History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. II, Part 7

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898,
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co.
Number of Pages: 1286

USA > New York > Westchester County > History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. II > Part 7

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We are now within the period during which began the really vigorous life of Yonkers. The estate of Mr. Wells was now at length divided. Released from the hand that had so long kept it out of the market, and, eatehing the spirit of enterprise, the land so long unused, or, where used, devoted to farm purposes only, was quickly laid out in streets and lots, became the seene of busy activity and was soon dotted with beau- tiful residences. The Hudson River Railroad, begin- ning its operations in 1849, brought the newly-offered property into the liveliest demaud, and population grew apace. The churches of Yonkers before 1855 had come to be eight instead of four, as they had been in 1842, the following having been added, viz .: the Reformed, St. Mary's Roman Catholic, the Baptist and the First Presbyterian. The population of the whole town at that time, still including Kingsbridge, had grown between 1842 and 1855 from not more than three thousand to seven thousand five hundred and fifty-four. The coming of the railroad gave great in- pulse to the place. Between 1842 and 1855 much of the slope upward from the Hudson along the whole length of the town had been redeemed from its wild condition and transformed into terraees and lawus of fascinating beauty. The industries of the place dur- ing these thirteen years began to loom up and to give lively promise of that strength and prominence to which in later days they have attained. There was great activity in all departments of enterprise and work, in mills and factories, in stores and shops, in real estate, in surveying, in outlaying, in grading, in building, in boating and trueking. The place that had been so long retired and' dormaut came into notiec and was wide awake. It is not surprising that by 1855 the people found it necessary to organize for

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strong government and to secure some form of incor- poration. This they did in that year, and to an ac- count of the course they took and its results our next section will be devoted.

SECTION VIII. The Village of Yonkers. (1855-1872.)

THE village of Yonkers was incorporated under an act of the State Legislature, passed April 12, 1855. It included all that part of the town " beginning at thic Hudson River, at low water-mark, at the southwesterly corner of the farm of Edward F. Shonnard, and running thence along the southerly line of said Shonnard's land south sixty-three degrees east five thousand one hun- dred feet to the easterly margin of the Nepperhan River; thence southerly along the easterly margin of the said Nepperhan River five thousand three hundred feet to the line between lands of Rev. R. Hubbard and lands of Lemuel W. Wells, Ethan Flagg and W. W. Scrugham; thence along said line between lands of said Wells, Flagg and Scrugham south fifty- three degrees and thirty minutes east three hundred feet to the easterly side of Walnut Street and a con- tinuation thereof in the same direction south thirty- two degrees west five thousand two hundred feet to the line between lands of Robert P. Getty and lands of Thomas W. Ludlow; thence following said liue between said Getty's and Ludlow's lands, through lands now or late of S. T. Williams, north seventy-six degrees and fifteen minutes west to the westerly line of the old Albany Post road (now called Broadway); thence through lands of Thomas W. Ludlow north seventy- six degrees and fifteen minutes west three thousand four hundred and fifty feet to the Hudson River, at low water-mark; thence northerly along the Hudson River, at low water-mark, to the place of beginning."

The charter was amended and the powers of the corporation enlarged in 1857, 1860, 1865, 1866, 1868 and 1871. The officers for which it provided were a president, six trustees, a clerk, a treasurer and a police justice. The territory of the village was divided into three wards, from each of which two trustees were to be elected by the people. The village incorporation continued till it gave way to the city incorporation in 1872.

The following were the officers of the village during its seventeen years of existence, with the years in which they were successively, and some of them again and again, elected. The annual day of election was the first Tuesday in March :

Trustees : Lemuel W. Wells, 1855-56 ; Reuben W. Van Pelt, 1855-57; William C. Waring, 1855; Field- ing S. Gant, 1855; Thomas O. Farrington, 1855-56, 1863-64; Jacob Read, 1855 ; Bailey Hobbs, 1856-59; Peter F. Peek, 1856; Charles C. Merchant, 1856-57; Henry F. De Voe, 1857; Robert P. Getty, 1857-58, 1867-68; Ethan Flagg, 1857-60, 1867-68; Edward

Underhill, Sr., 1858, 1861-62; Leonard M. Clark, 1858-61; Jolin Copcutt, 1858-61; Amos W. Gates, 1859-60; Jamcs C. Bell, 1860-61; John Wheeler, 1860-61, 1872; Joseph P. Disbrow, 1861-62; Justus Lawrence; 1861-62; William Radford, 1862-63; James W. Mitchell, 1862-66; James Stewart, 1862-63 ; Hall F. Baldwin, 1863-64; G. Hilton Scribner, 1863-64 : Levi P'. Rosc, 1864-65; Robert J. Douglass, 1864-65 ; Patrick White, 1865-66; Thomas Smith, 1865-66, 1869 ; Heman C. White, 1865-66; Charles Byrnes, 1866-67 ; Stephen H. Thayer, Sr., 1866-69; George B. Skinner, 1867-68; C. W. Malliband, 1867 ; Hugh McElroen, 1868-71; Frederick A. Back, 1868-69; Ralph E. Prime, 1869-70; John W. Oliver, 1869-70; Albert Keeler, 1870-72 ; Ebenezer Baldwin, 1870-71; William Augustus Gibson, 1870-71 ; Anthony Imhoff, 1871-72; Joseph Peene, 1871-72; Hyatt L. Garrison, 1872; William Macfarlane, 1872.

Presidents : William Radford, 1855-56 ; William W. Woodworth, 1857-58 ; Robert P. Getty, 1859 ; Thomas F. Morris, 1860; Johu T. Waring, 1861-62; Everctt Clapp, 1863-64 ; James C. Bell, 1865-66 ; Justus Law- rence, 1867-68 ; Isaac H. Knox, 1869-70; Robert P. Getty, 1871-72.

Clerks : William H. Post, from 1855 to 1859; Ly- man Cobb, Jr., from 1860 to 1867; William H. Post, 1868; John G. P. Holden, 1869; William H. Doty, from 1870 to 1872.

Treasurers : John Stilwell, Egbert Howland, Evert K. Baldwin, Samuel D. Rockwell, Bailey Hobbs and George W. Cobb.

Police Justices : First, T. Astley Atkins, and Second, Edward P. Baird.

The various duties of providing for the safety and public wants of the village were, of course, the charge of the new corporation. An engine company, which had been organized and equipped in 1852, was taken under its care, additional means for extinguishing fires were provided, and public improvements were inaugurated and carried forward to keep pace with the advance of private enterprise. The police at first was very ineffective, but in 1866 a sufficient force was organized, and this force drew upon itself much com- mendation for its vigilance and efficiency. Lanıp dis- tricts were laid out, and, in the seventeen years of the village life, good progress was made towards an ef- fective lighting of the streets. A vast amount of labor was put upon the latter, in grading and graveling the roadways and flagging the sidewalks. The village came to be one of the best governed, best graded, best lighted villages in the country. Strects were opened or extended as the times demanded, and old roads were more clearly defined. We are able to present a fourth inap, executed in 1868, within four years of the close of the village period. It shows the boundaries of the village, and within them the original three hundred and twenty acres of Mr. Wells, and, compared with the map of 1843, indicates the progress made by the locality between the death of Mr. Wells and the date

HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

at which the people were upon the eve of apply- ing for the incorporation of Yonkers as a city. As matter of interest, we give the dates of opening or con- firmnation of the principal streets and avenues upon the map of the village of Yonkers for 1872, the year which ended its existence. At the time of Mr. Wells' death, as our map of 1843 shows, there were but six roads traversing his three hundred and twenty acres, that now called Broadway and substantially parts of those now ealled Ashburton Avenue, Nepperhan Avenue, Gnion Street, Nepperhan Street and New Main Street. All of these, exeept the first, are now more or less changed as to names and extent. We first speak at length of the history of these six roads and then add the descriptions and dates of opening or confirmation of the other prominent streets down to 1872.

date of the village organization of 1855. They were etl'ected in part by the village and in part by special legislation.

2. The present Ashburton Avenue, only from North Broadway eastward .- This, on the map of 1843, was nothing but a country road "to Mile Square." .It its Broadway end it came out on the south side of the Methodist Church, instead of the north, as Ashburton Avenue does now.

3. The present Nepperhan Avenue, extending from South Broadway, nearly opposite Washington Street, to Robert _Avenue .- That part of this avenue which lies between South Broadway and New Main Street is a new opening made within the city period. That part of it which lies between New Main Street and Ashburton Avenue was formerly very crooked. It is

VILLAGEOF YONKERS

1868 - 1872

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1. The present Broadway .- This was the old Post road from the south end of Manhattan Island (" the Battery ") to Albany. We have no date for its be- ginning, but it is undoubtedly as old as the days of Forts Amsterdam and Orange. In the infancy of the province it had been formed with the least possible labor, following the driest ground, over or on the edges of the hills. But early in this eentury, abont 1806, the "Highland Turnpike Company" was chartered for the purpose of improving this road. This company straightened it in many places, improved it generally and collected toll upon it for many years. These circumstances gave to the road, in addition to the old, familiar and still-preserved name of "The Post road," the name of "The Highland Turnpike," by which it is designated in mumy documents. Of ! course, the present width and beauty of this most prominent avenne of Yonkers, and the excellent quality of its roadway and sidewalks, are improve- ments, most of which have come upon it since the

especially interesting to know that it ran round by the edge of "The Glen," below the dam and west of Mr. Copcutt's silk-factory. In later days, however, it has been mueh straightened all the way from New Main Street to the Aqueduct Arch. The " Lane lead- ing to Guion's Mills " on the map of 1813 was, as far out as these mills, nearly coineident with Nepper- han Avenue. But it is further important to know that the whole of the old Gnion's Lane was once known as part of the "Saw-Mill River Road." The openings or confirmations of the new parts of the present Nepperhan Avenne were as follows: From Chestnut Street to Ashburton Avenue, September 21, 1868, and from Ashburton Avenue to Robert Aveme. December 6, 1869. The history of Nepperhan Avenue is very interesting as n study, and must be understood for the satisfaction of any one who under- takes to read the annals of Yonkers since the pur- chase of Mr. Wells.

4. The present Guion Street, extending only from the

RESIDENCE OF F. T. HOLDER, YONKERS, N. Y.

YONKERS.

Mansion House on South Broadway to New Main Street. -This is part of the original " Lane leading to Guion's Mills." The name Guion Street had been attached to the whole of that lane for some years before 1868 and 1869, but we have just shown that in these two years " Nepperhan Avenue " was substituted as a designa- tion for most of it. See No. 3.

5. The present Nepperhan Street (wholly different from Nepperhan Avenue), extending from Buena Vista Avenue, opposite the Hudson River Railroad Station, to the junction of Dock Street and Warburton Avenue .- This is part of what the map of 1813 represented as a road leaving the Post road, and running round the edge of the Saw-Mill River to the sloop wharf, just below the old grist-mill. On the map of 1843 it still appears without ehange. But it has sinee been ex- tended westward to Buena Vista Avenue. To make elear this street and some others near at hand, but subsequently opened, we have already given an en- larged map of the spot and its vieinity as seen in 1847, just before the opening of the Hudson River Railroad. This map has before been of use to us in illustrating many matters referred to in the early part of our work.

6. The present New Main Street, extending from Getty Square southward to a junction with South Broad- way .- This street, from Getty Square to Nepperhan Avenue, was from its opening long known as Me- ehanic Street. From Nepperhan Avenue to South Broadway it was laid out under the village eharter, and was known as Spring Street. The part onee ealled Mechanie Street dates as a country road front August 25, 1836, but it was widened and graded by the village, and confirmed as a village street Septem- ber 5, 1870. As illustrating some designations already given of the present Broadway and the present Nep- perhan Avenue, it may be added that when this road was opened, in 1836, it was described as extending from the "Old Highland Turnpike" to the "Saw- Mill River Road."

Sueh were the only publie roads traversing the three hundred and twenty acres of Mr. Wells down to 1843. From 1843 to 1872, however, and especially during the village period-seventeen years in length-many streets were first laid out by private enterprise, and the following important ones were, at the dates wc give with them, officially opened or confirmed. Com- pare them with our map of 1847, as far as they are indicated on that map:

Atherton Street, from Wells Avenue to Locust Street, June 5, 1865.

Ashburton Avenue, from Broadway west to the river, Mareh 23, 1858, and from Broadway east to the village line, November 26, 1866. This is the old road to Mile Square, and had been known as Ashburton Avenue before the incorporation of the village, in 1855.

Bashford Street, from Doek Street to Wells Ave- nuc, July 6, 1868.

Buena Vista Avenue, from Hudson Street to St. Mary Street, June 13, 1859.

Clinton Street, from Hudson Street to St. Mary Street, November, 5, 1866.

Cottage Place, from 29 Irving Place to end of Wil- low Place, October 3, 1859.

Dock Street, from North Broadway to the Hudson River, laid out by Judge Woodworth in 1850, but subsequently adopted by the village.

Elm Street, from Palisade Avenue (once at this point ealled Factory Street) to the summit of Nodine Hill, March 12, 1860. This was a road, and known as Elm Street before the incorporation of the village in 1855.

Glenwood Avenue, from Ravine Avenue to War- burton Avenue, July 2, 1860, and from Warbur- ton Avenue to Park Avenue November 8, 1860.

Gold Street from Warburton Avenue to the Hudson River, July 1, 1867.

Hawthorne Avenue (first ealled Grinnell Street), from Main Strect to Ludlow Street, confirmed from Main Street to St. Mary Strect September 3, 1860, and from St. Mary Street to Ludlow Street October 24, 1870.

High Street, from Broadway to Oak Hill Avenue, September 3, 1860.

Hudson Street, from Broadway to Buena Vista Avenue, June 13, 1859.

Irving Place, from Warburton Avenue to North Broadway, June 6, 1859.

Jefferson Strect, from Prospeet Street to Vark Street, March 23, 1868.

Kellinger Street, from the Mansion House to Park Hill Avenue, October 24, 1859.

Lamartine Avenue, from North Broadway to the Hudson River Railroad, August 3, 1868.

Locust Street, from 103 Warburton Avenue to the Hudson River, November 3, 1862.

Loeust Hill Avenue, from 13 Palisade Avenue to Ashburton Avenue.

Main Street, from Getty Square west to the Hudson River, July 7, 1856. The route of this street has now been much changed by straightening and widening.

Morgan Street, from 120 Nepperhan Avenue to Brook Street, June 1, 1868.

Mulford Street, from 42 Oak Hill Avenue to Vine- yard Avenue, September 5, 1870.

Oak Hill Avenue, from 139 Ashburton Avenue to High Street, September 3, 1860.

Orchard Street, from 211 Ashburton Avenue north to village line, April 11, 1870.

Palisade Avenue, from Getty Square to Lake Ave- nue south of Ashburton Avenue (the lower part for- merly known as Factory Street), July 30, 1855; north of Ashburton Avenue, August 17, 1857.

Point Street, from 321 Warburton Avenue to Glen- wood Station, October 5, 1868.

Prospeet Street, from 57 South Broadway to Buena Vista Avenue, July 6, 1868. This had been a street

HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

and known by this name even before the incorpora- tion of the village in 1855.

Ravine Avenuc, from Lamartine Avenne north nearly to village line, October 24, 1870.

Riverdale Avenue, from 30 Main Street to Kiugs- bridge, made up at different dates, and finally opened as one street Confirmed from St. Mary Street to Riverdale, September 26, 1853, by the town authori- ties, and from St. Mary Street to Main Street by the village, August 1, 1859.

Sehool Street, from 140 Nepperhan Avenue to Kel- linger Street, October 24, 1859.

St. Mary Street, fromn 105 South Broadway to 146 Buena Vista Avenue, July 2, 1860.

Union Place, from 255 Warburton Avenue to Hnd- son River Railroad, November 7, 1864.

Vineyard Avenue, from 191 Ashburton Avenue to Lake Avenue, January 16, 1865.

Washington Street, fromn 81 South Broadway to 44 Clinton Street, March 23, 1858.

Warburton Avenue, from 29 Main Street north to village line, July 27, 1854 (sinee extended to eity line).

Wells Avenue, from 65 North Broadway to the Hud- son River Railroad, August 16, 1855. This had been a road known as Wells Aveme before the incorpora- tion of the village.

Willow Place (first ealled Smith Street), from 118 Warburton Aveune to Cottage Plaee, October 3, 1859.

Wood Place, from 180 Warburton Avenue to Cot- tage Place, October 3, 1859.

Woodworth Avenue, from 27 Wells Avenue to Glen- wood Avenue, March 12, 1860.

These were the best-known streets in 1872, and the dates of opening or confirmation are the prominent dates. Into partieulars we have not entered. Other improvements were also introduced, to which refer- ence will be made, or which will be deseribed under various headings yet to follow, viz., those of poliee, gas, horse railroad, etc. In 1870 the. population of the whole town had growu to be cighteen thousand three hnudred and fifty-seven. This, of course, as yet included Kingsbridge. Many matters had been under ‹discussion, looking to further improvements. Some of these had been carried out, others were still in abeyance. All the principal streets had been widened and graded. The excellenee of its order and the en- terprise of its citizens, and the growing beauty and attractions of the place were noticed by every one. And now the time had come when a further step was to be taken. We are next to look at Yonkers as a city.

SECTION IX.

The City of Yonkers from 1872 to the Present Time.

The City of Yonkers was incorporated under an act of the State Legislature passed June 1, 1872. By the charter it was divided into four wards. The following

is the deseription of the city boundaries given in the original eharter. In subsequent revisions the language of description has been simplified, but the lincs re- main the same :

" Bounded Westerly by the westerly line of the eounty of Westchester, northerly by the town of Greenburgh, easterly by the easterly line of the town of Yonkers, and southerly by a line drawn from the westerly line of the said county to the easterly linc of the town of Yonkers, in manner following, to wit : Commencing at a point formed by the intersection of the westerly line of the said county with a line of extension westerly of the northerly line of the land belonging to the Sisters of Charity, known as Mt. St. Vinecnt de Panl ; thence easterly along said northerly linc of the land of said Sisters of Charity to River- dale Avenue ; thenee still easterly and in a straight line erossing said Riverdale Avenue and South Broad- way to the northwest corner of land of G. F. Cod- dington ; thenee still easterly in a straight line to the northwest corner of land known as the Vau Cortlandt Estate, near Highlaud Avenue; thenee easterly along the northerly boundary line of land known as the Van Cortlandt Estate to the northeasterly eorner thereof ; thenee running easterly in a straight line to the Bronx River to a point in the easterly line of the town of Yonkers, distant uortherly twenty-one hun- dred feet from the northerly boundary line of Wood- lawn cemetery, measured in a course bearing north twenty degrees east (present magnetie bearing) there- from."

Such was the statement of the eity boundaries in the original charter of 1872. The eharter was amended again and again, February 28, 1873, June 10, 1875, April 26, 1876, April 8, 1878, and finally revised May 2, 1881. The following is the far simpler deseription of the boundaries as now given :

"The city shall be bounded westerly by the westerly line of the county of Westehester; northerly by the town of Greenburgh; easterly by the middle line of the Bronx River ; and southerly by a line commencing at a point in the middle of the Bronx River, which bears north thirty-three degrees and thirty minutes east twenty-one hundred feet from thic point of inter- section of the middle line of the Harlem Railroad with the southerly line of the public highway leading from the Mile Square Road easterly to and past the Woodlawn Station on the Harlem Railroad ; thence running from said point in the Bronx River on a straight line westerly, and passing through the point ofintersection of the original high water mark of the easterly shore of the Hudson River with the northerly boundary line of lands of the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul to the west bounds of the County of Westchester."

Under the eharter of June 1, 1872, the passage was quickly made by the necessary process from the vil- lage to the city organization. The obligations of the village, as well as its rights and privileges, were

YONKERS.

assumed by the city. The village officers were ein- powered to act as city officers in their respective places till the election and qualification of the new officers required by the charter could be brought about. The manor-house and grounds (which had been purchased by the village for its headquarters in May, 1868) now became the city hall and grounds, and were so fitted up as to adapt them to the various necds of the city government. The Common Council chamber, the City Court-room and the offices of the city judge, the city clerk, the treasurer, the receiver of taxcs, the Water Board, and the city surveyor and engineers remain in the building still, and an outside building has been erected for the use of the Police Department, though it becomes daily more and more evident that the needs of the city will require en- larged accommodations in a very short time.

After the organization of the city (June, 1872) the southern part of the town of Yonkers, which reference to the eity boundaries as given above will show had not been taken into the new city, was set off by act of the county supervi- sors, December 16, 1872, as a new town, un- der the name of Kingsbridge. This action of the supervisors was confirmed by the Legisla- ture February 28, 1873. And, furthermore, the new town of Kingsbridge, on the 1st of January, 1874, was annexed to New York City. The result of the latter act to the city of Yonkers was that it made its southern boundary coincident with the northern boundary of the City of New York.

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History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. II, Part 7

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898, Publication date: 1886 Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co. Number of Pages: 1286

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898,
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co.
Number of Pages: 1286