USA > Ohio > Cuyahoga County > Cleveland > A history of Cuyahoga County and the City of Cleveland, (Vol. 1) > Part 58
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THE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL BUILDING
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although in later years the question of uniting in one greater university has been discussed in the newspapers if not by official sanction. Western Reserve University is a development from Western Reserve College, that was founded in Hudson, Ohio, in 1826. This college was not under ecclesiastical control but its trustees and professors were of the Congrega- tional or Presbyterian faith. Both sexes were admitted. In 1877, in Hudson, it had an endowment of $210,000, eleven instructors and 126 students, its presidents have been Revs. Charles B. Storrs, George E. Pierce, Henry L. Hitchcock, and Carroll Cutler. The Cleveland Medical College, established in 1844, was a department of this school. The college was moved to Cleveland in 1882 and its name changed to Adelbert Col- lege. Rev. Carroll Cutler continued as its president for some time after the removal. It was opened in Cleveland as a men's college, but in° 1888 the College for Women was established. The university comprises Adel- bert College, the college for women, the school of medicine, formerly the Cleveland Medical College, the Franklin Thomas Backus Law School, established in 1892, the dental school, established the same year, the library school, established in 1904, the school of pharmacy, established in 1882 and affiliated with the university in 1908, the school of applied social science, established in 1915, the department of religious instruction, established by the Louis H. Severance Foundation in 1917, the graduate school, and the university extension course. A feature to be mentioned is the McBride lecture fund endowment. J. H. McBride and his children have given to the university $50,000. Under the provisions of this gift it is in the hands of trustees consisting of the president and one member of the faculty from each department of the university. These trustees employ lecturers of note from time to time each year and they have been a popular addition to the interest attached to the university by the students and the community. Famous men and women at home and abroad have been engaged to speak and all the lectures are free.
Over 350 officers and instructors are connected with this great univer- sity. President Emeritus Charles F. Thwing was active for many years and is widely known as an educator of exceptional ability. The president is Robert E. Vinson, with many titles, secretary and treasurer, Sidney S. Wilson, and among the trustees are Samuel Mather, James D. William- son, J. H. Wade, William G. Mather, W. R. Warner, Andrew Squire, D. Z. Norton, C. W. Bingham, Charles F. Brush, Myron T. Herrick, Wil- liam A. Leonard, Charles L. Pack, E. W. Oglesay, Paul F. Sutphen, War- ren S. Hayden, Newton D. Baker, J. L. Severance, Alexander C. Brown, Warren M. Bicknell, William B. Sanders, H. P. McIntosh, F. F. Prentiss, and S. Livingston Mather. There is a separate board of directors for Adelbert College, but containing many of the members of the university board. Winfred George Leutner is dean of Adelbert College, Helen Mary Smith of the college for women, and Carl A. Hamann of the medical school. Walter Thomas Dunmore is dean of the law school, Frank Monroe Castro of the dental school, Edward Speas of the school of pharmacy, and James Elbert Cutler of the school of applied social science. Alice Sarah Tyler is director of the library school which was founded by a gift from Andrew Carnegie.
Not all in the large list of instructors devote their whole time to the university, but its location in the heart of a great city gives advantages that have been grasped by the management and men and women promi- nent in many lines in the city have contributed to the success of the university. There is Probate Judge Alexander Hadden, professor of law ; Dr. George W. Crile, professor of surgery; Judge of the Juvenile Court George S. Adams, lecturer; Starr Cadwallader, former director of the
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Cleveland schools, lecturer on social science ; A. V. Cannon, a member of a great law firm, lecturer on the laws of bankruptcy; Dr. L. W. Childs, school physician, lecturer on medical inspection; Abram Garfield, leading architect of the city, on architecture and house planning ; Munson Havens, of the Chamber of Commerce, on commercial organization; James F. Jackson, at the head of the Associated Charities of the city, on charity administration ; Manuel Levine, judge of the Court of Appeals, on courts and social work; Carl H. Nau, expert accountant, on municipal accounts, etc .; John F. Oberlin, practicing lawyer, on patent, copyright and trade mark laws; William Ganson Rose, newspaper special writer, on business organization; Fielder Sanders, former railroad commissioner, on public utilities ; William A. Stinchcomb, former county engineer, on road and park- building ; and Miss Ruth Wilcox, of the Cleveland Public Library, on books and fine arts. The libraries of the university contain 150,000 volumes.
The number of students as shown by the report of the school year end- ing in 1922 in Adelbert College were 599, College for Women 699, gradu- ate school 31, school of medicine 100, law 201, dental school 254, library school 43, department of religious instruction 38, school of applied science 156. The total, deducting for those who have registered more than once, 2,744.
Case School of Applied Science is forty-four years old. On Febru- ary 24, 1877, Leonard Case, the founder, gave a trust deed setting apart certain lands to endow a scientific school. This deed reads in part as follows : "To cause to be formed an institution of learning called Case School of Applied Science, in which shall be taught by competent pro- fessors and teachers, Mathematics, Physical Engineering-mechanical and civil-Chemistry, Economics, Geology, Mining, Metallurgy, Natural His- tory, Drawing and Modern Languages and such other kindred branches of learning as the trustees may deem advisable." After the death of Mr. Case, January 6, 1880, the school was incorporated by the following, largely citizens of Cleveland : Henry G. Abbey, Alva Bradley, James D. Cleveland, J. H. Devereux, E. H. Hale, T. P. Handv, Reuben Hitchcock, Levi Kerr, H. B. Payne, Joseph Perkins, Rufus P. Ranney, W. S. Streator, James J. Tracy, J. H. Wade and Samuel Williamson. The following year instruc- tion began in the Case homestead on Rockwell Street. In June, 1885, the school was transferred to the new building at its present location on Uni- versity Circle, opposite Wade Park. New buildings have been added from time to time. The school provides for seven courses of instruction, civil, mechanical, electrical, mining, metallurgical, and chemical engineering, and physics. There are departments of drawing, modern languages, English, mathematics, astronomy and miscellaneous studies.
The present trustees are John M. Henderson, president ; Eckstein Case, secretary and treasurer; Worcester R. Warner, Charles W. Bingham, David T. Croxton, Amos B. McNairy, Francis F. Prentiss, and the faculty and instructors number eighty-three, including men of national and international reputation. Charles S. Howe is president and Theo- dore M. Focke is the dean. Its library contains 17,025 volumes and about 1,000 pamphlets. There are 556 students enrolled. Its group of buildings include the main building referred to, the Physical Laboratory, Chemical Laboratory, Electrical Laboratory, Power Laboratory, and Mining Laboratory.
St. Ignatius College originated in the mind of Right Reverend Bishop Gilmour, who was a great advocate of higher education. He communicated with the Jesuit Fathers and urged the founding of such a school and within a short time Rev. J. B. Neustich founded St. Ignatius College and
MAIN BUILDING OF THE CASE SCHOOL
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became its first president. The site selected was West Thirtieth and Carroll streets and a temporary frame structure was the first college building. The college grew and in 1888 a new building costing $150,000 was completed and dedicated. At this time Rev. Henry Knappmeyer became president succeeding the founder, Reverend Neustich, and the college was incorporated and took its place among the leading educational institutions of the city. It follows the Jesuit system of instruction, which embraces the theory that education, alone, while it stimulates the intellec- tual faculties, does not exercise a moral influence on human life. The Jesuit theory is that the moral and intellectual must be developed side by side, that men are not made better citizens by mere acquiring of knowledge without a guiding and controlling force, and therefore that "the principal faculties to be developed are the moral faculties."
The presidents of the college in their order have been Revs. T. B. Neustich, Henry Knappmeyer, James La Halle, G. F. Schulte, John I. Zahn, George Pickel, John B. Furay, William B. Sommerhausen and Thomas J. Smith, the present president. The present trustees are Revs. Thomas J. Smith, Edward J. Bracken, Francis J. Haggeney, Francis X. Kowald, Francis S. Betten, George H. Mahowald and Francis J. Vallazza. The officers of administration are president, Thomas J. Smith ; dean, Edward J. Bracken; treasurer, Francis F. Kowald; librarian, Francis F. Betten ; chaplain, Francis J. Vallazza. The faculty numbers twenty-one, of which Rev. Thomas J. Smith is president. Rev. Frederick J. Odenbach, as direc- tor of the Meteorological Observatory, has a wide reputation as a scientist. He has been with the college for many years and during that time has been often quoted in the public press. The results of his observations with the seismograph, or seismometer, have been published for many years. These instruments contrived for the purpose of recording the phenomena of earthquakes are varied and complicated in accordance with the wishes of the observer and Father Odenbach has become an authority on this subject. The studies of the college include Latin, Greek, French, German, Spanish, history, mathematics and natural sciences. There are 234 stu- dents enrolled. On May 17, 1923, the name of the college was changed to the Cleveland University. Early in 1924 the name was again changed to the John Carroll University.
The parish schools of the Catholic Church number eighty-four, includ- ing Rocky River, Euclid, South Euclid and Collinwood. The enrollment of students is 40,000 and over. The superintendent is John R. Hagen. There are forty-two commercial and high schools. Catholic Latin, con- ducted by the Brothers of Mary, and St. Ignatius conducted by the Jesuit Fathers, are exclusively for boys. There is a home for crippled children known as "Rosemary." It is the Johann Grasselli Home. The home consists of six acres on Euclid Avenue. The land, building and equipment were the gift of Mr. C. A. Grasselli, given in memory of his deceased wife, Johann Grasselli. This is a school and home. The Notre Dame and Ursuline Sisters of Cleveland have received charters authorizing them to carry on the work of state normal schools and to grant state normal certificates. These schools are supported largely by dollar sub- scriptions, a limited number giving more. The truancy laws are enforced by the duly authorized truancy officers of the city. Lest the number of schools should seem disproportionate to the total enumeration it should be stated that there are several departments in these various schools. There are thirty-seven teachers in St. Stanislaus, and twenty-six in Holy Trinity schools, the two larger. In the schools of the city proper there are over 700 religious and eighty-eight lay teachers.
Next in order in point of size, outside of the public schools, come the
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day schools of the Lutheran Church. These schools are fourteen in num- ber and have an enrollment of 2,500 students. Like the Catholic schools they are supported by voluntary contributions. They are directly con- nected with churches of that denomination. In Bedford, Rev. H. C. Weidner is pastor and W. F. Goede, principal of the school. In Lake- wood, Rev. J. H. Meyer is pastor, and P. H. Hoffmeyer, principal. South Euclid, Rev. W. O. Bishop, with one teacher, and Rev. H. F. W. Brandes, pastor, with A. Brisky as principal and W. Bender, teacher. In the city the schools are manned as follows: Rev. T. H. Dannenfeld, pastor, M. Starke, principal, Mrs. A. Wilcoxson, and Miss E. Kreinheder, Rev. W. F. Doctor, O. Helwege, principal, and Miss L. Block, teacher. Rev. George Eyler, C. F. Liebe, principal and M. F. Feussner, and H. Birr teachers. Rev. L. A. Jarosi, pastor and P. Dinda, principal, Rev. F. Keller, pastor, and G. Deutmeyer, principal and Theodore Hinz, Ed Bewie, and A. Schumm teachers. Rev. P. O. Kleinhans, pastor, Adolph Liebe, principal, and Robert Brockman, teacher. Rev. Julius Nickel, pastor, Emil Krohn, principal, G. Scheiderer and Miss O. Zetzer teachers. Rev. F. Pieper, pastor, J. G. Markworth, principal, and H. J. Hilbig, H. G. Marksworth, and L. G. Beinke, teachers. Rev. H. C. Sauer, pastor, A. Fischer, princi- pal, and R. Brackesuchler, Miss C. Ferber and Miss E. Reese, teachers. Rev. Theodore Schurdel, pastor, P. Schelf, principal, and H. Bode, F. Hoerr, A. Jockel, and A. Schroeder teachers. Rev. Paul F. Schwan, pastor, E. Glawe, principal, A. Baeder, and Miss L. Mertz teachers. Rev. John H. Wefel, pastor, George Zehnder, principal, and Emil Pohl, and Theodore Brauer teachers, and the school at the church under the care of Rev. H. Weseloh, pastor, with M. Messel, principal, and R. G. Ernest, J. Winter and O. Baumann teachers. These schools distributed in various parts of the city have the same regulation as to truancy as the others mentioned. There are a few sectarian schools, not included in those we have mentioned in this chapter, in various localities, that go to make up the grand total of Cleveland's schools.
The Ursuline Academy was organized by Bishop Rappe in 1850 and the same year property on Euclid Avenue purchased. It was incorporated in 1854 and chartered as a college with power to grant diplomas and confer degrees. In June, 1874 the college bought thirty-seven acres of land on the lake in Euclid Township and built a boarding house and college and here was also established a day school. Six years later there were only sixteen Catholic schools in the city.
Brooks School, a military school, originated by Rev. Frederick Brooks in 1874, was at one time a thriving and much lauded educational institution of the city. Like West Point it taught a thorough course of studies other than military branches. Many now living in the city were students at the Brooks School. Reverend Brooks was followed by John S. White of Har- vard University, who conducted the school for some time. An officer of the United States Army was detailed to take charge of military instruction. This school exists only in history. An early school of higher learning was The Cleveland Female Seminary, under the auspices of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The Cleveland Academy on Huron Street, a day school for young ladies, founded in 1861, and the Logan Avenue Seminary founded in 1880, were other private schools.
University School came into being thirty-four years ago. In 1890, 104 men, headed by Samuel Mather, formed the organization as a corpora- tion not for profit, and its purpose was to fit boys for college. It began with a board of trustees of twenty-three members and an executive con- mittee of five. At the time of its founding the need of such a school was imperative as the high schools of the city had not advanced to their
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present stage in fitting students for college, but the school is still a flourish- ing one and ranks as one of the leading schools of its kind in the city. In addition to the foundation established by its incorporators, it has been endowed by Mrs. Harriet Benedict Sherman in memory of her son who was a member of the class of 1903. The proceeds of this endowment amounting to $300 annually is used for the purchase of books for the library. The school has ten acres of ground with fine buildings and an athletic field at Hough Avenue and East Seventy-First Street. It is a boarding school and is supported by tuition. The points much emphasized are manual training, physical training, military training and music, both instrumental and vocal. Henry S. Pickands is president, Alexander C. Brown, vice president, John B. Dempsey, secretary, Charles L. Bailey, treasurer, and Harry A. Peters, principal. The annual enrollment is about 400.
The Hathaway-Brown School, organized before the university school, performs the same function for girls that the university does for boys. Its beautiful building on East Ninety-seventh Street, occupied since April, 1907, is in a way a tribute to the high quality of the service it has performed and the consequent loyalty of its patrons, for the alumnae of the school were a large factor in securing the building. Patrons and other friends of the school aided. The preparatory and academic depart- ments of the school are very complete. Boys are admitted to the kinder- garten and primary grades to fit them for the university school and the public schools. The graduates of this school are scattered over the city and country and are known for their high ideals and influence in their communities. It may be interesting to name some of the class presidents for a decade or two back. Among them are Mrs. Ralph Perkins, Mrs. J. E. Ferris, Charlotte Dickerson (Mrs. S. C. Rose), Mrs. Robert Wallace, Florence Henderson, Lucia McCurdy (Mrs. Malcome McBride), Sarita Ogelby (Mrs. Courtney Burton), Clara Comey (Mrs. Raymond B. Rich- ardson), Mary V. McAbee, Jeanett Cox (Mrs. Gordon Morrill), Gladys McNairy (Mrs. Philip T. White), Mary Abbott, Matilda Patterson (Mrs. Alfred Murfey), Margaret T. Nye, Harriet Gowan (Mrs. H. P. Bingham), Katherine B. Nye, Margaret Jewett, Martha E. Wieber, Fred- ericka S. Goff and Henrietta Upson.
The first business college was founded by Platt R. Spencer, the originator of the Spencerian system of penmanship, in 1848. For many years it was under the charge of P. R. Spencer, E. R. Felton and H. T. Loomis. Its advantages in fitting young people for office work soon became manifest and these schools have grown and kept pace with the growth of Cleveland's industries. This first business college, now seventy-six years old, is located on Euclid Avenue at East Thirty-second Street, and is under the management of Ernest E. Merville, president, and Caroline T. Arnold, secretary. It is a flourishing school and has placed multitudes of its students in positions of usefulness thoughout its existence. The Edmiston Business College flourished on the West Side for many years. The late E. E. Admire was a particularly successful manager and teacher and at one time had the largest business college in the city. He was ably seconded by Mrs. Admire, who is now at the head of the Admire Business College at No. 2405 Clark Avenue. The Dyke School of Business, located at Prospect and East Ninth Street, and the Ohio Business College on Cedar Avenue, are among the older schools of established efficiency. Among the newer schools, the Wilcox Commercial School at Euclid and 100th Street, conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Harley Wilcox takes high rank. The Young Men's Christian Association has a commercial school. Then there is the Churchill School of Business, the Cleveland Business University, the
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Practical Business School, the Union Institute of Business, and others of a kindred nature.
It has been said that the first departure from the three r's of the pioneer school was to add a fourth "r," so that the curriculum was in- creased to "readin', ritin', 'rithmetic, and religion." In addition to the constantly enlarged courses of study in the high schools, colleges and universities, a multitude of special schools have been established with the growth of the city. The medical schools will be considered in another chapter. The first important school of music was established by Prof. Alfred Arthur. There are now the Glenville College of Music, the Lake- wood School of Music, and others. As showing the diversity, there are many dancing schools, a school of sewer inspectors, an auto school, a shorthand school, a designing and cutting school, a school of art, schools of character diagnosis, engineering, lip reading, technology, tutoring, dressmaking, cartooning, expression, golf, dramatic and riding schools. To these may be added a school of salesmanship.
CHAPTER XXX THE BENCH AND BAR
"For a judge sits on the judgment seat, not to administer laws by favor, but to decide with fairness; and he has taken an oath that he will not gratify his friends, but determine with strict regard to law."-PLATO.
This admonition of Plato given out 2,500 years ago holds good today, but it carries with it the reflection that the judge should know the law, and this consummation, "most devoutly to be wished," is often furthered materially by the lawyer before him. Thus the bench and bar, the judge and the lawyer, are closely associated in the administration of justice.
The first practicing lawyer in Cleveland was Samuel Huntington, who came in 1801. At that time the only settled portion of the county was east of the river. He tried some cases before justices of the peace in townships where those courts were established, and at the county seat in Warren before the higher court. These trials involved horseback rides through the woods often sixty miles or more. In 1803 he was appointed one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Ohio. While on the supreme bench he was elected governor of the state. He left the county in 1807 and for some time there was no lawyer in Cleveland unless Stanley Griswold, out at Doan's Corners, who might be classed as a lawyer, should be counted. The first regular practitioner of permanence in Cleveland was Alfred Kelley, who was admitted to practice in Ohio on his twenty- first birthday, and appointed prosecuting attorney of the new county of Cuyahoga on the same day. His practice was not extensive although he had no competition. In addition to the few criminal cases calling for his attention he tried some civil cases against attorneys from adjoining counties. The Common Pleas judges at that time were Elias Lee and Erastus Miles, the first in Cuyahoga County. Of the career of this inter- esting man, the first regular practicing lawyer in Cleveland, we have spoken in another chapter.
It is a matter of history that the bar of Cleveland had a mighty good start, for the third practitioner was Reuben Wood. He was a tall, very tall Vermonter, not a profound lawyer but, like Abraham Lincoln, his power with a jury was most remarkable. He rose to be a judge of the Supreme Court, and then governor of Ohio, as did Samuel Huntington. In 1819 the Cleveland bar was increased by Samuel Cowles. He was a new type, cautious, industrious, a safe counselor, but lacked the dash of Wood and the assurance of Huntington and Kelley. He was, in comparison with these men, often sneered at and was dubbed "Father Cowles," but he had the judicial turn of mind and in 1837 was appointed Common Pleas judge. He died in office.
Leonard Case came in 1816. His practice was confined more to the land laws and office consultation and as his business increased he dropped out of the practice of law altogether, but has a place as one of the early Cleveland attorneys. In 1822 John W. Willey of New Hampshire came to Cleveland and another brilliant lawyer was added to the bar. He was. a graduate of Dartmouth College, twenty-five years of age, and a logical
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convincing speaker. He soon had a good practice and a partnership was formed known as Wood and Willey. Both of these men were famous as jury lawyers. Both rose to prominence, Wood as supreme judge and governor, and Willey as mayor and presiding or president judge of the Judicial Circuit. From 1823 to 1826 only one addition to the Cleveland bar was made and that in the person of Woolsey Welles, a brother-in-law of Alfred Kelley. The town was rather dead at that time and he remained only two or three years. The prospect of a canal to the city now became almost an assured fact and in 1826 five young men destined to be prom- inent in the affairs of the town were added to the Cleveland bar : Horace Foote, William C. McConnell, Harvey Rice, John W. Allen, and Sherlock J. Andrews. All were New Englanders save McConnell, who was a native of Virginia, and all save him remained to become prominent factors in the building up of the capital city of the Western Reserve. In the '80s the four were living and residents of Cleveland. Allen and Andrews had been members of Congress, Andrews and Foote judges of note, and Harvey Rice had won fame as a legislator, in literature and in civil life, and in the development and preservation of local history. Andrews engaged in the active practice of the law for fifty-three years. This practice, only interrupted when in public office, carried him into prac- tically all of the counties of the Western Reserve. In fact all of these men were circuit riders in the law. This strenuous life was not weak- ening apparently, for Harvey Rice lived to be ninety-one years old, and his last years were those of a happy ideal old age. It would be outside the province of this chapter to mention all of his achievements except in brief. He became known as the father of the public school system of Ohio. The journal of the Ohio senate will justify this appellation. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that his address in the Ohio senate in advocacy of his school bill is the most able, masterly, and forceful one ever delivered in the state in favor of popular education. We quote a short paragraph from this address :
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