History of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, Ohio; their past and present, Part 113

Author: Nelson, S.B., Cincinnati
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: Cincinnati : S. B. Nelson
Number of Pages: 1592

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JOHN MILTON SCUDDER, M. D., was born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, on Septem- ber 8, 1829. Losing his father at an early age, he was thrown upon his own re- sources for sustenance and education, so that the business of his life was not com- menced until he had reached the age of twenty-six. He was educated at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, and received his medical education in the Eclectic Medi- cal Institute of Cincinnati, from which he graduated in 1856. In the year follow- ing his graduation he received the appointment of professor of anatomy in his alma mater, and afterward filled the chair of obstetrics and diseases of women and chil- dren. A few years later he was appointed to the chair of pathology and practice of medicine, which he has ably filled to the present time.

As an author Dr. Scudder has been untiring in his efforts, and has met with extraordinary success. His first effort, in this direction was made in 1858, when he published a practical treatise on the diseases of women. This was followed by a work on Materia Medica and Therapeutics, 1860; The Eclectic Practice of Medicine, 1864; The use of Inhalations, 1865; A Domestic Medicine, 1866; The Principles of Medicine, 1867; Specific Medication, 1871; Diseases of Children, 1867; The Reproductive Organs and Venereal Diseases, 1874; and Specific Diagnosis, 1874. In addition to these works he has edited and published the Eclectic Medical Jour- nal (established in 1833) since 1862, and has contributed regularly and largely to its pages to the present time.

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Since he was elected dean and treasurer of the Eclectic Medical Institute, during its dark days of the Civil war and of the discussions between rival factions, he has raised the institution to a high position among the scientific colleges of the country; and it is to-day conceded to be the foremost of Eclectic colleges. The alumni of the college, who are scattered throughout the land, and who now number over 3,100, are known to be the most successful physicians in their several localities, a fact, which of itself is the best commendation of the superior teachings received by them from their Alma Mater. Few writers or teachers have accomplished so much as Dr. Scudder. His works are recognized as authority by, and are found in the libraries of, not only eclectic physicians, but the progressive men of all schools of medicine; and it is safe to say that the physician who is guided by them in his practice will not fail to be a successful practitioner. Dr. Scudder is a member of the National Eclectic Medical Association, of the Ohio State Eclectic Medical Society and the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Society, and an honorary member of several State associations. He is still actively engaged as a practitioner, teacher, and student of medicine, and constantly watches the incessant progress and devel- opment of the healing art.

On September 8, 1849, Dr. Scudder married Jane Hannah, by whom he had five children, of whom one daughter is living. On February 4, 1861, he married Mary Hannah, a sister of his first wife, by whom he has had five children, all boys, of whom two are graduates of their father's Alma Mater. Dr. Scudder has recently published revised and enlarged editions of his works, and is still the active editor of the Eclectic Medical Journal. He is a regular attendant at the meetings of his State Society, and the national organization. [Since the foregoing was written, Dr. Scud- der died. ] A short time before his death he wrote biographical sketches of Drs. John King, Andrew Jackson Howe, Frederick John Locke, J. A. Jeancon, John U. Lloyd, Lyman Watkins, William Lowry Dickson, William Boyd Scudder, and Edward Freeman; he also prepared the following history of Eclectic Medicine, which is fol- lowed by the biographies referred to:

A History of Eclectic Medicine. On May 3, 1830, the following resolution was adopted by the Reformed Medical Society of the United States:

"Resolved, That this Society deem it expedient to establish an additional school in some town on the Ohio River, or some of its tributaries, in order that the people of the West may avail themselves of the advantages resulting from a scientific knowledge of Botanic medication."

In this resolution we have the origin of the Eclectic practice of medicine in the West, and indeed in the United States, for the men who established the new col- lege became its principal supporters, and their investigations gave force and strength to the practice. In accordance with the resolution a school was established at Worthington, Ohio. in 1832, under a university charter obtained by Bishop Chase, Prof. T. V. Morrow being the leading spirit. These earlier Eclectics were a sturdy class of men. Seeing the risks of regular medicine, and knowing the superiority of the milder means, they did vigorous battle for what they deemed right, and against what they believed a gross wrong. They firmly believed that the lancet, calomel, blue pill, antimony, and associate antiphlogistic means, were killing thousands and wreck- ing the health of millions; and they said so in plain English. " Martyrs are the seed of the church," and the persecution meted out to the fathers of Eclecticism with no stinted hand had much to do with its growth. Writing in 1836, Prof. Morrow states : "There are now in different sections of the United States, about two hundred regu- larly educated medical Reformers, besides a considerable number of old-school phy - sicians who have openly declared themselves in favor of the new practice."

The college was continued at Worthington with varying success nntil 1842, when it was decided to remove it to Cincinnati, a larger place being deemed more desirable on very many accounts. A first course of lectures was delivered in 1843-44, and a.

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

second the succeeding year without a charter, when in 1845 the Eclectic Medical In- stitute was chartered by special act of the legislature, and a full Faculty organized. Its Faculty was composed of Profs. T. V. Morrow, M. D. ; B. L. Hill, M. D. ; H. Cox, M. D. ; L. E. Jones, M. D .; A. H. Balbridge, M. D., and James H. Oliver, M. D. In 1849 Profs. Gatchell and Stallo became members of the Faculty, and a chair of bom- eopathy was established and filled by Prof. Storm Rosa. In 1850 Prof. Morrow died of dysentery, and Prof. I. G. Jones, of Columbus, was appointed to the chair of Practice of Medicine, and Prof. J. R. Buchanan to the chair of Physiology, and in 1851, Profs. John King, R. S. Newton and Zoheth Freeman became members of the Faculty.

The college has been prosperous from its commencement, the classes being larger than its most sanguine friends could have anticipated. The death of Prof. Morrow was a misfortune, and the jealousies of its earlier professors a continuous drawback; yet every year brought an increasing number of students, and an increased reputa- tion for its graduates. In time the petty quarreling ceased, and the members of the Faculty worked together for the common good, feeling that individual success was best secured in this way. A prominent characteristic of the progress of this school has been the earnestness with which they maintained their belief in the face of most bitter opposition, always eclectic and always ready to do battle for the name and teaching it expressed.

In 1856 a lack of harmony in the Faculty took place, resulting in the formation of the Cincinnati College of Eclectic Medicine and Surgery, which competed for the patronage of Eclectic students up to the reunion of the schools in 1859. The Eclec- tic Medical Institute now stands as godmother to the graduates of this school, renew- ing their diplomas when destroyed. Since that date the workings of the Institute have been smooth, the advancement in the standard of medical education steady, and all the actions of the Faculty harmonious. The following is a resume of the mini - mum requirements for graduation during the different periods of the existence of the Institute: 1845-1871-Three years reading, with two sessions attendance, or four years practice in lieu of one session. After this date (1871) no honorary degrees were . granted, and none such are enumerated in the following pages. 1871-1878-Three years reading and two sessions attendance. 1878-1890-Three years reading and two sessions attendance, not consecutive in the same college year; or one years read- ing and three sessions; or four sessions without previous reading. Since 1890- Students applying for graduation must have read medicine for four years and attended three sessions of lectures, six months each in different college years. (All time of reading includes college attendance). All students must take the spe- cial laboratory courses, attend the Cincinnati Hospital two sessions, and make three dissections.

There are now eight Eclectic colleges in the United States. Although few in number they are the peers of the majority of the regular schools. There are eleven monthly journals and newspapers published in the interest of Eclecticism. Eclectics have hospitals devoted exclusively to their interests in Cincinnati and Springfield, Ohio, St. Louis, Chicago, San Francisco and New York. They are also represented on the staff of several public hospitals in the large cities. Of the ninety thousand physicians now practicing in the United States fully twelve thousand are Eclectics. There are about seventy-five Eclectic physicians practicing in Hamilton county, chiefly in Cincinnati and suburbs. The following are connected with the Faculty of the Eclectic Medical Institute: John M. Scudder, F. J. Locke, R. L. Thomas, E. Freeman, W. E. Bloyer, Z. Freeman, J. A. Jeancon, J. U. Lloyd, R. C. Wintermute, W. L. Dickson, W. Byrd Scudder, H. W. Felter, E. R. Freeman, George W. Brown, Henrietta C. Dorman, Charles G. Smith and J. K. Scudder.

The following physicians are members of the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Society residing in Hamilton county: F. M. Baldwin, J. M. Baker, Ebon Behymer, E. T.

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Behymer, Edwin Behymer, J. J. Blair, D. D. Borger, J. N. Bradley, W. C. Cooper, J. Ferris, Sara V. Groff, William O. C. Harding, D. W. McCarthy, J. S. McClel- land, Orrie P. McHenry, Mrs. E. T. Matthews, J. T. Ricker, A. E. Rodgers, Sarah M. Siewers, John R. Spencer, Charles M. Sparks, E. A. Squier, Jennie S. Tarrant, Charles W. Tidball, Henry Voll, Sam H. Spencer, William L. Snyder, William W. Barber and H. F. Scudder.

JOHN KING, M.D., was born in New York City, January 1, 1813, and died June 19, 1893. He graduated at the Reformed Medical College of New York. In 1840 he was induced to move west, where he finally located in Cincinnati. In 1849 he was called from that city to occupy the chair of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Medi- cal Jurisprudence in the Memphis University, Tennessee, which position he held till 1857, when he accepted the professorship of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, which chair he occupied till June, 1890. In addition to his voluminous writings upon medical and other subjects that have appeared from time to time in various journals and papers, the following works are also from his pen: "The American Dispensatory," J853, which passed through eight editions; " American Obstetrics," 1855, of which three editions have been issued; "Women, their Diseases and their Treatment," 1858; "The Microscopist's Companion," 1859; " The American Family Physician," 1860; and in 1866 he published his celebrated work on "Chronic Diseases." He was a mem- ber of the Ohio State Eclectic Medical Society, and of the National Eclectic Medical Association, and filled several honorable positions in civil life.

ANDREW JACKSON HOWE was born on the 14th of April, 1826, in Paxton, Mass., and died June 16, 1892. His parents were Samuel H. Howe and Elizabeth Moore Howe, who resided on an ancestral estate where for generations the Howe family. had been raised. He was the fourth of nine children-four sons and five daughters. After the common-school career of New England, he fitted for college at Leicester Academy and entered Harvard University in 1849, graduating in the class of 1853. He studied medicine in Boston, New York and Philadelphia, and took his profes- sional degree at the Worcester Medical Institution. He entered upon the practice of medicine in Worcester, Mass. In 1863 he was appointed to the chair of Anatomy in the Eclectic Medical Institute, and in 1871 he was transferred to the chair of Sur- gery, which position he has since occupied. He is the author of "Art and Science of Surgery," a "Treatise on Fractures and Dislocations," "Manual of Eye Sur- gery," and "Operative Gynecology." Dr. Howe was a member of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, the University Club, Cuvier Club, and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. For several years Prof. Howe had been a regular contributor to the pages of the Eclectic Medical Journal, and had written much pamphlet literature on miscellaneous subjects. In the lecture-room, as teacher, Prof. Howe was a fluent and forcible speaker, and rapidly made black-board sketches to illustrate topics under discussion. His reputation as an operative sur- geon extended through a wide range of territory, and embraced the most difficult cases in surgery. In the course of his surgical career he contributed many original ideas of value to medical and surgical practice. In 1856 Dr. A. J. Howe was mar- ried to Georgiana Lakin, of Paxton, Mass. They had no children. In 1886 they made a somewhat extensive tour of Europe, his object, in fact, being to visit the hospitals of that country.

FREDERICK JOHN LOCKE, M.D., was born in the city of London, England, on the 7th of December, 1829. Was educated at Christ's College, Newgate street, in the same city; read medicine with Dr. Edwards, Blackfriar's Road, London. At the breaking out of the Civil war in this country, he was practicing medicine in Waverly, Pike Co., Ohio. Entered the service August, 1861, as captain of Company D, Thirty-third O. V. I. Was promoted to major, March 23, 1862, and to lieutenant- colonel July 16 in the same year. In 1864 he graduated at the Eclectic Medical

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Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. Practiced medicine in Newport, Ky., since 1864. Was city physician of Newport for six years, having charge of the city hospital, jail and all out-door poor. Was appointed professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the Eclectic Medical Institute in 1871, which chair he has held with great credit to himself and his important branch of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. He resides in Newport, Kentucky.

J. A. JEANCON. M. D., was born in Cambray, Department du Nord, France, April 28, 1831. Was sent to school in Berlin, Germany, when he was twelve years of age, and subsequently, at the age of fourteen, was sent to school in Turin, Italy, in order to learn German and Italian. He spent about a year in each place. When he was fifteen, he attended French schools at Paris, studying the classics and mathe- matics, and in 1850 he went to London, England. where he entered the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, and continued there until 1854, when he was qualified for the practice of medicine and surgery by the Royal College of Surgeons, England, in the class of 1854. Shortly thereafter he left England and came to this country, where he engaged in the practice of his profession until the summer of 1861, when he was commissioned assistant-surgeon of the Thirty-second Regiment of Indiana Volunteers, and in April, 1862, he was promoted surgeon of that regiment. Having been badly injured in the early part of the war, he was detached from his command, and was detailed on hospital duty in different parts of the South, and ultimately at Evansville, Ind. He was most of the time acting superintendent of a number of gen- eral hospitals, or in charge of one hospital, as his health would permit. He stayed in the service of the United States until the summer of 1865, when after leaving it he resumed the practice of the profession in civil life, and has continued it until the present time. He was appointed to the chair of Physiology and Chemistry in the Eclectic Medical Institute in 1874, which he held until 1878, then the chair of Phy- siology until 1891.

JOHN U. LLOYD was born in West Bloomfield, N. Y., April 19, 1848, and four years later moved to Boone county, Ky. In his early age he had a preference for chemistry, and at the age of fifteen he entered the drug store of W. J. M. Gordon. In this position he applied himself with earnest endeavor to secure a practical knowledge of all the facts relative to the indigenous drugs which came under his observation. In 1871 he entered the establishment of H. M. Merrell & Co., and in 1877 he gained a partnership in this firm by his excellent management. In 1878 he was elected to the chair of Chemistry in the Eclectic Medical Institute, and in 1883 to the same in the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy. As a lecturer he holds the close attention of his entire class, and both in chemistry and pharmacy he is enabled to tell them from his extensive practical knowledge much of unusual interest and value. In 1880 he published the "Chemistry of Medicines." Later a supplement to "King's American Dispensatory;" then a work on " Elixirs." His contributions to the different pharmaceutical and medical journals have been many and varied and of inestimable value in advancing our knowledge of plant medicines. His work in editing the " Drugs and Medicines of North America " is of special value in this same direction. - [Pharmaceutical Record, Jan. 1, 1885.

LYMAN WATKINS was born May 1, 1854, at Blanchester, Clinton county, Ohio. His father, Dr. Jonas Watkins, received his medical education at Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, but soon becoming dissatisfied with old-school practice became an early convert to Eclecticism, and is one of the pioneers of the State. Dr. Lyman Watkins attended the public school and high school in his native village, and in 1874 entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio; from there he came direct to the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, graduating in the spring of 1877. He engaged in the practice of medicine with his father in Blan- chester, in the meantime taking a course of lectures at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1881-82 the Doctor was successful in establishing a lucrative

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

practice, and in 1888 was elected secretary of the Ohio State Eclectic Medical Asso- ciation, and the following year was elected president of the same body. In the meantime he was also elected secretary and subsequently vice-president of the Cin- cinnati Eclectic Medical Society. In 1890 he was selected to fill the chair of his- tology and microscopy in the Eclectic Medical Institute, and in 1891 was promoted to the chair of physiology which he now holds. He is also clinical professor of general diseases at the College Dispensary, and editor of the specific medication department of the Eclectic Medical Journal.

WILLIAM LOWRY DICKSON, son of the late Hon. William Martin Dickson, was born in Cincinnati, March 7, 1856. After a thorough preparatory course of education, acquired in the city schools, he entered Yale College, graduating therefrom in the class of 1878. Returning to Cincinnati, he commenced reading law under the direc- tion of his father, and was admitted to the Bar in 1881, after a comprehensive, sys- tematic and severe course of instruction. While studying law, and for a time after being admitted, Mr. Dickson was instructor of Latin and Greek in the Cincinnati schools, after which he took up practice, which has steadily advanced and developed into a lucrative as well as into a highly important one. As a lawyer, Mr. Dickson is chiefly distinguislied for the care and attention bestowed on the preparation of his cases, and the profound and exhaustive researches into all the points bearing upon tliem. His scholarly attainments, together with the gift of a natural and easy flow of language, renders him particularly well qualified for his chosen profession, a fact which his large clientage and high standing at the Bar clearly demonstrates. In addition to his law practice, Mr. Dickson is lecturer on medical jurisprudence in the Eclectic Medical Institute, a position which is in itself a distinguishing mark of honor.

WILLIAM BYRD SCUDDER, M. D., was born in Avondale, Hamilton Co., Ohio, December 12, 1869. He received his preliminary education in the public schools, and attended the Cincinnati University two years, paying special attention to ana- lytical chemistry under the direction of Prof. T. H. Norton. He graduated at the Eclectic Medical Institute after attending four sessions, in June, 1890. He attended the summer sessions in Ophthalmology and Otology, in 1890 and 1891, in the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, New York City. He has had charge of the chemical laboratory of the Eclectic Medical Institute during 1890- 91, and lectured and had charge of the clinics in ophthalmology and otology in 1891-92.

EDWIN FREEMAN, M. D., professor of surgery in the Eclectic Medical Institute, was born in Milton, Queen's Co., Nova Scotia, January 1, 1834. His ancestors emi- grated from England to Cape Cod, Mass., and thence to Nova Scotia.

After completing his collegiate education our subject began the study of medicine. He went to Cincinnati in 1854, and there pursuing his studies graduated in 1856. He was demonstrator of anatomy until 1860, when he was appointed professor of anatomy in the Eclectic Medical Institute. In 1862 he was assistant-surgeon Second Regiment, Home Guards, for the defense of Cincinnati. On November 7, 1862, after examination by the medical board at Washington City, he was appointed, by President Lincoln, assistant-surgeon United States Volunteers, and was assigned to duty with the light artillery of the Ninth Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, then before Fredericksburg. Va. He was on duty with the Ninth Army Corps on the James River, and in central Kentucky; at Vicksburg, Miss., and at Knoxville, Tenn., in the siege and battle of Fort Sanders. In 1863 he was appointed, by the surgeon- general, a member of the board of examiners for surgeons and assistant-surgeons United States Volunteers, to sit at Cincinnati. He went to the city, but his orders were changed and he joined the Ninth Corps at Vicksburg. The fatal typho-malarial fever prostrated him while there, and he was slow recovering from its effects. In February, 1864, he was ordered to duty in the hospitals at Columbus, Ohio. On

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March 30, 1864, he was promoted and commissioned surgeon United States Volun- teers, by the President, and confirmed by the Senate. Continued ill health caused him to offer his resignation from the service, which was accepted April 19, 1864.

On June 28, 1864. Dr. Freeman was married to Miss Rozella A. Ricker, of Locust Corner, Clermont Co., Ohio, eldest daughter of Maj. Elbridge Ricker. In 1866 he was appointed professor of anatomy in the Eclectic College of the City of New York, removed to that city, and in 1870 was appointed professor of surgery. He was re-appointed professor of anatomy in the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati in 1871, and returned to that city. He occupied the chair worthily until 1887, when he resigned from the college on account of persistent ill health, and removed to Cali- fornia. In the spring of 1892 he returned to Cincinnati, and was then appointed professor of surgery in the Eclectic Medical Institute. His family consists of two sons: E. R. and Z. F., and one daughter, Zella M. Freeman. E. R. Freeman, M. D., is now assistant to the chair of surgery.

JOSEPH H. PULTE, M. D .* The first pioneer of Homeopathy in Southern Ohio of whom we have any account was Joseph H. Pulte, M. D., born in Mescheel, West- phalia, Germany, October 6, 1811. His father was medical director in one of the government institutions for the education of midwives. After completing a thorough literary course, Dr. Pulte graduated in medicine at the University of Marburg.

In the spring of 1834 he and his oldest brother landed in New York. His brother proceeded directly to St. Louis, Mo., while the Doctor settled at Cherryville, Northampton Co., Penn., where he formed the acquaintance of Dr. William Wessel- hoff, by whom he was induced to investigate Homeopathy. His experiences were so satisfactory that he very soon embraced its doctrines, and gave to its study his whole energy, until he had mastered it, which was no easy task, for books and repertoires were then quite unknown. Nearly all knowledge of Hahnemann's method existed at that time in the form of manuscripts, and had to be copied for circulation. Dr. Pulte assisted in forming the first homeopathic medical society in Northampton county, and perhaps in the United States, and assisted in organizing and sustaining the first homeopathic medical school in the United States-the Allentown Academy. On its dissolution, in 1840, Dr. Pulte started to join his brother in St. Louis, and on his way thither became acquainted with the lady who afterward became his wife. He did not then complete his journey to St. Louis, but stopped at Cincinnati and became engaged in practice of his profession here. In a short time he opened a private dispensary, which was soon largely patronized by the poorer classes. The news of his success soon became known throughout the city, when the rich as well as the poor flocked to his rooms for relief, and in an inconceivable short time he had all the business he could attend to. Meantime he engaged in literary and scientific work, which received the highest commendation from literary and scientific men of both continents. When cholera approached this country in 1849, Dr. Pulte took active means to spread a knowledge of the best method of preventing the disease and of its treatment. During the prevalence of the epidemic which followed, he and bis partner, Dr. B. F. Ehrman, were busy day and night. The results of their practice was of the most extraordinary character, insomuch that their adversaries had these two physicians arrested for, as alleged, not reporting properly their deaths from cholera. A legal investigation followed, which was in every way satisfactory to them. In 1850 Dr. Pulte published the "Domestic Physician," which was soon after translated into Spanish, and proved very profitable in its sales through Cuba, Spain and South America. Its sales in England were unprecedented for an Ameri- can book. In 1852, in connection with Prof. H. P. Gatchell, he commenced the

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History of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, Ohio; their past and present, Part 113

Author: Nelson, S.B., Cincinnati Publication date: 1894 Publisher: Cincinnati : S. B. Nelson Number of Pages: 1592

Author: Nelson, S.B., Cincinnati
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: Cincinnati : S. B. Nelson
Number of Pages: 1592