USA > Ohio > Belmont County > Centennial history of Belmont County, Ohio, and representative citizens > Part 20
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COMPANY 1.
Nathan 11. Rowles, captain. Elias B. Lowman, ist lieutenant. Daniel Westlake, 2nd lieutenant. William Rankin, sergeant. Samuel S. Martin, sergeant. Cyrus II Strahl, sergeant,
John T. Wortman, sergeant. James F. Anderson, sergeant.
Nelson Moid. corporal; captured at Martinsburg, W. Va., July 25, 1864; rejoined company August 24.
James K. Crozier, corporal.
Joseph H1. Heatherington, corporal; captured at Mar- tinsburg, Va., July 25, 1864.
C. W. Hall, corporal.
Leander Greenlee, corporal.
William McFarland, corporal; appointed sergeant August 11, 1864.
John Dunfee, corporal.
James McGregor, corporal.
Privates .- Lafayette Austin, Lycurgus Austin, Isaac Anderson, John C .. Abel, Daniel W. Archer, Frederick Biekler, John Bair, Samuel Boyd, John W. Cunning- ham, Robert Clark, died at Division Hospital, Sandy Hook, Md., July 27, 1864; Jacob Dunfee, Alfred Dean, James Davis, William Fry, Charles A. Fuller, William J. Forbes, Joshua Foster, W. H. Ferry, Patrick Gibler, W. H. Greenlce, Frederick Garloch, Edward Grubb, Melvin Groff, William Ilall, John E. Ileatherington. John Goldsworthy, captured at Martinsburg, W. Va., July 25, 1864; Samuel Ilines, Alexander Hammond, John H1. Henderson, Stephen Hipkins, Hiram M. Ingler, W. W. Jones, Isaac A. Keyser, Wm. A. Keyser, Jesse B. Keyser, Jacob T. Keyser, Jacob P. Keyser, George King, J. 11. Long, Alexander Lyle, Thomas McMahon, James McMahon, Samuel MeMillen, Robert McClelland, Henry Murz, joseph C. Nelson, John Nesbit, A. R. Norman, Abraham Porter, W. S. Patterson. John W. Patterson, Harrison Richardson, Samuel Richardson, John T. Steele, Abraham Sprowl, W. A. Starkey, Jacob Turnbull, Thomas Reese, Harvey J. Tarbet, Joshua Vessels, Joseph Vessels, George W. Westlake, Albert G. Wineman, Harrison Williams, W. C. White, Samuel Zimmerman.
COMPANY K.
Lewis Lewton, captain, mustered out as colonel of the 170th Regiment, O. N. G., August 15, 1864. William H. Oglevee, ist lieutenant.
George W. Healer, 2nd lieutenant.
James Gilbert, sergeant.
James M. Paul, sergeant.
William Phillips, sergeant.
W. S. Grove, sergeant. John W. Osborn, sergeant.
Robert Wilkins, corporal; promoted to sergeant July 18, 186.4.
Wm. S. Ilaverfield, corporal.
M. K. Turner, corporal.
Samuel A. Osborn, corporal.
Jas. H. Ilaverfield, corporal.
Morrison Moorehead, corporal.
Thomas Miller, corporal. John Stubbins, musician.
Geo. W. Lewton, musician.
Eli Nicholas, wagoner.
Privates .- Jesse Arnold, Jas. A. Amspoker, Wm. B. Adams, Evan Berry, Jacob Brough. Samuel Brown- ing, Clarkson Bower, Stewart Beebe, Jos. W. Chaney, Thompson Craig, J. M. Clark. W. A. Clark Abel Car- son, promoted to corporal July 18, 18 Puchar Dick- erson, B. Dickerson, Albert Dewey Watt Pad. Abraham Eli, Samuel Finney, C. J. Ferrell, Nathan B. llaverfield, Jos. HI. Haverfield. Wm. Henderson, Henry llagadorn, Samuel M. Hlines. Christian A. Hines. John W. Ilines, Geo. W. Howard, Win. T. Iledge, Hiram
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CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF BELMONT COUNTY,
Merriman, Thomas Johnston, died of typhoid fever in hospital near Sandy Hook, Md., August 11, 1864; Jos- eph L. Johnston, Alexander B. Kerr, discharged on account of disability June 22, 1864; Samuel Leeper, Archibald Leeper, died of fever in Pleasant Valley llos- pital, near Sandy Hook, Md., August 12, 1864; Wm. Lee, Addison Layport, W. C. Laizure, Stephen R. Mc- Gee, John A. McAfec, Henry Mattern, Jas. R. Marsh, John McBride, Henry McKee, Wm. Maggett, John B. Marshall, Nathan H. Mansfield, Sammuel B. McConnell, John H. Nichols, discharged for disability June 18, 1864; Jas. A. Penn, Thos. Phillips, Griffith Roberts, Win. T. Ramsey, Thos, J. Richey, R. M. Sheets, Thomas H. Selby, Geo. Shivers, Samuel Shivers, Emanuel Smith, promoted to corporal July 18, 1864; Thomas W. Thomp- son, Albert Tipton, Randolph Tipton, Lafayette West, Finney Ray, promoted to corporal July 18, 1864.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The following is a list of recruits and vet- eran volunteers mustered into West Virginia organizations and credited to Belmont County, Ohio, since January 1, 1864 :
Ist West Virginia Cavalry.
Jesse Chamberlain, Calvin C. Hasson, John C. Majors, John Cass, Jos. P. Burdett, Adam Coss, Wm. Heskett, Josiah Hatcher, Geo. W. Jeffries, Wm. D. McKirahan, Jas. Martin, Jonathan Milburn, Curtis B. Stidd, Jacob Watson, William Gill, John Estep, Patrick Menehan, Robert Armstrong, W. H. Brown, Reuben H. Lucas, Aaron Moore, John N. Elliott.
Ist West Virginia Infantry. William Humphreyville, John Barton.
5th West Virginia Cavalry.
William Fowler, Stephen G. Jones, William Clark.
Ist West Virginia Artillery.
Erasmus F. Bailey.
Company C, 116th Regiment, O. V. I.
This company was composed of Monroe County men, with the exception of five from Belmont County. It was mustered into ser- vice under Capt. Frederick 11. Arckenoe on the 19th of September, 1862. The company was mustered out of service at Richmond, Va., June 14. 1865. The following named gentle- men were from Belmont County :
Abel C. Barnes, wounded at Cedar Creek; Franklin Barnes, mustered out at expiration of service; Miller Brown, three months' extra pay as a prisoner of war
confined in Libby Prison; Samuel Dobbins, three months' extra pay as a prisoner of war, confined in Libby Prison; Walter Theaker, appointed corporal June 15, 1863.
Company H, 86th Regiment, O. V. I.
Abraham Porter and Campbell Smith, of Bellaire, Ohio, were members of this company. It was mustered into the service of the United States for six months at Camp Cleveland, O., July 14, 1863. Mustered out February 10, 1864.
Company K, 78th Regiment, O. V. I.
William E. Barnes enlisted December II, 1861. Mustered out with company at Louis- ville, Ky., July II, 1865.
Company C, 60th Regiment, O. V. I.
Capt. B. Kyle's company was mustered into the service at Camp Chase, April 5, 1864. Belmont County contributed about 25 men to this company, as follows :
Promotions .- John R. Merrill, promoted to sergeant June 1, 1865. Adam Stewart, promoted to corporal November 5, 1864. Oliver C. Tarbet, promoted to cor- poral February 1, 1865.
Privates .- Oliver C. Jones, John T. Skinner, James W. Skinner, George A. Shry, Joseph G. Snade, Allen B. Thomas.
Discharged for Disability .- Jeremiah Horton, July 4, 1865, James A. Barnes, May 13, 1865. Joshua Fred, April 27, 1865. William W. Clark, January 13, 1865. W. C. Manning, Philip S. Williams, June 21, 1865.
Died .- Jesse E. Berry, killed in action at Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864. Joseph Mayhugh, killed in duty near Petersburg, Va., June 28, 1864. John D. Bryan, killed in action at Nye River, May 12, 1864. Charles WV. Carter died in Camp Chase, of disease, April 10. 1864. John M. Johnson died at Baltimore, Md., Octo- ber 8, 1864. William W. Keyser died July 22, 1864, of wounds received while in action. Tillinan Nichols died of wounds received while in action at Cold Har- bor, Va., July 2, 1864. Milton M. Shry died October 6. 1864. John S. Summers died September 2, 186.4. Thomas Stephenson, killed in action, October 27, 1804, at Ilatcher's Run, Va.
The company was mustered out at Delaney House, D. C .. July 28, 1865.
Company D. 60th Regiment, O. V. I.
This company was composed of men from different counties in the State, Those from Belmont County are given below. The com-
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AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
pany was organized by Capt. W. W. Robbins and went into Camp Chase, April 6, 1864.
It was mustered out at Delaney House, D. C., July 28, 1865.
Promotions .- Joseph E. Lewis, sergeant. William J. Parsons, sergeant. Del. Eckels Marquis, promoted to sergeant May 1, 1865. Samuel W. Gordon, Henry S. Barnes, Ellis Brill, corporals.
Privates .- John Alwood, Owen DeLong, William S. Dyer, John H. Ellis, George W. Gebhart, Calvin N. Malone, Anthony B. Shimp, Cornelius Stidd. Israel A. Thompson, George H. Tillman.
Discharged .- John W. Hays, April 17, 1865. Wil- liam H. Barnes, February 9, 1865. Evan Dickison, May 19, 1865. G. W. Hance, June 7, 1865. William M. Nace, January 17, 1865.
Died .- James A. Vance died December 30, 1864, in Salisbury, N. C., in Rebel prison, while a prisoner of war. James Barnes died May 10, 1864, in ambulance, caused by a gunshot wound in the hip, received May 9, 1864, at Nye River. John W. Crew died October 10, 1864, in Alexandria, Va., of chronic diarrhea. Samuel Griffith, May 12, 1864, killed at Spottsylvania, Va .; shot through the head in a charge against the enemy. John H. Moore died August 28, 1864, in Andersonville, Ga., of dysentery, while a prisoner of war. Charles O. Morrow died December 26, 1864, in Salisbury (N. C.), prison. Dewitt Steel, May 9, 1864, in Fredericksburg, Va., of measles.
THE DUTY OF BELMONT COUNTY TO HER SOL- DIERS, LIVING AND DEAD.
The author has no apology to offer for the space occupied in printing the names of the brave "boys in blue" living and dead that sac- rificed so much for the preservation of the government in the hour of its greatset peril. Our only regret is that the roster is perhaps incomplete.
There were doubtless many gallant sons of Belmont County who were accredited to other counties and other States whose names should appear among the above.
Belmont County should prepare a "Roll of Honor" upon which should be inscribed the name of every soldier and sailor that went out from her "sun kissed hills" to fight the battles of the Republic-a "Roll of Honor" that should be preserved through all genera- tions as an incentive and inspiration to patriot- ism.
CHAPTER XI.
OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
We are indebted to Prof. W. R. Butcher of St. Clairsville for this sketch of the operation of our public school system in Belmont County.
The history of individual schools throughout the county appear in the history of the various townships in which they are located.
The history of the growth of the public school system in a county is so closely con- nected with its history in the State, that the story of the rapid progress of the public schools in Ohio is, to a great extent, their history in Belmont County.
In speaking of the Ordinance of 1787, Daniel Webster said, "We are acustomed to praise the law-givers of antiquity, we help to perpetuate the fame of Solon and Lycurgus, but I doubt whether one single law of any law-giver, ancient or modern, has produced effects of more distinct, marked, and lasting character than the Ordinance of 1787." In this ordi- nance was embodied the oft-quoted clause, "Religion, morality and knowledge being nec- essary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of educa- tion shall forever be encouraged." What this clause means to Ohio and how well she has carried out the wishes of those who expected great results from her school system, the schools of the present will answer.
The number of school houses in Ohio in 1901 was 13, 174, employing 23,191 teachers. The total number of school youth in the State was 1,219,919, of which number 829,857 were enrolled in the different schools of the State.
The oversight of the educational affairs of
the whole State is entrusted to a Commissioner of Common Schools. The control of the dif- ferent schools is vested by the State in local boards of education, and the teachers and their supervisors are agents of the State, getting their authority to teach from boards of exam- iners who issue certificates to teachers.
For convenience in managing affairs, the school district is the unit area of school or- ganization and determines the bonds of the authority of a board of directors. It generally consists of a whole township or a whole mu- nicipal corporation. Sometimes communities are joined for educational purposes that are separate in other governmental affairs. There are township school districts, special districts, village districts and two classes of city dis- tricts.
The sources of school revenues are: First, the general State tax of one mill collected on the grand tax duplicate of the State, and distrib- uted on the basis of the enumerated youth to all the counties for use in each school district; second, the annual distribution from the State sinking fund of six per cent. on all the irre- ducible State debt, the moneys going to those districts whence that trust fund was derived : third, the local levies made by the various school districts for school purposes; fourth, certain fines and penalties that, according to law, go for school purposes; fifth, the miscel- laneous receipts of the boards from outside tuition, rentals and the like.
The irreducible school fund was derived from the sale by the Legislature of lands
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AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS.
granted by Congress for school purposes ; these appropriations comprised one thirty-sixth part of the State or something like 1,200 square miles. To this one section in every township was added the money received from the sale of certain "swamp lands;" so that for common school purposes the State is bound, at present, to pay six per cent. on a little over four million dollars.
More than two-fifths of the total tax paid in Belmont County goes to the support of the schools. In round figures the past year $450,- 000 was collected as tax and there was ex- pended in the county for support of the schools the sum of $191,429.04. The various town- ships and special school districts expended thie following amounts on their schools as shown by their books in the auditor's office :
Colerain township
.$6,422.43
Flushing
4,307.47
Goshen
7,317.00
Kirkwood
3,858 38
Mead
6
4,704-51
Pease
5,491.04
Pultney
9,476.01
Richland
10,152.78
Smith
5,027.14
Somerset
3,938.64
Union
2,413-50
Warren
4,819.75
Washington
3,805.36
Wayne
3,387.20
Wheeling
3,718.74
York
2.448.78
Barnesville special district 11,331.32
Belmont
66
2,080.51
Bellaire
40,344.86
Bethesda
915.64
Bridgeport
¥
. 17,817.66
Flushing
2,144.25
Martin's Ferry'
24,783.85
Morristown 66
1,348.66
Powhatan
1,773.48
Shadyside
66
082.04
Somerton
878.86
St. Clairsville
5,670.68
The above figures include all school ex- penses, as for example the cost in Bellaire in- cludes an expediture of about $15,000 for new buildings.
The first schools in Belmont County were provided with funds by private or co-operative enterprise. The State Legislature took 110 ac- tion in relation to school appropriations until
1806 and then only slight action. As a result, the funds for conducting the district schools were, for the greater part, obtained by charg- ing private tuition. Before a teacher would begin his term of school, he would canvass the district to see what amount of private tuition could be raised. Many of the teachers of those times worked on the farm in the summer and kept school in the winter. Of the quality of their farming, nothing derogatory can be said, but of their school-keeping, with a few excep- tions, one would have to be very liberal, in- deed, to say anything commendatory. Much learning had not made them mad, but much learning was not required. To be able to spell correctly, to know the arithmetic to the "sin- gle rule of three" and to write a good hand was deemed sufficient in most districts. Writing was made a great deal of; it was their one accomplishment, and they prided themselves in it. Their writing was none of your run- ning, semi-angular kind, but what an old farmer of the times happily described as "a round square hand." The textbooks used were "Pike's Arithmetic," "Kirkham's Grammar" and "Cobb's Speller." If an ambitious youth wished to go beyond the "single rule of three," he was compelled to tread the thorny paths of mathematical knowledge alone.
If the knowledge of the schoolmaster of those days was not the broadest in its scope, still he was the foremost man in this respect of the people among whom he lived.
But the public was awakening to the inter- est of education and in 1821 a long stride for- ward was made when the State Legislature passed the first general school law. In 1825, there were a "school" party and a "canal" party in the Legislature; one was intent on having schools and the other, canals. As neither party was able to carry its point alone, the two joined their forces and so gave the State both schools and canals. The greatest advance in school legislation was made in 1853. when the present school law, in its essential features, was enacted.
At that time, a number of men, afterward famous as teachers, lecturers, and authors of
66
66
¥
140
CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF BELMONT COUNTY,
school textbooks, were attracting public at- tention by the excellent work they were doing to advance school interests in the State. Prom- inent among these were John Hancock, Joseph Ray, Thomas Harvey and Eli T. Tappan. It was the work of such men as these that gave an impetus to the cause of education and made the public school system, as it exists today, possible.
There never was a time when the public school was in as flourishing a condition as at present. The log school houses that dotted the hills and vales of Belmont County more than half a century ago have given place to build- ings modern in every respect, the school sys- tem is improving and the courses of study come nearer meeting the popular needs than ever before. Methods are more rational, discipline is more humane and the attendance more regu- lar.
The Boxwell law has given the pupils of the rural districts an opportunity to obtain a high
school education. The term "high school" has been defined by statute and the high schools of the State have been divided into Ist, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th class, according to the time given and subjects included in the course of study.
Belmont County has 16 township districts, 183 subdistricts and II special districts. The special districts are Martin's Ferry, Bridge- port, Bellaire, Barnesville, St. Clairsville, Bel- mont, Bethesda, Morristown, Flushing, Somer- ton and Powhattan. The value of school prop- erty in the county is $501,000. It takes 352 teachers to supply the schools. Of these, 205 are in the township districts and 147 in the spe- cial districts. The average monthly wages in the township schools is : men, $37 ; women, $34. In the special districts, men in the elementary departments, $53; women, $38. In the high schools, men, $73; women, $60.
The county examiners for 1902 are: James Duncan, Bridgeport; James O. Porterfield, Demos; and W. R. Butcher, St. Clairsville.
CHAPTER XII.
SOME RECOLLECTIONS OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD.
Ellis B. Steele, of Morning View in Pease township, who was himself a conductor on the "Underground Railroad," presents us with some recollections of the operation of that noiseless road in the conveyance of fugitive slaves through Belmont County to Emerson in Jefferson County, and thence northward to- ward Canada and freedom :
The date of opening this road is not definitely known, as there was no record kept of its busi- ness. However, from the traditions that have been handed down from our fathers, I am sat- isfied that the road was in operation 30 years prior to President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.
This railroad was constructed without the sound of hammer, pick or shovel, and could be removed from one neighborhood to another, · leaving no trace that any one except those identified with it could find.
My knowledge of the route of the "Under- ground Railroad," north from Emerson, is lim- ited. In ante-bellum times the least you knew about the "Underground Railroad" the better for you, yet it was important if interested in the road to know that little well. My recol- lection now is that the road from the Ohio River to the Lake was divided into sections, and on each section there was a station. These stations were from five to ten miles apart, so that in an emergency a change of horses and a fresh driver could be procured and in a few hours the fugitive slave would be spirited far on his journey toward Canada and out of reach of his pursuers.
The first station that I have any recollection
of was in the woods and underbrush that crowned the hills between Martin's Ferry and Burlington. This station was located by Rich- ard Naylor and Samuel Cooper (both colored), and the station was known and approved by their white confederates and co-workers. Nay- lor was born a slave with an innate hatred of the institution of slavery. After obtaining his freedom, he engaged in the hazardous business of receiving fugitive slaves, via the "Under- ground Railroad," from Virginia, opposite, and would ferry them over the river to the first station back of Martin's Ferry. There Samuel Cooper and his son Henry received them, and as better and safer service could be given the patrons of the road on the night train, the fugitives were hurried to the next station. If the night was not far advanced and it was dangerous to operate the road, the passenger was at once given in charge of the conductor, who would lead him through the woods, and by lonely paths to some previously selected point at the second station in Concord settlement, now Colerain. Sometimes this sta- tion would be at Joshua Steele's old log barn, where beneath its puncheon floor many a poor fugitive slave spent the day in fear and trem- bling, waiting for the night train to carry him on his journey to Canada.
At other times the fugitives would be con- ducted to a safe hiding place on Joseph Park- er's farm, thence to be conducted in like man- ner to the next station. Frequently it was expedient to conduct the fugitives to the home of Joshua Cope, who owned and operated the old log flour mill near the head-waters of
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CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF BELMONT COUNTY,
Glenn's Run. Here they received a cordial wel- come, their needs were supplied, and as soon as practicable they were conveyed to the third station, which was conducted by William Rob- ison, a life-long friend of the slave, and his energetic and earnest assistant, George Clark. These gentlemen would see that all fugitive slaves arriving at their station were provided with free tickets to Canada by way of the "Un- derground Railroad."
The home of Dr. Caleb Cope of Farmington was another station where kindly services were rendered to the needy fugitive, and he was di- rected on his way to liberty. Henry Cooper, after years of service at the first station near Martin's Fery, was suspected of aiding fugi- tive slaves in finding their way to Canada. The evidence was so strong against him that he was liable to arrest or perhaps be kidnapped, and returned to slavery, for giving aid to fugi- tive slaves. His friends both white and col- ored were on guard with a train ready to start for Canada at a moment's notice. The perse- cutions that Cooper was subjected to were about to culminate in something serious when with the assistance of friends he noiselessly glided away, and in due time reached Canada via the "Underground Railroad."
Soon after young Cooper was settled in Canada, his father was likewise suspected of giving aid and comfort to runaway slaves and the circumstantial evidence against him was so damaging that his friends advised him to leave the country and seek a more desirable home in Canada.
He took their advice and engaged a passage on one of the "Underground Railroad" flyers. He reached his destination in due time, where he was greeted by his son and a host of fugi- tive slaves that he had assisted in their flight to liberty.
When the Coopers were obliged to abandon the first station because of personal danger,
Thomas Pointer (colored) was appointed to succeed them. Pointer had experience in the work, and with the aid of Tobe Hance, who was operating a flour mill near Glenn's Run, the station was again opened for the reception of the fugitive slaves.
This was the year of greatest activity in the operations of the road.
By playing the role of a drunkard, Naylor who managed the first station had thus far eluded detection and by craftiness continued for years to furnish passengers for the "Un- derground Railroad." Finally he was sus-' pected and would have been foully dealt with, had he not learned of the plan to capture him, and escaped via the "Underground Railroad."
There being no one willing to assume the risk of the position of passenger agent vacated by Naylor, the business for a time was exceed- ingly dull.
Only a few fugitives at long intervals ar- rived at the station on the river front. During the fall of 1858 business revived somewhat, but the "Dred Scott Decision" had thrown such a damper upon the workers that few conduc- tors could be employed to run the trains.
In August, 1859, my uncle, O. C. Parker, and I conducted nine fugitive slaves from the first station near Martin's Ferry to the second station at my father's old home, where my brother Wesley had a team ready to convey them to the third station where my friend Rob- ison toon charge of them, and we returned, reaching home at daylight. This was the last full train that passed this way. After this time fugitive slaves traveled the public highways, stopping sometimes at our place to inquire the way to some friend in Mount Pleasant or Trenton. The business of the road was prac- tically abandoned after the Emancipation Proc- lamation was issued, and its work is now only remembered as a thing of the past.
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