USA > New York > Oswego County > Landmarks of Oswego County, New York > Part 18
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LANDMARKS OF OSWEGO COUNTY.
became weary of such ineffective methods, and made a subscription or appropriation of $2,000 to save the remaining portions of the harbor works. In 1853, as a result of the appropriation made in 1852, 590 feet of the pier was renewed. In 1856 the west pier was finished and reported as sufficiently substantial to endure for years. Instead of this there were several breaks in 1857, and the next year $10,000 were appropriated for repairs. In 1860, $30,000 were appropriated and repairs continued, 800 feet being renewed. The war closed the work and nothing further was done until 1865. A legislative act of April I, 1854, ratified and confirmed the title and rights granted July 11, 1853, to Joseph Wilbur, Nathan M. Rowe, Thomas S. Mott and Charles Rhodes for building and maintaining a "pier in the west outer harbor."
The census of 1850 gives the population of the county as 62, 198-an increase of more than 18,000 since 1840; and in 1860 it had reached 75,958, showing another marked increase, and indicating growth and progress in all directions. The reciprocity treaty between the United States and Great Britain made in 1854, under which all natural pro- ducts of British America were admitted into the United States free, contributed largely to the business development of the county and the traffic through the Oswego Canal. The imports in 1860 more than quadrupled those of 1854, and were an important factor in the financial welfare of the community.
Now, the cloud which was to envelop the country and precipitate a long and bloody war could be seen on the horizon, " no bigger than a man's hand." Lincoln had been elected president of the United States after one of the most exciting political campaigns in the history of the country. Rumors were rife of armed opposition to the incoming ad- ministration by the Southern States. The cloud grew, and the pulse of the North was finally quickened, April 12, 1861, by the sound of hostile cannon at Charleston, South Carolina, fired at the United States flag.
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THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
CHAPTER XII.
OSWEGO COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
War Meetings-Prompt Response to Lincoln's Call for Volunteers -- The 24th Regi- ment -- The 81st -- The 110th -- The Soldiers' Relief Society -- The Threatened Draft -- The 147th Regiment -- The 184th -- Other Military Organizations -- The 21st New York Independent Battery -- Draft of August 4, 1863-Action of the County Respecting Bounties -- Filling the Quotas -- Money Raised by the County and Towns for War Purposes.
The long reign of peace and prosperity in this country was ended. The time had arrived when the question of the stability of the Union was to be tested. It is not within the purpose or scope of this work to discuss the causes that led to the great Civil war, nor to make a record of the national events that characterized that conflict. The story has been written more carefully and exhaustively than that of any war in the world's history. Every State and every county has in its archives complete records and muster rolls of each regiment, company and soldier from the respective localities, while every library has one or more works devoted to the subject. It is, therefore, presumable that every intelligent person is familiar with the prominent details of the civil strife of 1861-65. It remains for us here to briefly note the chief events of a military character that took place in this county, with con- cise descriptions of the several completed organizations that went from here, with some statistics that will be valuable for reference.
When, on the 12th of April, 1861, the enemies of the Union fired their first gun against the flag of the country, a tide of patriotic enthu- siasm and indignation swept over the entire country. It was the culmination of the stirring political events which for nearly a year had kept the public mind in a fever of excitement and anxiety. As early as June 4, 1860, the Lincoln Club was formed in Oswego, with De Witt C. Littlejohn, president, to aid in the political campaign which resulted in the election of Abraham Lincoln. Ratification meetings were fre-
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LANDMARKS OF OSWEGO COUNTY.
quent and enthusiastic ; an Oswego delegation attended one of these meetings in Fulton, June 6 ; and on the 2 Ist of that month a great gather- ing assembled at Doolittle Hall, the call for which was signed by hun- dreds of prominent citizens. Companies of "Wide Awakes" had already been organized, and previous to the meeting they marched to the starch factory, where a pole 140 feet high had been raised. The meeting was called to order by Cheney Ames, and Mr. Littlejohn presided. The principal speakers were D. J. Mitchell, of Syracuse, and Dwight H. Bruce, both eloquent men. The Oswego Lincoln Guards were organ- ized in August, to continue through the campaign, with Dr. A. Van Dyke, president.
On the 12th of October a grand mass meeting was held, over which Henry Fitzhugh presided, with a long list of vice presidents, one from each ward and town. Two speakers' stands had to be erected in the West Park to accommodate the crowds. At the lower stand Cheney Ames presided, and Joshua R. Giddings spoke ; while Lieutenant- Governor Noble addressed the assemblage at the upper stand. It was estimated that there were 6,000 people present. A "Wide Awake." , parade was made in the evening.
Oswego county gave Lincoln a majority of 3,638, which was con- siderably in excess of the usual Republican majority. On the 15th of November a ratification meeting was held in Littlefield Hall, under the auspices of a large committee of arrangements ; one hundred guns were fired and a great parade was made. The year closed with gloomy forebodings. The call to arms, which followed the first gun fired upon Fort Sumter, found an echo in every loyal heart, and thousands sprang forward to offer their services, and if necessary their lives, in defense of the perpetuity of the Union.
On the 15th of April, 1861, President Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 volunteers to aid in suppressing an uprising which was then generally considered as little more than a short-lived riot. Within fifteen days after the call was issued, 350,000 men had offered their services to the government. Had the prescience of the government been equal to the enthusiasm of the people, all that vast body of volunteers would have been put in the field, and much bloodshed might have been saved. The call was for three months of service, and
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THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT.
it soon became apparent that the army could scarcely be armed and equipped before their time would expire.
In the brotherhood of loyal States, New York was foremost in deter- mination that the Union should endure, and, under the first call, nearly 14,000 men went forward. In common with other localities, Oswego county promptly responded to the president's proclamation. Public meetings were called, at which speakers eloquently portrayed the situation ; martial music filled the air ; the stars and stripes were unfurled from hundreds of conspicuous points ; the peaceful occupations of the people were almost abandoned ; in the newspaper offices bulletins were eagerly scanned by anxious eyes ; and military spirit and enthusiasm prevailed everywhere.
On the 16th of April, 1861, a meeting was held in Oswego and measures adopted for the immediate raising of a regiment of volun- teers. Recruiting began with enthusiasm, and on the morning of April 26 a company, under command of John D. O'Brien, one of the bravest of soldiers, started for Elmira. Captain O'Brien was the first officer commissioned in this State under the president's first call, and his was the first company to rendezvous at that place, where so many regiments afterwards organized. This company was rapidly followed by Co. B, Capt. Edward M. Paine; Co. C, Capt. Frank Miller; Co. D, from Parish, Capt. Melzar Richards (after- wards lieutenant-colonel of the 24th Cavalry) ; Co. E, from Volney, Capt. Orville Jennings ; Co. F, Oswego city, Capt. Archibald Pres- ton ; Co. G, Sandy Creek, Capt. W. D. Ferguson (afterwards major of the 184th Regiment); Co. H, Volney, Capt. Albert Taylor (after- wards major of the 24th Cavalry) ; Co. I, Oswego city, Capt. Levi Beardsley ; and Co. K, from Ellisburg, Jefferson county, Capt. Andrew J. Barney, subsequently promoted to major. So rapidly were these companies filled that the regiment was mustered in on the 17th of May. The following were the regimental and line officers :
Colonel, Timothy Sullivan; lieutenant-colonel, Samuel R. Beardsley ; major, Jonathan Tarbell; surgeon, J. B. Murdoch, M. D .; assistant surgeon, Lawrence Reynolds, M. D .; adjutant, Robert Oliver, jr .; quartermaster, Charles T. Richardson; chaplain, Rev. Mason Gallagher.
Line Officers .-- Co. A, captain, John D. O'Brien ; first lieutenant, Samuel H. Brown; second lieutenant, Daniel C. Hubbard.
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Co. B -- Captain, Edward M. Paine ; first lieutenant, B. Hutcheson; second lieu- tenant, William L. Yeckley.
Co. C -- Captain, Frank Miller ; first lieutenant, John Ratigan ; second lieutenant, William L. Peavey.
Co. D -- Captain, Melzar Richards; first lieutenant, Severin Beaulieu; second lieu- tenant, William Wills.
Co. E -- Captain, Orville J. Jennings ; first lieutenant, Richard J. Hill; second lieu- tenant, Ten Eyck G. Pawling.
Co. F -- Captain, Archibald Preston ; first lieutenant, Patrick Cleary ; second lieu- tenant, Thomas Murray.
Co. G -- Captain, William D. Ferguson; first lieutenant, Calvin Burch ; second lieu- tenant, Henry B. Corse.
Co. H -- Captain, Albert Taylor ; first lieutenant, Henry Sandovel ; second lieutenant, Edson D. Coit.
Co. I -- Captain, Levi Beardsley ; first lieutenant, Theo. Dalrymple; second lieuten- ant, Norman Holly.
Co. K -- Captain, Andrew J. Barney ; first lieutenant John P. Buckley; second lieu- tenant, Jonathan R. Ayres.
This regiment was numbered the 24th, and after receiving its equip- ments was ordered to Washington via Baltimore. There they remained in camp, diligently drilling, until the battle of Bull Run-the initial conflict, which, after almost being made a grand victory for the Northern troops, was turned to a disastrous rout by the opportune arrival of a small force of reinforcements for the enemy. The 24th Regiment did not share in that battle, but on the day following (July 22) they marched out of Washington city and to Bailey's Cross Roads, meeting on the way the flying remnants of the Union army. At the Cross Roads the regiment was placed on picket, and was then the only organized force between the victorious Southerners and the city. They held that picket line for three weeks, without tents, blankets, or other baggage. On being relieved from this arduous duty, they encamped on Arlington Heights, where they were brigaded with the 14th New York (Zouaves), the 22d and 30th New York Volunteers, and about three months later, the 2d U. S. Sharpshooters. In the fall the regiment moved to Upton Hill; built Fort Upton ; and remained there during the winter.
With the general movement of the Army of the Potomac, under McClellan, in the spring of 1862, the 24th advanced to Bristoe Station, and proceeded thence a week later to Catlett's Station. From that
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THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT.
point began the heavy march towards Fredericksburg. Reaching Fal- mouth they encountered the enemy, and drove him across the Rappa- hannock. The regiment was warmly received in Falmouth by the colored population, who thought their day of deliverance had come. While in camp at Falmouth the regiment and the brigade in which it was placed passed from the command of General - Augur to that of General Hatch, son of M. P. Hatch, a former Oswegonian. Camp life was varied by marches and countermarches to Spottsylvania and Front Royal. By the change above noted and others, the 24th became the senior regiment of the First Brigade and First Corps, which position it maintained until this corps terminated its existence by the expiration of the terms of the two-year men. General Burnside relieved them at Fredericksburg, and they moved under Pope to Cedar Mountain, where the battle of Cedar Mountain was fought. On the 9th of August, 1862, began what has passed into history as Pope's retreat, in which the regiment had the post of honor as rear guard. In the succeeding engagement at Sulphur Springs the 24th was under fire in support of a battery. At Rappahannock Station, also, they were under fire, and a shot from a battery killed a member of Co. D. From here the march was taken up for Gainesville, which was reached on August 28. Here began the series of engagements which are known as the second battle of Bull Run. During the night of the 28th the 24th Regiment sup- ported Gibbon's Brigade. Towards evening of the 29th, the regiment being under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Beardsley, a sharp struggle of an hour took place between Hatch's Brigade, under com- mand of Colonel Sullivan of the 24th, and Doubleday's Brigade (Union), and A. P. Hill's Confederate Division. In this engagement the 24th performed heroic duty, and lost twenty-nine killed, 186 wounded, and 124 missing. Among the killed was Major Barney, who fell fighting at the head of his command.
The details of the succeeding operations of this regiment and of the "Iron Brigade," as it had been named, cannot be followed here. At South Mountain and Antietam the regiment covered itself with glory. In the former engagement a charge was made while the regiment was under the command of the brave Captain O'Brien, in which he displayed the greatest heroism. At Antietam, while still in command of the regi-
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LANDMARKS OF OSWEGO COUNTY.
ment, Captain O'Brien was wounded, losing his leg ; thirty-three others also were wounded.
After six weeks in camp at Sharpsburg, the First Corps crossed the Potomac and met the enemy in skirmishes and raids among the moun- tain gaps, crowding them in upon the Richmond defenses. From Warrenton, where the command of the army passed to General Burn- side, the First Corps marched to Brooks' Station on the Fredericksburg Railroad, where it occupied the extreme left. At Fredericksburg, Co. B held the picket line, under command of W. L. Yeckley. When the line retreated the picket line was left for fear its withdrawal would inform the enemy of the retreat. Just as the pontoons were about to be taken away, the picket was recalled from its perilous position. After the unsuccessful assault on Fredericksburg, the army retired to Belle Plain and went into winter quarters.
In May, 1863, under General Hooker, the Iron Brigade occupied the extreme left in Reynolds' Division, and in that order went into the second battle of Fredericksburg. When the retreat was ordered this brigade covered the movement as rear guard, and was the last to cross the Rappahannock. From this time until May 17, the 24th was on picket duty along the river, when, their term having expired, they were ordered to Elmira and mustered out on the 29th day of May, 1863. The battle flag of the 24th bears the following inscriptions : "Falmouth, Sulphur Springs, Rappahannock Station, Gainesville, Manassas, South Mountain, Antietam, First Fredericksburg, Second Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville."
The Eighty-first Regiment .- The disastrous battle of Bull Run opened the eyes of the North, and it was clearly seen that probably a pro- longed war was begun. Under authority of acts of May 3, July 22, and July 25, 1861, 500,000 volunteers had been called for, for terms varying from six months to three years, under which calls New York State sent about 31,000 for two years and about 90,000 for three years. The calls of May and July led to the adoption of measures for raising a second regiment in Oswego county. On the 29th of August, 1861, a meeting was held in Doolittle Hall, over which E. B. Talcott presided. William Duer was the principal speaker, and the immediate raising of another regiment was determined upon. The work
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THE EIGHTY-FIRST REGIMENT.
of recruiting began at once 'and was pushed rapidly forward. On the 14th of September, Co. A, Captain Raulston, was mustered in at Fort Ontario, and seven others followed on the 17th, of which A, B, C and D, were from Oswego city ; E, from Gilbertsville; F, from Fulton ; G, from Syracuse ; and H, from Hannibal. The ninth company was must- ered in October I, from the town of Oswego. In January, 1862, the tenth company was furnished from the town of Hastings. But the regiment was not yet filled, and, owing to some internal disagreements, recruiting proceeded slowly. On the 20th of January, 1862, the regi- ment, under command of Colonel Rose, a West Point graduate, was sent to Albany, where it received about 350 men from Oneida county. This filled the ranks. As finally arranged, the field and staff officers were as follows:
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Colonel, Edwin Rose ; lieutenant-colonel, Jacob J. De Forest; major, John McAmbely ; surgeon, William H. Rice; assistant-surgeon, Carrington Macfarlane ; adjutant, Edward A. Cooke ; quartermaster, Roger A. Francis ; chaplain, David McFarland; sergeant- major, James L Belden ; commissary-sergeant, N. H. Green ; quartermaster-sergeant, John F. Young; hospital steward, C. S. Hart; drum-major, W. S. Winters.
Line Officers -- Co. A, Captain, William C. Raulston; first lieutenant, Hamilton Little- field, jr .; second lieutenant, Elias A. Fish.
Co. B -- Captain, Augustus G. Bennett ; first lieutenant, Hugh Anderson ; second lieu- tenant, Martin J. De Forest.
Co. C -- Captain, Franklin Hannahs ; first lieutenant, Orin J. Fitch; second lieutenant, Seth J. Steves.
Co. D -- Captain, L. C. Adkins ; first lieutenant, John G. Phillips; second lieutenant, R. D. S. Tyler.
Co. E -- Captain, Lyman M. Kingman; first lieutenant, W. C. Newberry ; second lieutenant, D. G. Harris.
Co. F -- Captain, T. Dwight Stow ; first lieutenant, Edward S. Cooke; second lieu- tenant, D. C. Rix.
Co. G -- Captain, Henry C. Thompson; first lieutenant, Henry H. Hamilton; second lieutenant, H. W. Green.
Co. H -- Captain, John B. Raulston ; first lieutenant, John W. Oliver; second lieu- tenant, Peter French.
Co. I -- Captain, D. B. White ; first lieutenant, Willard W. Ballard; second lieutenant, B. F. Wood.
Co. K -- Captain, J. Dorman Steele ; first lieutenant, George W. Berriman; second lieutenant, L. J. Steele.
On the 21 st of February the regiment was ordered to New York, whence they proceeded on the 5th of March to Washington. There the men
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LANDMARKS OF OSWEGO COUNTY.
remained in camp twenty days, and on the 28th of March marched to Alexandria, whence they embarked for Fortress Monroe, arriving on the Ist of April. From this date until May 31st, the regiment was on the march or in camp, acting as reserve at the battle of Williamsburg, and reaching Seven Pines on the 28th, where they remained until the bloody engagement of the 3 Ist was fought. In this battle the 8 Ist was assigned to the left of Casey's Division, unsupported in an open field. The reg- iment here underwent its baptism of fire and stood the ordeal hero- ically. Lieutenant-Colonel De Forest was shot in the breast ; Major McAmbley and Captain Kingman, with many privates, were killed and left on the field. The regiment passed to the command of Capt. William C. Raulston. Darkness ended the battle and the men slept on their arms. The next day was spent in burying the dead, and on the 2d of June McClellan issued an address to the army, to inspire the troops with courage for the decisive battle which he said was at hand. The 8 Ist marched to White Oak Swamp ; went into camp and remained until the 28th ; and were there joined by Colonel Rose, who had been absent a month on account of sickness. On the morning of the 30th a weary march was made to Malvern Hill. July I the regiment was assigned to the reserve corps and on the following day started for Harrison's Land- ing. On the 8th they encamped near the James River, remaining thirty- nine days, and while here Colonel Rose resigned and the com- mand devolved upon Major Raulston. On the 16th of August the regiment started on the march that took them in the ensuing few days to Yorktown, where they went into camp and remained until the last of December. On the 29th of December they left Yorktown for North Carolina, and the following three months were passed mostly in camp at Caroline City, and St. Helena Island. In that vicinity a month more was spent in rapid changes of position, bringing them to Morehead City on the 2d of May, 1863. At this time Major D. B. White, with Co.'s B, D, and G, was ordered to Fort Macon to perform garrison duty. Captain Ballard, with Co.'s E, I, and K, was assigned to the provost guard at Beaufort, and the remaining four, Co.'s A, L, F, and H, remained at Morehead City, as headquarters, under command of Lieutenant-Colo- nel Raulston. Several important raids were made from this point dur- ing the next few months. On the 18th of October the regiment em-
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THE EIGHTY-FIRST REGIMENT.
barked for Newport News, where they encamped on the same ground occupied by them in April, 1862. They remained here a month, and then went to Northwest Landing, about twenty-five miles from Norfolk.
January 1, 1864, the men who had less than one year to serve were given the opportunity to enlist for three years and take a furlough of thirty days. On the 23d of February more than two-thirds of the en- tire regiment had re-enlisted, and they started for home, reaching New York on the 29th of February. In Syracuse the veterans were met by a delegation, were breakfasted, and at four o'clock reached Oswego. Marching to Doolittle Hall, they were received and banqueted by the ladies of the city and given a royal welcome by all.
The 8 Ist again left for the front on the 12th of April, 1864, and ar- rived at Yorktown on the 18th. Here they were assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Eighteenth Corps of the Army of the James. May 4 they proceeded to Bermuda Hundred, whence they marched six miles from the landing and began the construction of fortifications. On the 9th, while deployed as skirmishers, they met the troops of Beauregard and drove them from the field. During the following month the regiment was almost uninterruptedly engaged in skirmishes and minor battles. At Drury's Bluff, on the 16th of May, 1864, the regiment occupied an important position, and twice repulsed the ene- my's charges. On the Ist of June, after having joined the Army of the Potomac, the 8 Ist went into the bloody battle of Cold Harbor. On this sanguinary field, on the 2d, the regiment lost over seventy in killed and wounded. Among the killed were Captains Ballard and Martin, and Lieut. J. W. Burke, of Co. K. Five other captains were wounded. At the end of the twelve days in which the regiment was engaged at and near Cold Harbor, two-thirds failed to answer at roll-call, and an order for provisional consolidation into four companies was issued. But, instead of the expected respite, they were marched to Petersburg, and on the 15th drove the enemy from his first line of works, and par- ticipated in the brilliant and successful charge of the Eighteenth Corps. On the 16th the regiment supported an assaulting column, and on the 26th received a charge from the enemy, which they bravely withstood and almost annihilated the foe. July 10 the 8Ist returned to the Peters- burg trenches. August 2 they marched to Appomattox River, where
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LANDMARKS OF OSWEGO COUNTY.
they remained until the 26th, when they returned to Bermuda Hundred. In the succeeding battle of Fort Harrison, the 8Ist was the first to plant its flag on the enemy's works, and nine officers and many privates were killed or wounded. Captain Rix, Lieutenants Tuttle and Neth- way were killed, and Lieutenants Dolbear and Porter were mortally wounded. During the two days of the fighting the regiment lost one hundred in killed and wounded. The regiment next participated in the engagement near Seven Pines on the 29th of August, and thence later returned to Chapin's Farm.
On the 5th of November the regiment was ordered to New York, where it remained during the presidential election, returning to camp near Richmond. When the Confederate capital fell the 8Ist was the first infantry regiment to enter the city. The regiment was mustered out August 1, 1865.
In recognition of its gallant services the 8Ist was presented with a stand of colors by the War Department, bearing the inscriptions : Yorktown, Seven Pines, Savage Station, Malvern Hill, Winton, Violet Station, Kingsland Creek, Drury's Bluff, May 13, 15, 16; Cold Harbor, June 1, 2, 3 ; Petersburg, June 15, 16, and 24, and July 9 and 30; Fort Harrison (Chapin's Farm), September 29 and 30; Fair Oaks (2d), Oc- tober 27, 1864.
Following is a list of the engagements, sieges, skirmishes and raids in which the 8Ist took part: Siege of Yorktown, May 3, 1862; Will. iamsburg, May 5, 1862; Bottom's Bridge, May 11, 1862 ; Savage Sta- tion, May 22, 1862; Fair Oaks, May 30, 1862 ; Seven Pines, May 31, 1862; Chickahominy, June 24, 1862 ; Charles City Cross Roads, June 25, 1862 ; Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862 ; siege of Charleston, April 7-10, 1863; raid on Trenton, July 4, 1863 ; raid on Winton, July 28-30, 1863 ; raid on Violet Station, May 9, 1864; Kingsland Creek, May 13, 1864; Drury's Bluff, May 16, 1864; Cold Harbor, June 1-12, 1864; Petersburg, June 15, August 26, 1864 ; Chapin's Farm, September 29, 1864; Fair Oaks (2d), October 27, 1864; entered Richmond April 3, 1865.
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