USA > New York > New York City > Who's who in New York City and State, 1st ed > Part 116
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SHAFFER, Newton Melman:
Physician, orthopedic surgeon; born in Kinderhook, N. Y., Feb. 14, 1846; son of the Rev. James N. Shaffer. He was a stu- dent in the New York Hospital for Rup- tured and Crippled, 1863-68; was gradu- ated from the New York University Med- ical College in 1867. Married, Oct. 15, 1873, Margaret H. Perkins, of Gardiner, Me .; assistant resident surgeon at Hos- pital for Ruptured and Crippled, 1867-68; assistant surgeon New York Orthopaedic Dispensary and Hospital 1871-75, and sur- geon-in-chief of the same from 1876 to 1898; clinical professor of orthopedic sur- gery, New York University Medical Col- lege from 1882 to 1886, and in 1897-98; same chair in Cornell University Medical College since 1898; orthopedic surgeon St. Luke's Hospital 1872-88; was also during various periods consulting surgeon at other hospitals and infirmaries, including St. Luke's and Presbyterian Hospitals. He was the founder and is the surgeon-in- chief of the New York State Hospital for Crippled and Deformed Children at Tarry- town, N. Y. He took the initial steps in the formation of the New York and Am- erican Orthopædic Association, and se- cured the admission of the same to the
Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons, in 1887; secured the recognition of orthopedic surgery in the International Medical Congress in Berlin in 1890. He has devised many forms of apparatus for de- formities of spine, hip and feet. Member and ex-president of the American Ortho- pædic Association, member and treasurer of the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons, member of the American Medical Association and of the New York Academy of Medicine; delegate to the International Medical Congresses in 1881 and 1900. Member of the Century and University Clubs. Author of "Potts' Dis- ease-Its Pathology and Mechanical Treatment," 1879, "The Hysterical Ele- ment in Orthopedic Surgery," 1880; "Brief Essays on Orthopedic Surgery," 1898; also numerous monographs on orthopedic sub- jects. Address, 28 East 38th St., New York.
SHAFFER, William Henry:
Lawyer; graduated from the University of Rochester in 1871; law student, Roches- ter, N. Y., 1871-73; at Columbia College, 1873-74; at Rochester, N. Y., 1874-75; in mercantile pursuits, Rochester, N. Y., 1874-78; clerk of Supreme Court of Mon- roe County. N. Y., 1878-83; assistant dis- trict attorney of Monroe County, N. Y., 1883-87; lawyer, Rochester, N. Y., 1887 to date. Address, 14 College Ave., Roches- ter, N. Y.
SHANAHAN, William S .:
Democratic Assemblyman, representing the Eleventh Assembly district of Kings County; was born in Brooklyn, Jan. 11, 1876, in the district which he represents, and has resided there all his life. He re- ceived his early education at the local public school, and after preparing for col- lege at the preparatory school of St. Francis Xavier's College in Sixteenth St., New York City, he entered Columbia Col- lege and was graduated in the class of 1897 with the degree of A. B .; in 1898 he graduated from the New York Law School, receiving the degree of LL.B., with honor. He was admitted to the bar in 1899, and has since been associated with his brother, John B. Shanahan, in the practice of law at No. 189 Montague St., Brooklyn, N. Y. He has never before held an appoint- ive position; was a candidate for member of the Assembly in 1901 and was unsuc- cessful. Elected in 1902. In 1903 he was appointed a member of the following As- sembly committees: Public Health, Fish and Game, and Indian Affairs. Address, Brooklyn, N. Y.
SHARPE, Henry G .:
Colonel, U. S. Army; born in and ap- pointed from New York; graduated from Military Academy, class of 1880. Second lieutenant Fourth Infantry. June 12, 1880; resigned, June 1. 1882; captain and com- mander of subsistence. Sept. 12, 1883; ac-
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cepted, Sept. 19, 1883; major commissary subsistence, Nov. 11, 1895; served in Span- ish-American War; colonel, Feb. 2, 1901. Address, Manila, P. I.
SHAVER, George Frederick:
Inventor, organizer and manager of various enterprises; was born in Ripley, N. Y., Nov. 4. 1855; son of David and Julia Tennant Shaver, of a large and prominent family who were among the earliest settlers of Chautauqua County, N. Y .; studied electrical and mechanical engineering and brought out many in- ventions now in common use, among which was a mail bag catch, the self- righting and self-bailing life boat now in general use, the molecular telephone and spiral screwdriver. Connected with the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, 1874-79, as telegrapher; manufacturer of telephones, 1879-95; president of Consoli- dated Telephone Company, 1883-86; gen- eral manager Shaver Corporation, 1887- 93; vice-president of the Central Ameri- can Steamship Company, 1891-94; presi- dent Seminole Consolidated Gold Mining Company, 1894-96; president Pocahontas Coal & Timber Lands Company, and vice- president Blue Jacket Consolidated Cop- per Company; also general manager of the United States Ore Separator Com- pany at present time. Member of Mag- netic Club, New York Athletic Club, and derives his title of Commodore from having been an owner of many steam and sail yachts; he was elected Commodore of the Corinthian Yacht Club in 1893. Ad- dress, 126 Second Place, Brooklyn, N. Y .; office, 130 Fulton St., New York.
SHAW, Albert:
Editor of the American Monthly Review of Reviews; born in ,Shandon, Butler County, Ohio, July 23, 1857; son of Griffin and Susan Shaw. He was graduated from Iowa College in 1879. He was part owner of the Grinnell Herald while taking a post-graduate course in constitutional his- tory and economic. science; took course in history and political science at Johns Hopkins College, with the degree of Ph.D., in 1884. He was married in 1893 to Eliz- abeth Bacon, of Reading, Pa. He was an editorial writer on Minneapolis Tribune from 1883 to 1888, and 1889 and 1890; studied in Europe in 1888-89. Established the American Review of Reviews in 1891, and has ever since conducted it. Is a member of many learned societies and has lectured in many universities and colleges. Is a member of the Aldine, Ardsley Country, Authors, Barnard, Cen- tury, City, Congregational, Minnesota (president), National Arts, New York Alumni Association Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, Nineteenth Century, Ohio and the Quill Clubs. Author of "Icaria-A Chap- ter in the History of Communism," 1884; "Local Government in Illinois," 1883; "Co-
operation in the Northwest," 1883; "Mu- nicipal Government in Great Britain," 1895; "Municipal Government in Continen- tal Europe," 1885; editor the National Revenues, 1888; also many articles on po- litical science and economics, and particu- larly on municipal governments, in maga- zines, etc. Residence, Hastings-on-Hud- son, N. Y .; office, 13 Astor Place, New York.
SHAW, Charles A .:
President of the Hanover Fire Insurance Company of New York; is a native of Whitestown, N. Y., where he was born, Nov. 8, 1839; was educated at the district schools and at Whitestown Seminary, and his first vocation in life was that of teacher. He went to the front in 1863 as a private in the Fourteenth New York Heavy Artillery, and served to the end of the war. In Oct., 1866, he entered the office of the Hanover Fire Insurance Company, and during the time he has been with the company he has passed through various positions of trust, being appointed assistant secretary in April, 1884. and second vice-president in Jan., 1896; elected vice-president Jan. 19, 1899; appointed secretary Feb. 16, 1899, and elected president in May. 1900. Secre- tary of Manhattan Board Fire Under- writers since May, 1902. Address, 34 Pine St., New York.
SHAW, William H., Ph. B .:
Musician; graduated from University of Rochester in 1891. Practiced law, Roches- ter, N. Y., for some time; now vocal mus- ic teacher. Address, 1011 Chamber of Commerce Building, Rochester, N. Y.
SHEARER, George Lewis:
Presbyterian clergyman; born at Dills- burg, Pa., Oct. 16, 1835; son of Dr. George Lewis and Eliza (Eichelberger) Shearer; student at Tuscarora Academy, 1854; graduated (Phi Beta Kappa) Lafayette College. 1857; Princeton Theological Sem- inary, 1864; D. D., Lafayette, 1883; taught in Pennsylvania, 1852-54; Collegiate School, Monroeville, Ala., 1857-59; Aca- demia, Pennsylvania, 1859-61. Licensed to preach by second Presbytery of Phil- adelphia, April, 1864; ordained by same Presbytery, Oct. 3, 1865; joined New York Presbytery, 1870; prominent in the ecclesi- astical affairs of the Presbyterian Church. Entered the service of the American Tract Society. New York, March 22, 1862, con- tinuing meanwhile in theological educa- tion; missionary to soldiers and freed- man, Washington, D. C., 1862-64; or- ganized schools for the "contrabands" in
Washington and Georgetown; ministered to wounded as army missionary, and dele- gate to U. S. C. Commission on many bat- tlefields of Northern Virginia, 1862-65; district secretary, A. T. S., at Philadel- phia, 1864-65; same at Richmond, Va.,
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1865-68; reorganizing Southern work, Am- erican Tract Society; assistant secre- tary, New York, 1868-72; founded Pacific agency, 1869; corresponding secretary of the American Tract Society, 1872 to pres- ent time; vice-president Evangelical Al- liance; one of founders of the Presby- terian Union of New York, 1887; trustee Lafayette College; secretary commission for securing exemption from the collateral inheritance tax, State of New York, for religious. charitable and educational in- stitutions, 1889-90. Residence, 117 East 54th St .; office, 150 Nassau St., New York.
SHEDD, Kendrick P .:
Educator; graduated from University of Rochester in 1889. Instructor Canandai- gua Academy. 1889-90; at University of Berlin. Germany, 1890-91; instructor in modern languages University of Roches- ter, 1891 to date. Address, 25 Rosedale St., Rochester. N. Y.
SHEEHAN. William Francis:
Lawyer; born at Buffalo, N. Y., Nov. 6, 1859; educated at public schools and St. Joseph's College, of Buffalo; 1876, be- gan the study of law in the office of Charles F. Tabor; admitted to the bar in 1881. In 1882 entered into partnership with Mr. Tabor, and has continued in the practice of law ever since. He was elected a member of Assembly from the First Assembly district of Erie County in 1884; re-elected in 1885. 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890 and 1891; 1892, nominated and elected lieutenant-governor of the State of New York; member Democratic Na- tional Committee, 191-96; practiced law in New York since 1895. Address, 16 East 56th St .; office. 32 Nassau St. New York.
SHELDON, George R .:
Banker, William C. Sheldon & Co .; vice-president City Trust Company; director American Locomotive Company, Panama Canal Company of North Ameri- ca and Standard Trust Company. Mem- ber of University, Union, Union League, Riding, City, New York Yacht, and Gar- den City Golf Clubs. Republican Na- tional committeeman from New York. Address, 2 Wall St .; residence, 24 East 38th St., New York.
SHELDON, James C .:
Republican Assemblyman, representing the Second Assembly district of Cattarau- gus County; was born in the town of Randolph in that county, Nov. 10, 1871. His father, Charles C. Sheldon, was one of the representative men of that section of the State, and for over a quarter of a century was actively engaged in business enterprises in Randolph; he was an en- thusiastic Republican and was identified with that party throughout Cattaraugus County. James C. Sheldon was educated
in the Randolph Union School and at. Chamberlain Institute, graduating from the latter institution in 1889. For four" years he was associated with his father and afterward engaged alone in the mer- cantile and retail coal business. In 1893 he commenced the study of law in the. offices of ex-Supreme Court Judge Wil- liam H. Henderson and Alex. Wentworth, Esq., at Randolph, and three years later was admitted to the bar at Rochester. His political career may be said to have commenced when he attained his major- ity. In that year he was elected justice of the peace and was continued in office until he resigned seven years afterward, and at the time of his first election he had the distinction of being the youngest magistrate in the United States. He has been chairman of the Republican cam- paign committee of Randolph for nine years and a member of his Assembly dis- trict committee since the death of his father, whom he succeeded in office; was assistant secretary of the Constitutional Convention of 1894, and in 1899 was made assistant chief of the revision department of the Assembly; for past three years he- has been chief of the latter department, being selected each year without opposi- tion. In connection with other work he has for several years contributed to the press throughout the State, and as a writ- er of political editorials and on subjects. of public interest he has come into prom- inence; at home he is active for the best interests of his town. Was elected to the Assembly in 1902, and in 1903 he was. appointed a member of the following As- sembly committees: Insurance, Labor and Industries, and Indian Affairs. Address, Randolph, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.
SHEPARD, Edward M .:
Lawyer; graduated from the College of the City of New York. 1869; has rendered signal service to the cause of pure poli- tics; a firm believer in the principles of the Democratic faith, he has consistently asserted the right of the Democrat to. pursue an independent course when his. party has diverged from them. He took an active part in organizing the Young Men's Democratic Club of Brooklyn, of which he was president for three years. Seth Low, when mayor of Brooklyn, ap -- pointed him civil service commissioner; and he originated the Civil Service Code, which has been pronounced the most practical and effective of any yet adopted' in America; later, under Mayor Chapin, he- was for two years chairman of the com- mission, Democratic nominee for may- or of Greater New York, 1901. He has: written on political, historical, economic and social topics, and has published a life of Martin Van Buren. He is an active practicing lawyer. He was a member of the first Forest Commission of the State- of New York, and originally drafted the. Forest Code of the State. Has been' ac-
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tive in the Democratic party. Member of University, Century, Authors, Reform Clubs of New York, and Hamilton Club of Brooklyn, and trustee of the College of New York. Address, 44 Pierrepont St., Brooklyn. N. Y .; 26 Liberty St., New York.
SHEPARD, Edwin M .:
Rear-admiral, U. S. Navy; born in New York; appointed from New York, Nov. 24, 1859; Naval Academy, 1859-61; attached to sloop Vincennes, West Gulf Blockading Squadron, 1861-62; passes of the Missis- sippi River. Promoted to ensign, Nov. 22, 1862; steam sloop Mississippi, West Gulf Blockading Squadron, 1862-63; re- mained on board the Mississippi until her destruction; ordered thence to gunboat Essex; remained on board during the siege of Port Hudson, and served with naval battery of nineteen guns on shore with the army for several weeks; re- ceived a commendatory letter from Gen- eral Arnold, General Bank's chief of ar- tillery; attached to monitor Mahopac d'ur- ing the siege of Charleston, S. C., and in James River; steam sloop Wachusett, special service, 1864-65; capture of rebel privateer Florida, Oct. 7, 1864. Commis- sioned as lieutenant, Feb. 22, 1864; steam- er Vanderbilt, June, 1865; during the trial trip of the Dictator; steamer Tacony, At- lantic Squadron, 1865-66. Commissioned as lieutenant-commander, July 25, 1866; steamer Osceola, Atlantic Squadron, 1867; apprentice-ship Saratoga, 1868-69; Cali- fornia (second rate), 1871; torpedo ser- vice, 1872; Hartford (second rate), fiag- ship, Asiatic Squadron, 1872-75; during Asiatic cruise, from 1872 to 1875, twice ordered to commands, first the Palos for a short time, and the Yantic for several months in 1875; ordnance duty, Washing- ton, 1875-76; Navy Yard, Portsmouth, N. H., 1876-78. Promoted to commander, June, 1878; Naval Academy, 1878-81; com- manding Constitution, 1879-81; command- ing Enterprise, N. A. Station, 1882; com- manding nautical school-ship St. Mary's, 1882-86; Naval Asylum, Philadelphia, 1886- 89; May, 1889, commanded the U. S. S. Kearsarge, for four months; ordered to command of Mohican, Pacific Squadron, Feb .. 1890, to Aug., 1891; lighthouse in- spector. Aug., 1891, to May, 1893; equip- ment officer. Navy Yard, New York; May, 1893, to Aug., 1893, commanding U. S. S. Minnesota. Promoted to captain, May 15, 1893; ordered to command U. S. S. San Francisco, Nov. 21, 1894, to July, 1897; command U. S. receiving-ship Rich- mond, Sept. 25, 1897, to April, 1898; light- house inspector, April 18, 1898, to 1901. Promoted Rear-admiral, March 3, 1901 ;. retired, June 13, 1902. Address, 2028 Co- lumbia Road, Washington, D. C.
SHERMAN, Herbert A .:
Real estate broker, with offices at 9 Pine St. and 532 Fifth Ave .; born in New
York City, March 20, 1863; son of Edward Standish Sherman and Catherine Augusta (Townsend, of Boston) Sherman; great- grandson of Roger Sherman, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independ- ence; married Anna, daughter of Captain John E. White, U. S. Army. Very suc- cessful in his business, having negotiated the sales of some of the largest pieces of New York City real estate, many of them old landmarks; notably Niblo's Garden and the Metropolitan Hotel, Broadway and Prince Street; the old Herald Build- ing, Broadway and Ann Street, now the site of the St. Paul Building; Andrew Carnegie's property, Fifth Avenue, 90th and 91st Streets; the Broadway Taber- nacle, 34th Street and Broadway. He is interested largely in yachting and golf; is a member of the Union, Union League, American Yacht, Republican and Apa- wamis Golf Clubs. Address, Rye, N. Y.
SHERMAN, James Schoolcraft:
Member of Congress, Republican; was born in Utica, N. Y., Oct. 24, 1855; re- ceived an academic and collegiate educa- tion, graduating from Hamilton College in the class of 1878; was admitted to the bar in 1880. Is a practicing lawyer; also president of the Utica Trust and Deposit Company, and president of the New Hart- ford Canning Company. He has served in these public positions: Mayor of Utica, 1884; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1892; chairman of New York State Republican Convention in 1895 and again in 1900; was elected to the Fiftieth, Fifty-first, Fifty-third, Fifty- fourth, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth and Fifty- seventh Congresses, and re-elected to the Fifty-eighth Congress. Address, Utica, N. Y.
SHERRY, Peter P .:
Democratic Assemblyman, representing the Seventh Assembly district of New York County; was born in New York City, July 26, 1872. of Irish parents; was edu- cated in Public School No. 11, West 17th Street, and at St. Francis Xavier's Col- lege, New York. He has been associated with William H. Hoyt & Co., real estate brokers, since he left college, and is also in the fire and liability insurance busi- ness. He has been a member of the Tam- , many Hall organization of his district since reaching his majority, and was elec- ted to the Assembly in 1902. In 1903 he was appointed a member of the following Assembly committees: Labor and Indus- tries and Indian Affairs. Address, 136 Eighth Ave., New York.
SHIELDS, G. O. (Coquina) :
Editor and manager of Recreation, es- tablished in Oct., 1894; born Batavia, Ohio, Aug. 26, 1846; son of John F. Shields. He attended a common school in Delaware County, Ia., for three months, and beyond
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the instruction there received is self-edu- cated. Entered the Union army in 1863, and served to the end of the civil war. He was a contributor to Harpers' Maga- zine, Harpers' Weekly, Chicago Tribune, Inter-Ocean, and many other newspapers and periodicals from 1866 to 1894; organ- ized the League of American Sportsmen in 1898 and was president of the same from 1898 to 1904; organized the Camp Fire Club in 1897 and was its president six years. He has devoted his whole life to the protection of song birds, game and game fishes. He is the author of "The Big Game of North America," "Cruisings in the Cascades," "American Game Fishes," "Hunting in the Great West," "The American Book of the Dog," "Camping and Camp Outfits," "The Bat- tle of the Big Hole." Address, 23 West 24th St., New York.
SHINN, Everett:
Artist; born in Woodstown, N. J .; mar- ried Florence Scovel; studied art at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Phil- adelphia. Has held exhibitions annually at the galleries of Bonssod, Valadon & Co., New York, from 1900 to 1902, and at M. Knoedler & Co., in 1903. Went abroad in 1901 to make pictures of Paris and London street scenes, and held exhibition on return. Received bronze medal at the South Carolina, Interstate and West In- dian Exhibition, 1901. Exhibits at the following galleries: Pennsylvania Acad- emy of Fine Arts, Boston Art Club, Chi- cago Art Institute, St. Louis Museum of Fine Arts, Cincinnati Museum Associa- tion, Art Club, Kansas City, etc., etc. Address, 112 Waverly Place, New York.
SHOBER, Francis E .:
Member of Congress. Democrat, of New York; was born in Salibury, N. C., Oct. 24, 1860. His father, after whom he was named, was a member of the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses from that State. He was graduated from St. Stephen's College, an Annandale, N. Y in 1880. and received the degree of M. A. in 1883; engaged in ministerial and educational work in Dutchess County, N. Y., for some years, and afterwards became a newspaper man; was a re- porter on the News-Press of Poughkeep- sie; editor of the Rockaway Journal at Far Rockaway, N. Y., and for ten years has been a member of the editorial staff of the New York World. He is master of Alma Lodge No. 728, Free and Accepted Masons; was elected to the Fifty-eighth Congress. Address, 2152 Seventh Ave., New York.
SHOEMAKER, Henry F .:
Banker and railroad president; born in Schuylkill County, Pa., March 28, 1845; son of John W. and Mary Brock Shoe- maker: married Blanche, daughter of Hon. James W. Quiggle, of Philadelphia;
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was educated at the Genesee Seminary, Lima, N. Y. First lieutenant, Twenty- seventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Volun- teers, in 1863. In 1868 he became in- terested in the mining of anthracite coal in Pennsylvania, and later in bituminous coal mining in West Virginia and Ohio. He was elected secretary and treasurer of the Central Railroad of Minnesota in 1878; president of the Mineral Range Railroad in 1887; president of the Cincinnati, Day- ton & Ironton Railroad in 1889; chairman of the executive committee of the Cin- cinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway in 1890; president of the Dayton & Union Railroad in 1890; vice-president of the In- diana, Decatur & Western Railway in 1893; chairman of the board of directors . of the Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway in 1899; vice-president of the Cincinnati, Indianapolis & Western. Railway in 1902; chairman board of di- rectors of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway in 1903. Is a director of the North American Trust Company, Van Norden Trust Company, the Chatham Na- tional Bank. the Century Realty Company of New York, the Superior Coal Company of Ohio, and a trustee of the Good Samar- itan Dispensary. He is a member of the Metropolitan, the Union League, the Rid- ing. the Lawyers and Lotos Clubs, Sons of the Revolution, Lafayette Post, G. A. R., and Pennsylvania Society in New York. Residences, 26 West 53d St., New York, and Riverside, Conn .; office, 71 Broadway, New York.
SHORT, Louis Daniel:
Purchasing agent for Eastman Kodak Company; graduated from University of Rochester in 1888; reporter Democrat and Chronicle, Rochester, N. Y .; publisher Victor Herald. Victor, N. Y .; manager Rochester office, Commercial : Publishing Company, 1889-95; news editor, Roches -. ter Herald, 1895-99; purchasing agent for Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., 1899 to date. Address, 6 Merriman. St., Rochester. N. Y.
SHRADY, George F., M.D .:
Born in New York City, Jan. 14. 1837; attended the College of the City of New York, 1851-53; A. M., Yale, 1869; M. D., College of Physicians and Surgcons, 1858; acting assistant surgeon, U. S. Army, 1861 to 1865. Editor-in-chief and editorial founder of Medical Record, 1866 to date; surgeon to Presbyterian . Hospital, St. Francis, Columbus, Memorial and Red Cross Hospitals, 1877: president of New York Pathological Society, 1883 to 1885. Was the distinguished surgeon in at- tendance upon ex-President U. S. Grant,. and is a member of the Metropolitan club. Address, 8 East 66th St., New York.
SHUFELDT, Robert Wilson :
Biologist and author; was born in New York City, Dec. 1, 1850; eldest son of the
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late Rear-Admiral R. W. Shufeldt, of the U. S. Navy, and Sarah Abercrombie Shu- feldt, a daughter of the distinguished Rev. Dr. James Abercrombie, of Phila- delphia, pastor and friend of General George Washington. The subject of this sketch passed the most of his boyhood in his father's country place at Stamford, Conn., where he attended the private and public schools. While yet a child he was taken to England as well as to the West Indies by his father; later on, when the latter came to be American consul at Ha- vana, Cuba, he lived and attended schools in that city for nearly two years, and acquired a knowledge of Spanish. Dur- ing the War of the Rebellion he served aboard the U. S. S. Proteus, of the East . Gulf Squadron, in the capacity of clerk to his father, 1864-65, where he saw some service; returning to New England his subsequent training gradually, but through many vicissitudes, led to his prepara- tion for college; with the class of 1874 ne finally entered Cornell University in the engineering course, but pursued his bio- logical studies as far as the curriculum of that institution admitted of it. Later he came to Washington, D. C., where he secured employment as a draughtsman in the U. S. hydrographic office of the Navy Department, and subsequently in the U. S. Army Medical Museum, where he was employed in the compilation of the "Sur- gical History of the War of the Rebel- lion." In 1876 he graduated with honors at the medical department of the Colum- bian University, and took the prize for the best thesis. Passed the government examination and was commissioned a first lieutenant in the medical department of the U. S. Army, Aug. 5, 1876; for a few months his service was at Fort McHenry, Baltimore, but early in the following year he was ordered out for field service, and during the next five years was surgeon at various frontier military posts in the De- partment of the Platte and a large share of the time in the field with troops under Generals Merritt, Crook and Sheridan, 1881-87. These years were filled with danger. incident and unusual experience, but through it all he found the time to make valuable collections and devote him- self to researches in comparative anato- my. His first published work appeared as this Western tour came to a close; they consisted of several illustrated memoirs devoted to the osteology of birds, and were printed in Hayden's Twelfth Annual of the U. S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Territories. Immediate recognition of this work followed, and complimentary copies brought their au- thor personal letters of thanks from many of the most distinguished savants then living, including Darwin. Huxley, Dr. Oli- ver W. Holmes, Sir Wm. Turner, and others of equal fame. By the surgeon- general of the Army he was placed in charge of the department of comparative
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