USA > Ohio > Ashtabula County > History of Ashtabula County, Ohio > Part 4
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13
HISTORY OF ASHTABULA COUNTY, OHIO.
of the county (Williamsfield ) lies in range one and township eight, Andover next north in the same range, and in township nine, Richmond in township ten, same range, etc.
THE APPOINTMENT OF AN EQUALIZING COMMITTEE.
After this survey was completed the Land Company, in order that the share- holders might share equitably as nearly as possible the lands of the Reserve, or to avoid the likelihood of a part of the shareholders drawing the best and others the medium and others again the poorest of the lands, appointed an equalizing com- mittee, whose duties we will explain.
The amount of the purchase-money, one million two hundred thousand dollars, was divided into four hundred shares, each share value being three thousand dollars. The holder of one share, therefore, had one four-hundredth undivided interest in the whole tract, and he who held four or five or twenty shares had four or five or twenty times as much interest undivided in the whole Reserve as he who held but one. As some townships would be more valuable than others, the company adopted, at a meeting of shareholders at Hartford, Connecticut, in April, 1796, a mode of making partition, and appointed a committee of equaliza- tion to divide the Reserve in accordance with the company's plan. The com- mittee appointed were Daniel Holbrook, William Shepperd, Jr., Moses Warren, Jr., Seth Pease, and Amos Spafford, and the committee who made up their report at Canandaigua, New York, December 13, 1797, were William Shepperd, Jr., Moses Warren, Jr., Seth Pease, and Amos Spafford.
The directors of the company, in accordance with Article III. of the Articles of Association, selected six townships to be offered for sale to actual settlers alone, and in which the first improvements were designed to be made. The town- ships thus selected were numbers eleven, in the sixth range; ten, in the ninth range ; nine, in the tenth range; eight, in the eleventh range ; seven, in the twelfth range ; and two, in the second range. These townships are now known as Madi- son, Mentor, and Willoughby, in Lake county ; Euclid and Newburg, in Cuyahoga county ; and Youngstown, in Mahoning. Number three, in the third range, or Weathersfield, in Trumbull county, was omitted from the first draft made by the company owing to the uncertainty of the boundaries of Mr. Parsons' claim. This township has sometimes been called the Salt Spring township. The six townships above named were offered for sale before partition was made, and parts of them were sold.
Excepting the Parsons' claim and the seven townships above named, the remainder of the Reserve east of the Cuyahoga was divided among the members of the company as follows :
MODE OF PARTITION.
The four best townships in the eastern part of the Reserve were selected and surveyed into lots, an average of one hundred lots to the township. As there were four hundred shares, the four townships would yield one lot for every share. When these lots were drawn, each holder or holders of one or more shares par- ticipated in the draft. The committee selected township eleven, in range seven, and townships five, six, and seven, in range eleven, for the four best townships. These are Perry, in Lake county, Northfield, in Summit county, Bedford and Warrenville, in Cuyahoga county.
Then the committee proceeded to select from the remaining townships certain other townships that should be next in value to the four already selected, which were to be used for equalizing purposes. The tracts thus selected being whole townships and parts of townships were in number twenty-four, as follows: six, seven, eight, nine, and ten, in the eighth range; six, seven, eight, and nine, in the ninth range; and one, five, six, seven, and eight, in the tenth range; and sundry irregular tracts, as follows : number fourtecn, in the first range; number thirteen, in the third range; number thirteen, in the fourth range; number twelve, in the fifth range; number twelve, in the sixth range; number eleven, in the eighth range; number ten, iu the tenth range; number six, in the twelfth range; and numbers one and two, in the eleventh range. These tracts are now known as Auburn, Newbury, Munson, Chardon, Banbridge, Russell, and Chester townships, in Geauga county ; Concord and Kirtland, in Lake county ; Spring- field and Twinsburg, in Summit county ; Solon, Orange, and Mayfield, in Cuyahoga county. The fractional townships are Conneaut gore, Ashtabula gore, Saybrook gore, Geneva, Madison gore, Painesville, Willoughby gore, Independ- ence, Coventry, and Portage. After this selection had been made they selected the average townships, to the value of each of which each of the others should be brought by the equalizing process of annexation. The eight best of the remaining townships were taken, and were numbers one five, eleven, twelve, and thirteen, in the first range ; twelve, in the fourth range ; eleven, in the fifth range; and six, in the sixth range. They are now known as Poland, in Mahoning county ; Hart- ford, in Trumbull county ; Pierpont, Monroe, Conneaut, Saybrook, and Harpers-
field, in Ashtabula County ; and Parkman, in Geauga county. These were the standard townships, and all the other townships of inferior value to thesc eight, which would include all the others not mentioned above, were to be raised to the value of the average townships by annexations from the equalizing townships. These last named were cut up into parcels of various sizes and values, and annexed to the inferior townships in such a way as to make them all of equal valuc in the opinion of the committee. When the committee had performed this task, it was found that, with the exception of the four townships first selected, the Par- sons' tract, and the townships that had been previously set aside to be sold, the whole tract would amount to an equivalent of ninety-three shares. There were therefore ninety-three equalized townships or parcels to be drawn for east of the Cuyahoga.
THE DRAFT.
To entitle a shareholder to the ownership of an equalized township it was necessary for him to be the proprietor of twelve thousand nine hundred and three dollars and twenty-three cents of the original purchase of the company, or in other words, he must possess about three and three-tenths shares of the original pur- chase.
The division by draft took place on the 29th of January, 1798. The town- ships were numbered from one to ninety-three, and the numbers on slips of paper placed in a box. The names of shareholders were arranged in alphabetical order, and in those instances in which an original investment was insufficient to entitle such investor to an equalized township, he formed a combination with others in like situation, and the name of that person of this combination that took alpha- betic precedence was used in the draft. If the small proprietors were, from dis- agreement among themselves, unable to unite, a committee was appointed to select and classify them, and those selected were compelled to submit to this arrange- ment. If after they had drawn a township they could not agree in dividing it between them, this committee, or another one appointed for the purpose, divided it for them. That township which the first number drawn designated belonged to the first man on the list, and the second drawn to the second man, and so on until all were drawn. Thus was the ownership in common severed, and each individual secured his interest in severalty. John Morgan, John Cadwell, and Jonathan Brace, the trustees, as rapidly as partition was effected, conveyed by deed to the several purchasers the lands they had drawn.
The following is an abstract of the drawing of lands lying within the county of Ashtabula.
It will be borne in mind that it required twelve thousand nine hundred and three dollarsrand twcuty-thrce cents to entitle a shareholder to one of the cqual- ized townships or an average township. It frequently happened that a number united and drew several townships together. As, for example, in draft No. 61, Gideon Granger, Oliver Phelps, and Phelps and Granger united their joint money, being ninety thousand three hundred and twenty-two dollars and sixty- one cents, or seven times twelve thousand nine hundred and three dollars and twenty-three cents, which eutitled them to seven townships.
ABSTRACT OF LANDS DRAWN WITHIN ASHTABULA COUNTY.
No.
Names.
Interest of each.
Town.
Range.
Lot.
No. of Acres.
Jabez and Ashiel Adams.
$1,630.00
Moses Cleaveland
4,852.08
1 Joseph Williams.
3,693.54
William W. Williams.
959.00
8
4
15,043
Joseph Howland.
1768.6I
7
9
1
7,052
Samuel Jos. Adams.
400.00
Caleb Atwater ..
941.46
James and W. Wadsworth
4,000.00
Joseph Stocking.
3,808.00
2 Oliver Stanly.
1,500.00
Samuel Woodruff and Seth Hart.
1,500.00
Charles Hull
115.00
10
1
16,204
Jeremiah Wileox
638.77
10
8
3
2
15,400
4 Caleb Atwater.
12,903.23
12
5
1
5,790
Eliphalet Austin
3,000.00
William Battell
3,000.00
6 Samuel Rockwell.
6,768.00
Ephraim Robbins.
125.15
11
4
15,645
Eben, David, and Fidelio King ..
10.08
13
4
2
1,516
7 Josiah Barber.
2,400.00
9
3
15,755
Elisha Tracey.
10,503.23
8
8
2
3,004
Reuben and Andrew Bardell
1,600.00
Ebenezer King, Jr ..
9,663.00
David, Eben, and Fidelio King ...
5,739.92
David and Eben King.
2,506.00
Jos. Pratt, Luther Loomis, David King, Jno. )
Leavitt, Jr., Eben King, Jr., Timothy Phelps, and Fidelio King,
8,780.00
2,818
14
HISTORY OF ASHTABULA COUNTY, OHIO.
ABSTRACT OF LANDS-Continued.
No
Names.
Interest of eucli.
Town. Range. Lot.
No. of Acres.
13 Jos. Pratt, Luther Loomis, David King, Jno. ) Leavitt, Jr., Eben King, Jr., Timothy l'helps, and Fidelio King,
Martin Shellon ...
10,380.00
Ashbel King and Simon Kendall.
1,223.00
4,500,00
10
6
16,207
14
1
1
2,150
Joseph Barrell.
7,000.00
12
3
16,657
William Edwards.
1,400.00
13
3
3
2,756
Robert Brick
7,206.46 5,696.77
13
4
1 1
15,360 2,284
John II. Buell Timothy Burr
2,000.00
Elijah White.
3,000.00
28 Theodore Ely Enoch Perkins
1,745.00
Royal Tyler.
1,880.00
13
2
13,900
Ephraim Robbins
378.23
14
1
3
362
Henry Champion
93,087.00
10
8
6,348
Lemuel Storrs.
8,154.00
11
8
3
2,020
35 Judson Canfield, Jas. Johnston, David Waterman } and N. Church,
.34
8
3
15,734
Joshua Stow ..
808.00
3
6
14,684
Oliver Pholps and Gideon Granger
1,176.50
6
10
3
3,344
Hezekial Clow Isaac Mills
4,000.00
Peleg Sanford and David Wadsworth
3,200.00
Pierpout Edwards.
2,878.46
John Strost.
400.00
10
2
14,402
Simeon Griswold
24.77
6
8
5,728
46 Daniel L. Coit.
12,903.23
12
1
17,220
Daniel L. Coit.
7,176.47
Uriel Holmes, Jr.
4,733.14
47 Martin Smith
640.00
7
14,283
Nathaniel Patch.
353.62
13
3
2
3,015
55 Pierpont Edwards.
12,903.23
11
1
17,814
William Eldridge
2,000.00
8
5
15,697
Simeon Griswold
10,903,23
11
8
1
3,350
Gideon Granger, Jr.
12,700.00
2 12
5
4,256
Oliver Phelps.
47,201.00
113
3
1
4,753
Oliver Phelps and Gideon Granger, Jr.
30,421.61
5
10
1
5,493
11
5
16,439
12
2
14,942
William Hart
12,903.23
12
5
4
9
5
15,757
71 William Hart
12,903.23
7
10
1
6,732
Uriel Holmes, Jr.
6,903.23
74 Benj. Talmage and Fred. K. Walcott.
3,000.00
Roger Skinner.
3,000.00
13
1
17,485
John Kinsman
3,040.15
80
Tephaniah Swift.
3,260.00
1
15,894
Christopher Leffenwell
841.69
13
4
3
230
83 Samuel Mather, Jr.
12,903.23
5
10
3
4,817
84 Samuel Mather, Jr.
12,903.23
12
4
16,180
85 John Morgan ..
12,903.23
1 8
10
1 6,661
Samuel Parkman.
14,900.00
10
5
16,147
William Shaw.
14,600.00
7
10
3
6,171
Joseph Williams.
9,209.69
86 Samuel l'arkman
14,900.00
William Shaw
14,600.00
8
1
16,540
Joseph Williams
9,209.69
2
11
7
1,704
OTHER DRAFTS.
The second draft was made in 1802, and was for such portions of the seven townships omitted in the first draft as remained at that time unsold. This draft was divided into ninety shares, representing thirteen thousand three hundred and thirty-three dollars and thirty-three cents of the purchase-money.
The third draft was made in 1807, and was for the lands of the company lying west of the Cuyahoga, and was divided into forty-six parts, each represent- ing twenty-six thousand six hundred and eighty-seven dollars.
A fourth draft was made in 1809, at which time the surplus land, so called, was divided, including sundry notes and claims arising from sales that had been effected of the seven townships omitted in the first drawing.
QUANTITY OF LAND IN THE CONNECTICUT WESTERN RESERVE, ACCORDING TO THE SURVEY THEREOF :
Land east of the Cuyahoga, exclusive of the Parsons' tract, in acres .. Land west of tho Cuyahoga, exclusive of surplus land, islands, and Sufferers' Lands ..
Surplus land, so called ..
827,291 5,286
Cunningham or Kelly's Bass' or Bay, No. I. =
" 2
709
Islands
3
709
4.
403
" 5.
32
Parsons', or " Salt Spring Tract" Sufferers', or Fire Lands.
Total amount of acres in the Connecticut Western Reserve.
3,366,921
CHAPTER IV.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE COUNTY.
ASHTABULA COUNTY occupies the northeast corner of the State of Ohio, and of the Western Reserve. Its territorial limits embrace both land and water. The land portion is bounded on the north by Lake Erie, on the south by the county of Trumbull, on the east by the northwestern part of Pennsylvania, and on the west by the northern part of Geauga county, by Lake county, and by the waters of Lake Erie.
Its capital town is Jefferson, which is situated in the eleventh township of the third range, and is in latitude 41º 45' north, and in longitude 80° 45' 5" west. Its entire territory embraces a total area of nine hundred and seven square miles, two hundred and twenty of which are water. The land portion, in reference to which, as disunited from the water of the lake, it is more properly considered when regarding it as an organized county, contains an area of six hundred and eighty-seven square miles, and is larger, by about fifteen square miles, than any other county in the State.
Its position upon the map is in the shape of a quadrilateral, two of whose sides, the east and west boundaries, are parallel ; the other two sides are not parallel, the northern line being formed by the shore of the lake, which, in this locality, trends to the south of west, making the western boundary-line about eight miles shorter than the eastern. The county is divided into twenty-eight townships, whose names are as follows: Conneaut, Monroe, Pierpont, Richmond, Andover, and Williamsfield, in the first range; Kingsville, Sheffield, Denmark, Dorset, Cherry Valley, and Wayne, in the second range ; Ashtabula, Plymouth, Jefferson, Lenox, New Lyme, and Colebrook, in the third range ; Saybrook, Austinburg, Morgan, Rome, and Orwell, in the fourth range; Geneva, Harpersfield, Trumbull, Hartsgrove, and Windsor, in the fifth range. Had each township been an exact square five miles in length or in breadth, there would have been just four hundred and forty-eight thousand acres. Some of the townships are irregular, and contain a few more than an average township of sixteen thousand acres, and others less than this amount, the whole number of acres being four hundred and thirty-nine thousand three hundred and eighty-six.
Two ridges, lying at a considerable distance of from one-half mile to two miles from each other, traverse the northern part of the county, following the trend of the lake-shore, the soil of which is a fertile sandy loam, especially of the northern ridge. This portion of the county is well adapted to the growing of cereals and of fruits. Between the ridges the soil merges into a darker and heavier mould, while the central and southern portions of the county have a clay soil, whose nature is admirably adapted to pasturage and dairy farming. Ashtabula leads all other counties in the State in the manufacture of butter and cheese, and in the tonnage of hay produced. The surface is of a slightly undulating character, and an excellent system of drainage extends throughout the entire county. Conneaut creek and Ashtabula river, in the northeastern part of the county, with their tributaries, Grand river in the western, and the Pymatuning in the southern part of the county, with their tributaries, make this one of the best-watered districts in the State.
From an examination of the map of the county, it will be seen that a portion of the streams flow northward, emptying their waters into the lake, while the Pymatuning and Mosquito ereeks and their tributaries flow southward, pouring their waters through branches of the Ohio into that stream, and are thence car- ried to the Mississippi and finally to the Gulf of Mexico. The streams in the southwestern part of the county take this direction, and drain the territory of the townships of Williamsfield, Wayne, Colebrook, Cherry Valley, and Andover. The water which falls upon the soil of the other townships of the eounty is ear-
1
8
2
15,401
1
10
3
15,336
11
3
16,354
57
2,400.00
1
8
18,444
14
1
2
3,220
6
10
3
6,521
4
15,253
9
1
4
16,733
8
6
26 Ebenezer Hunt
$4,390.00
Ashbel King, Jno. Leavitt, Jr., and Erastus Granger Oliver Sheldon $200, and Sylvanus Griswold $400 .. Matthew Thompson and Reuben Bordwell.
600.00
2,231.00
5,924
25,450
Jos. Barrell and Win. Edwards.
17,-106.16
500,000
2749
1322
2,002,970
70
2,601
Tracey and Coit
5,761.39
9
15,200
[10
4
15,272
43
1
56
900.00
3,000.00
15
HISTORY OF ASHTABULA COUNTY, OHIO.
ried for the most part into the lake. This county therefore contains a portion of that water-shed that extends from the Allegheny mountains to the Missis- sippi, dividing the waters that flow north from those that flow south. This water- summit is of such slight clevation that it cannot be distinguished in most locali- ties from contiguous territory. The portages are very short. In some places indeed the dividing ridge resembles a depression instead of an elevation. In the southeastern corner of Dorset township there is a remarkable instance of this kind. The head-waters of the Pymatuning and of Mill creek, the former stream flowing south, and the latter north, have their source in the same marsh, across the centre of which an artificial embankment, supposed to have been formed by the beavers, has been constructed. The waters which are emptied from the same cloud, upon this embankment, flow a part down its southern slope into the Pyma- tuning, and the other part down its northern slope into Mill creek. Two particles or drops of water that were in close and friendly proximity to each other in the same storm-cloud, being precipitated upon this beavers' dam, the one flowing in the one direction, and the other in the contrary direction, are soon as widely separated from each other as the mouth of the Mississippi is distant from the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
The principal towns and villages of the county, named in the order of their population, are as follows : Ashtabula, Conneaut, Geneva, Jefferson, Rock Creek, Andover, Orwell, Kingsville, and Austinburg.
CHAPTER V.
THE GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY OF THE COUNTY .*
ASHTABULA COUNTY is situated on the water-shed or the dividing ridge between Lake Erie and the Ohio river. The formation of this ridge belongs to the geological period. The description of the streams and forests, as well as soil and scencry in the county, depends upon a knowledge of it. It should be said, however, that the whole of this great continent is connected in every part. Each locality should be studied with relation to the whole system. As the bones and blood, nerves and arteries, form the bodily mechanism, and need to be studied before we properly understand any one organ, so the rivers and lakes, valleys and mountains, form different parts of the great continent, and need to be taken into view when we are studying even a small county. Any one who will take the map of North America and consider the physical peculiarities, as well as geo- graphical divisions, will perceive that the inorganic world has its frame-work and circulatory system as well as the organic, the earth itself being a growth as well as the human body. We enter upon the province of geology as we would upon that of anatomy and physiology, and we plunge below the surface to find the bones of the continent, as we traverse the hills and valleys to discover its circu- lating system, and thus we hope to learn something of the art of world-making; the contemplation of the minutest part leading on to the profoundest problems.
THIS REGION OCCUPIED AT ONE TIME BY A GREAT SEA OF ICE.
The great valley of the Mississippi, the long line of inland lakes, and the Ohio river, with its many branches, all have their origin in the geological structure of the continent.
In looking a second time on the map, we see the great system of mountains, -of the Allegheny range upon one side, and of the Rocky mountains and Sierra Nevada on the other, with the great valley of the Mississippi between them. The eastern portion of this valley is that with which we are concerned. Here we find two great valleys in a transverse direction, one filled with the chain of the great lakes, the other with the Ohio river. It is, however, but a single valley with two channels. A range of mountains or highlands, northward of the lakes, starts from the sea-coast to the northeast, and runs far into the interior. Opposite this, and south of the Ohio river and its tributaries, is auother range of highlands, running from the Alleghenies to the Mississippi. Between the two valleys of the Ohio and the lakes is a slight ridge, which divides the waters of the one from the other. From this ridge to the northern highlands we find the decp valley, marked in green, running from the region of the Arctic ocean to the Mississippi river in a southwest direction, looking as if'a wide sea had run the whole brcadth of the eastern part of the continent from the cold regions of the north, and at last pourcd itself into the warm bosom of the Gulf of Mexico. Now, it is through this very valley, marked by the deep gorges of the lakes and by the green lowlands cast of the Mississippi river, that geologists suppose a great sca of ice to have been situated, which, during the glacial period, rested upon the upper
part of the Mississippi valley. By this great glacier, which thus ground its way, it is supposed that the basin of the lakes was gouged out of the solid rocks. By the grinding process of this great sea, too, it is supposed that the dividing ridge itself was formed, and by the trickling of the streams from beneath its sides the Ohio river and its tributaries were drawn. By the débris, also, which accumu- lated at its base the great alluvial plains and deep bottom-lands at the west were formed. By some means, however, the western part of this valley became ob- structed. Either the accumulations of the soil became a barrier, or possibly a transverse ridge was raised in the centre of the lake, where now a dividing ridge stretches from Cincinnati northward. By some means the current of the great lakes was changed, and they, with their tributaries, began to flow the other way. According to this theory, we shall need to consider the ridge which we now occupy as only the edge of this great sea or basin of icc, and with the same thcory shall we understand how the different ridges which mark the northern part of our county were formed. . It is evident it would only require the gradual rise of the land or the subsidence of the sea of ice for the lake to be formed which would fill the valley, but deposit its bar of sand and clay upon the highest hills, and afterwards recede and form a second ridge, and so come to its present level. By this process the decline from the ridge to the lake was abrupt, and the streams were short. After the sea had disappeared a great lake remained, but its beach was far above the present one. The south ridge was thus formed, and contains within its depthis not only the ground, clay, and stones, but the remains of logs, swamps, and other vegetation.
This ancient beach formed a barrier to the streams themselves, so that they . were obliged to make their way along its surface in either direction until they could find an outlet to the lake. For this reason do we find the course of streanis on the south shores of the lake so crooked, and their mouths so turned from their proper place. It is interesting, in looking at the geography, to study this crooked- mouthed family. Each stream, as it sets out, seems to go directly to the lake, but finally turns far to the westward,-the Ashtabula river emptying about where the Grand river should, and the Grand river, by mistake, making a harbor for our neighbors at Painesville. The course of these streams to the westward follows the dip of the strata or the incline of the great valley.
THE NORTH AND SOUTH RIDGES.
The water-shed, then, and the terraces form the chief topographical features of the county, this insignificant rise giving character to the soil and variety to the surface and a free drainage for the streams, while the ridges or terraces, in their manner of being formed, would account for the difference of soil along the lake- shore and the interior of the county. That there are two ridges, called the north and south ridges, is a proof that the decline or settling of the lake to its present bed was gradual or in successive stages. The character of the north ridge is eu- tirely different from that of the south ridge. "The outer or higher terrace, where exposed by railroad-cuts," J. S. Newberry, State geologist, says, " is shown to be a ridge or wall of compact, unstratified clay, composed largely of the débris of the local rocks, but with many fragments of granite and other metamorphic rocks, not rounded by the action of the waves, but in irregular forms,-round, polished, and marked with striæ and scratches on all sides." "This ridge contains bencath its surface the traces of an old swamp, with fragments of coniferous wood, the earth deeply staincd with iron, and in places with deposits of bog-iron at the bottom. The whole is now covered to the depth of about six feet with drifted sand. This swamp has its origin in the causes which raised the clay ridge into its position, and was evidently filled with swamp-vegetation at the time the waters of the lake were
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