and retired from the more active duties of life.


He was one of the prime movers in the founding and erection of the Addison Academy, built in 1848. Through his efforts the first sash- and blind-factory was established at Addison. He was one of the projectors and stockholders of the plank-road from Addison to Elkland. Maj. Baldwin was a vigorous, active member of the Democratic party, and was chosen to several important places of trust by the citi- zeus of Addison. He was a plain, unassuming man, in- terested in every enterprise tending to improve and build up society ; a genial and sociable man, and possessed of strict integrity in all his business relations. IIe died in 1853. His wife died in 1867, at the age of sixty-five.


Their children are Mrs. Rufus N. Weatherby ; William


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TOWN OF ADDISON.


W. (died in 1852, at the age of twenty-five), a lawyer ; ยท Walter II. (died at the age of twenty-five, in the year 1854), lumberman ; Heury (admitted to the bar in 1853, supervisor of the town of Addison, 1859-61. Raised a company in 1861, and as captain joined the 34th N. Y. Vols. Was with his company and regiment through the first campaign of the Shenandoah Valley, at Yorktown, West Point, Fair


Oaks, and Seven Pines, the seven days' retreat of Mcclellan to the Potomac, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. In 1867 he was brevetted major, and in 1868, colonel. His business is farming and lumbering) ; James, a banker at Addison ; Rufus, Jr. (died young) ; Pamelia (deceased), wife of Hon. Byron G. Stout, of Pontiac, Mich. ; and R. Haskell Baldwin, died young.


IsGillet


JOEL D. GILLET


was born in Colchester, Conn., August 27, 1809. The Gillet family were among the early settlers of that place. His father, Solomon Gillet, was also a native of Colchester; was a farmer by occupation ; married Martha Doolittle, of Russell, Mass., sister of Mark Doolittle, member of Con- gress, and also sister of Judge Joel Doolittle, of Middle- bury, Vt.


Their children were Solomon L., of Elmira, N. Y .; Mrs. Martin G. Clapp (deceased), of Watertown, N. Y .; Joel D. Gillet, of Addison, N. Y .; Russell, who resides on the homestead, in Colchester, Conn. ; Mrs. John O. Loomis, of Coventry, Conn .; Aaron G., of Langdon, Minn .; Charles E., of Oakland, Cal.


The father died March, 1856, at the age of eighty-three; the mother died 1871, aged ninety-three.


Mr. Joel D. Gillet spent his minority on the farm and at school, except that he was engaged several terms as a teacher of common schools. Upou reaching his majority he took charge of his father's farm, which he carried on


until October, 1835, when he came to Addison, in the Canisteo Valley, to take charge, as a partner, of a general merchandise store established by his brother Solomon, of Elmira.


Previous to his removal, April, 1835, he was married to Lucy Jane (born 1818), youngest daughter of David Pat- ten, of Salem, Conn. Of this union were born three child- ren,-Mrs. David B. Winton, of Addison ; Emma M. (died at the age of twelve, in the year 1851) ; and Charles W., present postmaster of Addison.


For three years Mr. Gillet remained a partner with his brother after coming to Addison, and in the year 1838 purchased his brother's interest in the store, and carried it on alone for some twelve years, when, on account of failing health, he disposed of his mercantile interest.


In the year 1851 he began purchasing timber land in the State of Wisconsin. While as a merchant he was also engaged in the manufacture, purchase, and sale of lumber in Addison, and subsequently carried on the same business quite extensively across the line, in Pennsylvania.


152


HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK.


Mr. Gillet continued his purchases West until, at the present time, he is the possessor of several thousand acres of land. In the year 1869 he began cutting timber on his land there, and either marketing or manufacturing into lumber, at the city of Oshkosh or Warsaw. His business operations in lumber have so increased that for several years past they reach several millions of feet annually.


He was, in his early life, a Clay Whig, and upon the formation of the Republican party became a supporter of its principles. Never solicitous of any official publicity, and never seeking emolument of office, he has preferred the independence and quiet of a business life.


Mr. Gillet has been identified with the growth of the village of Addison since its population numbered about two hundred and fifty inhabitants, with a few scattering resi- denees. Sinee his residence here he has been connected with the schools of the town for several years as school commissioner.


The Presbyterian Church had been organized some three


years previous to his settling at Addison, then consisting of thirteen members. In the spring after coming here he - was elected an elder of the church, which office he has held now for some forty-two years, and still holds acceptably to the church. He was one of the prime movers in the con- struction of the Presbyterian Church edifice of Addison, and liberally contributed for the same, and is always inter- ested in the progress of church and kindred interests.


Mr. Gillet was one of the originators of the Addison Academy, and for several years president of the board of trustees and one of the principal managers of the school.


He was one of the original stockholders of the Addison and Elkland Plank-Road, built under charter dated 1850, and was connected with its management during its entire existence,-which closed September, 1878,-either as pres- ident or treasurer.


In the year 1845 his wife died, and in June, 1846, he married his present wife, Catherine S., youngest daughter of Rev. William B. Stowe, a Presbyterian clergyman.


3 11 LI


B. Bluksice


DR. BRADLEY BLAKSLEE


was born in Brattleboro', Windham Co., Vt., Oct. 16, 1794. His father, David Blakslee, was a native of New Haven, as was also his grandfather, James Blakslee. The latter was a captain in the Revolutionary war; was in the battle of Bennington; his occupation was farming; moved to Brattle- boro' during war time, where he died, being frozen to death while crossing the Green Mountains to get money to pay off his soldiers.


The former was married in Vermont, to Julia Redfield, and after living successively in Broome, Cayuga, and Ot-


sego Counties, settled at Addison, Steuben Co., in 1840, where he died, Dee. 6, 1851, aged eighty-six. His wife died in 1859, at the age of ninety. Of their seven children, Dr. Bradley Blakslee is the only surviving one ; was second son ; received his early education at Aurelius, Cayuga Co., N. Y. At the age of twenty-four he began the study of medieine with Dr. Root, of Otego, Otsego Co., where he remained two years, and until the death of Dr. Root. He then spent one year as a student of Dr. Whitmarsh, of Delhi, N. Y., and after an examination by the board of censors of that place, he was passed as an M.D., and opened


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153


TOWN OF ADDISON.


practice in Otego, N. Y., where he remained about twenty years, during which time he purchased a farm, which he carried on ; and also, during his residence in Otego, in the year 1823, he married Phebe Blakslee, his cousin, a native also of Brattleboro', born Dec. 5, 1794


In the year 1840 Dr. Blakslee came to Addison, en- gaged in the mercantile business, and also in lumbering. Ife built the first steam saw-mill erected in the Canisteo Valley, and during the following twenty-five years was en- gaged more or less in the manufacture of lumber, and raft- ing down the Canisteo, Chemung, and Susquehanna Rivers, to southern ports. Dr. Blakslee has given little attention to the practice of his profession, only as necessity required, during his residence in Addison. A Democrat from his


youth, he has been honored by the citizens of Addison in official capacity for two terms as justice of the peace, and some thirty-one years as assessor. He is one of the old landmarks, and can look back to the pioneer his- tory of this part of New York, and see the now thriving villages and cities in place of a few houses or perhaps a wilderness tract, and reflect with interest upon the progress of schools, churches, and kindred interests as they have kept pace with advancing civilization and the growth of the country.


Dr. Blakslee is, in all probability, the oldest member of the Masonic fraternity in the county, and possibly in the State, having been a Master Mason since he was twenty- one, and a Royal Arch Mason for sixty-three years.


h.P. Brown


DR. REUBEN P. BROWN


was born in Bradford Co , Pa., April 1, 1818. llis father, Adin Brown, was a native of Colerain, Mass. ; was married o Lydia Parmenter, a lady of Scotch descent. He was a armer by occupatiou, and iu early life removed to Spring- ield, Bradford Co., Pa., then an almost unbroken wilder- ess, penetrating the forest from Tioga Point, being guided only by marked trees. He was killed accidentally by being hrown from his carriage down an embankment, as he was returning from church, in the year 1862. His age was seventy-eight. His wife died suddenly of heart-disease, iged sixty-nine. Their children, as follows, all reached maturity before there was a death in the family : Mrs. Eben 20


F. Parkhurst, Pennsylvania ; Darius (deceased) ; David, of Cayuga Bridge; Mrs. I. W. Fassett (deceased), of Wells- ville, N. Y .; Dr. R. P. Brown, of Addison, N. Y .; Mrs. Orr Wilson (deceased), Pennsylvania; Mrs. Marion Wil- cox (deceased), Pennsylvania ; Dr. Elihu Brown, of Min- nesota ; Frank, of Wells, Pa .; Rev. Henry C. Brown (deceased), Pennsylvania. At the age of fourteen Dr. Brown began the study of medicine with Dr. Theodore Wilder, of Pennsylvania, with whom he remained two years, followed with one year's study with Dr. Dexter Parkhurst. After a practice of one year in Austinville, Pa., he attended one course of lectures at Geneva Medical College, and re- turned to Austinville and resumed practice, which he con-


154


HISTORY OF STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK.


tinued for eight years, and attended another course of lec- tures at Geneva, where he was graduated M. D. in the year 1848. The same year he settled in Addison, where he at once met the strong competition of older and more experi- enced medical men.


His perseverance, resolution, and skill in his professional duties soon won for him a place in the front rank, where he has continued to stand until the present time. Hlis skill as a surgeon has given him an enviable reputation, not only in his own village but in the surrounding towns, his practice extending through the southern tier of towns of the county, as well as to Chemung County, and across the line into the State of Pennsylvania.


Dr. Brown is a member of the Steuben County Medical Society, of the Hornellsville Academy of Medicine, and of the New York Medico-Legal Society.


It may be stated as a historical fact that Dr. Brown was the first surgeon who amputated a limb at Addison.


Ile has given little attention to politics, but has ever been interested in the great questions of the day, and unswerv- ingly identified with the Democratic party.


In the year 1842 he married Sarah Maria, daughter of William Evans, of Bradford Co., Pa. - Their children living are Mrs. Arthur Erwin and Dr. Rush P. Brown, of Addi- son. The latter received his preliminary education at Dans- ville, Livingston Co., Alfred University, Allegany County, and Falley Seminary, Fulton, N. Y. At the age of twenty he began the study of medicine with his father, and alter attending lectures at Bellevue Medical College and New York University, was graduated M.D. from the latter in- stitution at the age of twenty-four, in the year 1873. He enjoys, an extensive practice both in medicine and surgery.


AVOCA.


GENERAL DESCRIPTION.


AVOCA was erected from the towns of Bath, Cohocton, Iloward, and Wheeler, April 12, 1843. It is an interior town, lying in the rich valley of the Conhocton River and upon the adjoining uplands, the valley being about a mile and a quarter in width, and of a rich alluvial deposit, The Conhocton flows through the town from northwest to south- east, Ten- and Twelve-Mile Creeks entering as tributaries from the north, and Neil's Creek from the west. The hills rise in some places abruptly, but generally by a gradual as- cent to a height of four hundred feet above the river. The soil upon the hills is chiefly gravel and clay, with a mixture of loam, and is good, productive farming land, largely cleared and in a good state of cultivation. For its size it is one of the most productive and flourishing towns in the county.


EARLY SETTLEMENT.


In an early day the territory embraced in the town of Avoca was a favorite hunting-ground of the numerous and warlike Seneca Indians. It was an unbroken wilderness, the home of the red man, the deer, the panther, the bear, and other wild animals. Civilization had not put its trans- forming hand upon it, and it was in its primeval condition, wild and romantic. The sound of the axeman or the hum of industry had not aroused the denizens of the forest from their wonted security, and the Indian only had roamed over its wooded hills and beautiful valley in excursions of pleasure or in the pursuit of game.




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