USA > New York > Westchester County > Westchester County, New York, during the American Revolution > Part 29
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1 Peroni Platt was a member of the first County Committee, appointed in May, 1775. The Hon. Lewis C. Plalt, formerly Suingate of the County, is his grandson.
" Historienl Mannscripts relating to the Wur of the Recolution : Military Returns, xxvii., 231.
3 James Varian was a member of the first County Committee, chosen in May, 1775.
4 Anthony Miller was elected to the command of the Company, at the vocoad Election, in December, 1775.
Nicholas Frher was a member of the County Committee, in Fob- ruary, 1776. (Hestwind Manuscripts, ate .: Military Returns, xxVII., $4.) " Letter from hubert Graham to the Provin ad Congress, " WHITE PLAINS, "Derrotar 215, 1775." (Historical Manuscripts, etc .: Military Returns, xxvii., 216 ;. )
I Junies Miller appears to have held offices, subsequently, in the New York Regiments, commandled by Colonels Hitzema, Gansevoort, and Van Cortlandt ; Int, inasmuch as there were several person- bearing that Dane -- two, at the sune time, in the same Regiment, braring exactly apposite characters-it is not, new, known which, if either, was the Imutlu i.lar James Miller who is named In the text.
kinh Grey, for its First Lieutenant;" Ephraim Ray- mond, for its Second Lieutenant ; and Gabriel Higgins. for its Ensigit.
The District of Poundridge eiccted Joseph Lock- wood, for its Captain ; Noah Bouton, for its First Lien- tenant ; William Fausher, for its Second Lieuten- ant; and Gilbert Reynolds, for its Ensign.'
The District which included the southern portion of Salem elected Abijah Gilbert, for its Captain ; 10 Ja- cob Hait, for its First Lieutenant ; Sands Raymond, for its Second Lieutenant; and Joseph Coley, for its En- sign.
The District which included the northern portion of Salem elected Thaddeus Crane, for its Captain ; 11 Jesse Truesdale, for its First Lieutenant; Ezekiel Halley, for its Second Lieutenant; # and Ebenezer Brawn, for its Ensign. For some reason, the Captain- elect and the Ensign-elect " did not take their Com- "missions;" and on the eighteenth of December, 1775, a new Election resulted in the choice of Jesse Trues- dale for Captain; Ezekiel Hawley, for First Lieuten- ant ; Solomon Close, for Second Lieutenant ; and Eli- jah Dean, for Ensign."
The Companies at Scarsdale White Plains and Brown's Point, Bedford, Poundridge, Salem, Mama- roneck and Rye, Harrison's Precinct, and North- castle, eleven in number, which were thus reorgan- ized and re-officered, were known as the Middle Bat- talion of Westehester-county of which, soon after- wards, Thomas Thomas was made Colonel ; " Gilbert
>Hezekiah Gray waa ebosett Captain of the Bedforl Company of Min- nte.men, in February, 1776, (Historical Manuscripts, etc. : Mildtery Re- turex, xxvii., 10;) a Report on the military status of which Company. may be seen in Heterical Manuscripts, etc. : Miscellaneous Papers, XXXIX., 323. He and his Company, although not regularly enlisted, were or- Here to join the Continental Troops, at Peekskill (Historien Mocen scripts, etc. : Miwellturnus Papers, xxxix., 325.)
" In April, 1777, Gilbert Reynolds was a member and "Clarck" of the beat Committer of Cortlandt Manor, (Fenceedings of the Committee, "COMEy-MASSER, April 20, 1777"-Historien Manuscripts, etc. : Mis- rollenews Papers, xxxvii., 391.)
10 Alijah Gilbert was a member of the County Conanittee, from Salem, 1776-7; and be represented Westchester county in the Assembly of the State, in 1770-'80, 1781-2, 17-2-3, 1784, 1781-5, 1758, 1758, 1791, 1500, 1.500-'0, 1802, 1803, 1-04, and 1804-5.
11 Thaddeus Crane was appointed Second Major of the Regiment ; and he was sneceret by Lieutenant Trueslale, who was elected captain, in the following December. He represented the County in the Assembly of ilte State, 1777- 8, 177 -- 9, 17:8-9, and 1 2; and in the l'onveution which ratified the Constitution for the United States,
1: Ezekiel Hawley was Chairman of the Committee at Salem, in Preeti- ber, 1776 (Historien Manus cripts, etc. : Misrellomeans Papers, XXXV. 315). IN Historical Monmarcipts relating to the War of the Revolution : Military To turus, xxvii., 215.
14 Thomas Thumas was a son of Han. Jolin Thomas and a brother of John Thomas, Junior, who was a member of the Provincial Congress. He was a member of the first County Committee, appointed in May, 175 ; and he represented Harrin's Precinct in the County Committee, 1776-7. He was in popular as a Military Officer; and several Others re- Iused to serve moter him, in August, 1776, (Historical Manncripts, etc .: Mivelhumans Papers, xxxIx., 317.) He represented Westchester county in the Assembly of the State, in 17\'1, 1781-2, 1782-13, 1754, 1751-5, ITS, IST, 1784, 1502-3, Love'], IME, IN3, 150; he was Sheriff of the County, 1788-1702; he was a Senator from the Southern District, 1-05-8; iut 1807, he was one of the Council of Appointment ; and he died on the twenty ninth of May, 1844
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WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
Budd, its Lieutenant-colonel; Ebenezer Lockwood, its First Major ; ' Thaddeus Crane, its Secomt Major; Jon- athan G. Tompkins, its Adjutant ; ? and John Thomas, Junior, its (narter-master.3
The provisions of the Provincial Congress's enact- ment requiring one-fourth of the Militia of the Con- ty to be organized as Minute-men, appear to have been very indifferently obeyed; and the following are the Officers of the only Companies which were raised in Westchester-county, as far as they are now procur- able from the records which have been preserved :
The Company of Poundridge and Lower Salem- which was called, also, " the First Company of Min- "ute-men of the County "-elected, originally, Ebenezer Stason, to be its Captain ; Henry Slason, to be its First Lieutenant; Ebenezer Scofield, to be its Second Lieutenant; and Daniel Waterberry, to be its Ensign ; but, subsequently, when Captain Slason was promoted, Henry Slason was nude Captain, Ebenezer Scofield was promoted to the First Lieutenancy, Daniel Waterberry to the Second Lieutenancy, and David Purdy was made its Ensign.4
1 Ebenezer Lockwood was a Justice of the Peace and one of the Quormia, umuler the Colonial Goverment ; & member of the Second, Third, and Fourth Provincial Congresses ; and of the Convention of the State of New York. He was a number of the Assembly of the State, representing Westchester county, 1778-19, 1784-15, 1786, 1757, 1758 ; and he was County Judge, 1791-'3 ; and one of the Regents of the I uiver. sity, 1781-'7 ; ete. ffo died on the twenty-ninth of July, 1821, aged eighty-four years.
" Jonathan G. Tompkins was a member of the first County Committee, elected in May, 1775; a member of the Third and Fourth Provincial Congresses, of the Comunittee of Safety, and of the Council of Safety. Hle was a member of the Assembly of the State, 1780-'1, 1781-12, 1786, 1787; 1788, 1791, 1792 ; of the Board of Regents of the University, 1787- 1508 ; and of the Constitutional Convention of 1801. He was the First Judge of the County, 1793-7, 1798-1802; and died ou the twenty-seg. ond uf May, 1823.
The distinguished Daniel D. Tompkins, Governor of the State, Vice President of the United States, and one of the greatest men of his period, was a son of Jonathan G. Tompkins.
3 John Thomas, Junior, As the reader knows, was one of the leadling men of his party, in Westchester-county ; a member of its County Comtuitter and of the Provincial Congress; and a brother of the Colonel of the Reg iment. Although it is said, positively, that he was also the Quarter master of this Regiment, it appears incredible that he was the person, and can be arcounted for oidy by the profits which attended such an offire Hurd the well known proclivities of that family, in that direction, whereveran opportunity was presented. We prefer to Ilieve that this Quarterwriter's place was given to that " John Thomas Minor," the second sou of John Thomas, humnior, who bad been already elected to the command of the Company in Harrison's Precinct, at a seromul Election, after Heury Disent rry had been elected and accepted the Offre, a few weeks previously.
With the exception of the two Companies in the Borough Town of Weetchester and at Yonkers, the elections of Whose Officers were apas- rately reported, the list of Officers who were originally elected by the ses- eral Companies, as stated in the text, have been taken, generally without any change in the spelling of the proper names, even when known to have been erroneous, from the Historical Monnaripts, etc. : Military Re- turns, xxvi., 122-125. In the instances of Yonkers, Fastchester, Tarry- town, Harrison, Sousdale and the White Plains, Salem, etc., where nere Hlertions were held, the statements of those new Elections have been taken from the several Returnsof those new Elections, referred to, at the foot of each, respectively.
+ Lattes Join Samnel Lomale and Levis Graben to the Provincial Congress, "Ist March, 1758; " Sawend of the Provinced Congress, " + ho., P.M., " March 1, 1576."
The Company of Bedford elected Eli Seeley, to he its Captain; " Zephanish Mills, to be its First Linien. ant ; Cornelius Clarke, to be its Second Lientenant ; and Philip Leek, to be its Ensign ; and their Commis- sions were issued by the Provincial Congress, on the twenty-seventh of October, 1775.5
Subsequently, "agreeable to the Demand made by " Colon' Drake to the Sub-Committee of Bedford." another Company of Minute-men was organized, in that Town, with Hezekiah Gray, for its Captain ; Cor- nelins Clark, for its First Lieutenant ; James Miller for its Second Lientenant ; " and Isaac Titus, for its Ensign.9
A Company of nineteen men assembled at the White Plains and constituted themselves a Company of Minute-men, electing James Varian, to be their Captain ; " Samuel Crawford, to be their First Lieuten- ant ;" Isaac Oakley, to br their Second Lieutenant ; and Joseph Todd, to be their Ensign.1
Besides these four Companies, such as they were, there does not appear to have been any Minute-men enlisted in the County-why should any have been
In the Journal of the Provincial Congres ; Correspondente, i., 90, Even- ezer Scofield is called "Ebenezer Scofall, Junior; " atal the Comuns- slou- of the originui Officers are sail to have been issned on the twenty- seventh of October, 1775.
" Eli Seeley was soriginally elected to the command of the Company in the western part of the Town of Belford, (Psg 107, cents.)
6 Journals of the Provincial Congres . Corresponder, i, 90.
7 Hezekiah Gray was originally the First Lientenant in the Company in the western part of the Town of Bedford, of which Elf Seeley was the Captain, (Page 107, ante.)
8 James Miller was originally the First Lieutenant in the Company in the eastern part of the Town of Bedford, of which Lewis MeDouild, Jun- for, was the Captain, (Page 107, ante.)
" Isaac Titus hed served in Captain Mills's Company, under Colonel Holmes, in the Campaign of 1775, 1 Page 101, unt -. )
The authority for the statement couerruing the second Company may be seen in a Letter from the Enb-committee at Bedford to the Chairpian of the County Comquitter, " Beleven 15 February 1776,"-(Historied Manu- scripts, etc. : Military Returns, xxvii., 195.)
See, also, Journal of the Prorinvindt Cougress, " Din Martis, 3 bo., P. MI. "Feb. 20th, 1776," where the Secretary errouvously recorded the Sub- Committee and the Company as of Harrison's Precinct instead as of Bed- ford.
10 Captain James Varian was a member of the first County Committee, appointed in May, 1775, (Page 53, ante :) and First Lieutenant of the Searslale, White Plains, and Brown's Point Company of Militia, of which Joshim Hatfehl was the Captain, ( Faypr 197, ante.)
11 Lieutenant Satunel Crawford was a member of the first County Comi- mittee, appointed in May, 1775, ( Page 83, and ;) and the only representa- tive of the Manor of Scarsdale, in the County Committee, 1976-7.
1: The authority for this statement is a Lotor from Jonathan G Tomp- king and Niedax Poker to the Provincead Congere, " White PLAINS, Febru- "ery 14th, LT76"-(Historical Manuscripts, etc. : Military Returns, XX Vii.,. 84.)
From the same manuscript, the following list of the names of the nine- teen who thus organized themselves into a Company of Minute-men, her been carefully copied, without changing the spelling of the names :
" Benjamin Lyon, Joseph Told,
" olliver Killick, John brake,
" John Becks, Ezekiel buten,
" Stephen Shelley, Jame- Farrel,
" Philip Huestis,
Andrew Fach,
" Micah Townsend, Esy., Jun-s Brundage,
" James Verryan, Gilbert Horten,
" Samuel Crawford, David Johnston,
" I-aac Oakley, Hubert Graham
" William Tompron."
109
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
theted from a community in which the revolu- : maary party had scarcely " a Corporal's Guard," ex- : tims." .pt of those who were office holders or office-seekers? -but as soon as two Companies had been organized, the County Committee "took the liberty, with all . submission, to recommend Samuel Drake, to be " Column 1; Lewis Graham, to be Lieutenant Colonel;2 " AAbraham Storm, to be First Major ; ' Samuel Lyou, " of Northeastle, to be Second Major; Elijah Miller, to " br Adjutant ; ' and Josiah Mills, to be Quarter-mas- " ter' ;"amt thus the re-organization of the Militia of Westchester county and the organization of her fight- ing population were completed.
There was one feature in the Provincial Congress's enartment for the reorganization of the Militia which was oppressive on the great body of the working classes, who were unable to bear the burden it ini- posed; and it was made the subject of serions com- plaint to those of the well-born whom, in many in- stances, they had, unwittingly, placed in authority- revolutionary authority-over themselves. Reference is made to the requirement that every one, between the ages of sixteen and fifty years, should furnish himself with a good musket and bayonet, a sword or tomahawk, a cartridge-box and belts, twenty-three rounds of cartridges, twelve Hints, and a knapsack ; in addition to which he was to keep, in reserve, a pound of gunpowder and three pounds of bullets, of proper size for his musket. These he was required to have and to keep, continually ; and he was required, also, to parade, for drill, ou the first Monday of each month. Heavy peualties were imposed on those who should fail to discharge all these requirements; with levies on the properties of the delinquents, if they possessed property, or, in the absence of property, they were to be imprisoned "until such fine, together "with the charges, should be paid," which meant, at that time, an imprisonment in a cold Jail, without any other food than that which the prisoners' friends or the charitable could provide; without the slightest opportunity to earn anything, from which to support themselves or pay the fines; and the starvation of
1 Samuel Drake was a member of the Provincial Convention, 1775 ; a member of the first County Committee, 1775; and of that of 1766-'7. Ho represented Westchester county in the Assembly of the State, 1777- 'S: 1759-'>0, 1780'8!, 1786 and 1788 ; ete. He was a resident of the Maner of Cortlandt.
" Lewis Graham was connected with the Morrises, of Morrisania, by marriage ; und he was a member of all the Provincial Congresses and of the Convention of the State, 1775-'78. He was made Judge of the Court of Almiralty, in Fobroary, 1778.
3 Abraham Storm had been originally elected to the command of the Tarrytown Company of Militia, ( Page 106, ante ;) and be represented the Manor of Philip-borough in the County Committee of 1776-7. He lived at Tarrytown.
4 flijah Miller was a resident and one of the Sub-committee of North- castle.
" This statement is made on the authority of a Letter from Gilbert Prake, Chairman of the Conaty Committee, to the Provincial Congress, " WHITE PLAINS, October 21th, 1775." The Journal of the Provincial Congress, (" Die Merenrii, 10 ho., A.M., October, 1775,") shows the re- ceipt of the letter, by that body, and the issue of the Commissions to the wveral gentlemen named.
those who were dependent on the unfortunate vic-
While these provisions of that enactment were peenliarly oppressive on that class of poverty-stricken working.men and boys, in the Cities, then largely uu- employed, who had been the ever-ready, ever-noisy, and ever-destructive auxiliaries of the revolutionary faction, in all the riotons demonstrations of the fire- ceding ten years, and while thesy enactments, there- fore, in those instances, appeared to be somewhat re- tributive in their character and operations, they were, also, very oppressive on many a farmer in Westchester- county, who had been more peaceful in his inclina- tions and conduct than those working-men, in the Cities, had been. Indeed, the required equipment, in specified form, of themselves, and their boys, and their hired help-their well-tried fowling-pieces hav- ing been unavailable for that purpose --- and the stated withdrawal of all of them from their farms, for drill, on frequent, specified days, no matter how necessary their presence, at home, might have heen, were un- Only burdensome on all those farmers, to say nothing of the opportunity which was thereby afforded, very soon afterwards, for still greater acts of lawless op- pression, in the seizure of those very equipments,
6 As an illustration of the effect of the Rebellion on the great Inaly of the lowly working-men, in this particular feature, as early as in tlo. Antifan of 1775, and as an evidence of the queasiness of those work- ing.men, because of this oppressive enactment, the following homely Petition has been copied from the original manuscript, in the Historical Manuscripts, etc. : Petitions, xxxi., 52 :
" NEW York, Sopt. ye 9, 1775. " TU THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CONGRESS IN NEW YORK.
" We your humble Pertisners Gentlemen are now warned To bear "arms In Defence of our Country truly It is the Native place of some of "na wich Now Gentlemen may it please your onters To take it in Con . "sideration we are Controld more by poverty than By our own will we "must Now beg of your honners To take it in Consideration were you "in our State of Poverty you wold not lay on ns more than we can " Pare Some of this poor Cyty Now who you have you have Command. "To bare Arms In Defence of ours Liberty and Rites Not our Hite but "such gentlemen as has got lands atul Estates But some of us Now has "Skarsely got Victuals from one Day to another Neyther fire Nor Can- "dies our Wifes and pour Children Suffering for Bread and your honners "have pleased To lay on us or some of us such things as we Cant supply "ourselves with gun Baguet Belts Cartridge Bax Powder and Ball as " for Powder It must Please your homers some of you To open a Store "of it for I have Tryd in this City To get a Small Quantity but Con !! "Not and our Officers says It will be a fine to reglert having any of "them'so therefoto we your hun.ble pertisoners Earnestly Beg That It " may Please your honners To lend ns such thing as you have laid ont " for us pour And Destressed met. to get Gentlemen we beg It may be "taken in no afonce we are willing to beare with with any thing It "may please you to quit on us if In our power some cant withont Enn- "ning in Dent for For them the Next go to gail for it will any one pay "The Det Consider it would Now for you to loose All your time wich "you sit Now making laws for us as one of us or some of us to by n gun "Consider our poverty and assist the poor or make some of those with " Rattles Turn ont as well as we or supply ns with aentrements I It- "magine some of those Bich wich have lands and thousands In Estates " will not got find if neglect appearing we Beg you will think of us as " you are our hed and parliament who Ever gets This is Desinal to " Covay it to the Congress In New York.
"September 9, 1775."
With this meuaring paper before one, it is not difficult to make one's self lw-lieve that the "poor reptiles" had really some thoughts of " biting," as Gonversem Morris hud foreseen a few months previously.
.
110
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
sometimes with warrants of "impressment," nomin- ally for the equipment of Regiments, in garrison or elsewhere; sometimes with arbitrary orders for seis- ing them, on er parte assumptions of the divadlection to the Rebellion, of those who owned them; and sometimes, not unfrequently, by inroads of organized bodies of thieves, from Connectient or elsewhere, who, without even a shadow of legal or local anthor- ity and only on the shallow pretext of superior "pa- "triotism," overpowered the isolated and peaceful farmers, and retired with well-supplied stocks of law- lessly acquired phinder.
The Provincial Congress, like similar Congresses in other Colonies, and as was foretold of this, by those who had opposed the creation of it, was not long in existence and in possession of its usurped authority, when, as has been already stated, it commenced to arrest those, strangers and residents, who ventured to differ from it and to speak and to act in accordance with existing Laws and with their own convictions of duty ;1 and it did not hesitate to throw into prison " or to send into exile," those whom it had arrested. It waited for no verified complaint : it made no pretence that a breach of any written Law or of any other en- aciment was necessary, to warrant an arrest: it re- ceived sceret, er parte "information " as all which was needed to authorize the arrest, the confinement, and the intliction of punishment on its vietims, not nnfrequently without a hearing or an examination : and it held those who were accused, and tried them in secret Sessions, and passed judgments on them, not unfrequently without permitting them to confront their accusers or to see and read the papers on which they had been arrested, and held, and tried-in one notable instance, the accused was not permitted to see the fifteen affidavits, which had been trumped up against him, after he had been arrested and thrown into a jail, nor to know their contents nor the nature of the accusation, until he was brought out for trial when they were only read to him ; and copies of those affidavits were withheld from him, by a formal vote of the Congress, when they were asked for and when the cost of copying them was tendered, only because the publication of those several papers would have ex- posed the Afteen partisan tools and the eminently genteel hand who had guided them in a shameless
:
I See, in the Journals and Correspondence of the Congress and in the Historical Mannscripts relating to the War of the forolution, preserved in the office of the Secretary of State, at Albany, the records and papery in the sevenil cases, among others, of Angus McDonald, Captain Pat- rick Sinclair, Captain Johan Christian Drewidy, Jolm Morrei, Adana Patrick, Isinh Purdy, Captain Melaurtos Lawrence, Joseph Allicock, Captain Charles De Kay, and Jolmu Candell. A siugde reference to the several papers, in detail, would require more room than can be given to it. in this place.
"The instances of Angus MeDonald, Captain Drewidy, Jolin Morrell, Adam Patrick, and Isaiah Purdy, already referred to, among others.
2. Augus MeDonald was sent to General Wonster, then in command of a Inaly of Contretient troops ; and, by him, he was sent to Fairfiell, and imprisound, with aggravated severity, of which even his juiler com. planet.
and unfounded persecution of an innocent man, to the contempt of the country and of the world.' It sat in secret judgment over those whom it had arrested, in instances wherein it was, also, the only accuser ; 3 and it recognized the existence, in merely local self- constituted " Committees," in the several Counties, of the saine authority to arrest and to imprison those who were obnoxious to them, either with or without accusers or aren-ations, which it claimed for itself and exercised." In short, it very promptly set aside the government of the written Law, and established. in its stead, that of the nnrestrained will of an oligarchy, seated within every Town, against which there was no other security, for either persons or properties, than the personal favor of the stronger local power, no matter how obtained-all that, too, was done in the name of Freedom and the Rights of Man, by those who assumed to be honorable meu, and, most of all, by those who insisted that their allegiance to their Prince and their attachment to " the illustrious House "of Hanover" were ranked, by themselves, as among their most singular bles-ings; by those, indeed, who, nearly at the same time, declared they were "deeply "impressed with the importance, the utility, and the "necessity of an accommodation with their Parent "State;" and who were, also, they said, "conscious "that the best service we can render to the present " and all future generations must consist in promoting "it." 8
4 Reference is here made to the ease of Timothy Doughty, of Duchess- county, in which the victims, because he declined to sign the linereal .I .- sociatam-there was no evidence which the Congress considered respecta- ble, showing any other offenco-was seized hy Egbert Benson, whose methods at an Election have been noticed ; and sent to New York, without any evidence of wrongdoing; and thrown into a jail, without any provision for his support. At the request of Betason, he was kept in jail, for several weeks, without knowing for what he had been arrested : and that, only to enable his apseen and maleprout ac- enser to manufacture evidence against him. Fifteen worthless affidavits were subsequently sent to the Congress, and READ to the rieling, when he was given a hearing ; but their worthbene was evident that the Congress discharged Doughty, although, as stated, it would not permit him to have copies of the papers, nor even be read them, (JJonruats of the Committee of Safety, September 4th; the same, September 28th, 1775: Journals of the Provincial Congress. " Die Jovis, 9 ha, A.M., Chetiler " 19, 1775; " the stme, " Die Martis, 9 ho., A.M., October 21, 1776 ; " P -- titions of Tomthy Doughty and others, September 22, 25, October 4, 11. 175, (Historical Manripts, etc. : Betdiana, XXXL., 36, 88, 20, 86.) > Among other instances, those of Angue McDonald, Melancton Law rence, au! Captain Drewitz, may be referred to.
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