A history of Adams County, Ohio, from its earliest settlement to the present time, including character sketches of the prominent persons identified with the first century of the country's growth, Part 1

Author: Evans, Nelson Wiley, 1842-1913; Stivers, Emmons Buchanan
Publication date: 1900
Publisher: West Union, O., E.B. Stivers
Number of Pages: 1101


USA > Ohio > Adams County > A history of Adams County, Ohio, from its earliest settlement to the present time, including character sketches of the prominent persons identified with the first century of the country's growth > Part 1


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105 | Part 106 | Part 107 | Part 108 | Part 109 | Part 110 | Part 111 | Part 112 | Part 113 | Part 114 | Part 115


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US 25791.5


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Darbard College Library


FROM THE


BRIGHT LEGACY.


Descendants of Henry Bright, jr., who died at Water- town, Mass., in 1686, are entitled to hold scholarships in Harvard College, established in 1880 under the will of


JONATHAN BROWN BRIGHT


of Waltham, Mass., with one half the income of this Legacy. Such descendants failing, other persons are eligible to the scholarships. The will requires that this announcement shall be made in every book added to the Library under its provisions.


Received august 22, 1904


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THE OLD COURT HOUSE WEST UNION.


Built by Gov. Thomas Metcalf of Ken. 1811


THE OLD STONE COURT HOUSE


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A HISTORY


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OF


ADAMS COUNTY, OHIO


FROM ITS EARLIEST SETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME


INCLUDING


Character Sketches of the Prominent Persons Identified with the First Century of the County's Growth


AND


Containing Numerous Engravings and Illustrations


BY


NELSON W. EVANS AND EMMONS B. STIVERS


WEST UNION, OHIO PUBLISHED BY E. B. STIVERS 1900


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PREFACE


The history of Adams County properly dates from the month of D'e- cember, in the year 1790, when Nathaniel Massie and his little band of hardy frontiersmen began the erection of the Stockade at the Three Islands on the present site of the town of Manchester. This was the "pioneer corps" in the Virginia Military Reservation, in the Northwest Territory, and was the beginning of the third permanent white settle- ment in the State of Ohio.


This settlement was begun at a time when the Indian denizens of the region were waging the most cruel and most relentless warfare in the history of the country, against the border settlements of Virginia and Kentucky; and, it was maintained by its brave and vigilant founders, without Federal assistance, until the close of hostilities at the Treaty of Greenville in 1795.


From the Stockade as a base of supplies, and as a place of refuge in case of attack, these daring adventurers explored by stealth the remotest parts of the Reservation, and entered and surveyed the most desirable lands of the region. They prepared the way for those patriots of the Revolution who came with their families to establish their future homes here, and to lay, ultimately, the foundation of one of the greatest States of the Union.


To preserve in book-form the history of the founding of Adams County and of the growth and development of its resources; to preserve for future generations the story of the lives of the pioneers and their de- scendants, that their virtues may be emulated and their achievements appreciated, is the intended mission of this volume. To what extent the Compilers have succeeded in the accomplishment of their designs, must be determined by the reader.


The volume is composed of four books :


A GENERAL HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY ; THE TOWNSHIP HISTORIES ; CHARACTER SKETCHES OF THE PIONEERS ; and, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.


A feature of the volume is the very complete Index.


Grateful acknowledgement is hereby made to the public-spirited persons, both residents and non-residents of Adams County, who by their kindly offices greatly lightened the task of the Compilers in collecting and preserving the matter for this volume.


October 30. 1900.


E. B. S. N. W. E.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS


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PART I.


HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY.


CHAPTER I.


PAGE.


3


Outline Sketch of Adams County


CHAPTER II.


Geology and Mineralogy


IO


CHAPTER III.


The Mound Builders


CHAPTER IV.


The Indians


28


CHAPTER V.


The Virginia Military District.


CHAPTER VI.


The Pioneers


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50


CHAPTER VII.


Conflicts and Adventures with the Indians


65


CHAPTER VIII.


Civil Organization in the Northwest Territory


77


CHAPTER IX.


The Territorial Courts


81


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36


VI


HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY


CHAPTER X.


Organization of the Townships.


. CHAPTER XI.


Commissioners' Early Proceedings


104


CHAPTER XII.


Public Roads and Highways.


114


CHAPTER XIII.


1


The Early Taverns and Old Inns.


...


124


CHAPTER XIV.


County Affairs


133


CHAPTER XV.


The Courts Under the Constitution


168


CHAPTER XVI.


Politics and Political Parties


234


CHAPTER XVII.


Military History


. 330


CHAPTER XVIII.


Miscellaneous


365


PART II.


TOWNSHIP HISTORIES.


CHAPTER I.


Bratton Township


413


CHAPTER II.


Franklin Township


415


CHAPTER III ..


Greene Township


421


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PAGE. 98


TABLE OF CONTENTS


VII


CHAPTER IV.


PAGE. 428


Liberty Township


434


CHAPTER VI.


Manchester Township


437


CHAPTER VII.


Meigs Township


445


CHAPTER VIII.


Monroe Township


CHAPTER IX.


Oliver Township


453


CHAPTER X.


Scott Township


CHAPTER XI.


Sprigg Township 46!


CHAPTER XII.


Tiffin Township


468


CHAPTER XIII.


Wayne Township


485


CHAPTER XIV.


Winchester Township


492


PART III.


PIONEER SKETCHES


501


PART IV.


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 674


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Jefferson Township


CHAPTER V.


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449


457


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HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY ILLUSTRATIONS


1


PORTRAITS.


PAGE.


PAGE.


Belli, Major John.


522


Meek, Rev. John. 606


Bunn, Dr. James W


750


Meek, William M.


485


Burgess, Rev. Dyer 514


Campbell, Hon. Alexander. 279


Campbell, Judge John W. 301


Campbell, John.


534


Campbell, Joseph R.


712


Cockerill, Gen. Joseph R.


311


Collings, Hon. George.


179


Collins, Rev. John.


606


Quarry, Rev. William P


459


Darlinton, Gen. Joseph. 251


Donalson, Israel.


66


Dobbins, Rev. Robert .. 606


Dunbar, David.


730


Shriver, Hon. Joseph A. 867


Sinton, David ..


618


Smith, Hon. Andrew C. 293


Enochs, Gen. William H. 326


Evans, George C.


217


Sparks, Charles S. .


865


Spring, Rev. John W


881


Steen, Aaron.


606


Steen, Rev. Moses D. A.


868


Stivers, Hon. Emmons B


854


Kirk, Albert D 485


Kirker, Gov. Thomas 82


Lafferty, Joseph W


750


Lafferty, Dr. Nelson B. 750


Lodwick, Col. John.


581


Wamsley, William M. 654


Wykoff, Cyrus W ..


227


Mason, Judge John W. 232


Wilson, Hon. John T. 318


McCormick, Dr. George D.


823


Willson, Dr. William M.


437


437


VIEWS.


PAGE.


Bird's-eye View of West Union


County Jail.


482


Court House. 136


Great Serpent Mound. 24


Miller and Bunn Building, West Union 1.


780


Public School Building, Manchester.


442


Old Stone Court House, West Union, Frontispiece


690


Residence of Dr. George F. Thomas.


446


Residence of Dr. Flavius J. Miller 808


Residence of James H. Connor 717


Rock Spring, West Union. 12


Scene on the Ohio .. 421


THE SCION Office, West Union.


479


The Old Treber Tavern, Lick Fork


126


Twin Rocks, Cedar Fork. 16


The Wilson Children's Home. 77


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Evans, Nelson W.


745


Evans, Edward P.


206


Hamilton, Robert


913


Holmes, John. 763


Hook, James N.


459


Thomas, James Baldwin 629


Thomas, James S.


885


Truitt, Samuel B 437


Truitt, Mary.


437


Van Dyke, Rev. John P


459


Massie, Gen. Nathaniel.


51


Ramsey, Rev. William W. 485


Rothrock, Judge James H.


615


Russell, Hon. William


303


Edgington, Dr. Charles W 740


Ellison, William.


459


McDill, Rev. David, D. D.


821


McGovney, Crockett ..


485


McSurely, Rev. William 818


Miller. Dr. Flavius J.


750


Murphy, Capt. David A.


312


Pollard, Hon. John K.


273


Smith, Hon. Joseph P. 855


McCauslen, Hon. Thomas.


628


Willson, Jerusha.


470


Residence of Dr. James W. Bunn.


1


PART I. HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY By EMMONS B. STIVERS


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HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY


CHAPTER I.


OUTLINE SKETCH OF ADAMS COUNTY


ADAMS COUNTY is one of the oldest in Ohio. It was formed July 10, 1797, by proclamation of Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Northwest Ter- ritory. The elder Adams was then President of the United States, and St. Clair named the county in his honor. The civil organization of the county was effected Tuesday, September 12, 1797, at Manchester, the site of the first white settlement in the Virginia. Reservation, and the third in Ohio. There were three counties organized in Ohio before Adams, namely : Washington, Hamilton, and Wayne.


Adams County lies on the majestic Ohio, and borders Highland on the north, Scioto on the east, and Brown on the west. Pike joins at the north- east angle. The form of the county is rectangular, its longer sides being its eastern and western boundary lines, and it contains six hundred and twenty-five square miles of surface. The original boundaries of the county included the greater portion of the Virginia Reservation. On the hydrographic charts of the state, Adams County is classed in the Scioto Valley section, but it is properly designated an Ohio River county. Its system of drainage empties directly into the Ohio, except a small area in the northeastern part drained by Scioto Brush Creek, a tributary of the Scioto River.


Few counties of the state surpass Adams in the number and size of its fine streams and creeks. The largest of these is Ohio Brush Creek, a magnificent stream that flows through the central portion of the county from the north and empties into the Ohio River. From the village of Newport at the junction of its west and east branches to its mouth at the Ohio, it traverses a distance of nearly forty miles, and for the greater por- tion of its course attains the magnitude of a small river. In the days of the old iron furnaces their products were transported a portion of the year in barges from "Old Forge Dam" to the Ohio. A system of slackwater navigation on Ohio Brush Creek was at one time contemplated by the state when the iron furnaces were in operation there. In an article in the WEST- ERN PIONEER George Sample states that in 1806, he loaded two flat boats with flour at his residence on Ohio Brush Creek and took them from there to New Orleans. Hundreds of rafts of logs used to be floated from the vicinity of the Sproull bridge during good stages of water, while the lower course of the creek could be used almost the entire year.


Next in size and importance to Ohio Brush Creek is the West Fork, really the parent stream, which takes its source near Bernard in Eagle


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HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY


Township, Brown County, and flows southeasterly, entering Adams County at the northwest, crossing Winchester and Scott Townships and uniting with the East Fork at the village of Newport on the western border of Meigs Township. It receives from the north the waters of Little West Fork which drains the northern part of Winchester Township; and Buck Run and Georges Creek which drain Scott Township. From the south- west it receives Elk Run on the western border of Scott, and Cherry Fork, a fine stream that drains Wayne and the western portion of Oliver Town- ship.


The East Fork takes its source at the junction of the "Three Forks," Baker's, Middle and West, in the northern portion of Bratton Township. It is a beautiful stream nearly or quite as large as the West Fork, but differing from it in that its channel is cut in the flinty limestone while the former is furrowed deep in the blue limestone. It flows from the north- east across Bratton Township and the northwestern portion of Meigs, and unites with West Fork at the village of Newport. Its principal tributary from the east is Crooked Creek which rises in Franklin Township, while from the west it receives the waters of Little East Fork, the source of which is in the eastern portion of Scott Township.


Scioto Brush Creek, the waters of which drain the eastern portion of the county, is a fine stream and one of the most picturesque. It rises in Jefferson Township near the center, flows north and then east entering Scioto County and thence the Scioto River near Rushtown, a few miles north of Portsmouth. The principal tributary of Scioto Brush Creek in Adams County is Blue Creek which rises on the border of Greene Town- ship within six miles of the Ohio River and flows. north receiving the waters of Churn Creek near Blue Creek postoffice in Jefferson Township. Near this point it unites with Burley's Run and forms Scioto Brush Creek. Turkey Creek rises near Steam Furnace in Meigs Township, flows south- east and unites with Scioto Brush Creek in Jefferson Township, near Wamsleyville.


The North Fork of Scioto Brush Creek rises in Franklin Township, flows southeast receiving the waters of Cedar Fork and unites with Scioto Brush Creek in Scioto County. Lower Twin Creek rises on the southern 'border of Jefferson Township and flows south into the Ohio River near Rockville. Stout's Run is a small stream that rises in the hills of Jeffer- son Township and enters the Ohio at the village of Rome in Greene town- ship. The west central portion of Adams County is drained by the East Fork of Eagle Creek which rises near West Union and flows southwest receiving from the north Hill's Fork and from the south Kite's Fork, in Liberty Township, and thence crosses the Brown County line and unites with the West Fork of Eagle Creek at Stevenson's Mill in Byrd Town- ship. Big Three Mile and Little Three Mile each rise in Sprigg Township and flow southwest into the Ohio River. Lick Fork of Ohio Brush Creek rises near West Union and flows northeast uniting with the latter near Dunkinsville. Beasley's Fork has its source near that of Lick Fork, courses to the southeast across Monroe Township and enters Ohio Brush Creek.


The surface of Adams County is diversified. In the west central and northwest it is flat or gently undulating. In the central and northern portions it is more broken, the hills are more lofty, their tops being gently


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OUTLINE SKETCH OF ADAMS COUNTY


rounded or spread out in broad table lands. In the east the surface is very broken, there are high ridges and lofty hills, with many knobs reaching . an elevation of a thousand feet, and some nearly fourteen hundred feet above the sea level, as for instance, Peach Mountain in the southeast corner of Meigs Township and Greenbriar in Jefferson Township. On the top of the former is a large farm in a fine state of cultivation. In the south bordering the Ohio River is a range of beautiful hills, some almost attain -.. ing the altitude of mountains, affording a stretch of scenery far more beau- tiful and picturesque than any view along the highlands of the Hudson. The valley of Ohio Brush Creek far surpasses in beauty, and equals in fer- tility of soil that of either the Miami or Scioto, while along its principal tributaries are some of the finest farms in the state .. Along Scioto Brush Creek and its tributaries, the valleys are deep and narrow but very fertile; and the neat farms with comfortable homes nestling under the shadow of. the emerald-capped hills, present a most delightful picture of rural life. Being in the sandstone region the water of the streams is soft and very clear, appearing in the deeper pools to be a deep azure blue.


The lands of Adams County, from an agricultural stand, are generally considered poor by those unfamiliar with its soils. But this impression is erroneous. While there is some poor or unproductive soil throughout the county, and especially in the hilly portions, yet there is a very great deal of good lands in every section. In pioneer days the eastern part of the county lying within the Waverly sandstone section was considered as of no value except for the timber and tanbark it afforded; and the scattered in- habitants were spoken of as a "vagrant class" of "coon hunters and bark peelers" by an early historian of the state, whose statements are copied by many of the succeeding writers of Ohio history down to the present time, just as some geographers yet place the old town of Alexandria at the mouth of the Scioto on their maps. But today this section contains many fine farms. The valley lands are rich, and many of the hillsides produce goods crops of hay and corn, while some of them grow crops of fine white burley tobacco. In fact this is the tobacco section of the county. And the inhabitants instead of being a vagrant class of "coon hunters" are generally an industrious, intelligent and prosperous people. It is true, ignorance and poverty exist there, as in all communities. The western portion of the county, including all of Winchester Township and a portion of Scott, Wayne, Liberty and Sprigg, lies within the blue limestone belt and the soil is fairly productive of crops of wheat, oats, corn, and in the valleys, tobacco ; and the entire section when properly cared for produces excellent crops of timothy and clover hay. Some of the most productive farms of the county are on the uplands in the cliff limestone section in the south central part of the county, while the coves in Tiffin, Monroe, Wayne and Scott Townships have long been celebrated for their productiveness. The central portion of Adams County with its numerous streams and never failing springs affords the finest grazing lands in southern Ohio, and the sheep and cattle industry is the chief source of wealth in this section.


The thickly grown virgin forest that once clothed the county contained a great variety of the most valuable timber. In the west there were extensive tracts of level lands heavily timbered with the finest specimens of hickory, white oak, beech and white maple. Recently a


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HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY


white oak tree was felled in Liberty Township, which measured over seven feet across the stump. In the southwest and along the Ohio River grew the largest specimens of buckeye, red oak, black walnut, red elm and black maple. In the cliff limestone region, especially about West Union in Tiffin Township and on Gift Ridge in Monroe Township, grew the gigantic yellow poplar, and the largest specimens of black maple, with areas in- terspersed with hickory, white oak, ash and black walnut. Along the waters of the West Fork of Ohio Brush Creek and its tributaries were forests of black maple, red oak, dogwood, and in the coves and rich loams, the largest growths of wild cherry and black walnut, while in the bottoms on the borders of the streams grew enormous sycamores with their whitened trunks resembling columns of Carrara marble. On the hillsides and ridges in the section east of Ohio Brush Creek and extending to the Waverly sandstone region of Scioto Brush Creek were forests of white oak, chestnut oak, black oak, chestnut, spruce and cedar. The eastern section on the hills and knobs grew spruce, cedar and chestnut ; and in the coves and valleys beech, maple, oak and yellow poplar. There were many specimens of yellow poplar in this region that measured over eight feet in diameter. On the farm of Finley Wamsley near the Wamsleyville bridge over Scioto Brush Creek was a yellow poplar tree which measured ten feet in diameter. When felled and cut into eighteen-inch stove wood it made thirty-eight cords, which would equal thirteen cords of wood of one hundred and twenty-eight solid feet to the cord. On the farm of Phillip Kratzer on Johnson's Run in Jefferson Township, stood an oak tree which measured nearly seven feet in diameter and made three thou- sand staves. A sycamore at the mouth of Cedar Run on the farm of William Moore was large enough to drive a horse into and turn it around within it.


Adams County has the best and most extensive system of macada- mized roads of any county in Ohio. The beginning of this system was the old road known as the Maysville and Zanesville Turnpike constructed in the period of internal improvements by the States. President Jackson vetoed a bill providing for the construction of this road by the general government in 1830. Afterwards the state of Ohio committed itself to a system of internal improvements of its highways. under the provisions of which the construction of the Maysville and Zanesville turnpike was undertaken. The company was incorporated by act of the Legislature and the county subscribed one-half of the capital stock. It was a toll road and for many years paid large dividends to the stockholders. The length of the part completed in Adams County was about thirteen miles, beginning at the Brown County line and ending at the residence of the late Doddridge Darlinton in West Union. John Leonard, of West Union, who came from Belgium to Adams County in 1837 and Michael Warloumount, who then kept a small store at Bradyville, completed the first mile of this road in 1838, beginning at the lower end of Bradyville and extending through the village toward Bentonville. The next three miles were built by John Brotherton ; the next two miles by James and Peter McKee, beginning near Union Church; the next two miles by Hugh Clarke; and the next two by a Mr. Allison. John Schwallie built the first two miles below Bradyville, and Michael Dietz the next mile ending at the Brown County line. Abraham Hollingsworth was superintendent of construction, and


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OUTLINE SKETCH OF ADAMS COUNTY


John Sparks treasurer of the company. The contractors were paid in part in county scrip, consisting of small bills about the size of the "Lincoln shinplasters," in denominations of one, two, three, five and ten dollars. These bore six per cent. interest. The road was purchased by the county about twenty-five years ago and made a free turnpike.


From the close of the Civil War to the present time there have been over three hundred miles of macadamized roads constructed in the county ; and the present system of free pikes reaches every hamlet, village and town from its center at West Union to the remotest parts of the county. This system of roads has done more than any other agency to develop the resources of the county, and to add to the wealth and prosperity of the people. In connection with this system of roads and as a part of it there have been constructed hundreds of bridges across the numerous creeks and streams, affording safe passage over them at all seasons of the year. Many of these are wholly of iron and steel and are models of the best ideas of American bridge work.


Of the natural resources of the county its timber is fast becoming depleted. The portable saw-mill has hastened the destruction of the finest forests in every section of the county. The iron industries on Brush Creek have long since been abandoned, and there is no prospect of their revival under existing conditions. But the county has millions of dollars of wealth in the ledges of building and paving stone not surpassed in durability and beauty in any of the quarries of the world. With cheap transportation which will eventually be provided, the products of these quarries will become the source of untold wealth to the county.




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