History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. II, Part 72

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898,
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co.
Number of Pages: 1286

USA > New York > Westchester County > History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. II > Part 72

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

Thus equipped, the organization began its work. The corporate name was originally "The Tarrytown Cemetery," but at the annual meeting, on February 9, 1865, steps were taken to change it to "Sleepy Hollow Cemetery," the name which Mr. Irving had always desired.1

The want of a gate-house or a lodge, at the entrance near the bell tower on Broadway, was not supplied until February 11, 1858, when the present building was reported as having been completed at a cost of $1,928.94.

Only a step or two cast of the entrance and the gate-house, in full view, is the large plot donated in

1 In explanation of the change of name from the " Tarrytown Cemetery" to the " Sleepy Hollow Cemetery," the following statements from the pre- face to the pamphlet history and regulations of the cemetery, published in 1866, including a letter on the subject from Mr. Irving himself, will be read with peculiar interest :

" This cemetery was Incorporated as the 'Tarrytown Cemetery,' but the republication of the following letter, in 1864, suggested to the true tees that it would be a most titting memorial of the distinguished author of it to conform to his wishes, even at that late day. They accordingly applied to the Legislature of the State for authority to change the title, which was most readily and unanimously granted, and thenceforth it became the ' Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.'

" The letter was addressed to Lewis Gaylord Clark, then editor of the Knickerbocker Magazine,-

" My Dear Clark :

"I send you herewith a plan of a rural cemetery projected by some of tho worthies of Tarrytown, on the woody hills adjacent to the Sleepy lol. low Church. I have no pecuniary interest in It, yet I hope it may snc. ceed, as it will keep that beautiful and nmibrageons neighborhood sacred from the anti-poetical and all-leveling axe. Besides, 1 trust that I shall one day lay my bones thero. The projectors are plain, matter-of- fact men, but are already, I believe, aware of the blunder which they have committed in naming it the 'Tarrytown,' instead of the 'Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.'

" The latter name would have been enough of itself to secure the pat- ronage of ull desirous of sleeping quietly in their graves.

"I beg you to correct this oversight, should you, as I trust you will. notice this sepulchral enterprise.

" I hope as the spring opens you will accompany me in one of my bref visits to Sunnyside, when we will make another trip tu Sleepy Hollow, and (thunder and lightning permitting) have a colloqny among the tombs.

" Yours, very truly,

" WASHINGTON FaVING." " New York, April 27, 1:49."

297

MOUNT PLEASANT.

1863 to the honorably discharged sokliers of Tarry- town and its vieinity, as a burial-place for those of their comrades who were killed in battle, or died in their country's service during the War of the Rebel- lion. On February 6, 1886, the transfer was formally completed, and the plot delivered to trustees appoint- ed by the soldiers to receive and hold it in their name. The mortal remains of nineteen who fought for Union and liberty in the great struggle now rest beneath the shadow of the unfinished monument that marks the spot. When completed, as it ought to be withont delay, it will be a tasteful and imposing memorial of the patriotism and valor of those who loved their country more than their lives. Its base, o' native granite, is five and one-half feet square, and the shaft, of polished Connectient granite, so far as completed, is five and one-half feet high from the base on which it rests, or twelve feet from the ground and three feet two inches in breadth cach way at the bottom. It bears this inscription :

(On the West, fronting the entrance.)

PATRIA CARIOR QUAM VITA OUR

UNION SOLDIERS.

While Freedom's name is understood, They shall delight the wise and good; They dared to set their country free, And gavo her laws equality.

(On tho Sonth.) JAS. COUTANT, Sergt. Co. D, 25th Regt., N. Y. S. V. Cav.

(On the East.)

CHAS. II. BARKER, 2d Lient. Co. B, 83d Regt., N. Y. S. V.

(On tho North.) GEO. ACKER, Musician Co. II., 32d Regt., N. Y. S. V.

The design probably is that the names of all the dead soldiers found here, or in this vicinity, shall be cut in the same manner into the polished granite; apparently the space is left for that purpose.

The cemetery had from the first, under the influ- ence of Captain Storm, its chief founder, prompted by his strong religious feeling, been extremely liberal to the clergy. He carried out this generous disposition with great munifieenee from his own private interest in the lands he had aequired.

Having applied to Mr. Cornell, the superintendent, for a selection from the list of those interred in the cemetery, the writer has received the following ac- count, in which are many well known names, and some of them of world-wide fame.

ROLL OF NOTABLE PERSONS INTERRED IN THE OLD DUTCH CHURCH-YARD, AND IN SLEEPY HOLLOW CEMETERY.

An attempt to comply with your request for a roll of notables, I find to be no easy task. No two persons form the same judgmont of any one of their fellow-men who may be equally known to them, if indeed that could be possible, because of the nnequal cast of their own natures, which constitutes their respectivo personalities, and of the impossibility of ob-

i1 .- 28

taining the same point of view,-tho common difficulty in the way of all biographors who would bo just.

Besides, a biographical writing that may be published presupposes readers moro or less opinionated, a knowledge of which fact of necessity influences tho writer to compromise his judgment somewhat. The pres. ent condition of society, with its existing environments, makes it ex- tremely hard to designato persons by any intelligible classification since tho saying of our fathers,-" let tho cobbler stick to his last !" has como to embody the expression of an obsolete idca.

But I will try and do tho best I can, and with theso preliminary obser- vations introduco the following names as not wholly unworthy of men- tion.

Literature, Vine Arts and Painting.

Washington Irving, romance and history ; Robert Ilavell, ornithol- ogy, painting and engraving; Evert A. Duyckinck, literature and his- tory.

Mechanics, and in Mechanical Lines of Business, etc.

John B. Copentt, veneers, etc. ; Charles Lester, carriage-axles; Wil- liam MeBeth, stono-mason ; Odell Lawrence, forger of iron; James Mc- Bean, steam engineer; James Wood, coal dust in brick; Colmubus Ryan, contractor ; William Landrine, millwright ..

Mariners, Bout und Helmsmen.

Nathan Cobb, scal fishery ; Andrew F. Fletcher, Liverpool packets ; Luther Bassett, yachtsman; Henry Hohlen, Liverpool packets.

Clergymen and Religious Teachers.

George DuBois, Old Dutch Church ; Thomas G. Smith, Old Dutch Church ; Stephen Martindale, Methodist Episcopal Church ; Jacob Mott, Friends' Meeting ; Charles Bord, Independent ; Frederick J. Jackson, Reformed Church.

Philanthropists. Abin. Onderdonk, charity ; Arnold Inman, works of charity.

Physicians, Scientists, etc.

James W. Scribner, surgeon ; James Law, practice of medicine ; Wil- liam HI. Mapes, chemistry ; Ann Lohman, obstetrics.

Soldiers, Military Chiefs.

Daniel Delavan, general ; James Benedict, general ; Henry Storms, general; Jolin S. Gilbert, general, removed to Glens Falls, N. Y. ; James A. Hamilton, colonel.

Merchants and Shop- Keepers, etc.

Philip J. Bonesteel, grocor ; Stephen D. Gardner, lumber ; Moses H. Grinnell, shipping ; Oliver B. Hinman, furnishing, etc. ; Moses A. Hoppock, personality ; William A. Ilall, shoes, etc. Owen Jones, fancy dry-goods; Theodore Martine, grocer ; Frances Nicholson, person- ality ; Anson G. Phelps, Jr., metals ; Henry Sheldon, silks, etc. ; Thomas Small, leather ; Stlas Olmsted, grocer ; Russel W. Robinson, drugs ; John F. Marshall, personality.

Financiers, Bankers, Brokers and Operators of General Business.

Georgo Merritt, rubber springs ; John E. Williams, Metropolitan Bank ; Sanford Cobb, president of fire insurance; James ('unningham, Col. operator ; William Orton, Western Union Telegraph ; James McMillan, brokerage, cotton, coal, etc .; Jesse A. Marshall, street railroads. David A. Paige, railroads ; Gustavo A. Sacchi, lands ; Stephen B. Tompkins, speculator ; Piorson Halsted, personality ; William S. Latham, ex-Gov- ernor, removed to Col. ; Woodbury Langdon, Astor estato ; Herman Leroy, D. Webster's father-in-law.

Publicans, etc.

Martin Smith, Tarrytown ; Joseph II. Hall, Elmsford.

Persons more or less noted for Qualities or Attending Circumstances beyond the .freruge.

John Storm, fertility, resource and persistence ; Bernard J. Meserole, politician ; William A. Walker, scholar ; Steven Archer, spiritnalist; Rob- ert HI. Coles, surrogate ; Stephen Bushel, tactician ; Wm. P'. Lyon, teacher ; Jotham M. Knowlton, descendant of Colonel Knowlton ; Daniel Delavan, hardware, colonel of militia ; Pierre Wildey, versatile personality ; An- drew Thompson, personality ; Henry Foster, personality ; George W. Lent, Knickerbocker ; Jolin De Revere, constable, etc. ; Stephen Crosby, descendant of Cooper's Harvey Birch, the spy ; Hobart Berrian, personal- ity ; Gerard G. Beekman, personality ; Isaac Martling, patriot murdered by Tories ; Jonathan Baylis, farmer ; Stephen D. Beekman, personality ; John Hutchinson, woven iron ; Nathaniel B. Holmes, personality ; Steuben Swartwont, personality ; Thomas Dean, personality ; l'eler See (tho

te ren

298

HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

staver), twenty-three children ; Catharine Acker, personality ; Cornelia Beekman (grauny), personahty ; Maria Panlding, personality ; Deborah (. Benedict, personality ; Inlia Storms, personality ; Phebe Miller, long. evity-one hundred and three years.

The foregoing list of ninety-four names is the best that I can lo ; doubtless there are others as worthy of mention, and some of These per- haps are misjudged.

The mumber will not seem so small when it is considered that fully one-half of the number of interments are females, and that but few could become distinguished before the approach of middle age. And, again, it should be borne in mind that the tendency of civilization in our modern society is to fetter aud cramp the growth of personality into the well- worn out of mediocrity, assailing with the mad-dog cry of "crauk !" every soul that chafes nuder conformity to its meretricions show of style, and thinly- veiled hypocrisy, marshaled by cant.

B. F. CORNELL, Superintendent of Sleepy Hollow Countery. Tarrytown, Jnue 30, 1885.

Having thus given some history of the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow, and its connection with the old burying-ground, and later with the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, it will lend completeness to the narrative to add a descriptive account of the Old Church and congregation, within and without, as presented in an interesting lecture, under the title of " The Legendary History of the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow," delivered in the First Reformed Church in the village by the present pastor, the Rev. John K. Allen, in November, 1884. The lecture pre- sents some phases of the subject not touched upon elsewhere. The following is an extract from it :

"To the urgent religious spirit of the Hollanders we may trace the erection of the little old church, in what was then the wilderness and among the people whom the new-comers called the heathen. Its familiar appearance needs no description, yet Irving's sketch of it in his . Legend of Sleepy Hollow' never grows wearisome, -' It stands on a knoll sur- rounded by loenst-trees and lofty elms, from among which its decent white-washed walls shine modestly forth like Christian purity beaming through the shades of retirement. A gentle slope descends from it to a silvery sheet of water, bordered by high trees, between which peeps may be caught at the blue hills of the lindson. To look upon its grass-grown yard, where the sunbeams seem to sleep so quietly, one would think that there at least The dead might rest in peace.'

"! It has sometimes been proposed to restore the church and make it as it originally was, to which it is to be said that no man knows how it origin- ally was. The church, which was altered in 1837, was not in its first comlition. After the American Revolution its interior was changed and repaired ; no doubt the improvements, as they were thought tobe, were very decided. The exterior has always been pretty much as we now see it. The tradition is that it was begin at least as early as the year 1691, when the church was organized. Every one is familiar with the story that Lord Philipse, aided by his wife Catherine Van Cortlandt, who ap- pears to have been the much more zealous of the two, began to build the church two or three years before he finished it. He laid the boudation mul then began his mill-dam. The dam being built, a freshet came one night and carried it away ; whereupon he built a better, stronger data, and a freshet wished it away. In his great distress he was approached by his obl slave, Harry, who said he had had a dream repeated for several nights. It was that God was displeased with his master for stop- ping work on the church in order to build his dam. Let him finish the church, and then the dam and it would stand. The lord of the unnor was much impressed by the dream, completed the church and then the dam, probably taking care to build it a little more securely than its predecessors ; anyway it stond, and in its standing seemed to be a sign that the Lord approved of his building the church first.

" The bricks which were used in the construction of the church were brought from Holland ; they were small and thin and yellow in color, and were artistically sel over the arch of the door and around the casements of the windows. A few of these bricks still remain in the structure and may be seen underneath the southwest window, where the door once was. It is said that the sloop which brought these bricks from Holland, and which carried them up the Poenntico, which was

then navigable as far as the Old Mill, was never able to get out again, as it grounded aud conbl not be gotten off. Men now living atlirm they have seen fragments of the wreck. In excavating in the bank by the Obl Mlill some of tho bricks which were lost in unloading the vessel, are still dng np.

" The vane upon the eastern end of the church, bearing the monogram ' VE'' is believed to be the one one which was originally placed there by the builder of the church, Vredryck Flypse. It is certain thal he had recorded this as a brand- mark for himself and all his plantation in the connty of Westchester, at an early date. I do not know whether the vane at the western end is of equal antiquity or not. Mr. Irving, with his gentle humor, cannot resist making the quiet, not ill-natured remark that these two vanes, like most ecclesiastical vanes, usually point in contrary directions. The bell, which swings in the belfry still, was cast to order in Holland. It is richly orunmented aml bears the following inscription : 'Si Dens pro nobis quis contra nos, 1685.' The communion table and silver service were ordered from llolland at the same time. The table, which is an extension table, is of massive oak in- laid with ebony, and the beakers are of solil silver. This table aad service are still in use by the First Reformed Church. The baptismal bowl used to be placed in a socket or bracket which extended out from the pulpit. It may be added that the one beaker bearing the name of Catherine Van Cortlandt, the baptismal bowl, tho communion table and n damask cloth of specified dimensions were given by will of Mrs. Philipse, in 1730, to her son-in-law, Adolph Philipse, 'in trust to and for the congregation of the Dutch Church, erected at Philipsburgh, by my husband, deceased, according to the Synod of Dort.'

" There are only two or three things that give us any idea how the orig. inal church, the church which was altered after the Revolutionary War, looked on the inside. It is quite plain that the original seats had no backs to them. In the gallery may still be seen two or three of these sents. They are of heavy oak, and in the bottom are holes which show how the slanchions which supported Them were mortised into them. The sturdy Dutchmmen of the good old times disdained any sup- port for the back as he listened with the greatest edification to a sound doctrinal sermon one or two hours long. After the Revolution, with the advent of a feebler generation, there appeared the symptoms of an enervating Inxury, and these hard oak seats were exchanged for narrow soft pine ones, without any cushion, and with high straight backs. In the year 1837, these were replaced by the present seats in which n man was supposed to sink down into the lap of luxury, but which some in these degenerate days think are only fit for u church that is militant, and that means to be militant and through suffering to become tri- minphant.

" It is evident that the pulpit always was where it is now, for on either side of it were what were called the thrones. These were seats elevated a little above the level of the others and covered with a rich curtin, and were meant for the especial use of the family of the lord of the Manor. It is said that Lord Philipse occupied the one, and his wife the other. We can imagine the scene on any Sunday before the Revolutionary War, when the descendants of the first Lord of the Manor sat up on their thrones regarded with deference by the Pominie in the pulpit, and with awe by the humble, hurdy men and women who -ut down below on the hard seats which had no backs. After the war the minds of the people had undergone a change ; they felt more the equality of all, and the throues aml rich awnings were rulely torn down, nud seats were made in thelr place for the good elders and deacons.

"Two other things I think we are sure of concerning the manuer of construction of the original church-that is, the windows and door. It is probable that when the alterations were made, in 1537, these were as they were in the beginning. The wimlows were not Gothic as now, but were square, small in size, and with small panes of glass. Their sills must have been at least seven feet from the thor, aml the men were accustomed to put their hats on these sills for safe-keeping during the services. The wimlows were guarded by heavy iron enes-bars, which protected the people from the Indians or other enemies. The door was originally, as has already been said, where the southwest wimlow now is, as is proved by the little yellow bricks which now remain in the structuro, running down from the present window. Over the door was a little roof or canopy.

" 1 do not know that there is anywhere a description of the church an it was in 1537, und us it had been froun the time of the Revolution. For The benefit of those who are to come after, I give it as I have re- ceived it from those who were very familiar with Its appearance. Captain Odell, our felbow citizen, now over ninety years old, says he has heard that the road ouce ran to the cast, -that la, in the rear

299

MOUNT PLEASANT.

of the church. This gets some color of probability from the fact that tho Hollanders had a great lovo of putting the gable end of a building toward the street, and, also, from the fact that in the cemetery near the Deluvan monument there are the remains of a redonht which once commanded the valley of the Poeantico and which very possibly was on or near the old road. At a later time the road crossed the stream, not whero it now does, but some distance to the east of the present bridge. The abntments of this old bridge may still be seen, and it was over this bridgo that Ichabod Crane and the Headless Horseman took their fearful ride. Then the road bent to the left, and came by the south side of the church at some little distanco from it. At a point where now the sidewalk begins to rise, the people left the road and came into the yard to the door at the southwest corner of the building. There were two galleries in the building, one on the west and the other on the north side, connected with each other. That on the north side camo up to the first window from the pulpit. It was two seats deep, and here the choir were accustomed to sit and sing. From the small size of tho church one imagines that this north gallery and the high pulpit must have been very near neighbors. In 1837 this gallery was re- moved. Let me turu aside for a moment to introduce what Irving says about the singing of Ichabod Crane. He was the leader of the choir, but according to the story did not occupy the north gallery.

"' It was a matter of no little vanity to him, on Sundays, to take his station in front of the church-gallery, with a band of chosen singers ; where, in his own mind, he completely carried away the palm from the parson. Certain it is his voice resounded above all the rest of the con- gregation ; and there are peculiar quavers still to be heard in that church, and which may even be heard half a mite off, quite to the opposite side of the mill-pond, on a still Sunday morning, which are said to be legiti- mately descended from the nose of Ichabod Crane.' It may not be known to every one that Ichabod Crane was a real character. The man who stood for this portrait was Jesse Merwin, a friend of Irving's, and whom he used to visit when he was a pedagogne in the village of Kinderhook. (Bolton's Ilist., vol. i. p. 533.)

" But now let us go on with the description of the church. The gal- lery at the west end was not at the beginning so deep as at present, and tho entrance to this and the other gallery was mado in this way. There was no hall or stairs or door in the west end, as now, but from the middle of the interior of the church, a little in front of the gallery, steps rose to a platform against the western wall under the gallery, where the door now is and where a window then was. This platform was not high enough from the floor for one to stand under. From this the steps turned sharply around and descended to the level of the gallery ; from the top of the stairs one could go off into the connecting north gallery.

" The first pulpit was about the height of the present one. It was an oetagon in shape, was doubtless brought from Holland, and was large enough to acconunodate only ona man. It was set upon a standard, about nine inches across, and approached by a stairs from the North side. We could well have endured most of the changes, if ouly this old pulpit had been left untouched. It is affirmed by eye witnesses that the sounding-board was about five feet above the pulpit ; was a hexagon in shape and was made of white oak. The pulpit was set against the rear wall, and at the back of it, a little above the min- ister's head, was a peg, upon which he was accustomed to hang his hat ; but as it was a mere man's hat, or a man's mere hat, it was of no consequence, and probably the worship of the most frivolous girl was not disturbed by its fashion. When the church was altered, the pulpit was bought by Mr. Peter Augustus See, who had a small book- case made from the mahogany wood there was in it.

" The ceiling of the church was of boards, painted white, and tradi- tion tells how Dominie Dubois took a heavy cold the first Sunday he preached in the church, because some of the boards over the Southwest window had been allowed to get loose and fall off. Two solid oak beams, a foot square, ran across the inside of the building, North and South, and resting right on the top of the stone walls. One was between the second and third windows and the other right above the pulpit. To this latter the sounding-board was hung. The rod by which this sounding- board was suspended is still to be seen in one of the closets of the Ok Church.

" The phebe birds used to build their nests on these transverse brams, and Mrs. Eliza Ann Sce, who died recently in her ninety-third year, has told me that they sometimes kept np a great chattering during the ser- vice, and that she has seen one of them perch itself on the edge of the sonding-board, cock its head to one side and look down at Dominic Smith, while he was preaching, as if it wondered what under the canopy that man was doing down there. Such a spectacle must have been highly entertaining to the children. Something like this the Psalmist

had seen beneath the eaves or by the smoking altars of the stately tem- ple in Jerusalem when he wrote, 'The sparrow bath found an house, and the swallow a nest for herself, where she may lay her young, even thine altars, O Lord of hosts.'

"There was no chimney in the church until the alterations were made, about fifty years ago. Before that time the pipe went from a long stove, just outside the railing, in front of the pulpit, North and South, through a pane of glass in either side-window. The smoke was some- thing dreadful, au incense painful to eyes and lungs, and which could not have been endured by congregations less devont than were those uf the good days of old. Men now living have told me how Capt. Abra- ham Storins rose one Sunday and said he had soul the old stove for twelve shillings and had bought a new one for six dollars, and it would be necessary to take a collection to make the difference. This religions exercise was repeated for two or three Sundays before the necessary mount was raised. Farmers came with foot-stoves and with bricks, which last they heated before service. If the bricks became cold before the service was concluded, which might easy be, for the minister was never brief, they went right up to the stove, in the middle of tho sermon, and heated them again. It is said that the people, especially in the summer- tinte, remained seated on benches without until the minister came, when they rose and followed him into the church like a flock of sheep. It was his custom when he came into the church to stand for a moment at the foot of the pulpit-stairs. one hand holding hls hat, while tho other was raised in silent prayer, before he ascended the pulpit. When seated there he selected the passage of scripture which was to be read, and then handed tho Bible down to the clerk, who read the chapter to the people. I believe this clerk was also the precentor. On communion Sundays the table was drawn ont to its full length, within the railing, and the people sat down around it in successive companies. The minister made an ad- Iress to each table full. As they came to the table the people would lift the edges of the cloth and deposit under it the six-pence or other sim, which was to be used only for the purchase of bread and wine for the sacrament. At noon there was an hour's intermission between the ser- vices. During this hour the people ate their lunch, and, possibly, if they were not very good, they gossiped a little. Old Casar, a colored man, came from the Saw. Mill River valley and sold cakes and home-made beer in this intermission. This was in Dominie Jackson's time, at the beginning of this century. There was more exense for this then than there would be now, for some of the people cante from long distances, from Kensico and I'nionville and White Plains. A great many young men and young women came on horseback to church. There was a grove of half an acre or an acre of locust-trees down on the shores of the mill pond, where the horses were tied, and here the rustic swains exhibited their dex- terity and gallantry in assisting the buxom, rosy-cheeked Dutch girls in dismounting. Who can tell what innocent flirting and love-making went on in that grove at this noon-tide hour of the summers of long ago ; what thoughts took possession of young bosoms, which were not prompted by the Dominie's solemn sermon in the morning about the vanity of all things here below,-thoughts which effectually prevented them from hearing a single word of the eloquent afternoon sermon de- livered in resounding Ilollandish ? Who can tell how often the services of the Dominio were demanded to complete the work begun on those Sunday noons ? Gone are the locust-trees, gone are the young men and maidens, gone, too, are the Dominies, but that touch of nature makes us all akin. Only once more mist I quote Irving, as he pictures his hero Ichabod, in this hour between services, 'Our man of letters was peculiarly happy in the smiles of all the country damsels. How he would figure among them in the church-yard, between services, on Sun- lays ! gathering grapes for them frout the wild vines that overrun the surrounding trees, reciting for their amusement all the epitaphs on the tombstones, or samttering, with a whole bevy of them, along the banks of the adjacent mill-pond, while the more bashful country bumpkins hung sheepishly back, envying his superior elegance and address.'

Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.

History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. II, Part 72

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898, Publication date: 1886 Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co. Number of Pages: 1286

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898,
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co.
Number of Pages: 1286