History of Cincinnati, Ohio, with illustrations and biographical sketches, Part 83

Author: Ford, Henry A., comp; Ford, Kate B., joint comp
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Cleveland, O., L.A. Williams & co.
Number of Pages: 666

USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > History of Cincinnati, Ohio, with illustrations and biographical sketches > Part 83

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In its four years the department had in all about four hundred students, in the last year of its existence its classes numbering nearly double those of the medical college.

One notable episode of the short existence of this de- partment was the purchase, by its executive committee, of a literary periodical, the Cincinnati Mirror, as an organ of its interests-a proceeding which would nowadays be considered at least a very queer one. The Mirror was bought of its publishers, Messrs. Flash & Ryder, for one thousand dollars, and its name was changed to the Chronicle, which had been the name of a paper started in 1826 by Benjamin Drake, brother of Dr. Drake, and lasted till 1834, when it was merged in the Mirror. Mr. E. D. Mansfield was engaged to edit the new Chronicle, and it started off quite hopefully. The subscription list rapidly fell off under the new auspices, and of those that remained not one-half paid anything; the medical men tired of the burden, and sold out to Messrs. Pugh & Dodd, the senior of whom was also publisher of Dr. Bailey's abolition paper, and so added to the un- popularity of whatever he handled; and the Chronicle had hard work to live. It became a daily paper, how- ever, in December, 1839, and in one shape or another lasted for several years longer.

THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF MIAMI UNIVERSITY was established in Cincinnati in 1830, and went into operation during the fall of the next year. The lectures were delivered partly in the hall of the Mechanics' Insti- tute, then on Walnut street, and partly in a new building near the corner of Race and Longworth streets. The present

MIAMI MEDICAL COLLEGE

was established in 1852. It occupies its own building on Twelfth street, conveniently near the Cincinnati Hospital ; has a staff of seventeen prominent physicians, one of the largest and best medical museums in the land, the oppor- tunity of daily clinics at the hospital, and the extensive Miami College dispensatory, where about eight thousand patients annually are treated by the faculty and students,

ECLECTIC MEDICAL INSTITUTE.

This school, as its name implies, is devoted to instruc- tion in the eclectic practice of medicine. It was organ- ized in 1843, and chartered two years thereafter, with seven professorships-in anatomy, physiology and insti- tutes of medicine, materia medica and therapeutics, sur- gery, obstetrics, and chemistry and pharmacy. The stu- dents have the privileges of the clinics at the Cincinnati Hospital. The building now occupied by it, on the north- west corner of Plum and Court streets, was erected in 1871, upon the site of an old building formerly used by it.

THE PULTE MEDICAL COLLEGE

is the only school of homeopathy in the city, and oceu- pies one of the largest and most fully appointed medieal colleges in the country, at the corner of Seventh and Mound streets. It was organized in 1872, and owes its foundation mainly, as it does its name altogether, to Dr. Joseph Pulte, a leading physician of his doctrine in the city. Its faculty comprises nine professors, two lectur- ers, and one demonstrator of anatomy. Great attention is given to_practical elinieal teaching, which occupies

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nineteen out of thirty-nine lectures per week. The an- nual announcement of the college says :

Pulte College was the first to establish a thorough course of clinical instruction, which it was enabled to do, from the very large attendance of cases at the dispensary in the college building, under the charge of the clinical professors ; and the advantages have been abundantly de- monstrated by the success of the college alumni all over the country. While, therefore, this department receives such close attention, didactic instruction is by no means neglected. Students are therefore thoroughly drilled in the science and art of medicine. While these advantages are enjoyed by every matriculant, opportunity is afforded to those who wish to pursue a special line of study to fit themselves as specialists.

Whatever of trial and opposition the college has had to encounter, has served more firmly to unite its present faculty, and rally its friends in its support. Possessed of one of the finest college edifices in the country; absolutely owing no man anything, and a surplus in its treas- ury; conducting one of the largest free dispensaries in the country; backed and supported by an efficient board of trustees, composed of representative business inen, and with a faculty earnest, competent, and of large experience in the lecture field, the friends of Homeopathy and the college need have no fear of the perpetuity and continued success and usefulness of the Pulte Medical College.

The clinics are conducted at both the college and the Cincinnati hospital. Ladies are admitted to matricula- tion, but are taught separately in some of the branches. The school has already two hundred and twenty-one graduates, of whom twenty-two were graduated last year. THE CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY was founded in 1851, by physicians of the "regular" or allopathic school of practice. It is situated on the south side of George, between John and Smith streets, and, un- like some other medical schools, has two sessions a year, one from October to March, and the other from March to May, inclusive.

THE PHYSIO-MEDICAL INSTITUTE,

teaching "the doctrines of a vital force and the rejection of poisons," is situated on the northwest corner of Seventh and Cutter streets.

THE CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

is one of but nine such colleges in the United States whose diplomas, conferring the title of Graduate of Pharmacy, are granted only when the student possesses, in addition to the theoretical or scientific knowledge ac- quired by study, a practical acquaintance with the apothe- cary business, obtained by actual experience for several years previous to examination; and whose certificates of proficiency in chemistry and materia medica are granted to students having had several years' experience in the wholesale drug or chemical manufacturing business pre- vious to passing examination. It was founded in 1870, and occupies a fine building on the southwest corner of Fifth and John streets. It has three professors, who give six evening lectures per week, and also laboratory instruc- tion. Its matriculants and graduates, to the close of the session of 1879-80, numbered two hundred and twenty- five.

THE OHIO COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY

can fitly receive notice here. An excellent historical sketch of the institution was prepared for the first annual meeting of the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, and af- terwards published in the Dental Register for May, 1879. We abridge from it the following account :

Dental colleges accord with no new rule in regard to human progress;

but the thought was ripe in the minds of those giving their entire pro- fessional attention to the mouth and its adjacent organs. This thought assumed practical shape first in the State of Maryland, resulting in the establishment of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. But the dentists of the west, though fewer in number, and more widely dis- persed, were equally ripe for action; and this action asserted itself in the organization of our Alma Mater, the Ohio College of Dental Sur- gery.

The charter or act of the legislature of Ohio, by which the institution came into legal existence, was passed January 21, 1845, and constituted B. P. Aydelott, Robert Buchanan, Dr. Israel M. Dodge, William Johnson, J. P. Cornell, and Calvin Fletcher, of Cincinnati, Dr. G. S. Hampstead, of Portsmouth, and Dr. Samuel Martin, of Xenia, and their successors, a Board of Trustees, with power to establish a College of Dental Surgery in the city of Cincinnati.

In the spring of 1845 the trustecs met and organized by the appoint- ment of B. P. Aydelott, M. D., D. D., president, and Israel M. Dodge, M. D., secretary; and then organized the Ohio College of Den- tal Surgery by the creation of the following departments, viz. :

Dental Anatomy and Physiology, of which Jesse W. Cook, M. D., D. D. S., was made professor.

Dental Pathology and Therapeutics, of which Melancthon Rogers, M. D., D. D. S., was elected professor.

Practical Dentistry and Pharmacy, of which James Taylor, M. D., D. D. S., was appointed professor.

Jesse P. Judkins, M. D., was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy; and Professor Taylor agreed, for the present, to discharge the duties of Demonstrator of Practical Dentistry.

The Faculty elected Professor Cook Dean. He issued the first an- nual announcement; and the college session, for its first course of lec- tures, opened on the first Monday of November, 1845, and closed on or about the twentieth day of February, 1846, four young men receiv- ing degrees, two of whom are yet alive and in active practice. Presi- dent Aydelott delivered the opening address, conferred the degrees, and, in behalf of the college, gave each graduate a copy of the Holy Bible (a custom which has been observed ever since). Professor Cook gave the valedictory address to the graduates. And thus ended the first voyage of our Alma Mater on the sea of science.

For the second session the venerable Christian philosopher, Elijah Slack, D. D., LL. D., was appointed lecturer on chemistry, and, it is believed, delivered the first course of lectures on this science ever given to dental students.

In 1847 Professor Cook resigned his chair, and the trustees filled it by electing J. F. Potter, M. D., and the faculty appointed Dr. William M. Hunter demonstrator of mechanical dentistry.

In 1848 Professors Rogers and Potter resigned, and George Menden- hall, M. D., was elected professor of dental pathology and therapeu- tics, and John T. Shotwell, M. D., professor of anatomy and physi- ology. The faculty appointed A. M. Leslie, D. D. S., demonstrator of mechanical dentistry, and Charles H. Raymond, lecturer on chemistry.

In the department of anatomy Professor Shotwell was succeeded by Thomas Wood, M. D .; he by C. B. Chapman, M. D .; he by Charles Kearns, M. D .; he by William Clendenin, M. D. The character and standing of the professors elected to teach this science, show the high estimate placed upon it by the trustees and stockholders of the college.

In 1850 a professorship of mechanical dentistry was created, and A. M. Leslie, D. D. S., was elected to the new chair, which place has since been held by John Allen, D. D. S., H. R. Smith, D. D. S., M. D., Joseph Richardson, M. D., D. D. S., C. M. Wright, D. D. S., J. A. Watling, D. D. S., William Van Antwerp, D. D. S., M. D., N. S, Hoff, D. D. S., and J. R. Clayton, D. D. S., whom to name is to eulogize our Alma Mater.

The department of chemistry struggled for existence. After Dr. Ray- mond, G. L. Van Emon, D. D. S., was appointed lecturer in 1851. And in 1853 George Watt, M. D., succeeded him as lecturer ; and he was in turn succeeded by George M. Kellogg, M. D. In 1855 the science was regarded as worthy of a professorship, a new chair was cre- ated, called "Chemistry and Metallurgy," and George Watt, M. D., D. D. S., was elected to fill it. The position has since been filled by H. A. Smith, D. D. S., S. P. Cutler, D. D. S., J. G. Willis, M. D., D. D. S. (?), and J. S. Cassidy, M. D., D. D. S., who is the present incum- bent.

The chair of pathology, after the resignation of Professor Menden- hall, was filled by the election of J. B. Smith, M. D .; and this posi- tion has been subsequently held by George Watt, M. D., Edward Rives, M. D., F. Brunning, M. D., and A. O. Rawls, D. D. S., the present incumbent.

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

In 1851 a chair of operative and mechanical dentistry was created, and John Allen, D. D. S., was elected to fill it. In 1853 this was divid- ed, leaving the department of operative dentistry to Professor Allen, who in 1854 resigned the ehair, and was succeeded by Jonathan Taft, D. D. S., who occupied the place till March, 1878.

A chair of clinical dentistry was established (at a date not now recol- lected), and was filled at various times by W. T. Arrington, D. D. S., J. A. Watling, D. D. S., C. R. Butler, D. D. S., William Taft, D. D. S., M. D., H. M. Reid, D. D. S., J. I. Taylor, D. D. S., and H. A. Smith, D. D. S., the present incumbent.

Additional studies, other than those indicated by the names, were added to most, if not all the departments, such as dental hygiene, mi- croscopy, histology, metallurgy, materia medica, etc., and special pro- fessorships were from time to time provided for the departments of oral surgery, irregularities, etc. And besides these, special clinical instruct- ors have been selected for many years, from among those in the dental profession of high repute as operators. It is probably that our college was the pioneer in this direction; but, at any rate, the example has been weil and profitably followed.

Previous to the session of 1851 the duties of the college were dis- charged in a building leased for the purpose. True, it had been mainly built by the distinguished educator, John L. Talbot, with special refer- ence to the wants of this college. The lease, for ten years, included the privilege of purchase. By correspondence and personal solicitation, arrangements were inade to buy the building, shares of stock having been issued, which were promptly taken by members of the profession and a few others interested in dental education. It would be unjust should we fail to give Professor Taylor due credit for this effort. Ac- cordingly, in November, 1851, the college session was opened in a building owned by the profession, and specially dedicated, for all time, to the cause of dental education, which was another new thing under the sun.

The stockholders held their first regular meeting in the lecture-room of the college, February 19, 1852. Dr. Charles Bonsall was called to the chair, and Dr. Thomas Wood was appointed secretary. Drs. Thomas Wood, H. R. Smith and James Taylor, were appointed to report a draft of a constitution for an Ohio college dental association, which, after some modifications, was adopted.

The first election of officers resulted in the selection of James Tay- lor, President; W. M. Wright, First Vice President; Thomas Wood, Second Vice President; Charles Bonsall, Secretary; Edward Taylor, Treasurer. And thus was the Association organized and equipped for action; and it lias had virtual control of the College ever since, in its educational as well as in its financial aspects. Eighteen members were present, and signed the constitution.

At this first meeting the stockholders generously relinquished their interest on stock, for the good of the college, for three years; and this principle of generosity has ruled ever since. New shares of stock were issued and taken.

In 1854 the old building, purchased from Mr. Talbot, having been found inadequate to the growing wants of the College, the stockholders took steps toward the erection of an entirely new edifice. As the loca- tion, College street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, was central, it was decided to rebuild on the same ground. With marvellous energy and promptness the new building was erected and furnished in time for the opening of the ensuing course of lectures. This is the first building erected for the sole and special purpose of dental education.

In 1865 a change in the charter and general management of the Col- lege occurred. Progress has ever been, and still is, the watchword of our Alma Mater. Onc object of the change was to bring the institu- tion more directly under the immediate supervision and control of the College association. A new act, adapted to this end, and in pursuance of it, was passed by the legislature.

Three trustees, of a board of nine, are now annually clected by and from the members of the College association.

A radical and advanced step, in the cause of dental education, was taken by the College association and board of trustees, on the fifth of March, 1867. This is of sufficient importance to be given in full, and is accordingly here appended :

"REGULATIONS

of the Ohio Dental College, adopted by the Dental College Association and Board of Trustees, March 5. 1875.

"Ist. An extension of the session to five months.

"2d. A preliminary examination, the requirements of which shall be a good English education.

"3d. There shall be two classes, junior and senior; the first shall con-

sist of first course students, the second of those who are candidates for graduation.

"4th. The studies of these classes shall be arranged as follows:

"First year or junior class-Anatomy, embracing dissections, Physiol- ogy, Histology, Inorganic Chemistry, Metallurgy, and Mechanical Dentistry.

"Second year or senior class-Histology, Pathology, Dissections, Organic Chemistry, Therapeutics, Operative Dentistry, and Dental Hygiene.

"5th. Members of the junior class will be required to pass an exam- ination on the branches studied before entering the senior class. This may be at the close of the junior or the beginning of the senior course, at the option of the student. When this examination is satisfactory, a certificate of the fact, bearing the seal of the college, shall be given to the student, which shall entitle him to enter the senior class.

"6th. Applicants for admission to the senior class must pass a satis- factory examination of the junior course, except when, in special cases, the faculty may allow them to take a part of the junior course in con- nection with the senior, in which case this part of their examination will be deferred till the close of the senior term."

The division of the course with "junior" and "senior" studies, and the requirements in the first clause of the fifth section, viz: "Members of the junior class will be required to pass an examination on the branches studied before entering the senoir class," were at this time, probably, new features in collegiate study.

The influence of this college on the dental profession, and on society in general, can never be over-estimated. It is not claiming too much when we state that her alumni have done their full share of solid think- ing for our profession, especially in the last thirty years. They have furnished leading text-books, leading writers for the periodical press, leading speakers and thinkers in the dental associations, leading inves- tigators and experimenters, while they have not fallen behind any in collateral science and social qualities. It will be noticed at a glance that the professorships in our Alma Mater, through all the changes made necessary by time and circumstance, have been mainly hield by her own alumni, except where it was thought best to fill certain special chairs from the medical profession. She always knew where to find the men she needed, and the thoroughness of her teachings rendered it quite unnecessary to go beyond the pale of her own family. Other dental schools also found in the ranks of her sons the teachers wanted for their new institutions.

The faculty of the college comprises seven professors, five demonstrators, two lecturers, and one instructor, besides fifteen clinical instructors. Clinics for instruc- tion in practical dentistry are given in the college infirm- ary every afternoon. The surgical and other clinics at the Cincinnati hospital are also open to the students. Three hundred and ninety-three graduates were enumer- ated to the close of the session of 1879-80, of which thirty-one were then graduated.

DENTAL INTERESTS

in the city are also cared for by the Cincinnati Dental society and by the Dental Register, a monthly periodical now in its thirty-fifth volume. It was started in 1847, as the Dental Register of the West, by Dr. James Taylor, of the Dental college, as a quarterly.

THE CINCINNATI MEDICAL SOCIETY

was organized during or before 1819. All else that we have been able to learn of it is that Elijah Slack was president in the year given; O. B. Baldwin, vice presi- dent; John Woolley, secretary; and William Barnes, treasurer. Several of these honored names reappear in the official connections below.

THE MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY.

One of the earliest medical societies in Cincinnati had this euphonious name. It was formed at a meeting of local physicians, held January 3, 1820, in the lecture-

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

room of the museum. Dr. Marshall was chairman and Mr. Higgins secretary. The zealous and ever-ready Dr. Drake had a constitution in hand, and without delay it was taken up, and, after some amendment, adopted by a large majority as the organic act of the society. It pro- vided that its name should be the Cincinnati Medico- Chirurgical society; that its meetings should be held at Cincinnati ; that its members should be in two classes, honorary and junior-"the former to consist of practi- tioners of physic and surgery, or gentlemen eminent in its collateral sciences, residing in the Western country, and especially in the State of Ohio; and the latter to be composed of students of medicine, who shall be admit- ted in such manner and under such regulations as the society may approve;" that a dissertation should be se- cured for each meeting, suitable for discussion, "or at least a debate on some professional topic, in which it shall be the duty of the member proposing the topic to parti- cipate;" that provision should be made for the publication of the most worthy of the papers submitted; that a lib- rary of journals of medicine, surgery, and the auxiliary sciences should be formed, "embracing those hereto- fore published and still continued, both in Europe and the United States;" and the usual provisions as to officers and members of the society were made. Article 7 pro- vided that "every motion for the removal of an officer or the expulsion of a member must be made in writing by two members, at a meeting previous to that at which it is acted on, and must receive the suffrages of three- fourths of the members to render it valid."

The by-laws of this body, submitted by a committe and adopted at a subsequent meeting, provided for week- ly meetings of the society from November to February inclusive, and monthly meetings the rest of the year, the latter "at twilight in the evening;" and that "no session shall be protracted beyond ten o'clock." Medical gentle- men kept early hours in those days. Every candidate for junior membership must, under the by-laws, pass the inquest of a committee of three members into his moral character and scientific attainments; and even upon their favorable report he was not to be admitted or balloted for until he produced and read a dissertation on some med- ical subject and sustained an examination upon the same before the society. He was to be formally advised of the objects of the institution when he was introduced by the secretary and notified of his election by the presid- ing officer. He was then to pay two dollars into the treasury. It was no small matter to go through all the circumlocution necessary to get into this pioneer guild of the medicine-men. Members were not to be interrupted while speaking, except upon a mistake or misstatement, wher. the chair was entitled to call them to order. No member could retire from a session of the society except upon permission granted by the chair. Twenty-five cents fine was imposed for each case of non-attendance upon the stated meetings of the society.

The first officers-elect of the society were: Dr. Daniel Drake, president; Mr. Elijah Slack, senior vice-president ; Dr. V. C. Marshall, junior vice-president ; Dr. B. F. Bed- inger, corresponding secretary; Dr. John Woolley, re-

cording secretary; Dr. C. W. Trimble, librarian and treasurer.

At the adjourned meeting of the society January 7, 1820, a paper was read by Dr. Bedinger on the bilious epidemic fever which appeared in Kentucky in the year 1818; and the following question was proposed for dis- cussion: "Are medicines absorbed and carried into the circulation?" The first stated meeting was held a week from that date, when Dr. Drake read a paper on the modus operandi of medicines, and Dr. Marshall offered for the next meeting a paper on cholera infantum. Other papers read at succeeding sessions were: Obstructed Glands, by Dr. Vethake; Life, by Dr. Bedinger; Hydro- cephalus, by Mr. O'Ferrall; Death, by Dr. Vethake; Ty- phus Fever, by Mr. Wolf; the Management of and Im- proved Apparatus for Fractures of the Thigh, Dr. Hough; Scrofula, Mr. Wolf; Bilious Remittent Fever, Dr. Hough ; and other topics of similar importance were treated, by both honorary and junior members. Some of the questions debated were: "Is scrofula an hereditary disease?" "Is the opinion that supposes inflammation to consist in de- bility of the capillary vessels sufficient for the explanation of the phenomena of that disease?" "Is the proximate cause of primary and secondary inflammation the same?" "Does nosology constitute a necessary or useful part of the education of a physician?" "Can respiration be con- tinued independent of volition?" "Is the theory that supposes cuticular absorption founded on fact?"

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History of Cincinnati, Ohio, with illustrations and biographical sketches, Part 83

Author: Ford, Henry A., comp; Ford, Kate B., joint comp Publication date: 1881 Publisher: Cleveland, O., L.A. Williams & co. Number of Pages: 666

Author: Ford, Henry A., comp; Ford, Kate B., joint comp
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Cleveland, O., L.A. Williams & co.
Number of Pages: 666