USA > New York > Oswego County > Landmarks of Oswego County, New York > Part 68
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Supervisor, Luke Winchell ; town clerk, Eli Strong; assessors, Erastus Hoskins, James Drake, and Benjamin Austin ; collector, Benjamin Thrall; overseers of the poor, Amos Kent and Jonathan Harmon; commissioners of highways, Samuel Brooks, Daniel Wilcox, and Eliakim Simons; constable, Nathan Cook; pathmasters, Ebenezer Cham- berlain, David Harmon, and Elihu Ingraham ; fence-viewers, Titus Meacham, Isham Simons, and Nathan Sage ; poundmaster, David Harmon.
At the first town meeting a vote was taken to build a pound, " as near the forks of the road, by David Harmon's, as can be found con- venient," and it was to be made of " round timber, laid up forty feet by thirty." The public pound was a useful and necessary institution in these early communities.
Steps were promptly taken by the proprietors to lay the foundations of a village, and in the summer of 1800 they gave to the town for public purposes fifteen acres of land, and a special meeting was held in Sep- tember at which the gift was formally accepted. The land was laid out in a square, the name " Center Square " given to it and to the immedi- ate vicinity, and the pioneers gave that name to their little settlement. This name was, however, soon abbreviated to "The Square," and in course of time was changed to Redfield Square, by which name the village is now known.
The early town authorities voted the customary regulations, among 85
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LANDMARKS OF OSWEGO COUNTY.
them a bounty of $5 for each wolf killed, and a penalty of $5 for felling trees into the Salmon River unless they were immediately cut out.
The first of the numerous saw mills in this town was built in 1800 by Elihu Ingraham, who soon connected with it a run of rude millstones. Both were of great usefulness to the tillers. This mill was about one and a quarter miles from the village and near where Mrs. McKinney was born. The grist mill was operated only a few years, when it was abandoned, and the inhabitants were again forced to go to Rome to get their grain ground, or to pound it in a mortar in the top of a stump.
In 1800 or 1801 David Butler became a resident and opened the first public house in the town in a log house that stood near the northeast corner of the Square. The log building was soon afterward replaced by a frame structure. Col. Amos Johnson, who came in at the same time (1800 or 1801), opened the second tavern, south of the creek at the Square. . His brother Joshua came with him ; the latter was a Con- gregational preacher, the first in the town, and lived with his brother Amos. The first physician came also in the first or second year of the century, from Rome, in the person of Dr. Enoch Alden. His infant son, Franklin, was buried in the new burial ground at the Square in 1801. The first death in the town was that of Wells Kellogg, who was buried on a hill on Captain Sage's farm, just west of the Square. The first birth in town was a son to Ebenezer Chamberlain.
Schools and churches were quick to spring up in every American settlement, and the intelligence and piety of the early settlers in Red- field is indicated by the fact that the first church in the county was organized here in 1802 by Rev. Mr. Johnson (before mentioned), with fourteen members. This church antedated by five years the first one in Mexico, and by about fourteen years the first one in Oswego village. The Redfield church was of the Congregational faith and the prede- cessor of the Presbyterian church, which is described further on. The first school of which any account remains was also taught in 1802 by the minister, Mr. Johnson. It is probable that children had been pub- licly taught earlier than that, but no record of the fact exists.
The town of Redfield gave to Oswego county in 1802 the first offi- cial higher than a supervisor, in the person of Captain Sage, who was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas.
695*
THE TOWN OF REDFIELD.
The foregoing annals are a clear indication of the prominence of this town among the early settlements of Oswego county, of the intelli- gence and energy of its pioneers, and their faith in the future of their community.
Allyn Seymour, father of the late Rodney Seymour, came in 1802, locating about a mile east of the Square. An incident of that year which has lived in tradition was the burning of Benjamin Austin's dwelling, and the saving from the flames of an infant by another child of five or six years. The babe lived to become a celebrated Universalist minister.
The proceedings of the early town meetings were often quaint and curious though of little importance. The first public pound was proba- bly not built, as a special meeting was held in August, 1802, at which it was ordered that a pound forty feet square and eight feet high should be built on the public square. The detailed description of this pro- posed structure indicates that the inhabitants realized its importance in a time when fences were few and of temporary character. The pound was to be of hemlock timber, with sills and plates on all sides; to have three posts between each corner; the spaces between each pair of posts to be occupied with seven bars of sawed timber, two by five inches each, tenoned into the posts; the structure to be furnished with a good gate, with lock and hinges. At this same meeting hogs were voted " free commoners," and the highway commissioners were directed to open "the great road " from Allen Merrell's to the bridge, for which the town was to furnish the money.
The school and church in Redfield flourished in spite of untoward circumstances. In the years 1817 and 1818 the town voted to raise for schools three times the amount received from the State-a very unusual proceeding. Dr. Alden served as "the good physician " until about 1806, when he removed to Rome and left the little settlement almost helpless in time of sickness ; but in those times every mother and grand- mother was, perforce, something of a doctor, and roots and herbs suf- ficed for ordinary ailments. The physician's departure, the abandon- ment of Ingraham's grist mill, and the fact that there was still no store in the community, forced the people to go to Rome for most of their domestic needs. Not long afterward a store was opened in the town of Florence, which was a great convenience.
1
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LANDMARKS OF OSWEGO COUNTY.
On the Ist of April, 1807, the first post-office in the town was estab- lished with the name of " Redfield " and Russell Stone as postmaster. Besides the settlers already mentioned there were many other arrivals previous to the beginning of the war of 1812, among them Richard Dimick, Squire Heriman, John Castor, Ezra Dewey, and James, Nathan and John Harris. At some time during this period Wells Kellogg began to sell some kinds of goods, though there is no evidence that he had a regular store.
Prior to 1812 the " great road" was opened through to Sackett's Har- bor, and during the war was of great and unexpected benefit for the passage of troops to that important military point. The going and coming of the soldiers furnished the inhabitants considerable excitement and the public square often presented animated and sometimes boister- ous scenes. The late Mrs. Porter related that on one occasion the cap- tain of a company, encamped on the Square, invited the young ladies who were attending a quilting party near by to come out and dance with his men. The ladies consented, and there in the heart of the wil- derness the green sward was pressed by nimble feet to the sound of the violin.1
In 1813 there were only four or five houses at " Center Square " be- sides the taverns of Colonel Johnson and Mr. West. In that year Dr. David Dickerson came to the Square; as Dr. Alden had gone, he was the only one to minister to the ills of the settlers. With his wife, who arrived a little later, came her sister, Miss Sophronia Sherwood, who became the wife of Rodney Seymour and lived a long time in the town. She died a few years ago in Michigan.
With the close of the war immigration was renewed, but not with its early activity. More fertile and accessible lands were found in other localities and pioneers passed on. Immigration and other travel made the State road, before mentioned, a busy highway for those times. That and the road down the Black River were the two thoroughfares between the valleys of the Mohawk and the St. Lawrence.
Just after the close of the war Dr. Alden, the first physician of the town, returned and built a grist mill at the Square across the road from the site of the present cheese factory, which was operated many years,
1 Johnson's History of Oswego County, p. 426 .-
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THE TOWN OF REDFIELD.
but was finally abandoned. He also built a saw mill near by. At the present time (1895) there is no grist mill in the town.
Arrangements were begun in 1818 for the construction of what was probably the first bridge over Salmon River. 'The highway commis- sioners were instructed to treat with those of Orwell in the matter. As the commissioners were restricted to an expenditure of $30, it could not have been much of a bridge that was contemplated, unless this sum was to pay their expenses in preliminary negotiations. In 1820 the town contained 336 inhabitants.
Down to the year 1830, the northern part of the town, which em- braced the " Nine Mile woods," had no inhabitants, except one Webb, who kept a rude tavern deep in the forest. After 1830 settlers slowly located in and began clearing up this section of the town. The clear- ing away of the almost interminable forests led to an immense lumber and bark business, which has continued to be extensive to the present day. What has been known as the Sanders mill road extends east and west across the town, and on this road fifty or more years ago Seymour Green built a saw mill. In 1859 this mill was operated by a Mr. Otto, and in that year he began the manufacture of floor tile, obtaining his capital in New York city ; the enterprise failed. At one period there were six mills on this road, but Thomas Sanders operates the only one now running. Samuel B. Adsit built in 1890 a mill about a mile north of the village, which is still in operation. Mr. Adsit has quite a local reputation as a bear hunter. On January 13, 1894, he killed three full-grown bears, for which he received $71.18; and on the 23d of the same month he killed another large one.
In 1879 a dam was constructed at a cost of $10,000 and a saw mill built by De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego, in Greenboro, on the north branch of Salmon River. Frank Joyner built a steam mill, which was burned and rebuilt in 1890. Frank Moyer built a steam mill in 1887, about three miles east of the village. J. G. Flagg & Sons built a steam mill two miles east of the village in 1887, and in the same vicinity James Mckinley built a steam mill in 1892. W. P. Curtiss built an excel- lent steam mill one and a half miles north of the village in 1890. Robert Bailey has a water mill seven miles north of the village, form- erly known as the Otto mill. What was formerly the Thorpe mill in
678
LANDMARKS OF OSWEGO COUNTY.
the same vicinity is now operated by Carter Brothers, and still further north Chester Button has a water mill. All of these mills are now in operation and the output of lumber is, of course, large. The pro- duction of bark has nearly ceased. When bark was largely produced, the tanning industry was extensive and profitable. About 1855 two large tanneries were built at Redfield Square, one by Streeter Brothers and one by Chauncey Burket. They were temporarily closed by the financial stringency of 1857, but were afterwards started up, one by J. A. Coles, and the other by Lapham, Clarington & Burket. Both subsequently passed to the possession of O. K. Lapham, and one of them was burned July 2, 1879, and not rebuilt ; the other was set on fire on the night of Cleveland's election in 1892 Neither had been operated for several years previous.
In a business sense the town saw its greatest activity during the period when these tanneries were in operation and the various mills were producing great quantities of lumber. A steam railroad was built about 1865 from the village of Williamstown to what was known as " Maple Hill " (see history of Williamstown), and was extended into Redfield about two and a half miles. It was used chiefly for transport- ing wood, and during five or six years large quantities were drawn out. The road was abandoned and the track taken up about 1876.
The town sent fifty-one men to the Union army in the war of the Rebellion, five of whom held commissions, viz .: James Coey, captain and afterwards major ; Joseph Bartlett, first lieutenant; William Bart- lett, second lieutenant ; Sidney C. Gaylord, second lieutenant, killed at battle of Petersburg ; H. Seymour, second lieutenant, killed at battle of Fredericksburg.
The iron bridge over the Salmon River on the State road was built in 1893 under direction of James F. Cooper, commissioner. It is 130 feet long and cost $3,300.
The mercantile business of Redfield Square is now carried on by George Simons (who has been in trade many years), William Phillips, Charles Crow, and George Thompson. William Wilson has a wagon shop and George Crangle and William Phillips are blacksmiths. The " Ben Lewis House " was built in 1874 by Lamont & Gardner, and is now conducted by W. A. Kilts. The Salmon River House was built in the same year by Honora Sturgeon and is now owned by her heirs.
679
THE TOWN OF REDFIELD.
What is now known as Edrington Park in Redfield is owned by Hon. John Davidson, of Elizabeth, N. J., a retired New York lawyer. He made a sportman's visit to the town in 1861 and has fished in Salmon River nearly every year since. He purchased over a mile of river frontage with a considerable area of land on either side and about two miles of brooks which flow into the river. This tract he has fenced, the banks of the stream have been protected from washing with thousands of loads of stone, bridges have been built, part of the landed seeded, and trees trimmed and planted. On a hill called from Mr. Davidson's son, Newcomb hill, is built the "Daisy Cottage," from which is obtained a magnificent view. Further up the hill is the " Buck's Head " log cabin, built and furnished with curiosities from all parts of the world. To aid in preserving the trout Mr. Davidson leases about two miles on either side of his park. He has become much attached to the people of the town and freely aids its public institutions,
The northern part of the town is still known as " Greenboro," and a post-office is maintained there by that name, of which Merritt Joyner is postmaster and carries on a general store.
The first school, as previously mentioned, was taught by Rev. Joshua Johnson in 1802. In 1860 the town had nine school districts, which were attended by 393 children. There are now twelve districts with a school house in each, in which thirteen teachers were employed and 141 scholars taught during the year 1892-3. The school buildings and sites are valued at $6,325 ; assessed valuation of the districts, $255,357 ; money received from the State in 1892-3, $1,465.16; raised by local tax, $1,368.10. The districts are locally known as follows : No. I, Village ; 2, Quinn ; 3, Bourne ; 4, Balcom ; 5, Castor ; 6, Otto Mills ; 7, Cooper ; 8, Button ; 9, Taylor ; 10, Clifford ; II, Littlejohn; 12, South Woods.
Population of the town: In 1830, 341; 1835, 412; 1840, 507; 1845, 510; 1850, 752 ; 1855, 798; 1860, 1,087; 1865, 1,072; 1870, 1,324 ; 1875, 1,303; 1880, 1,294; 1890, 1,060.
Supervisors' statistics of 1894 ยท Assessed valuation of real estate, $252,075 ; equalized, $271,026; town tax, $2,988.06; county tax, $1,517.75; total tax levy, $5,071.21; ratio of tax on $100, $2, the highest in the county. The town has a single election district and in November, 1894, polled 219 votes.
The supervisors of Redfield have been as follows :
680
LANDMARKS OF OSWEGO COUNTY.
Luke Winchell, 1800; Eli Strong, 1801; Nathan Sage, 1802-10; William Lord, 1811- 26; Daniel Dimmick, 1827-33; Edwin Rockwell, 1834-39; Rodney Seymour, 1840; Reuben Drake, 1841-42; Rodney Seymour, 1843-44; Gideon Parkhurst, 1845-46; Rod- ney Seymour, 1847; Daniel Dimmick, 1848-49; Sheldon Brooks, 1850-52; Gideon Parkhurst, 1853; Arthur V. Perry, 1854-55; Daniel Dimmick, 1856-57; Charles Mc- Kinney, 1858; Daniel Dimmick, 1859- 61; Sylvester Goodrich, 1862; Daniel Dimmick, 1863-64; Charles McKinney, 1865-66; Daniel Dimmick, 1867; James Petrie, 1868; Daniel Dimmick, 1869; A. G. Sexton, 1870-72; Lewis L. Fleming, 1873-76; Andrew S. Coey, 1877-78; Lewis L. Fleming, 1879-88; George S. Thompson, 1889-90; M. V. B. Clemens, 1891; John Wilson, 1892-93; Lewis L. Fleming, 1894-95.
Town clerks:
Eli Strong, 1800; Wells Kellogg, 1801; Eli Strong, 1802-4; Isaac Conkling, 1805 ; Jonathan Deming, 1806-13; Amos Kent, 1814-17; Allyn Seymour, 1818; Amos Kent, 1819-21; Samuel W. Johnson, 1822-23; Ira Seymour, 1824-27; William Lord, jr., 1828- 29; George Mckinney, 1830; William Lord, jr., 1831; Moses H. Webster, 1832; Reu- ben Drake, 1833; William Lord, jr., 1834-35; John Corey, 1836; Hinman Griswold, 1837; Henry Brooks, 1838-39; John K. Perry, 1840-42; Franklin Washburn, 1843; Henry Brooks, 1844-51; Reuben Drake, 1852-55; John K. Perry, 1856 ;. Alphonso H. Seymour, 1857; Heman Bacon, 1858; A. H. Seymour, 1859; Gilbert M. Parsons, 1860; Elias M. Parsons, 1861; Charles Mckinney, 1862; Joseph C. Thompson, 1863-64; George Elmer, 1865-66; J. M. Burton, 1867; Henry J. Burkett, 1868; J. B. Parsons, 1869; H. J. Burkett, 1870; Robert Cooper, 1871; John Cooper, 1872; William J. Good- ing, 1873-76; Stephen C. Thompson, 1877-79 ; Virgil J. Seymour, 1880 ; Robert Cooper, 1881; Samuel Adsit, 1882-83; George S. Thompson, 1884; Asa Parsons, 1885; Charles J. Williams, 1886-87; Charles Crow, 1888; Collins Waterbury, 1889-91; Andrew Ott, 1892-93; Robert Aloan, 1894.
The town officers for 1894-5 were as follows :
Supervisor, Lewis L. Fleming ; town clerk, Robert Aloan; justices of the peace, D'Estaing Thorp, Daniel McCahan; assessors, Charles Cooper, Fernando Castor ; com- missioner of highways, Lester Yerdon; overseer of the poor, William Crangle ; collector, Charles Adsit ; constables, Charles Grant, John Hill, George Hogan, William Joyner.
Churches .- The oldest church in Redfield was the one before men- tioned, organized in 1802 with nineteen members of the Congregational faith. Rev. Joshua Johnson was the first pastor and probably served the church twelve or fifteen years; he also taught the early schools. Rev. William Stone was his successor. For nearly thirty years the services were held in the school house and about 1829 a small church was built at the Square. This is all that is known of the early history of the society, as the records are lost. The Presbyterian form was sub- sequently adopted and the society has continued under that faith to the present time. Rev. G. W. Bergen is the pastor.
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THE TOWN OF RICHLAND.
A Methodist class was organized at Redfield Square as early as 1820 and a house of worship was erected in 1824. In 1845 Redfield, Will- iamstown, Amboy, and Florence (Oneida county) were united in one circuit. In 1848 the circuit was reduced to Redfield and Florence, and in 1853 each of these towns was made a separate charge, but were sub- sequently re-united. The church still exists, with Rev. O. D. Sprague, pastor ; the membership is sixty-six.
An Episcopal church was organized at the Square and now has a membership of twenty-four. Rev. Mr. Daly is pastor. The church was erected a short time ago.
A Union church was built at Greenboro and dedicated August 19, 1894, and a Union church is in existence south of the village, where regular services are held.
CHAPTER XXXII.
THE TOWN OF RICHLAND.
Richland was formed from Williamstown on the 20th of February, 1807, and at that time included the present towns of Sandy Creek, Orwell, Boylston, and Albion, and a part of Mexico. Orwell (then in- cluding Boylston) was set off February 28, 1817. March 31 of that year, lots 137 to 148 inclusive, of township 21 of Scriba's Patent, were annexed to Mexico. March 24, 1825, Richland was further reduced by the erection of the towns of Sandy Creek and Albion. By chapter 264 of the laws of 1836, as amended by chapter 33 of the the laws of 1837, lots 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 and 110 of the 21st township were annexed to Mexico. March 27, 1844, lots numbers 127, 137, 147 and 157 of town- ship ten of the Boylston Tract were set off to Orwell, leaving the town with its present area of 32,25 1 acres.
Richland is quite irregular in outline, and is bounded on the north by Sandy Creek and Lake Ontario; on the east by Orwell and Albion ; on the south by Albion and Mexico ; and on the west by Mexico and the lake. The surface is generally level or gently rolling and has a 86
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LANDMARKS OF OSWEGO COUNTY.
decided westerly inclination. The deep ravines through which the streams find their way to Lake Ontario afford a variety of scenery at once wild and picturesque, and no town in Oswego county surpasses this in natural beauty. The site of Pulaski village is 131 feet above the lake, while certain points farther east reach an elevation of 250 feet or more. In various localities copious springs gush forth, increasing in volume during the summer months, and giving the name to Spring or Trout Brook, which descends 150 feet in a distance of three miles. Other streams are Deer and Grindstone Creeks, on both of which are falls of considerable height. The principal watercourse of the town is Salmon River, which flows through the village of Pulaski and empties into Lake Ontario near the center of the western boundary. Nearly 4 all of these streams furnish abundant water power.
The soil is a sandy loam, mixed with clay in the southwest part, and the underlying rock is the Lorraine shales. It is very fertile and gen- erally easy of cultivation. Dense forests once covered most of the town and for many years gave employment to numerous saw mills. In 1858 there were nineteen in operation, besides eight shingle mills and other wood-working establishments. The heavy timber was long ago ex- hausted, leaving only here and there a bit of woodland to remind us of the former glory of the wilderness. As the forests fell fruitful fields were opened to cultivation and the log house of our fathers was super- seded by more comfortable and attractive homes.
The miscellaneous agriculture of early years has given way to dairy- ing, which is now the chief industry. There are several cheese factories in the town which turn out a large and choice product, bringing ade- quate returns to the farmers. The crops grown are the grains, hay, fruit, potatoes and corn.
Salmon River 1 is not only rich in romantic scenery, but also in his- toric interest. Its picturesque surroundings and valuable water power early attracted the attention of settlers, who promptly utilized many of the available sites. French writers state that it was a favorite route for Indian war parties to the Mohawk Valley; its waters were long fre-
1 This river is named from the fish which once swarmed in its waters. The Indian name of the mouth of the river was Otihatanque, while the French called it La Famine. See Winsor's Narr. and Crit. History of America, vol. 4, pages 234, 259, 260 and 293. The bay now called Mexico Bay they called Famine Bay.
683
THE TOWN OF RICHLAND.
quented by both Indians and white men for its splendid fish, and very early in the present century measures were adopted to preserve the salmon. On April 3, 1818, the Legislature passed an act prohibiting the wanton destruction of these fish, and on May 4, 1835, another law was enacted authorizing the construction of dams provided they con- tained fishways twenty-five feet wide. Other laws followed from time to time, with the same object in view. On the 12th of May, 1875, the Legislature prohibited the netting and spearing of salmon in the Salmon River between the Salmon River Falls and the outlet; and in Deer Creek for a distance of one mile above its mouth. Afterwards $3,000 was appropriated for building fishways in dams on the Little Salmon River in the town of Mexico, but the work was not performed, and in 1888 the money reverted to the State. Unfortunately this legislation has failed to secure the continuance of the visits of this noble fish to the waters of Oswego county.
Salmon River afforded another advantage to the settlers which was of great practical value. In times of highwater it floated immense quanti- ties of logs to the numerous mills along its banks, and from the earliest settlement it carried on its waters the bateaux of the pioneers with their families and household goods. Before the opening of passable roads it was the scene of considerable commercial activity, and after- ward turned the wheels of many industries. The use of its waters for later public improvement was contemplated, while at its mouth an effort was made to establish a port, the "City of Port Ontario." This con- templated city was surveyed and platted and for a time promised a growth equal to the most sanguine hopes of its projectors. On April 10, 1837, the Port Ontario Hydraulic Company was incorporated with a capital of $100,000, its purpose being the construction of " a canal from the falls below Pulaski to the village of Port Ontario, along the banks of Salmon River." This was intended to supply Port Ontario with water power. On April 27, 1871, the Salmon River Improvement Company, capitalized at $50,000 in shares of $100 each, was incorpor- ated, with Calvert Comstock, Samuel Dent, William Mahar, Edward Comstock, and Theodore S. Comstock, directors. This corporation had for its object the clearing of the river channel so that logs could float down unobstructed. On June 14, 1884, the Legislature appropriated
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