USA > New York > Westchester County > Westchester County, New York, during the American Revolution > Part 20
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One of the nuet important political movements in which New York
"reign " whose recognized authority it had so boldly assailed. That narrative was duly published ; and, at the expense of repeating some matters of which mention has been already made, as an important portion of the historical literature of Westchester- county, a place is made for it, in this work. It was in the following words :
" WHITE PLAINS, IN THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER " the 11th day of April 1775. "On the 28th day of March last, the following "Gentlemen having received letters from the Chair- "man of the Committee of the City and County of "New-York relative to the appointment of Deputies " for this County, met at this place for the purpose of " devising means for taking the Sense of this County " upon the Subject, viz :
" Col. Lewis Morris, Theodosius Barlow, Esq., 4
"Thomas Hunt, William Sutton, Esq.,
" Abraham Leggot, Capt. Joseph Drake,
" James Horton, Jr., Esq., James Willis,
"Stephen Ward, Benjamin Drake,
".Abraham Guion, Esq., Moses Drake,
"who having taken the Same into consideration, "agreed to send the following notification to the "principal freeholders in the different Towns aud " districts in the County, viz-
"' March 28th, 1775. "'SIR. A number of gentlemen from different dis- "'triets in the county of Westchester having this "'day met at the White Plains to Consider of the "'most proper method of taking the Sense of the "' Frecholders, of the said County, upon the Expedi- """eney of choosing Deputies to meet the Deputies of ". the other Counties, for the purpose of Electing
known opposition to the great body of its inhabitants, anl in the face of a formal Profest of a larger number, by only a factional minority, in the interest of an aspiring politician, and white that minority was stag- gering under the evil influences of the New Enghurl Rmin which had been freely dispensed, for that particular purpose.
" The narrative, signed by " Lewis Monats, Chairman," already re- ferred to, has afforded a sufficient authority, for all that has been mail, in the text, concerning the Meeting, after the protestants had left the Courthouse.
+ Although the name was thus written, in the original manuscript, there can be no doubt that referente was made to The vlosius Bartow, secon I son of the Rev. John Bartow, the first Rector of the Parish of Westchester. Mr. Bartow sul-equently hell the comfortable and profit- alle place of a "Commissary at New Rochelle:" and his sons, enice- quently Rector of St. Matthew's Church, at Bedford) hold the profitable place of thearter-arister, in the First Westchester county Regiment.
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71
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
""" delegates to represent this Colony in the General ". Congress to be held at Philadelphia on the loth of i "ority consisted.
". May next, are of opinion that the best way of pro- "'reeding for that purpose, will be to have a general "' Meeting of the Freeholders of the Said County.
" As this County is very Extensive we take the lib- "'erty of recommending the meeting to be hell at "' the White Plains on Tuesday the lith day of April " After the business of the day was thus concluded, "'next at ten o'clock in the forenoon at the Court . "the people gave three Huzzas for our gracious ". House, and therefore do desire you, to give notice "Sovereign and dispersed quickly ' without the least " disorder .. "' of the Same to all the freeholders in your district, "'without exception, as those who do not appear and "LEWIS MORRIS, Chairman." : "'vote on that day, will be presumed to acquiesce "'in the Sentiment of the majority of those who vote. "' We are, &c.'
" The above notice having been generally given "and distributed, a very numerous body of the Free- "holders of the County assembled at the Court " House at the White Plains, on this day, and chose, " Col. Lewis Morris for their Chairman.
"An inconsiderable number of Persons (among " whom were many tenants not entitled to a vote) with "Isaae Wilkins, Esq., and Col. Philipse at their " head, then appeared, and Mr. Wilkins in their be- " balf as he said, declared that they would not join " in the business of the day or have anything to " do with Deputies or congresses, but that they came " there, for the sole purpose of protesting against " such illegal and unconstitutional proceedings, after " which they departed.
" The following Question was then put to the peo- "ple by the chairman, viz :
"' Whether they would appoint Deputies for this "'eounty, to meet the Deputies of the other counties "'at the city of New York on the 20th of April in- "'stant, for the purpose of electing delegates to re- "' present this colony in the general congress to be "'held at Philadelphia on the 10th day of May '' next.'
"To which Question they unanimously answered that they would.
" They then appointed the following eight persons, " or the majority of them, to be the deputies of this " county, for the purposes aforesaid, viz :
"Col. Lewis Morris, John Thomas, Jr., Esq.,
" Stephen Ward, Jonathan Piatt, Esq.,
" Samuel Drake, Esq., Robert Graham. Esq.,
"Col. James Holmes, Major Philip Van Courtlandt.
"The two following Resolves were then unani- " monsly Entered into, viz :
"Resolved, that the thanks of this Body be given to " the virtuous minority of the general Assembly of "this Province, and particularly to John Thomas and " Pierre Van Cortlandt, Esqrs., two of our representa- "tives for their firm attachment to and zeal. on a late "occasion for the preservation of the Union of the " Colonies and the rights and liberties of America ; "and that this Resolve be communicated by the
"chairman, to every gentleman of whom that min-
" Resolerd, That the thanks of this country is due .
" to the delegates who composed the late congress for " the Essential Services they have rendered to Amer- "ica in general, and that this Resolve be forthwith "published.
In the proceedings of the revolutionary faction, after its Meeting was organized, probably because of a consciousness of its own relative weakness within the County, there was an evident attempt to appear, at least, to be fair and honest in whatever was said or done-no personalities or "harsh words, of any kind, appear to have been used against those who en- tered its Meeting, and respectfully protested against the organization and doings and purposes of that Meeting ; the County, as such, was not referred to, in either of the two Resolutions which were adopted, the thanks of nothing else than those who were then present and voting having been voted to the minor- ity of the General Assembly, while an obligation then due to the Continental Congress, which rested on the entire country, if that Meeting was not misinformed, was simply recognized by it, without an attempt being made for the liquidation of even its own por- tion of the debt-it gave its thanks to the minor- ity of the Colonial Assembly ; but it had no thanks to spare for the Continental Congress ;- no attempt was made, then or afterwards, to exult over the results of the Meeting ; the narrative written by the Chairman of the Meeting continued that commendable courtesy ; and, the principal purpose of the Meeting, if not its only purpose, the restoration of the Morris family to . the political life from which it had been exelnded, having been accomplished, the peace of the County, for the present, was not further disturbed ; although it is scarcely possible that every one continued, thenceforth, to regard all his neighbors with the saine friendly feelings which had bound them togeth- er, during the past.
While the Meeting at the Courthouse was thus quietly engaged in the continued discharge of " the " business of the day," those who had protested, before it, against the call for the Meeting as well as against its proposed proceedings, returned to Captain Hat- field's Tavern, where they were joined, during the afternoon, by " many of their friends ;" and " they
1 In some of the re-prints of this paper, this word is called " quietty : " we have preferred to use the word which was used by the author, in the original mannerint.
" This is an exact copy of the original maunscript, which was used as the Credentials of the Deputies and has been preserved in the Credentials of Inlegales, Volume xxiv, Page 25, Historical Maurerit's raining to the War of the Revolution, in the Office of the Secretary of State, at Aibany.
72
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
" proceeded to draw up and sign a Declaration, which "they aremed to do," it is said, " with as much pat- "riotic zeal as ever warmed the hearts of true and " faithful Subjeets; and, afterwards, they dispersed to "their different habitations.1"
A narrative of the events was subsequently written, probably by Isaac Wilkins, and, with the Declaration affixed, it was printed in the newspapers of the day, where, from that day to this, they have remained, serving as authorities in the history of that period. The narrative and the Declaration are in these words :
" County of Westchester, April 13, 1775. " MR. RIVINGTON,
"Be pleased to insert the following, and you will "oblige a number of your Friends and Subscribers :
0 N Thursday the 11th inst. a very respectable num- ber of freeholders and inhabitants of the county "of Westchester, assembled at the White Plains, in "the said County, agreeable to notice given, that "their sentiments might be known concerning the " choice of a committee, to meet other committees in "the city of New-York, for the purpose of choosing "delegates to represent this colony in the next Con- "tinental Congress.
" The friends to order and government met at the " house of Captain Hatfield. Those who were for "a committee, put up at another public house in "the town. About 12 o'clock word was brought to "the gentlemen at Captain Hatfield's that the oppo- " site party had already entered upon the business of "the day. Upon which they immediately walked "down to the Courthouse, although not half of their "friends who were expected, had yet appeared ; where " they found the other company collected in a body. " The numbers on each side seemed to be nearly " equal, and both together might amount to 200, or " at most 250. The friends to government then de- " clared, that as they had been unlawfully called to- "gether, and for an unlawful purpose, they did not "intend to contest the matter with them by a poll, " which would be tacitly acknowledging the author- "ity that had summoned them thither ; but that they " came only with a design to PROTEST against all "such disorderly proceedings, and to show their de- "testation of all unlawful committees and con- ' gresses. They then declared their determined "resolution to continue stedfast in their allegiance to "their gracious and merciful sovereign King George " the Third-to submit to lawful authority, and to " abide by and support the only true representatives " of the people of this colony, the General Assembly. "Then giving three huzzas, they returned to Captain " Hatfield's, singing as they went, with loyal enthusi- " asmi, the good and animating song of,
1 The Inclaration hero referred to, forme a portion of the Protest which is published, in full, ou this paze, below, and on page 73 prost., and the reader is Iefort-I to it, in that ; lave.
**** | save great George our King, "Lere live our noble King, &c.'
" At their return, finding that many of their friends " had arrived during their absence, and that many "still kept coming in, they proceeded to draw up, and' " sign the following declaration, which they seemed to "do with as much patriotie zeal, as ever warmed the "hearts of true and faithful subjects, and afterwards " dispersed to their different habitations.
"E the subscribers, frecholders and inhabitants of the county of Westchester, having asseni- "' bled at the White Plains, in consequence of certain ""advertisements, do now declare, that we met here to "'express our honest abhorrence of all unlawful con- "i gresses and comittees, and that we are determined ""at the bazard of our lives and properties, to sup- ". port the King and Constitution, and that we ac- "'knowledge no representatives but the General "' Assembly, to whose wisdom and integrity we sub- "'mit the guardianship of our rights and privileges.
" . Frederick Philipse, Jueoh Post,
" . Isaac Wilkins, Joseph Gidney,
" . Samnel Seabury, James Baxter,
". Luke Babcock, John Hart,
".Jonathan Fowler, Judge, Cornelius Losee,
.. . Caleb Fowler, Judge, Jesse Park,
9 Jonathan P. Horton, Esq : Roger Purdy. jun.
** * William Sutton, ErQ .; Gilbert Pugsley,
" . Daniel Oakly, Esq. ; Abraham Leadlenu,
'' Benjamin Fowler, Esq. ;
Benjamin Brown,
" . William Davids, Esq. ;
**. William Anderson, Esq. ; " . William Barker, Esq. ;
Moses Weymen,
". Capt. Abra. Hathell, Esq .; Israel Underhill,
". Natha Underhill, Mayor, John Baisley,
": " George Cornwell, Esq. : David Oakley, jun.
": Philip Pell, Esq. :
Isaac Smith,
". Joshua Pell,
John Hyatt.
". James Pell, Ilezekinh Cudney,
" : Edward Pell,
Abraham Odell,
" : John Hunt. Thomas Lawrence,
John Serson,
". Adrian Leforge, Jeremiah Travis,
" . Joshua Gidney. Griffen Corey,
.: . Jonathan Gillney.
Isan Fersheu,
" . Lieut. Jonathan Purdy, Gabriel Hequeaw,
Samuel Webb,
"' Solomon Gidney,
Benjamin Downing.
"'James Whetmore,
" "Moses Williams.
John Haight,
Thomas Veal,
" . Isane Brown,
James Pierce,
Edward Bugbe,
** James Hains, .. . Joseph Hains, Jun.
David Haight, Sylvanus Lyon,
" ' James Hains, Jun.
Daniel Haight,
" . Matthew Hains,
John Williams,
Joseph Purdy,
. . Bartholomew Hains, ". Gilbert lains, "John Hains,
Ezekiel Halstead,
John Hunt, jun.
Isaac Keed.
Aaron Buis,
" ' Gilbert Horton,
1. . Joseph Bude,
Gabriel Archer, Elias Seeord,
" ' Philip Kelly,
73
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
.. . Elijah Hains, .. . Lient. Sobommen Fowler. .. . Isaac Willianis, " . John M.Collum, " . Joseph Clark, ". Joseph Oukly, ". . Caleb Ferris, " . Capt. Benjamin Griffen, ". Caja. Joshua Purdy,
" .. Jame, Mott. .. . Ligue. William Inensberry, Gilbert Hatfield. .. . Lieut. Samuel Purdy, .. 'John Rutin,
.. . Nathim O-bern,
.. . Philemon Halstead, .. . Daniel Purly, ** * John Crab,
Thomas Meritt, Gilbert Bates, John Giney, Stephen Arnode.
"' Ezariah Whetmore, "' Capt. Absolom Gidney,
"' David Haight, "' John Brown, ". Jasper Stivers, ": Peter M.Farthing, " 'Joshna Purdy, jun.
.. : Hnecalich Parly, jun. ' . James Tomkins, "' Michael Chatterton, ". Elnathan Taylor, "' Gilbert Theal, " . William Saxen,
"' Thomas Champenits, " . John Champenirs, " . William Geithu, ' 'Isaac Gidney. " 'John Bates, .. 'Joseph Haviland, " . Eleazer Hart. ""' Timothy Whetmore, ". James Hunt.
". Joseph Parker, ** 'Joshua Pains, ". Joseph Purdy, .. . John Park
" ' Samnel Purdy, " . Gilbert Purdy, " James Chatterton, ":John Dusenbargh, " .. Thomas Cromwell. "Solomon Hor.on. **. Peter Busing.
Elijah Purdy. jun.
Elijah Tomkins,
Daniel Jerow.
Charles Lawrence,
Joseph Purdy, jun. Jannes Sniffen, jun. Thomas Valentine,
Lieut. Peter Bonet,
Isaac Merit, Edward Merit,
John Gale, John Smith,
. Lient. Daniel Kuap, .. . Solomon Deau, .. . Charles Vincent, sen. ". Lieut. Thomas llyat, James Gidney, " William Woodward, ".Jonathan Budd, ". John Whetmore, ". William Underhill, ". Thomas Brown, " . Lieut. Isane Gidney, " . Nehemiah Tomkins, "' Henry Leforge,
": Evert Brown, " Benjamin Beyea, ". Bartholomew Gidney.
" . Josiah Brown, ". . Seth Purdy, "' Peter Huggeford, ": Jacob Gidney, " . John Loce,
". Eluathan Appleby,
".John Baker, ".Jonathan Underhill. " . James M'Chain, " Benjamin Seacord, " . Joshua Hunt,
.. . Betts Chatterdon, *** William Landrine,
"'Enoch Hunt, " Peter Corne, ". Dennis Kennedy, " . James Tains,
". Andrew Bainton,
". 'Hezekiah Simmons, " Nathaniel Tomkins, ". . Caleb Archer,
"' Benjamin Bugbee,
": Francis Pardy,
" . William Odell, "'Israel Hunt.
""'Thomas Tomkins,
"' Frederick Underhill, " " Peter Post,
"'Benjamin M'Cord,
James Hill,
" : John Williams, Williva Watkins,
" John Ackerman,
John Rustin.
" ' Peter Unsting, " . Thomas Barker, William Ascongh,
". Jeremiah Hunter
Bishop Heustice,
". Abraham Storm, .. . Peter Jenning,
James Miller, Phineas Innt,'
"The following persons, not being able to attend at "the Plains, requested by their Friends that their " names might be added to the list of protestors, viz. :
" John Hunt, Esq., " Philip Palmer, Esq., " Jolin Hitchcock,
Jereminh Hitchcock,
William Bond, Joseph Bond.
" The foregoing account is strictly true, as can be
Roger Purdy. James Hart, jun. Jonathan Purdy, jun. Monmouth Hart, jun. Christopher Purdy, Gabriel Purdy, Edward Merit, jun. Elijah Miller, Henry Disborough, Benjamin liunt, Elnathan Hunt, William Van Wart, Abraham Storm, Thomas Berry, Laneaster Underhill, Charles Merit,
Benjamin Uuderhill,
Benjamin Griffin, jun.
Jeremiah Ceon,
John Hall, James Angevine, Jacob Coon, Jeremiah Anderson, jun.
Gilbert Williams,
William Barker, jun.
Gideon Arden, William Field, Joseph Purdy, George Storm, Jacob Vermiller, Samuel Hensted, Bartow Underhill,
Lient. John Warner,
Nathaniel Purdy,
Isaac Bennet, Samuel Baker, John Cornwell, John Storm, Andrew Fowler,
Joshua Secord,
George French,
John Underhill, Caleb Gidney, William Underhill, jun.
.: . Peter Busing. jun. ". James Kniffen, " Nathaniel Underhill, jun. Gilbert Valentine, Abraham Rich, Andrew Gerow. Gilbert Hunter,
". . Philip Fowler. " "John M'Farthing, " .Jolin Tomkins, ... Joseph Hart. ·· · Sammel Sneden, .. . Peter Fa-lee,' " + Jesse Lawrence, ". William Suelen,
Elijah Party, Abrahams Losee, I-aae Tomkins, William Grey, Nathaniel Merit, Joseph Pulling, Hendiriens Storie, Francis Secord, John Parker,
Gabriel Purdy, Alexander Haines,
Benjamin Ogd. n,
Israel Secord. John Arnode,
David l'urdy,
Davil Belcher.
Jordan Downing, Levi Devoe,
Abraham Acker,
Corn. Van Tassel!,
Elisha Merit,
Jacob Sehureman,
Joseph Appleby, John Tomkins, jun.
Job Hadden, jun. Patrick Carey,
James Hart,
Gilbert Ward,
Monmouth Hart,
William Dunlap, Joshua Ferris.
Timothy Purdy, James Maguire, James Regnaw, Daniel Shadin.
Samuel Purdy, Sylvanus Purdy, William Dalton, David Davids,
Richard Baker,
74
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
" proven by the testimony (or if necessary by the affi- " davits) of a number of persons, of the most unques- " tionable character in this county. What then must " we think of such persons as have propagated a report, " that the friends of government were npon this occa- "sion ont-numbered 5 to 1, and that many of the " persons whose names were subscribed to the fore- "going Declaration, were not on that day present at "the White Plains? They must be conscious to " themselves, that they have spread abroad a falsehood, "and they are hereby called upon if they dare to set "their names to those assertions.
"In what manner thuse Gentlemen who chose the The promoters of the Meeting were evidently only a minority of those present, at the Courthouse, on " Committee at the Plains proceeded, we cannot posi- "tively say : But this we can declare with truth, that | that memorable eleventh of April : and it is equally "we do not believe they can produce to the publie "the names of an hundred and fifty persons who " voted for a Committee that day, and we are verily " persuaded that they did their utmost to make their "party as numerous as possible. How then can they "justify their choice of a Committee? Or how can "they presume to impose upon the world, and to " insult the loyal county of Westchester, in so bare- "faced a manner ?
" It is well-known here, that two-thirds at least of " the inhabitants of this county, are friends to order " and government, and opposed to Committees and all " unlawful combinations 1 ; and it will be made ap- " parent to the world, that they are so, as soon as " certain resolves now signing freely by the people, " shall be ready for publication .- And one principal " reason why the friends to government did not assem- "ble in greater numbers than they did on Tuesday "last, was, that many of them had already, by sign- "ing those resolves, testified their loyalty to the " King, their attachment to the constitution, their "enmity to Committees, and their acquiescence in the "prudent measures taken by their Assembly in the "late session, for accommodating the unhappy differ- " ences between the mother country and the colonies ; "and consequently thought they had already done "their duty.2
"The Committee that was chosen, may, with some " kind of propriety, be said to represent those partic- "ular persons who chose them : But how they can "be denominated the representatives of the County "of Westehester, who in general abhor Committees " and Committee-men ; and are determined to take " no steps that may have the least tendency to lead "them into Rebellion, we cannot conceive. Certainly " the friends to government who were collected at "Captain Hatfield's, had a better right, from their
number, to determine that there should be no Cout- " mittee, than the opposite party had to appoint one. "and night with much greater propriety be said to "shew the sense of the county, than the few who "acted without authority, and in direct opposition to "government, and to the determinations of our worthy "Assembly. And we doubt not but the impartial "publie will consider the matter in this light, and " not esteem the art of a few individuals, unlawfully "assembled, as the act (which it most assuredly is "not) of the very respectable, populous and loyal coun- "ty of WESTCHESTER."3
evident that if those who were opposed to them had pursued a different line of conduct and had joined issue with them, on the main question, the weight of the County would have been emphatically east on the side of the conservatives, and in opposition to the election of Delegates to the proposed Convention. But the majority, very correctly, considered that were it to assert its undoubted power, within the Meeting, and to participate in the proceedings of that Meeting, no matter for what pupose, it would be a tacit acknowledgment of the authority to do so, of those who had called the Meeting; and it confined itself, therefore, to simply protesting against the en- tire proceedings, as disorderly and revolutionary, without appearing to have remembered that political revolutions never move backward, voluntarily ; and that there was not the slightest reason for supposing that, in that particular instance, in the absence of all restraint, there would be an exception to that general law. Whether the majority, in that instance, acted wisely or unwisely, is a question which the reader must determine for himself: it is not, in the slightest degree, probable, however, that the great movement which was then in progress, and which ended only in the entire separation of the thirteen Colonies from the Mother Country, was either assisted or obstructed, in the slightest degree, by that peculiar opposition, from the conservative yeomanry of Westchester- county.
The Provincia! Convention duly assembled at the Exchange, in the City of New York, on the twentieth of April, 1775, the Counties of New York, Albany, Ulster, Orange, Westchester, Duchess, Kings, Suffolk, and two Towns in Queens, being, more or less, repre- sented by Delegates-of the Delegation which had
" This very important paper was published in Rivington's New- York (eller, No. UG, New York, Thursday, April 20, 1775, and, in Gaine's Non-York tiucette: and the Weekly Mercury, No. 1297. NEW-YORK, Moll- day.April 17th, 1755.
The entire paper, including the signatures, as they appear in the text, was very carefully copied from the original publication, in Rivington's New-York forcelleer, already referred to.
Those who are familiar with the history of Westchester county will recognize, among the showers to this Hotel, mentre of a great number of the leading families of that ancient County.
1 Vide pazes 40, 42, ante.
" The " Resolves," referred to in the text, are undoubtedly those which were re-produced en page 43, ante. They originated in Duchess-county, which, at that time, extended, southward, too West- chester county; and it is under towel that they were widely circulated throughout the former County, and, to a considerable extent, through- ont Westchester-county.
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75
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
Yven elected by the Meeting at the White Plains, all viste present, except Conel James Holmes and Jonathan Platt.
After -jeteling nearly two day- in the adjustment of it-, som times, very questionable membership,' Image Los and John Haring, who had been members ; ment into which the entire Continent was consequent- of the grise ing Congress, having declined re-elve- ly plunged ; the entire disregard of the Royal author- ity, in the City of New York, which immediately followed; the temporary fortification of the pass, at Kingsbridge ; and the control, within the City, which the Committee of Inspection necessarily assumed, are, all of them, matters of history, known to all intelli- gent persons, and need not be repeated, in this place. ti .... the Convention adopted a Resolution re-elect- ; Pathy Livingston, James Duane, John Jay, and J ... Whoop. all of the City of New York ; Simon : .. ... of Kings county ; William Floyd, of Suffolk; an : Henry Wisner, of Orange-county; all of whom tallen Members of that Congress; and added to :1. ta, Colonel Philip Schuyler, of Albany-county ; George Clinton, of Ulster-county; Colonel Lewis Mor- ris, of Westebester-county; Robert R. Livingston, Jumior, of Duchess county ; and Francis Lewis, of the City of New York ; as Delegates from the Colony of New York to the second Congress of the Continent ; and, on Saturday, the twenty second of April, after the Credentials of the Delegates-elect had been signed by every member of the Convention,2 that body hav- ing been called for the single purpose of electing Delegates to the Congress, it was adjourned, sine die.ª
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