USA > New York > The natural, statistical, and civil history of the state of New-York, v. 2 > Part 15
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STATE OF NEW-YORK.
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ancient. Here were the original seats of the nation after it had abandoned the erratic condition. The population in western Vir- ginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, and Illinois, and the adjoining parts was the most concentrated and the most dense. The remains in Ohio, and on the Mississippi bottom demonstrate this. . The Mississippi bottom was, it is probable, the focus or centre of the greatest population. The mounds at Kahokia, strengthen this · induction. There were, undoubtedly, several states which were · independent of one another. The Mexican annals mention the countries of Huehuetapallan, Amaquemecan, Teoacolhuacan, Aztlan, &c .- All these countries bordered the one upon the other, and are represented to have been to the north and northwest of Mexico.
The Toltecans, according to the same annals, were banished ; all the others seem to have emigrated voluntarily. The Toltecans were then the pioneers. They opened the way and first settled Mexico. They, beyond all doubt, maintained a correspondence with their countrymen in the north. Small colonies or bodies of emigrants must, from time to time, have followed the Toltecans, after they had established themselves in Anahuac, or Mexico. No written memorials would have been preserved of these ; only great occur- rences attract the notice of historians, especially where literature is confined to a few persons, as was the case with the Toltecans, Mexicans, &c. They had only hieroglyphics, as we have before observed. The way having been opened, establishments having been made, and the fame of the country having reached Huehue- tapallan, Amaquemecan, Teoacolhuacan and Aztlan, others must have emigrated, and ultimately the whole nation. These induc- tions are fortified by the separate and great emigrations of the Che- chemecans, Nahuatlacas, Acolhuans and Aztecks. The latter were divided into seven cantons under different leaders, to wit : the Sochimilcas, the Chalchese, the Tapenecas, the Colhuans, the Tla- huicas, the Tlascalans' and Mexicans. All these cantons kept to- gether and marched in a body till they came to Chicomoztoc. . Here they separated. On their arrival cach canton formed an independent state. All these emigrations were subsequent to that of the Toltecans, and were, it is likely, induced for the purpose of bettering their condition.
160
HISTORY OF THE
The human bodies found in the copperas and saltpetre caves in the states of Tennessee and Kentucky ; and also the body of the Pecari, or Mexican hog found in a cave in the latter state, seem to point out to us that these states were parts of Huehuetapallan, Ama- quemecan, &c. The human bodies were in tolerable preservation, and were shrouded in cloths of the same fabrication as those manu- factured by the Mexicaus in 1521, at the time of the Spanish con- quest. The physiognomy of the bodies was Mexican, not Tartarian. These facts, and we could hardly have stronger ones were we to desire them, announce an identity of origin. The circumstance of the Pecari, is an additional and cogent fact. This animal is an in- digene of Mexico, and cannot exist on this side of the Mississippi, unless sheltered and housed during winter. It must therefore have been brought from Mexico by some of the emigrants or travellers, cither for propagation, or for a spectacle or show. And it must have been entered in the saltpetre cave, to the end that its body might be preserved from destruction.
The defensive works, the tumuli, the implements of war, &c. the utensils of use and ornament, the cloths, the body of the Pecari, and above all, the human bodies, prove to an almost absolute cer- tainty, that the ancient seats of the Toltecans, Acolhuans and Mexi- cans, were along and on this side of the Mississippi ; and that these seats were in the states of New-York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri ; that the seats in New-York and Pennsylvania were broken up and forsaken first, and those in the other subsequently.
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16.1
CHAPTER V.
TABULAR VIEWS, &c.
Catalogues of the tribes and clans of the Mo-hea-kan-neew and Huron nations ; they are not presented as complete ; the time when this might have been done has passed. The colonists of Great Britain, Ireland, and Holland, and their descendants, have not been `particular in collecting facts relative to these nations ; they despised them, and did not consider them as worthy of their notice beyond interest. Hence the facts which we have gathered are mostly in- sulated. Hence little more can be done than compare and me- thodise them. If we should fall into errors, the fault is not to be attributed to us, but to those who have gone before us. In construc- ting the catalogues we shall have to enumerate the tribes and clans of other states and provinces, since only portions of these nations resided in the state of New-York. Mo-hea-kan-neew, and Huron, are used as generic names.
In order to enable the reader to pronounce, we have divided all the words of difficult pronunciation into syllables. The division, in some instances, may be arbitrary.
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162
HISTORY OF THE
MO-HEA-KAN-NEEWS.
Tribes.
Mick-macks - Ma-re-chites Tar-ra-teens, or Abe-na-quis
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Pas-sam-ma-quod-dies
Nor-ridg-e-wocks Ken-ne-becks Pe-nob-scotts
A-mos-cog-gins.
Pis-cat-a-quas.
Ou-ra-ges.
Nob-cuss-etts.
Sa-cos.
Nuch-a-wan-acks.
Pig-wack-etts Coos
Paw-tuck-etts
!
Mas-sa-chu-setts
Wam-pa-no-gas, or Paw-kun-naw- kutts
Nar-ra-gan-setts
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Ni-an-ticks
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Nip-netts, or Nip-mucks
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Nash-a-ways -
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Po-com-tucks, or Poe-om-tucks
Mo-hea-kan-neews
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Mo-he-gans -
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Mo-he-gans
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Mo-hick-an-ders, or River Indians
Won-gungs
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Pod-unks
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Na-was
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Clans.
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Paw-tuck-etts. Pen-ne-kooks. Aga-wo-mes. Naam-keeks. Scha-kooks.
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163
STATE OF NEW-YORK.
Residence.
Nova Scotia. New Brunswick .. Maine. Maine, and New Brunswick. Upper parts of Kennebeck river, Maine.
. On Kennebeck river. On Penobscot river.
In the east and south parts of New Hampshire. Vermont, and the western part of New Hampshire. Essex, and part of Middlesex, in Massachusetts.
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In the counties of Suffolk, Norfolk, and Middlesex.
In the territory of Plymouth, Mass. Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket &c.
In Rhode Island, and the neighboring parts of Mass. & Connecticut. In the counties of Worcester, Hampshire, &c. in the state of Mass. At Hadley, Deerfield, &c. on Connecticut river.
In the northerly parts of Worcester, &c. Mass.
In Berkshire, Mass. and the adjoining parts of New-York, west- wardly to the Hudson.
On and near Connecticut river, in Connecticut, &c.
At Hartford, Windsor, Middlesex, Haddam, &c. In the same parts.
In East Haddam, Chatham, &c. in Connecticut.
In East Hartford, &c.
On Connecticut river, in latitude forty-one deg. forty-eight minutes.
164
HISTORY OF THE
Tribes.
Clans.
Pequods
1
Ne-han-ticks, or Na-ticks
Len-ni Le-nape, or Wo-a-pa- This people formed a confedera- nach-ki - cy consisting of five tribes
Tribes, or Cantons. Ma-hi-can-ni-, or Mohiccons -
Quin-ni-pi-acks
Wi-a-ti-acks
Unk-was
Mo-hic-cons
Man-hat-tans
Ca-nar-sees
- Ca-nar-ses
Rock-a-ways
- Rock-a-ways
Ma-tin-e-cocs
- Man-tin-a-cocks
Me-ri-kokes
· Me-ri-kokes - Mar-sa-pe-a-gues
- Mas-sa-peags.
Se-ca-taugs -
. Si-ca-tugs
Nis-sa-qua-gues
- Nis-sa-qua-gues, or Nip-a-qua-ugs Sa-tauk-etts, or Sea-tol-cotts - - Shin-na-cocks, or Shin-e-cocks -
Cor-chaugs -
- Cor-changs, or Cor-chaugs -
, Patch-o-gues - -
Mon-tauks
- Mon-tauk-etts
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Man-has-setts*
Man-han-setts -
Wa-bin-gas Mo-hick-anders, or San-ki-ka-ni
Mo-hick-and-ers, or River Indians
San-ki-ka-ni
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Min-i-sinks
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- Pomp-tons - Nar-rit-i-congs -
Ca-pi-bin-gas-ses
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.This column is taken from the Hon. Silas Wood's sketch of Long Island .-- See page 44 As he had access to the town records, it is presumable that his orthography is nearest the original.
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Sa-tau-kets and Patch-o-gues
Shin-e-cocs .
165
STATE OF NEW-YORK.
Residence.
At Lyme, and around the mouth of Connecticut river. In the counties of New London, Middlesex, and Windham, in Ct.
In the states of Connecticut, N. Y. N. J. Penn. and Delaware.
In the western parts of Connecticut, and in the countiess of Dutchess,
- Putnam, Westchester, New-York, Kings, Queens, and Suffolk, in New-York.
At New Haven, and the adjoining parts in Connecticut.
At Salisbury, &c.
do.
At Fairfield, &c. .
do.
In Dutchess, Putnam, and Westchester, in N. Y. and the contiguous - parts of Connecticut. .
Manhattan Island, and the southerly part of Westchester, Kings county, &c. on Long Island.
In Jamaica, and Newtown, in Queens county, Long Island, &c. In Huntingdon, Suffolk county, L. I.
Southerly part of Queens, &c.
In Islip, Suffolk county, L. I. In Smithfield, Suffolk county, L. I.
In Brookhaven, Suffolk county. In Southampton, do L. I.
In Easthampton, do do.
On the north side of the island in Suffolk county.
In Suffolk county, at the east end of L. I.
Shelter Island, Suffolk county.
In the counties of Ulster, Orange, and Rockland, in N. Y. and Ber- gen, Morris, &c. in New Jersey.
In the counties of Rockland, Orange, Ulster, &c. in N. Y. also in Middletown, Weathersfield, Hartford, Windsor, &c. in Ct. In the counties of Bergen, Essex, and Middlesex, in New Jersey. At Minisink, &c. in the counties of Orange and Sullivan, N. Y. In the western part of Bergen, &c. N. J. In the county of Sussex, N. J.
166
HISTORY OF THE
Tribes.
L Claus.
Mun-si, Min-si, or Munsey's
Wa-na-mi, or U-na-mi.
Man-taws
Sa-poo-nies -
U-na-mi Me-le-te-cunks -
Nan-tux-ets
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Chi-ho-hock-i Ne-sham-i-nes
Pas-sa-jonks Min-quas
Con-es-to-gas Chugn-u-es.
Formerly called Sah-wau-noo -
Nan-ti-cokes
- Called by the Agoneaseah Skaun- ya-ta-ha-ti-hawk
Co-noys Tu-te-lo-es -
1 Pow-ha-tans -
- By the Agoneaseah named Totaly
Ac-co-macks. Ac-co-ha-nocks. Ap-po-ma-tocks Rap-pa-han-nocks Ar-ro-wha-tocks
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Qui-yough-co-ha.nocks Pa-ta-wo-mekes Se-ca-ca-co-nies. Wigh. co-com-i-coes - We-ro-wo-com-i-coes - -
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·
Ga-che-os, or Gach-pas
Chi-ho-hock-i
Sus-que-han-nocks - Sha-wa-nese, or Shaw-nees
167
STATE OF NEW-YORK.
Residence.
Ibid.
In the states of New York and Pennsylvania, on the upper parts of Delaware river, and thence down that river to the Lehigh. That part of the state of New Jersey which is south of the Rariton. In the counties of Burlington, Gloucester, and Huntingdon.
On the shores of the ocean, between Sandy Hook and Cape May, on the east side of Delaware bay.
In Pennsylvania and Delaware. In the counties of Philadelphia, Delaware, &c. Pennsylvania. In the county of Montgomery, &c.
In the counties of Chester, and New-Castle, in the states of Penn- sylvania and Delaware.
In Lancaster county, Pennsylvania.
On the west side of Susquehanna river and Chesapeake bay.
On the west side of the Susquehanna, and to the north of the Sus- quehannocks.
In the states of Maryland and Delaware, between the Chesapeake and Delaware bays and the ocean.'
The Agoneasean name for Susquehanna was Kau-na-seh-wa-tau-yea. -
On the east and west sides of Chesapeake bay, in Virginia. The Nanticocks and Susquehannocks were on the north, and the Man- ahoacks and Monacans on the west.
On the Appomatux river. On Rappahannock river. On James river below Richmond. On James river, and the river Chickahominy, near Jamestown.
On Potomac river, in the states of Virginia and Maryland.
On the east side of Chesapeake bay: - -
On York river below the mouth of Mattapony.
168
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HISTORY OF THE
Tribes.
Clans.
Chick-a-ha-ma-ni-ans
Pas-pa-heg-hes
Taux-en-ents
Moy-o-wah-cos. -
Kus-car-a-wa-ocks
Cut-ta-wo-mens
Piss-a-secks -
O-naw-ma-ni-ents
Ches-a-peaks Nan-sa-munds
War-ras-squeaks No-cotch-tanks Chis-ki-acks
We-a-nocks
Yough-ta-nunds
Pow-ha-tans - Pay-an-ka-tanks
Nan-taugh-ta-cunds
Mat-ta-po-ments Ac-quin-a-nack-su-acks
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Paw-tux-unts
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169
STATE OF NEW-YORK.
Residence.
On Chickahominy river. On James river below the Appomatocks .. On the Potomac below the District of Columbia.
On the east side of Chesapeake bay. On Rappahannock river.
Do do. On James river near Jamestown.
On Chesapeake bay. On Nansamund river.
On the upper parts of Patuxent river.
On the upper, parts of York river. On James river about Richmond.
On Pyankatank river. On Rappahannock river. On Mattapony river.
On Patuxent river, in Maryland. On do , do.
We shall not attempt a farther enumeration of the Moheakan- neew tribes and clans. Most of those which we have enumerated are now extinct. Ever since the colonization they have been wast- ing. Civilization has been more destructive to them than war. Both however have been active. Besides, the tide of emigration for two hundred years past has been to the west. Before that time it had been east. The Lenni Lenape, or Delawares, retired first to the upper parts of Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, then to the Alleghany, Ohio, Muskingum, &c. At present, some have gone be- yond the Mississippi. The Nanticockes, Conoys, and Tutloes, re- moved from the states of Maryland and Delaware, to Nanticocke falls on the Susquehanna, then to the upper parts of that river, where they settled among the Lenni Lenape ; afterwards they went VOL. II. 22
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170
HISTORY OF THE
westwardly with them. The Shawanese at first broke up their settlements between the Susquehanna river and the Alleghany moun- tain, and retreated to the Alleghany, Monongahelia and Ohio rivers, and afterwards when hard pressed, fell back upon the Hockhock- ing, Sciota, &c. and latterly, many of them have taken stations on the west side of the Mississippi. The Mohegans, Moheakanneews, &cc. or such as remain of them, have gone mostly to Green Bay on the west side of lake Michigan.
The commonwealth or confederation of the Lenni Lenape, was the most extensive and powerful of all the Moheakanneew states. It comprised about thirty thousand square miles, and extended from the Connecticut river on the north-east to the Susquehanna river, and the head of Chesapeake bay on the south-west. ' It was divided into five cantons, to wit : the Mchiccons, the Wabingas or Mohick- anders, the Unami or Wanami, the Munsi or Munseys, and the Chihohocki. The latter tribe or canton, was at the head of the confederacy, as that of the Mohawks was at the head of the Agoneasean confederation. The clans (into which these tribes or cantons were subdivided were numerous, and in some instances considerable, as to numbers, influence, &c. Every clan had one chief or more. The subdivision into clans, has been the source of much confusion among writers.
' The Lenni Lenape were conquered about the time the English began to settle in Virginia, by the Agoneaseah. The war raged with great fury at the time Captain John Smith, (the founder of the potent state of Virginia,) was exploring Chesapeake bay, and its numerous rivers, inlets, &c. A band of the Agoneaseah, whom he calls Massawomnecks, fell in with him and his exploring party, be- tween whorn there was a skirmish that proved disastrous to the former. This band had fought its way down the Susquehanna. The Susquehannocks, Shawanese, &c. were in the utmost consterna- tion. Other bands about the same time, fought their way down the Delaware and Hudson ; vanquishing the Munsi, Chihohocki, Unami, Mohickanders, and Mohiccons.
The Powhatans were the next in power to the Lenni Lenape. Their state, according to the statement of Mr. Jefferson in his notes on Virginia, contained about eight thousand square miles. They
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STATE OF NEW-YORK. . 171
had two thousand four hundred warriors. After the Powhatans, the Narragansetts seem to have formed the most considerable state. They possessed Rhode Island, and some portions of the adjacent states of Connecticut and Massachusetts. Their whole territory contained about two thousand square miles. The writers of New England have informed us, that they liad four thousand fighting men. This may have been the case, but to us it does not appear very probable. The state of Rhode Island, which comprises near- ly all of their country, does not at this day contain eight thousand fighting men : we mean able bodied men, or such as are capable of taking the field-and no man in his senses can doubt that it is at leats six, if not eight times as populous now as it was two hundred years ago. Comparing the number of the Narragansetts warriors with those of the Powhatans, there might have been six or seven hundred, and it is by no means likely they much exceeded that number.
The other Moheakanneew states were much less in extent, and probably not much, if any more populous. They were also much divided. Hence the colonists easily conquered them.
The Lenni Lenape, had they not been conquered and enfeebled by the Agoneaseah, might have been very troublesome to the Dutch and English, and might have greatly retarded their settlements : but they found them exhaused, and experienced few difficulties.
The Delawares or Lenni Lenape, obtained acquisitions to their numbers, by the Indian war of 1675, and 1676, with the united colonies of New England. The remains of several of the van- quished tribes retired westwardly and crossed the Hudson. The barren chronicles of those times inform us, that about two hundred crossed the latter river a little below Albany; and that another band consisting of eighty, halted on the east side of the river at a Dutch village, and presently passed over ; others also followed them. These bands were cordially received by their more fortunate countrymen, living west of the Hudson. The before named bands fled from Ausotunnoog near Stockbridge in Massachusetts, whither they had been pursued.
The colonists of New England waged a war of extermination. Very few Indians have lived since then in that country.
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172 - 173
HISTORY OF THE
The Lenni Lenape, Nanticockes, and, Conoys, made common cause with the Agoneaseah in the revolution against the United States. Their depredations were mostly confined to New-York and Pennsylvania. Their position in this state enabled them to make incursions with facility into both states. Those who resided on the Muskingum, Sciota, Sandusky, and other streams in Ohio ravaged the back settlements of Pennsylvania and Virginia. The Shawnese and Mingoes united with them. Since the revolution, the Lenni Lenape, Shawnese, Miamies, and some other tribes have been at war with the United States. In 1791, they gained a sig- nal victory over the American forces, under Gen. St. Clair. For some time after this, they greatly distressed the frontier settlers of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky, by their frequent inroads and burnings, and by murdering the inhabitants, or leading them into captivity. Gen. Wayne in 1794, gave peace to the frontier people of these states, by defeating the collected forces of these tribes. The Lenni Lenape, Shawnees and Miamies are no longer dreaded by our border settlers.
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174
HISTORY OF THE
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HURONS.
Tribes.
Clans.
Hurons, or T. Son-non-ta-tex
Tah-sa-gron-dies U-ta-was
Ot-tau-wah, or Ot-tau-wahs (Ottowas) -
Di-non-da-dies, or Tui-non-da-decks (Colden & Smith,) Amihouis Wy-an-dotts - - Wam-pa-nos.
Erigas, Erians, or Andastes, called also Kan-neas-to-ka-ro-ne-ah -
Quatoghies, or Owenagungies -
A-go-nea-se-ah, a long house,
Many fires.
A-ga-nus-chi-o-ni, (the same)
do
Let-c-nugh-sho-nce, (the same)
do
Gwhun-nugh-sho-nce, (the same)
do
Haugh-gogh-nuch-shi-o-nee (the same) do On-gue Honwee, (Men surpassing all others.) Ke-nunc-ti-o-ni.
Mas-sa-wo-meeks, Min-gos, Ma-quas, Meng-wee. Iroquois, or Five Nations.
Te-hur-le-ho-gugh, (court name) the Mohawks
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Con-ning-ga-haugh-gaugh, (common name) do.
Cay-in-ga-hau-gas,
do
do.
Te-haw-re-ho-geh, or Tea-kaw-re-a-ho-geh do.
Te-kau-te-rig-te-go-nes,
do.
Mohawks, (this word is Moheakanneew.)
Agniers, (the French called them by this name.) Schaugh-nac-ta-das -
Oh-sa-ra-kas
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Oh-no-wal-a-gan-tles
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Scho-ha-ries
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I-can-de-ra-goes
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175
STATE OF NEW-YORK.
.
Residence.
In Upper Canada, between lakes Erie, Huron, and Ontario, and also in the territory of Michigan.
Between lakes Erie and Huron, and around Detroit, in 1722.
On and near Grand or Utawas river, in Lower Canada. Formerly also in Ohio and Michigan.
On the banks of Sandusky river, on the shores of lake Erie, Ohio. Sandusky was once called Kea-tga-no-skeh.
In the vicinity of lake Michigan.
In the territory of Michigan. -
On the south side of lake Erie, Ohio. . They sprung from the Sen- ecas, and at first occupied the country between Genesee and Nia- gara rivers.
Loretto, Lower Canada.
In New-York and Pennsylvania ; chiefly in the former state be- tween the Hudson and lake Erie. They were known by various designations. We have noticed the principal. The seven first enumerated were more or less in use among them. The eighth is the Powhatan name. The eleventh the Lenni Lenapian. The tenth the Dutch. The twelfth the French, and the thirteenth the English. We intend to use the sonorous "word Agoneaseah.
In the counties of Green, Albany, Saratoga, Warren, Montgome- ry, Schenectady, Schoharie, Otsego, Herkimer, &c. on the banks and islands of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, and Schoharie . creek. The greatest number of villages were along the Mohawk.
On the west side of the Hudson, at Albany, and its vicinity. At Stillwater, Saratoga, &cc. . At and around Schenectady.
At Schoharie and Middleburg, in Schoharie county. In 1713 they had about three hundred warriors.
At Fort Hunter, &c. on the Mohawk, Montgomery county.
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170
HISTORY OF THE
Tribes.
Clans.
Caugh-na-wa-gas Os-we-gatch-ies Can-a-jo-ha-ries No-wa-da-gas
. Kow-o-go-con-nugh-ha-rie-gugh-ha- ries
Oneidas, O-ney-do-es, (common name.)
Tau-hur-lin-dagh-go-waugh, (court name) O-ni-yu-ta-augh-a, O-ni-yu-ta.
O-ne-yuts, O-tat-sigh-tes, Ne-haw-re-tah-go, or Hogh-na-you-tau- agh-taugh-caugh.
Let-tegh-segh-ni-gegh-tee, (court name) -
O-non-da-gas, O-non-da-go-es, (common name.)
O-ne-daugh-ga-haugh-ga.
Seuh-now-ka-ta. Tha-to-dar-hos.
Soon-noo-daugh-we-no-wen-da, (court name of the Cayugas.) Sho-nea-na-we-to-wah.
Que-yu-gwe-haugh-ga, (the common name.)
Que-yu-gwe.
Cayugas. Sho-no-no-wen-dos.
Te-how-nea-ny-o-hunt.
Te-en-nen-hogh-huut, (the Senecas court name.)
Chit-o-won-e-augh-gaw, (the common name.) Senecas, (we have given them this name.)
T. Son-non-thu-ans, or T. Son-non-tou-ans. Sha-de-ka-ron-ges.
Mingos, or Mingoes
Co-hun-ne-wa-go-es Augh-quag-has
STATE OF NEW-YORK.
Residence.
At and about Caughnawaga, Montgomery county.
. At and about Anthony s Nose, Montgomery county.
At Canajoharie, ccc. on both banks of the Mohawk, Montgomery co. At Danube, &c. on the Mohawk, Herkimer county. They had two castles, the lower and the upper ; the former was on the south side of the river, just above the mouth of East Canada creek ; the latter was on the same side on the Nowadaga, a mile and a half higher up.
At Germanfiats, Herkimer county ; they had castles and several villa- lages ; one of these was opposite the village of Herkimer, on the south side of the river.
In the counties of Oneida, Madison, and Chenango, on Sauquait, Oriskinny, Oneida, Fish, and Canasaraga creeks, and on Che- nango river. The main body was on Oneida creek, at and about the castle. The Oneidas had some villages on Chenango river.
At Onondago Hollow, on Onondaga creek, on Seneca and Oswego rivers, on the shores of Otisco and Skaneateles lakes, in the coun- ties of Onondaga and Oswego. The Onondagas had five villa- ges on Onondaga creek, in an extent of eight miles. Onondaghara, or Onendagharie, was the largest; it is three miles south of Onon- daga hollow, and contains at present about fifty houses.
Around Cayuga lake along Seneca outlet, and along the east side of . Seneca lake, in the counties of Cayuga, Seneca, Tompkins, &c. Canoga, on the east side of Cayuga lake was their principal town. It is three miles south of the long bridge over the lake.
On the west side of Seneca lake around Canandaigua, along Genesee river on Tonnawanta plains formerly called Ke-dau-ych-ko-wau, Buffalo and Cataraugus creeks, at tbe reservations along the Via- gara and Alleghany rivers, &c. in the counties of Ontario, Li- vingston, Genesec, Niagara, Erie, Cattaraugus, &c. &c. The Agoneaseah called the Niagara, O-ny-a-kar-ra.
On Ohio river, &c. below Pittsburgh, in Penn. Va. and Ohio. The Mingoes were mostly from the Cayuga canton.
In the state of Ohio, &c. near Sandusky.
At Oquago, &c. in Broome co. N. Y. Mostly from the Seneca canton. VOL. II
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178
HISTORY OY THE
Tribes:
Clans.
Con-na-se-da-go-es Caugh-ne-wa-gas Os-we-gatch-ies -
Monacans, Tuscarorees, or Kau-ta-noh - Mo-na-cans. Mas-sic-ca-pa-no-es. Mas-sin-a-cacs. Mo-na-has-sa-no-es. Mo-he-me-ne-ho-es.
Kau-ta-no-ha-kau. Kau-wet-sa-ka. Tus-ca-ro-ra. See Cusick's sketchss of the Six Nations: Observation .- According to Cusick the Turcaroras called them- selves Kau-ta-noh, and were divided as last above.
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STATE OF NEW-YORK. 179
Residence.
On the St. Lawrence, near Montreal. At St. Regis, N. Y. & L. Canada. From the Mohawk canton. On Oswegatchie and St. Lawrence rivers. From the Mohawk canton.
The three first were colonies ; the others were emigrants from the Mohawk canton.
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