USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > History of Cincinnati, Ohio, with illustrations and biographical sketches > Part 34
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of Little Miami pioneers at Mount Lookout, and form- ation of a pioneer society.
On the eleventh of September of this year the Rev. P. B. Aydelott, D. D., almost if not quite the only re- maining representative of the far away old-time clergy of the city, departed this life, in his eighty-sixth year. He was born in Philadelphia, January 7, 1795, studied med- icine and then theology, was ordained to the Episcopal ministry in 1820, preached in New York, in Maryland, and at Philadelphia, and came to Cincinnati in 1828 as rector of Christ church. His views subsequently changed to Presbyterianism, aud he became pastor of the Lane seminary church, and subsequently did much ministerial service in the city. As old age came on he spent much time in writing religious books and tracts, and in visiting the sick. For many years he was a director, and for the last ten years of his life president of the Western Tract society, of Cincinnati.
In October, on two successive days (26th and 27th) died two old citizens of Cincinnati. One came in 1832, the other in 1804. The former was Philip Hinkle; the latter was Edward Deering Mansfield, one of the most re- nowned and useful citizens of southwestern Ohio. No name in the records of Cincinnati, during six decades, recurs more frequently or honorably than his. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1801, and came with his father, General Jared Mansfield, to Cincinnati, four years afterwards. He was educated in the log-cabin schools here, in the Episcopal academy at Cheshire, Con- necticut, and at the West Point military academy, Prince- ton college and the Litchfield law school. He began practice in Cincinnati in 1825, and soon became promi- nent and influential, though rather in literature and pub- lic affairs generally than in law. In 1836-7 he was a professor in Cincinnati college, and about the same time very active in promoting the scheme of a railway from this city to Charleston; was from 1836 to 1852 editor of the Chronicle (part of the time a daily, and there was one year of a Month!y Chronicle, a very creditable literary mag- azine), and of the Atlas, and afterwards of the Railroad Record; was several times a member of the legislature, and was the first and only State commissioner of statistics ; and also did much public service in authorship, education and otherwise. His last years were spent in busy retirement at his farm "Yamoyden," near Morrow, Warren county, where he died full of years and honors.
Mr. Hinkle was born at Hinkletown, Pennsylvania, October 24, 1811, almost exactly sixty-nine years before his death. He was a carpenter by trade, and came from New Orleans to Cincinnati in the spring of 1832. Here he amassed wealth as a builder, a dealer in lumber and a constructor of houses for shipment to Kansas and other new States. He dispensed his money gencrously, and was an especial benefactor of the Bethel, of Lane semi- nary, and the Western Female seminary, at Oxford. His death was greatly mourned at the Bethel, where impres- sive commemoration services were held on the following Sabbath.
October Ist, Senator Conkling speaks at the Highland house; ninth, the fund for the West Art museum is
126
HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.
raised-three hundred and thirteen thousand five hun- dred and thirty-two dollars; twenty-first, the Abend Post, German daily newspaper, suspends publication.
November 17th, death at Riverside of Major Peter Zinn, an old and famous resident of the city and suburbs; nineteenth, coldest day of an uncommonly cold snap for the season; twenty-ninth, death of Oliver Perrin, a prom- inent merchant.
December 3d, the city schools celebrated Dr. O. W. Holmes' birthday; tenth, the board of public works de- cided to try Mr. David Sinton's smoke consumer on the pumping-houses; eleventh, Gay's bucket factory burns, and five firemen lose their lives ; twelfth, the grand Trades Unions' balls occur; thirteenth, the Bank of Cincinnati turns over its business to the new Citizens' bank; twenty-fourth, articles of incorporation were filed for the Cincinnati Central railroad; Christmas night, grand performance of Handel's oratorio of the "Mes- siah" at Music hall; twenty-seventh, the board of educa- tion passes an order prohibiting married women from teaching in the public schools; twenty-eighth, the Cin- cinnati Mutual Life Insurance association is incorpor- ated.
EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-ONE.
The first quarter of this year, which is all we are able to comprehend in this closing section to the annals of ninety-two years, was marked by nothing else so much in and about the city, at least in the view of the local historian, as the death of old citizens and pioneers, or representatives of pioneer families.
February 5th, at College Hill, in her eighty-second year, died Mrs. Jane White Cist, widow of Charles Cist, the author, editor, and antiquary to whose industry the writer and reader of this history, especially of these annals, is greatly indebted. Mr. Cist was a country store- keeper and postmaster at Harmony, Pennsylvania, when married to Miss White November 18, 1817. They came to Cincinnati, with four small children, February 22, 1827, in a flatboat from the mouth of Beaver river. They removed to College Hill in August, 1853, where Mr. Cist died September 5, 1869. Mr. Lewis J. Cist, the poet and essayist, is one of their children.
One of the oldest printers of Cincinnati died Febru- ary 23d, at New Burlington, Springfield township, where he had resided on a small farm for the preceding fifteen years. He was a native of London, England, came to the city about 1822, was a printer's apprentice under the famous Moses Dawson, of the Enquirer, and afterwards worked for many years in the Cincinnati offices. When he first began at the trade here, the old-fashioned buckskin balls for inking the type had not yet been superseded by the composition roller.
On the twelfth of this month, at his residence on Betts street, which was named from him, Smith Betts, a wealthy and prominent citizen, departed this life. He was born July 5, 1806, in Cincinnati, to which William Betts, his father, had come six years before, from New Jersey, with a profitable cargo, which, exchanged for a farm, laid the foundation of a fortune.
March Ist, at the Loring house, Cincinnati, deceased
one of the most widely and favorably known of the old residents of the Queen City-Mr. George Graham, who had been one of the most useful citizens of his time. He was born in Stoystown, Somerset county, Pennsyl- vania, in November, 1798, and came to this city in 1822, here entering into the wholesale dry goods business. He was afterwards a commission merchant, boat-builder and owner, a State legislator in 1830-1, for eleven years thereafter a very active and intelligent member of the board of education, to whom various reforms and the building of superior school-houses for that day were due, was an active promoter of the building of the Harrison turnpike and the founding of Jeffersonville, Indiana; and for nearly half a century was conspicuously identi- fied with almost everything that had the well-being of his adopted city in view. He was one of the charter mem- bers of the Lafayette lodge No. 81, Free and Accepted Masons, organized in 1824 in honor of the visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to this city, and delivered the address of welcome when the distinguished patriot visited the lodge. He was one of the five citizens who bought the original Cincinnati water works from Samuel W. Davies, and managed them for some years. His is a great and venerable name in the history of Cincinnati. His daughter is the wife of Mr. John M. Newton, of College Hill, librarian of the Young Men's Mercantile Library association.
The same day, at the Cincinnati hospital, William Hal- ler died, at about sixty-two years of age. He had achieved considerable local notoriety as a socialist, com- munist, and free-thinker.
Joseph Bates died March 8th, at East Walnut Hills. He was the oldest child of Clark and Rachel Bates, who in the Indian and pioneer times, and for many years afterwards, occupied the well-known Bates place in the Mill creek valley, opposite the present work house, where General Mansfield, father of the late E. D. Mansfield, lived for a time. Here the elder Bates died in 1853, aged eighty-four. His wife survived until 1861. They had seventeen children, of whom three are living at the time we write-Ethan S. Bates, president of the Spring Grove Avenue railroad, Henry M. Bates, and Mrs. Jane Cary.
In January, a company of Cincinnati capitalists was formed to introduce the electric light, of which a spec- imen was nightly flashed from the front of the Daily Commercial office. February 12th, the demolition of the Trollopean Bazaar, on East Third street, was begun by its new owners, Messrs. Emery Brothers, who were to build a tenement house upon its site, after the pattern of the French flats. During the first week in this month, the renowned French actress, Sarah Bernhardt, performed at Pike's to crowded houses; and during the last week the Operatic Festival, under the auspices of the College of Music, presented to immense audiences at the Music hall, and upon a scale never before approached in this country, a number of the finest operas known to the lyric stage.
I27
HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.
The following comparative statement, as between 1879 and 1880, of the valuation for taxation of new structures, of personalty, and of bonds, etc., will help to an under- standing of the material status in Cincinnati at this period, as well as illustrate growth during a single year :
WARDS.
CINCINNATI,
Personal- ty, 1880.
Personal- ty, 1879.
Bonds, &c., I880.
Bonds, &c., 1879.
Taxable Valuation
Taxable Valuation New Struct- New Struct- ures, 1880.
ures, 1879.
Ist
$ 680, 506 $
653,660 $ 42,485$ 56,850
$218,360
$ 86,700
2d ...
791,913
861,470
172,750
189,050
127,775
94,840
3d. . .
312,888
406,768
153,083
125, 100
25,540
20,782
4th ..
211,430
196,08I
21,050
none
10,495
6, 100
5th ..
1,582,862
1, 516, 314
108, 125
none
16,200
13,100
6th . .
1, 257,980
1,716,275
40,520
108, 100
11,200
15,780
7th ..
626,298
569,416
70, 100
82,800
30,950
37,360
8th. .
9,967,097
11,976,451
none
9,000
152,300
39,710
9th ..
1,576,461
1,661,315
37,550
157,646
21,000
51,400
Ioth ..
320, 876
309,033
71,665
56,400
50,500
28,650
IIth ..
156,872
165,373
9,100
27,950
23,475
39,330
12th ..
249,325
341,789
123,754
192,650
46,400
75,450
13th. .
679,485
519,561
none
18,200
36, 100
18, 100
14th ..
658,744
548,829
30,000
177,900
36,850
18,200
16th ..
386,986
342,798
7,350
70,400
45,300
18,200
I7th. .
752, 139
652,071
436,329
none
106, 189
15,150
18th. . 2,374, 174
2,854,228
448,140
50,000
104,300
109,980
19th ..
480,588
617,618
none
none
18,200
22,750
20th . .
422,774
515,947
34,875
36,459
24,537
30,460
2Ist . .
510,489
513,565
6,900
2,000
65,500
64,870
22d. . .
441,475
608,602
41,750
22,750
2,895
24,969
23d. . .
420, 107
480,828
96, 150
none
24,415
9,300
24th . .
354,347
409,663
none
none
32,270
25th ..
250,804
247,222
81,550
87,080
17,700
21,170
COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE POPULATION OF CINCINNATI.
WARDS 1800 1810. 1820. 1830.
I840.
1850.
I860.
1870.
I880.
Ist . .
2,357
4,819
8,866
6,845
7,371
10, 192
12,706
2d ..
3,498
6,032
5,396
8,213
4,158
3,953
9,885
3d . .
1,770
4, 192
7,314
7,668
8,313
8,644
12,487
4th. .
2,017
4,290
6,075
10,957
II,338
6,002
12,823
5th . .
5,498
9,325
5,283
5,940
6,286
8,351
6th . .
4,578
9,630
7,793
8,569
8,955
7th . .
4,81I
9,345
7,707
8,092
9,545
8th ..
14,424
13,292
17,523
7,198
9th ..
10,705
9,057
8,816
9,270
roth ..
13,032
11,519
11,054
12,205
IIth ..
12,738
6,247
11,496
12th ..
19,336
18,596
13,580
10,485
13th ..
11th & 12th
7,537
7,480
II,739
14th ..
9,035
8,836
9,103
15th ..
11,946
13,712
9, 113
16th ..
10,679
17,483
9.979
17th ..
4,025
4,880
9,398
18th ..
16,23I
9,473
19th . .
8,883
9,182
20th. .
2,350
9,445
2Ist . .
5.333
12,086
22d ..
2,362
11,899
23d . .
2,357
12,855
24th . .
1,421
10,353
25th. .
15.953
5,622
Total,
7502, 3209,642 24, 831 46, 338;
115,438 161, 044 216,239 255, 608
CHAPTER XIX.
THE GERMAN ELEMENT IN CINCINNATI.
THE omission of some notice of this, one of the most marked characteristics of the Queen City during large part of its wonderful history, would be unpardonable in a work of this class. Fortunately, the historian is spared the necessity of making the elaborate and painful research and personal inquiry necessary to present even an outline
sketch of the inception and growth of the Teutonic ele- ment here, by the well-directed labors of Governor Koer- ner, of Illinois, and his collaborators in the preparation of his valuable work, The German Element in the United States. It is published in the language of the Fatherland, from which the following pages have been neatly translated for these columns by Miss Maria A. Roelker, assistant in the Cincinnati public library.
THE PIONEER GERMAN.
In Cincinnati, the principal business city of the Ohio valley, the influence of the German element made itself felt quite early. Already, in the first years of the legal existence of the village, two Germans were elected for the chief municipal office-David Ziegler, from Heidelberg, 1802 and 1803; and Martin Baum, from Hagenau, Al- satia, 1807 and 1812. Zeigler was the first president of the then rather insignificant village.
MARTIN BAUM.
But it was especially Baum (born at Hagenau, July 15, 1761; died in Cincinnati December 14, 1831), who did so much for the rise of the German element in Cincin- nati and the Ohio valley. Through his great wealth, which he had won through many different business enterprises and used again, he helped a great deal to raise the west. Already, in the year 1803, it was principally Baum who called to life the first bank in the west, the "Miami Exporting company," whose president he remained for many years. Through this company, which carried on at the same time a great transportation business, Baum became one of the most important promoters and im- provers of the navigation of the rivers of the west. He called to life the first sugar refinery, the first iron foundry, the first woollen factory, the first steam flouring mill, and other industrial establishments of that kind. A great number of persons found work and profit in his different factories ; and, since he could not find enough good and skillful workmen in the backwoods, he would enlist in Baltimore and Philadelphia newly arrived immigrants ; and in this way led the first current of emigration towards the west. Moreover, the first ornamental garden, as well as the first vineyard, which Baum laid out at Deer creek, at present within the city boundaries, marks him as one of the most assiduous men of the west.
Not only did Baum help more than anybody else towards the progress of business life, but his taste for art, science, and literature, attracted the more cultivated men who settled here, where nature had done so much to beautify their colony. The foundation of the Lancas- terian school (1813), out of which arose the Cincinnati college (1818), was, besides Judge Burnet's, principally Baum's work. He was also many years an active mem- ber of the board of the college, and its first vice-presi- dent. Baum was also one of the original stimulators and founders of the first public library of the west (February, 1802); of the Western museum (1817); of the literary society (1818); of the society for the promotion of agri- culture in the west (1819); and of the Apollonian soci- ety (1823). In the year 1812 he was nominated for Con- gress, but refused to be a candidate, because he could not
15th ..
243,025
298, 026
none
28, 150
34,530
128
HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.
spare the time he would be compelled to be absent from his extended business.
If we consider that he was in those days the wealthiest and most respected citizen of the town; that he was also president of the Cincinnati branch of the bank of the United States; and that he stood in connection with the most important men of the land, it is clear that Baum was to the German element in the first period a power- ful support. His house, the most elegant in the town, was open to all intellectually great nien who visited Cin- cinnati, and German literary men were especially wel- come. Julius Ferdinand von Salis, cousin of the well known German lyric poet, Count Johann Gaudenz von Salis, lived with him about the year 1817. He had trav- elled through the Orient as a natural philosopher, "and wrote here," says Klauprecht, "in the retirement of this western market town, his experiences and impressions of the cradle of mankind for a German publisher, when in the year 1819 death took the pen out of his hand."
BURKHALTER.
At the same time lived also at Baum's country seat in the Deer creek valley, an anchorite, Christian Burkhalter, formerly secretary to Prince Blucher. He was born in Neu-Wied, and, driven by religious fanaticism, emigrated to America in 1816. He afterwards joined the Shakers who founded Union village in Warren county, Ohio, in 1820, where the Duke of Weimar met him in 1826. Burkhal- ter left the Shaker community again later, and founded in Cincinnati (1837) the German Whig newspaper, West- licher Merkur, whose conductor and editor he remained till 1841. In that year the name of the paper was changed into Der Deutsche im Westen, and was edited by Burk- halter and Hofle. But, as also here the result was not equal to the expended work, the paper passed in the same year over into the hands of Rudolph von Maltiz, and was named the Ohio Volksfreund. Burkhalter retired now from taking active part in a German newspaper, and be- came a silent partner in the Cincinnati Chronicle, edited by Pugh, Hefley (Hofle), and Hubbell. Already, in the year 1836, Burkhalter had taken part, with the well-known Abolitionist, James G. Birney, in the publication of the Plulanthropist, one of the first Abolition papers in the land, which appeared in Lebanon, Warren county, Ohio, after the printing rooms in Cincinnati of Achilles Pugh, editor of the same, were demolished by a mob in the summer of 1836.
ALBERT VON STEIN.
In the year 1817 Albert von Stein came also to Cincin- nati. He had gained already in the United States quite a name as an able engineer. He was the promoter and builder of the Cincinnati water-works, the first water- works of the country which were worked by pumps. Afterwards Stein was for a while engaged in Philadelphia as draughtsman for Wilson's Illustrated Ornithology. Since then he has built the water-works at Richmond and Lynchburgh, Virginia, the Appomatox canal, near Petersburgh, Virginia, and the water-works of New Or- leans, Nashville, and Mobile. Of the last-named works Stein was the owner till his death (1876). He was at the
time eighty-four years old. His family has still posses- sion of the works.
REV. DR. FRIEDRICH REESE.
At this time (1817), and soon after, Catholic and Prot- estant communities formed themselves, not only in Cin- cinnati, but also at other places in Ohio. Dr. Friedrich Reese, a very learned, active, and popular man, after- wards Bishop of Detroit, was the first German Catholic priest in Cincinnati (1825). He was born at Vianen- burgh, near Hildesheim, and had, like Pio Nono, first served in the cavalry, and then studied theology. He died at Hildesheim December 27, 1871, after having been called to Rome and given up his episcopate in 1841. In Cincinnati Reese was the founder of the scien- tific school, the Atheneum, which passed afterwards into the hands of the Jesuits, and was changed by them into the present St. Xavier college.
On a visit to Germany, (1828-29), through Reese's in- fluence the Leopoldinen institution in Vienna was called to life, and is still in existence, for the aid of poor Catho- lic missionaries. Reese wrote a History of the Bishopric of Cincinnati, which was published in 1829 at Vienna, and was otherwise busy in literary pursuits. Joseph Zàs- lein, Jakob Gûlich, and Ludwig Heinrich Meyer, were the first German Protestant pastors in Cincinnati.
GERMAN CHURCHES.
It is not our plan to follow the development of the different religious societies; but it can be stated that, particularly in Cincinnati, as well the Catholic as the Protestant churches of the Germans soon flourished; and the first named especially possess considerable real estate. The Catholics published, in 1837, the Wahrheits Freund, the first Catholic periodical of the country, at first super- intended by the present Archbishop of Milwaukee, J. M. Henni, which soon found a wide circulation through the whole west. On the Protestant side appeared for a while Der Protestant, under the superintendence of Georg Walker; and afterwards (1838) Der Christliche Apologete, a Methodist paper, conducted by Wilhelm Nast, which found also in their circles a great number of readers.
WILHELM NAST,
born July 18, 1807, studied theology, and especially phi- losophy, at the same time with David Strauss, in the cel- ebrated Tübingen institute. He emigrated to the United States in 1828; accepted, at first, a position as tutor in a private family in New York; then became teacher of the German language at the military school at West Point (1831-2); went over to the Methodist church, and be- came professor of the classic languages at different col- leges; organized German Methodism in Ohio; founded the Christliche Apologete, whose permanent editor he re- mained, and later the Sonntagschul Glocke, a juvenile paper, both the principal organs of German Methodism, of which he is the acknowledged father. His original theological works and translations are very numerous. In 1844 he went as missionary of the Methodist church to Germany, and labored there with some good results for this form of Christianity. He visited also the Evan-
--.-
-
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129
HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.
gelical Alliance convention at Berlin in 1857, trying to win a field for Methodism there.
Dr. Nast is a learned theologian and philologist. He has gained a high position in the religious circles of this country, and has done a great deal for the preservation of the German element, and especially the German language. If he had not founded the German Methodist papers, which gained such wide circulation, the Germans who went over to the Methodist church would have become quite alienated from their language and German thinking by other religious papers, to them the most favored and often their only reading. And there is no question, as orthodox as the father of German Methodism may be, his thorough education at a German university, under the direction of a man like F. C. Baur, has given him a scientific and intellectual turn of mind which must have saved him, in comparison with his many American fel- low-workers, from a too extreme tendency. He has pre- served, at least as a spiritual discipline, a great attachment for his Fatherland, and persuaded many of his young friends to visit German universities, although he must have been aware that they would change their narrow re- ligious views for wider and riper ones. He is called everywhere a man of high character, who has gained in every relation of life the esteem of his fellow men.
GERMAN JOURNALISM.
Cincinnati was especially a good soil for political news- papers. Already, in the year 1826, appeared there Die Ohio Chronik, a weekly paper; but it did not live long. In the year 1832 Karl von Bonge, Albert Lange (later a resident of Terre Haute), and Heinrich Brachmann published for election purposes a so called campaign paper, for the in- terest of the Whig party. On the seventh of October, 1834, appeared the Weltburger, edited by Hartmann, whose energies were first directed against the Democrats; but it changed in a short time its tendency and name, when it went into the hands of Benjamin Boffinger, who called it Der Deutsche Franklin, and worked for the interest of the Democratic Presidential candidate, Mr. Van Buren. But the Whig party succeeded before the election (1836) in regaining the Franklin.
The Democrats founded now the Volksblatt, directed and edited by Heinrich Rodter, with the help of several of the most esteemed Germans, as Rumelin,. Rehfuss, August Renz, and others.
HEINRICH RODTER,
born March 10, 1805, at Neustadt, on the Hardt, had already in his youth been engaged in his father's paper- factory. Overflowing with animal spirits, his youthful years had been rather stormy. Serving a short time in a Bavarian light cavalry regiment at Augsburg, helped a good deal to make a Philistine out of him. Returning home, he began to study law; but the political excite- ment which spread after the July revolution, especially along the Rhine provinces, also took hold of him. He became acquainted with the journalists, Dr. Wirth and Siebenpfeiffer, and other leaders of the agitation, as Schüler, Savoye, Geib, and Pistorius. He was especially active at the Hambacker fete; and to escape the judicial
trial threatening him, he left his well-beloved Pfalz in the summer of 1832, and came to Cincinnati, but went soon after to Columbus, where he became the director of a German Democratic paper. He returned after a short time to Cincinnati, where he directed the newly- founded Democratic paper, the Volksblatt, from the year 1836 to 1840. 4
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