USA > Ohio > Adams County > A history of Adams County, Ohio, from its earliest settlement to the present time, including character sketches of the prominent persons identified with the first century of the country's growth > Part 7
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Fox. Massie. O'Bannon.
Dec. 15, 1793 ... Nov. 20, 1787 .. Oct. 16, 1792.
O'Bannon.
Mar. 26, 1792 ... Mar. 29, 1792. Jan. 15, 1792
Mar. 9. 1794. Dec. 8, 1791.
Fox.
West Fork
1 ..
James Askren Robert Rankin John Barber ..
Edward Stevens Major J. Monroe Peter Mallory ..... Ezekiel Howard. John Fristoe ... And'w Gale wood =
2047. 8906
Nov. 30, 1796 .| Massie. Sept. 30, 1800 .. April 25. 1795 .. April 23, 1795. ..
John Beasley. O'Bannon. : :
Brush Creek East Fork
1561 1197.
Beasley.
Digitized by
1621
Fox.
1693 ... ( 1686 ...
O'Bannon
Massie.
48
HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY
Recorded Land Patents.
The following list contains all the land patents on record in Adams County, so far as can be learned from the record books in the Recorder's office :
Name.
Date.
No. Acres
President.
Grimes, Noble ....
October 28, 1799.
1,000
John Adams.
Taylor, Francis
March 16, 1798.
5,333}
do
Heth, Harvey ..
April 20, 1792,
1,600
Henry Lee, Gov. of Va.
Lafferty, Cornelius.
November 9, 1803.
200
Thos. Jefferson. do
Todd, Robt.
November 7, 1803 ..
1,000
Fields, Simon
September 30, 1800.
150
Jno. Adams.
Parker, Alexander
November 20, 1804 .. November 15, 1834 ...
50
Mitchell, Wm
September 1, 1831 ...
50
Mowrer, Christian
February 20, 1837.
50
do
Massie, Nath'l
February 1, 1800.
490
John Adams.
Florea, Joshua do
December 6, 1838
63
do
Steel, David
January 9, 1839.
50
do
Darlington, Joseph.
May 15, 1840 ..
1
do
Brooks, Leonard.
December 20, 1842.
30
John Tyler.
Rothwell, John
June 20, 1842 ..
15
do
Dillinger, Jacob.
December 20, 1842 ..
50
do
Baird, Harvey B.
March 30, 1843
25
do
Johnson, William
June 29, 1839.
20
Martin Van Buren.
do
June 20, 1842.
10
John Tyler.
Rothwell, Robt. J. do
October 3, 1843.
15
do
October 3, 1843.
15
Wilman, James V.
March 10, 1840
10
Marvin, Ira ..
April 8, 1842.
20
Demint, Jas., et al.
June 20, 1842.
147
Cross. John.
October 15, 1844.
30
Rothwell, Robt. J ..
October 3, 1846.
15
James K. Polk.
Willman, James V
June 8, 1848
10
do
Mitchell, Wm
September 5, 1848
45
do
Scott, John ..
August 16, 1849
18
Z. Taylor. James K. Polk.
Brooks, Leonard.
April 1, 1850
20
Z. Taylor.
Zinkhorn, Balsar. do
do
20
do
Hamilton, Robt
do
30
do
Anderson, James
February 5, 1817
50
Rothwell, Simon P
April 8, 1848 ...
14
Murphy, R. S., et al.
August 19, 1848.
33}
Tapp, Vinet ....
June 6, 1848
100
Johnson, Wm.
December 26, 1849
10
Z. Taylor.
Blake, Millins.
November 1, 1849.
40 do
Wallace, Daniel.
December 20, 1841 ..
50
John Tyler.
Taylor, James do
August 31, 1849 do
1893
Evans, Thos ..
May 1, 1851
17
Jenkins, Jno. S ..
September 26, 1853.
85 Franklin Pierce.
Murphy, D W
December 28, 1838.
50 Martin Van Buren.
Murphy, D. W. & J.
March 13, 1843
184 John Tyler.
Calloway, John
December 20, 1841 ..
20 do
Digitized by
do
5
do
Johnson, William
April 3, 1848.
10
do Martin Van Buren. John Tyler. do do
December 12, 1838
85
Martin Van Buren.
1,000
Thos. Jefferson.
Mowrer, Christian
Andrew Jackson. do
James Madison. James K. Polk. do do
110ł
Z. Taylor. do Millard Fillmore.
49
THE VIRGINIA MILITARY DISTRICT
RECORDED LAND PATENTS-CONCLUDED.
Name.
Date.
No. Acres
President.
Wallace, Augustus.
June 20, 1863.
455
Abe Lincoln.
Wallace, Cadwallader
do
360
do
Massie, Nath')
October 29, 1861.
24
do
McLanahan, James.
May 11, 1848.
45
James K. Polk.
Calloway, Francis.
December 23, 1844
400
Jno Tyler.
Thompson, James H
July 10, 1866.
120
Andrew Johnson.
do
October 17, 1866
75
do
Coryell, James L.
September 4, 1867.
8
do
Burns, Isaiah.
September 9, 1867.
15
do
Mckinney, Wm. J ..
November 8, 1867
92
do
Behm, Andrew ...... do
September 5, 1867 ... do
20
do
McGinnis. M. W.
June 20, 1863.
130
Abe Lincoln.
Wamsley, Jesse ....
September 5, 1867.
50
Andrew Johnson.
McCalt, David.
September 1, 1831.
140
Andrew Jackson.
Laughery, John
May 15, 1840 .. ...
40
Martin Van Buren.
Fitzgerald, Geo. R.
January 21, 1865
12
Abe Lincoln. do
Baird, Jno. H ...
April 4, 1871.
20 U. S. Grant.
Smith, James P.
March 30, 1843
21
John Tyler.
Baird, R. D.
November 1, 1849
40
Z. Taylor.
Massie, Nath'1
December 12, 1852.
30
John Tyler.
Humble, Elias.
September 5, 1867
35 Andrew Johnson.
McGinnis, Jas. S.
December 10, 1848.
100
James K. Polk.
Shepherd, Abraham
June 1, 1798 ..
1,000
Jno. Adams.
Matheney. Elias
October 1, 1849.
4
Z. Taylor.
Cook, Mathew S.
September 15, 1837 March 7, 1804 ..
1,300
Welsh, John
September 5, 1850 ..
12
Thomas Jefferson. Z. Taylor.
Edwards, Thomas
January 20, 1840.
1,000
Martin Van Buren.
Allesou, Richard.
December 18, 1804.
347
Thomas Jefferson.
Scott, Charles
March 3, 1793 ..
615
Geo. Washington.
Lockhart, Robt.
September 4, 1805.
1,000
Thos. Jefferson.
4a
Digitized by
Smith, James P
November 15, 1861.
10
155 6-7 Millard Fillmore.
Baird, Jno. H
April 8, 1842.
174
Martin Van Buren.
Wright, Saml.
45
do
CHAPTER VI.
* THE PIONEERS
I walk across the meadow in the balmy breath of spring; The earliest flowers are blooming and the birds are all awing. I see a little hillside where two humble stones arise, And mark the spot where sleep the dead whose memories we prize.
Beneath their axes fell the trees, their rifles sought the deer, They struggled with that fortitude known to the pioneer; They met the red-man face to face, as eagles they were free, And owned allegiance to no king who ruled across the sea.
At liberty's immortal shrine they worshipped day by day, For empire's occidental course they bravely cleared the way; With hearts of oak and nerves of steel and healthy brains, I know, They made the forests blossom like a garden long ago.
No gilded cradles held the babes the mother loved to kiss, Where howled the famished wolf at night, or rose the serpent's hiss, And where she led them unto God with calm and tender brow We follow, with no thought of her, the ever busy plow.
No longer on the hillock's side rings out the settler's steel, No longer in the cabins old sings low the spinning wheel; The pioneers have anished like the billows of the tide, With here and there a stone or two to tell us where they died.
So, when I cross the meadow in the balmy breeze of spring, With flowers blooming round me and the merry birds awing, It is to part the grass blades, each a tiny emerald spear, And read upon a leaning stone: "Here sleeps a pioneer."
Then comes to me a vision of the brave, the true, the bold, An era grander, greater than the fabled age of gold- When the misty azure mountains 'twixt us and the eastern sea Heard in the settlers' march the tread of nations yet to be.
From beyond the Alleghanies came that small, heroic band, I see them cross the border of the death-invested land; No obstacles retard their march and dangers lurk in vain, They build within the forest and they rear upon the plain.
They carve a way for progress in the dark and lonely wood, They hold the savage foe at bay, they triumph o'er the flood; And commerce follows in their wake, as day succeeds the night, And fairer beam the stars that shine upon our banner bright.
All honor to the pioneers whose race has passed away! Their deeds have won a fame that lasts forever and a day; And when I part the tender grass upon the hillside fair I do it gently for I know the brave hearts resting there.
The homes they wrested from the wilds they left to you and me, We drew from those heroic souls our love of liberty; The rights that we enjoy today they battled to maintain, And God, for them, has blessed us upon every. hill and plain.
* T. C. Harbaugh.
(50)
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GEN. NATHANIEL MASSIE FOUNDER OF MANCHESTER IN 1790, THE THIRD SETTLEMENT IN OHIO
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THE PIONEERS
Massio's Settlement at Manchester-Character of the Pioneers-Life in the Backwoods-Early Marriages-Reminiscences.
The present generation has but little conception of the environments of the pioneers of Adams county, and of the hardships and dangers en- dured by them. When the first settlement was formed at the "Three Islands," what is now Adams County, as in fact with two exceptions, all of the present State of Ohio, was a vast wilderness, inhabited by tribes of hostile savages, and filled with ferocious beasts and venomous serpents. There was not a white man's domicile in all the Virginia Reservation, and there was not a fort nor a single company of soldiers in all that vast region to shelter the pioneer who ventured within its limits, or to stay the course of the bands of murderous savages that roamed the forests. For the most part the entire region was an unbroken forest, and the stately monarchs of the woods, the oak leviathans, whose lofty tops to- wered the heavens, formed a canopy of green that was but dimly pene- trated by the summer's sun, and the creeks and streams were overhung with foliage that shut out the sunlight and cast deep shadows over the surface of the waters. There was not a road nor a path through this wilderness except those made by the herds of buffaloes in their travels from one feeding place to another. There were no means of travel through this vast wilderness except on foot or on horseback and these were fraught with the greatest dangers to life and limb. With such sur- roundings and under such conditions was the first white settlement be- gun in the Virginia Reservation.
Massie's Settlement at Manchester.
In the year 1790, Nathaniel Massie, a young land surveyor, who was interested in locating land warrants in the Virginia Reservation north- west of the Ohio River, as an inducement to found a colony there, offered to each of the first twenty-five persons who would join him in making a settlement, one inlot and one outlot in a town he proposed to lay off, and one hundred acres of land in the vicinity of the new town. In ac- cordance with this proposal the following written agreement was drawn up and signed by the parties interested :
Articles of agreement between Nathaniel Massie, of the one part, and the several persons that have hereunto subscribed, of the other part, witnesseth ; that the subscribers hereof doth oblige themselves to settle in the town laid off, on the northwest side of the Ohio, opposite the lower part of the three islands ; and make said town or the neighborhood, on the northwest side of the Ohio, their permanent seat of residence for two years from the date hereof; no subscriber shall be absent for more than two months at a time, and during such absence, he shall fur- nish a strong able-bodied man sufficient to bear arms at least equal to himself; no subscriber shall absent himself the time above mentioned, in case of actual danger, nor shall such absence be but once a year ; no subscriber shall absent himself in case of actual danger, or if absent, he shall return immediately. Each of the subscribers doth oblige him- self to comply with the rules and regulations that shall be agreed on by a majority thereof for the support of the settlement.
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HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY
In consideration whereof, Nathaniel Massie doth bind and oblige himself, his heirs, etc., to make over and convey to such of the sub- scribers, that comply with the above conditions, at the expiration of two years, a good and sufficient title unto one inlot in said town, containing five poles in front and eleven back, one outlet of four acres convenient to said town, in the bottom, which the said Massie is to put them in im- mediate possession of ; also one hundred acres of land, which the said Massie has shown to a part of the subscribers; the conveyance to be made to each of the subscribers, their heirs or assigns ..
In witness whereof each of the parties have hereunto set their hands and seals this first day of December, 1790. (signed)
Nathaniel Massie. John Ellison,
John Lindsey,
Allen Simmeral,
William Wade,
John X Mccutchen,
John Black,
Andrew X Anderson,
Samuel X Smith,
Mathew X Hart,
Jessie X Wethington,
Henry X Nelson,
Josiah Wade,
John Peter Christopher Shanks,
John Clark,
James Allison,
Robert Ellison,
Thomas Stout,
Zephaniah Wade,
George Wade.
Done in the presence of John Beasley, James Tittle.
It has been said that this agreement was drafted and subscribed at Kenton's Station near the town of Washington, Kentucky. It probable that it was drafted at Limestone and subscribed there. How- ever, the settlement was begun immediately, the town was laid out into lots and named Manchester, after Manchester in England, the home of the ancestors of its founder. The new settlement was known for years as Massie's Station.
"This little confederacy, with Massie at the helm (who was the whole soul of it)," says McDonald, "went to work with spirit. Cabins were raised, and by the middle of March, 1791, the whole town was enclosed with strong pickets, firmly fixed in the ground, with block-houses at each angle for defense. [The situation of the stockade was opposite the lower end of the large island and extended to the river bank.] Al- though this settlement was commenced in the hottest Indian war, it suffered less from depredations and even interruption from the Indians, than any settlement previously made on the Ohio River. This was no doubt owing to the watchful band of brave spirits who guarded the place, men who were reared in the midst of danger and inured to perils, and as watchful as hawks. Here were the Beasleys, the Stouts, the Washburns, the Leedoms, the Edgingtons, the Dinnings, the Ellisons, the Utts, the Mckenzies, the Wades and others who were equal to the Indians in all the arts and stratagems of border war.
"As soon as Massie had completely prepared his station for defense, the whole population went to work, and cleared the lower of the three islands, and planted it in corn. The island was very rich and produced heavy crops. The woods,
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THE PIONEERS
with a little industry, supplied a variety of game. Deer, elk, buffalo, bears and turkeys were abundant, while the river furnished a variety of excellent fish. The wants of the inhabitants were few and easily gratified. Luxuries were unknown except old Monongahela double distilled. This article was in great demand in those days, and when obtained was freely used. Coffee and tea were rare articles, not much prized nor sought after, and were only used to celebrate the birth of a newcomer. The in- habitants of the Station were as playful as kittens, and as happy in their way as their hearts could wish. The men spent most of their time in hunting and fishing, and almost every evening the boys and girls footed merrily to the tune of the fiddle. Thus was their time spent in that happy state of indolence and ease, which none but the hunter or herds- man state can enjoy. They had no civil officers to settle their disputes, nor priests to direct their morals; yet amongst them crimes were of rare occurrence. Should any one who chanced to be amongst them, prove troublesome, or disturb the harmony of the community his expulsion forthwith would be the consequence; and woe be to him if he again at- tempted to intrude himself upon them." .
Character of the Pioneers.
The pioneers of Adams County as a class were honorable and moral inen and women. They represented some of the best families of Vir- ginia, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey and the Car- olinas. They were a hardy, industrious, and frugal people, who had come determined to make a home for themselves and their generations in the great Northwest. They were the daring, spirited and brave element of the older settlements east of the Alleghenies. It is true there were in the early settlements as there is in every community today, a rough, immoral, indolent element ; but look into the history of any of the early settlements in the county, and it will be seen that each was dominated by moral, industrious, and intelligent families. The pioneers were not, as is the popular opinion, giants in stature and of herculean strength, but they were hardy and vigorous as a result of plain living and an active outdoor life. As a matter of necessity every man and boy devoted a portion of his time to the chase. It afforded the principal subsistence of the early settlers, and "wild meat without salt or bread was often their only food for weeks." They were a generous-hearted and hospitable people, whose welcome was plain and outspoken. There was none of the deceit veiled in hollow formalities that prevails in society today. "Our latch-string is always out" meant a genuine hearty wel- come to the humble home of the pioneer.
Life in the Backwoods.
:
We make the following extracts from "Life in the Backwoods," by Rev. James B. Finley, a pioneer of Adams County :
"The first settlers could not have sustained themselves, had it not been for the wild game that was in the country. This was their principal subsistence ; and this thev took at the peril of their lives, and often many of them came near starving to death. Wild meat without bread or salt, was often their food for weeks together. If they obtained bread, the
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HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY
ineal was pounded in a mortar or ground in a handmill. Hominy was a good substitute for bread, or parched corn pounded and sifted, then mixed with a little maple sugar and eaten dry ; or, mixed with water was a good beverage. On this coarse fare the people were remarkably healthy and cheerful. No complaints were heard of dyspepsia ; I never heard of this fashionable complaint till I was more than thirty years old ; and if the emigrants had come to these backwoods with dyspepsia, they would not have been troubled long with it; for a few months living on buffalo meat, venison, and good fat bear meat, with the oil of the raccoon and opossum mixed with plenty of hominy, would soon have effected a cure.
"Their children were fat and hearty, not having been fed with plum- pudding, sweetmeats and pound-cake. A more hardy race of men and women grew up in this wilderness than has ever been produced since; with more common sense and enterprise than is common to those who sleep on beds of down, and feast on jellies and preserves ; and although they had not the same advantages of obtaining learning that the present generation have, yet they had this advantage; they were sooner thrown upon the world, became acquainted with men and things, and entirely dependent on their own resources for a living. A boy at the age of six- teen was counted a man in labor and hunting, and was ready to go to war; now, one of that age hardly knows the road to mill or market.
"Their attire was in perfect keeping with their fare. The men's apparel was mostly made of the deer's skin. This, well dressed, was made into hunting shirts, pantaloons, coats, waistcoats, leggins, and moccasins. The women sometimes wore petticoats of this most common and useful article; and it supplied almost universally the place of shoes and boots. If a man was blessed with a linsey hunting-shirt, and the ladies with lin- sey dresses, and the children with the same, it was counted of the first order, even if the linsey was made from the wool of the buffalo. On some occasions the men could purchase a calico shirt ; this was thought to be extra, for which they paid one dollar and fifty cents or two dollars in skins or furs. And if a woman had one calico dress to go abroad in, she was considered a finely dressed lady. Deer's hair or oak leaves was generally put into the moccasins and worn in place of stockings or socks. The household furniture consisted of stools, and bedsteads made with forks driven into the ground and poles laid on these with the bark of the trees, and on this beds made of oak leaves, or cattail stripped off and dried in the sun. They rocked their children in a sugar trough or pack-saddle. The cooking utensils consisted of a pot, dutch oven, skillet, frying pan, wooden trays and trenchers, and boards made smooth and clean. The table was made of a broad slab. And with these fixtures there never was a heartier, happier, more hospitable or cheerful people. Their interest were one, and their dependence on each other was in- dispensable, and all things were common. Thus united they lived as one family.
"They generally married early in life, the men from eighteen to twenty-one, and the girls from sixteen to twenty. The difficulties of com- mencing the world were not so great : and as both parties were con- tented to begin with nothing. there was no looking out for fortunes, or
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THE PIONEERS
the expectations of living without labor. Their * affections were personal and sincere, which constituted a chief part of their domestic happiness, and endeared them to home. The sparkling log fire in the backwoods cabin, the gambols of half a dozen cheerful, healthy children, and the smiles of the happy wife and mother, made an earthly paradise.
"Nothing could produce more hilarity than a backwoods wedding. Most generally all the neighborhood, for miles around were invited; and if it was in the winter, there would be a log-heap or two somewhere near the cabin. Around these fires the men assembled with their rifles; the women in the cabin; and if there was a fiddler in the neighborhood he must be present at an hour stated. The parson, if one could be had, if not, the Justice of the Peace, called the assembly together, then the couple to be married. After the ceremony was over, and all had wished the happy pair much joy, then, if it could be had, the bottle passed 'round; the men then went, some to shooting at a mark, some to throw- ing the tomahawk, others to hopping and jumping, throwing the rail or shoulder stone, others to running foot races ; the women were employed in cooking. When dinner was ready, the guests all partook of the very best bear meat, venison, turkey, etc. This being over the dance com- mences, and if there is no room in the cabin, the company repair to or near one of the log fires ; there they dance till night, and then they mostly return home; yet many of the young people stay and perhaps dance all night on a rough puncheon floor, till their moccasins are worn through. The next day is the infare; the same scenes are again enacted, when the newly married pair single off to a cabin built for themselves, without twenty dollars' worth of property to begin the world with, and live more happily than those who roll in wealth and fortune.
"I recollect when a boy to have seen a pair of those backwoods folks come to my father's to get married. The groom and bride had a bell on each of their horses' necks, and a horse-collar made of corn- husks on each horse to pay the marriage fee. The groom had a bottle of whiskey in his hunting shirt bosom. When they had entered the house, he asked if the parson was at home. My father replied that he was the parson. "Then" said the groom, "may it please you, Mary Mc- Lain and I have come to get married. Will you do it for us?" "Yes," replied my father. "Well, then," said the groom, "we are in a hurry." So the knot was tied, and the groom pulled out his bottle to treat the company. He then went out. and took the collars off the horses' necks and brought them in as the marriage fee; and soon after they started for home in Indian file, with the bells on their horses open, to keep the younger colts which had followed them together.
"The chimneys of the cabins were built on the inside by throwing on an extra log, three feet and a half from the wall. From this it was carried up with sticks and clay to the roof and some two feet above it. The whole width of the cabin was occupied for a fire-place, and wood
*The early records of Adams County contain but few divorce cases. In commenting on this fact a Judge in this judicial district once remarked that there is not a case of divorce on the records where the courting was done in a flax-patch or sugar camp; at a quilting or apple cutting. And we might add. or "while bladin' cane," according to the observation of Judge Mason.
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HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY
ten or twelve feet long could be laid on ; when burned in two in the mid- die, the ends could be pushed up, so as to keep a good fire through a long winter's night. "When there was but one bed in the cabin, it was no sign that you could not have a good night's rest, for after supper was over, and the feats of the day about hunting were all talked over, the skins were brought forth, bear, buffalo, or deer and spread down before a sparkling fire, and a blanket or buffalo robe to cover with; and you could sleep sweetly as the visions of the night roll over the senses, till the morning dawn announced the approach of day. There were no win- dows, and but one opening for a door; this was generally narrow, and the door was made of two slabs, or a tree split in two and then hewed to the thickness of six or eight inches, then set up endwise and made with a bevel to lap over. The fastings consisted of three large bars fastened to staples on the inside walls. The floor, if not of earth, was of hewn slabs, and covered with clapboards. These cabins, if there was some care taken in putting down the logs close together, and they were scutched, would make the sweetest and healthiest habitations that man can live in. They are much healthier than stone or brick houses; and I have no doubt there is a great deal more health and happiness enjoyed by the inmates of the former than the latter.
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