History of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, Ohio; their past and present, Part 37

Author: Nelson, S.B., Cincinnati
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: Cincinnati : S. B. Nelson
Number of Pages: 1592

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John Locke was born at Bethel, Maine, February 19, 1792. Circumstances pre- venting his having a college education, and native inclination leading him toward the natural sciences, especially botany and chemistry, at the age of twenty-four he began the study of medicine, completing his course at the Yale Medical School, having before graduation held, for a short time, a commission as assistant surgeon in the United States navy. Failing as a young doctor to secure a living practice, he turned to teaching, at first at Windsor, Vt., and later in 1821 at Lexington, Ky. He had already become favorably known as a teacher, lecturer and writer on botany. In 1822 he came to Cincinnati, and opened a young ladies institution which for many years was the leading school of its kind in this section of the country. In 1835 he was appointed professor of Chemistry in the Medical College of Ohio, con- tinuing as such for fifteen years. During this time he was largely occupied with geological investigations, in the course of which he conducted the first geological survey of the State.

His study of the phenomena of electricity and magnetism was close, and prolific of discoveries, and his great mechanical skill enabled him to devise apparatus of much value. To him the astronomical world owes its electro-chronograph, or mag- netic clock, for these many years in regular use everywhere. The last six years of his life, one of which was spent at Lebanon, Ohio, were troubled ones, his mental and physical powers becoming enfeebled. He died of paralysis July 10, 1856. "In the death of Dr. Locke," says his friend and long-time colleague, Dr. M. B. Wright, "the world has lost a philosopher, science a tireless and original thinker, the medical profession a cautious and wise observer, and the Queen City a bright jewel from her diadem."

Daniel Vaughan .- At the Good Samaritan Hospital, April 6, 1879, died of ex- haustion, it might well be said of starvation, the most learned man and the most profound scientist who has ever been a resident of Hamilton county. Born near Cork, Ireland, in 1821, or about that time, Daniel Vaughan came to America when sixteen years old, and for some years taught school in Kentucky. While so occu- pied " he studied in seclusion, and made great proficiency in the highest branches of scientific study, but famishing for books and intelligent associates he left there," and for more than a quarter of a century was a resident here. For two sessions he lectured on chemistry at the Eclectic Medical College, and for twelve sessions at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. An extensive writer upon astronom- ical and geological subjects, and those of most abstruse character, he was well- known to and highly regarded by the leading scientific men of Europe and our own country. At home comparatively few were acquainted with him by name or by sight. A recluse by long habit, if not by nature, morbidly sensitive and that in the extreme, as proud as he was poor, regardless of personal appearance, absorbed in study and philosophic thought, he, perhaps of all men here, was in the world but not of it. Only the very few whom he permitted to know him recognized the gentle spirit that was lodged in the worn, stooped, feeble body, that year after year passed along our streets. Viewed from the ordinary standpoint, his life was a fail- ure, but he deserves to be remembered for his profound intellect, his marvelous memory and his great learning.

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

CHAPTER XIII. DENTAL SURGERY.

THE OHIO COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY." [BY H. T. SMITH, D.D.S.]

T HE Charter or the Act of the Legislature of Ohio, by which this institution came into legal existence, was passed January 24, 1845, and constituted Drs. B. P. Aydelott, Robert Buchanan, Israel M. Dodge, William Johnson, J. P. Cor- nell, and Calvin Fletcher, of Cincinnati; Dr. G. S. Hampstead, of Portsmouth, and Dr. Samuel Martin, of Xenia, and their successors, a board of trustees, with power to establish a College of Dental Surgery in the city of Cincinnati.

In the spring of 1845 the trustees met and organized by the appointment of B. P. Aydelott, M.D., D.D., president, and Israel M. Dodge, M.D., secretary ; and then organized the Ohio College of Dental Surgery by the creation of the following departments : Dental Anatomy and Physiology, of which Jesse W. Cook, M.D., D.D.S., was made professor ; Dental Pathology and Therapeutics, of which M. Rogers, M.D., D.D.S., was elected professor ; Practical Dentistry and Pharmacy, of which James Taylor, M. D., D. D.S., was appointed professor ; Jesse P. Judkins, M.D., was appointed demonstrator of Anatomy ; and Prof. Taylor discharged the duties of demonstrator of Practical Dentistry.

The Faculty elected Prof. Cook, dean. He issued the first annual announcement; and the college session for its first course of lectures opened on the first Monday of November, 1845, and closed on or about the 20th of February, 1846, four young men receiving degrees. President Aydelott delivered the opening address, con- ferred the degrees, and, in behalf of the college, gave each graduate a copy of the Holy Bible. Prof. Cook made the valedictory address to the graduates.

For the second session the venerable Christian philosopher, Elijah Slack, D. D., LL. D., was appointed lecturer on Chemistry, and, it is believed, delivered the first course of lectures, on this science, ever given to dental students.

In 1847 Prof. Cook resigned his chair, and the trustees filled it by electing J. F. Potter, M. D., and the Faculty appointed Dr. William M. Hunter demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry. In 1848, Profs. Rogers and Potter resigned ; and George Mendenhall, M.D., was elected professor of Dental Pathology and Therapeutics, and John P. Shotwell, M. D., professor of Anatomy and Physiology. The Faculty appointed A. M. Leslie, D.D.S., demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry, and Charles H. Raymond, lecturer on Chemistry. In the Department of Anatomy, Prof. Shot- well was succeeded by Thomas Wood, M.D. ; he by C. B. Chapman, M. D .; he by Charles Kearns, M.D .; he by William Clendenin, M.D. The character and stand- ing of the professors, elected to teach this science, show the high estimate placed upon it by the trustees and stockholders of the College. In 1850 a professorship of Mechanical Dentistry was created, and A. M. Leslie, D.D.S., was elected to the new chair, which 'place has since been held by John Allen, D.D.S., H. R. Smith, D.D.S., M.D., Joseph Richardson, M.D., D.D.S., C. M. Wright, D.D.S., J. A. Watling, D.D.S., William Van Antwerp, D.D.S., M.D., N. S. Hoff, D.D.S., and J. R. Clayton, D.D.S., Grant Molyneaux, D. D.S., and Frank Bell, D. D.S.

The Department of Chemistry struggled for existence. After Dr. Raymond, G. J. Van Emon, D.D.S., was appointed lecturer, in 1851. In 1853, George Watt, M. D., succeeded him as lecturer, and he was succeeded by George M. Kellogg, M.D.

1. Fall.

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

In 1855, the science was regarded as worthy of a professorship, a new chair was created, called "Chemistry and Metallurgy," and George Watt, M. D., D. D.S., was elected to fill it. The position has since been filled by H. A. Smith, D.D.S., S. P. Cutler, D.D.S., J. G. Willis, M.D., D. D.S., and J. S. Cassidy, M.D., D.D.S.

The chair of Pathology, after the resignation of Prof. Mendenhall, was filled by the election of J. B. Smith, M.D .; and this position has been subsequently held by George Watt, M. D., Edward Rives, M.D., F. Brunning, M.D., and A. O. Rawls, D.D.S.

In 1851, a chair of Operative and Mechanical Dentistry was created, and John Allen, D. D.S., was elected to fill it. In 1853 this was divided, leaving the depart- ment of Operative Dentistry to Prof. Allen, who in 1854 resigned the chair, and was succeeded by Jonathan Taft, D.D.S., who occupied the place till March, 1878.

A chair of Clinical Dentistry was established, and was filled at various times by W. T. Arrington, D.D.S., J. A. Watling, D. D.S., C. R. Butler, D.D.S., William Taft, D.D.S., M.D., H. M. Reid, D.D.S., J. I. Taylor, D.D.S., and H. A. Smith, D.D. S.

Additional studies, other than those indicated by the names, were added to most if not all these departments, such as Dental. Hygiene, Microscopy, Histology, Met- allurgy, Materia Medica, etc., and special professorships were, from time to time, provided for the departments of Oral Surgery, Irregularities, etc. And besides these, special clinical instructors have been selected for many years, from among those in the dental profession of high repute as operators. It is probable that this College was the pioneer in this direction ; but, at any rate, the example has been well and profitably followed. Previous to the session of 1851, the duties of the College were discharged in a building leased for the purpose. It had been mainly built by the distinguished educator, John L. Talbot, with special reference to the wants of the College, the lease, for ten years, included the privilege of purchase. By correspond- ence, and personal solicitation, arrangements were made to buy the building ; shares of stock, having been issued, were promptly taken by members of the profession, and a few others, interested in dental education. It would be unjust should we fail to give Prof. Taylor due credit for this effort. Accordingly, in November, 1851, the College session opened in the building owned by the profession, and specially dedicated, for all time, to the cause of dental education, and became another "new thing under the sun."

The stockholders held their first regular meeting in the lecture room of the Col- lege, February 19, 1852. Dr. Charles Bonsall was called to the chair, and Dr. Thomas Wood was appointed secretary. Drs. Thomas Wood, H. R. Smith, and James Tay- lor were appointed to report a draft of a constitution for an Ohio College Dental Association, which, after some modifications, was adopted. The first election of officers resulted in the selection of James Taylor, president; W. M. Wright, first. vice-president ; Thomas Wood, second vice-president ; Charles Bonsall, secre- tary ; Edward Taylor, treasurer. And thus was the association organized, and equipped for action ; and it has had virtual control of the College ever since, in its educational, as well as its financial, aspects. Eighteen members were present, and signed the constitution. At this first meeting, the stockholders generously relin- quished their interest on stock, for the good of the College, for three years ; and this principle of generosity has ruled ever since .. New shares of stock were issued and taken. In 1854 the old building, purchased from Mr. Talbot, having been found inadequate to the growing wants of the College, the stockholders took steps. toward the erection of an entire new edifice. As the location, College street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, was central, it was decided to rebuild on the same ground. With marvelous energy and promptness the new building was erected and furnished in time for the opening of the ensuing course of lectures. This is the first building erected for the sole and special purpose of dental education. In 1865, a change in

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

the charter and general management of the College occurred. One object of the change was to bring the institution more directly under the immediate supervision and control of the College Association.

At a later year the College Association was abandoned, and from this time the College has been controlled by its trustees elected alone by the stockholders. In the year 1878 there was a complete reorganization. Dr. James Taylor, who had been connected with the Faculty from the organization, again connected himself with the teaching body, and remained an active member until his death, June 12, 1881. The Faculty elected at this time were Dr. James Taylor, Dr. J. S. Cassidy, Dr. H. A. Smith, Dr. Frank Bell, Dr. C. M. Wright. Dr. H. A. Smith was elected dean of the Faculty, and under the new management an era of prosperity was begun, greater than the College had ever known before, which has continued up to the present time under the deanship of Dr. H. A. Smith.

In 1878 the number of matriculates increased from eighteen to fifty, the follow- ing year to sixty-nine, the following to eighty-one, steadily increasing until, in 1890-91, the College had the largest class in its history, numbering 208. In 1888 the College became the Dental Department of the University of Cincinnati, assuming this in addition to its old name, its diplomas being so inscribed. This annexation with the university was a convenient mutual working arrangement, the College remaining in its own property and under its own management as heretofore. The trustees and Faculty of the College consist at present of: President, C. I. Keely, D.D.S .; vice-president, D. W. Clancey, M.D., D.D.S .; secretary, James I. Taylor, D.D.S .; treasurer, James Leslie, D. D.S .; W. S. How, D.D.S .; B. O. Doyle, D. D.S. ; F. A. Hunter, D.D.S. ; H. A. Smith, D.D.S .; J. S. Cassidy, A.M., M.D., D. D. S., professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica; H. A. Smith, D.D.S., professor of Operative Dentistry and Dental Pathology; C. M. Wright, D.D.S., professor of Physiology and General Pathology; William Knight, M.D., D.D.S., professor of Anatomy and Oral Surgery; Grant Molyneaux, D. D.S., professor of Prosthetic Dentistry and Metallurgy; C. I. Keely, D.D.S., lecturer on Irregularities of the Teeth; L. E. Custer, D.D.S., lecturer on Anæsthetics and Obtundants; H. C. Matlack, D. D.S., demonstrator of Anatomy; T. I. May and H. A. Whiteside, D.D.S., demonstrator of Operative Dentistry; F. A. Lush, D.D.S., demonstrator of Pros- thetic Dentistry; H. T. Smith, D.D.S., demonstrator of Analytic Chemistry; H. A. Smith, D.D.S., dean, and H. T. Smith, D. D.S., secretary.

THE CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY.

This school was incorporated April 17, 1893, under the laws of the State of Ohio. It has graduated one class of five students. To insure better instructions to all, it has limited its class annually to fifty students. It teaches dentistry in every branch, and thoroughly equips men and women for the practice of their pro- fession. The Faculty of the College are: A. V. Phelps, M.D .; W. T. McLean, M.D., D.D.S. (secretary of the Faculty); L. S. Colter, B.S., M.D .; Lincoln Mus- sey, M.D .; G. S. Junkerman, M.D., D.D.S. (dean of the Faculty). The officers of the College are: Hon. Francis B. James, LL.B., president; O. W. Martin, A. M., secretary; George B. Harte, Esq., treasurer. This College gives one regular session of six months, and a post-graduate course of six months each year. An entrance examination and the attendance of three regular sessions are required for graduation.

* Contributed.

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

CHAPTER XIV.

CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.

INCORPORATION OF THE VILLAGE AND CITY OF CINCINNATI -CIVIL OFFICERS FROM THE BEGINNING-ROSTER OF COUNTY OFFICIALS-STATE SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES OF HAMILTON COUNTY-UNITED STATES SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES-INCIDENTS AND CONTESTS-POLITICAL CONVENTIONS.

T HE settlement of Cincinnati remained under township government until Janu- ary, 1802, when the Territorial Legislature passed an act incorporating the village. Its population at that time was about seven hundred and fifty, and as the military exercised much tyranny over the people, life was made very unpleasant. The original town, as laid out by Israel Ludlow, was bounded by the river, Seventh street, Broadway and Central avenue, and contained about a section of land, and the actual cost was about sixteen and two-thirds cents per acre. By the act of incorporation the judicial power was vested in a court, which consisted of a mayor and three aldermen, appointed by council, and from among the citizens of the vil- lage. The legislative power was lodged with the council, chosen annually, and made up of a president, recorder, and nine trustees. The act defined the limits of the corporation as follows: "Mill creek on the west, the township line, which lies about one mile from the river, on the north, and the eastern boundary of fractional Section 12, which extends nearly half a mile above the town plat on the east." The southern boundary was the river, of course.

Self-government of Cincinnati commenced March 5, 1802, by the election, by council, of David Zeigler as president of their body. Capt. Zeigler, to whom belongs the honor of being the first executive officer of Cincinnati, was a Prussian by birth, and served as an officer in the early campaigns against the Indians. He was stationed at Fort Finney, near the mouth of the Great Miami, more than two years before Losantiville was founded. Maj. Denny, who was an officer of the first regiment of the army, pays him a handsome compliment in his journal, for gallant conduct and soldierly bearing. On the 22d of February, 1789, he was mar- ried at Fort Harmar, near Marietta, to Miss Sheffield. Maj. Denny was his “ best man," and he says that it was the first event of the kind that he had been a witness to. Capt. Zeigler was a very popular man in the new settlement, and had many friends. He died September 24, 1811, was buried with military honors, and his name has been held in grateful remembrance by a numerous posterity.

The other officers chosen at this meeting were as follows: Aaron Goforth, recorder; George Fithian, Thomas McFarland, David Grummon, Samuel Stith, Andrew Parks, William McFarland, trustees; Joseph Price, assessor; Abraham Carey, collector; William Ruffin, town marshal.

At the same meeting which elected the first president, the first ordinance was passed. It was for the prevention of swine running at large in the streets of the village, showing thus early that the local law-makers had the proper conception of what constituted true cleanliness, if it has not been so strictly observed in modern days.

The first seal for the use of the corporation of the town of Cincinnati was ordered by an ordinance passed July 17, 1802. It was to be procured and made of copper, having the following design, to wit: "Cincinnatus, with the word engraved above his head in a circular manner; a plow, sheaf of wheat, bee-hive and rising sun, with an inscription round the edge, and near the extremity thereof these words, to wit:

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Corporation of the town of Cincinnati, and with the numeral letters, MDCCCII." This design was readopted under the new law of 1815, by the council, with the change only of the year.

PRESIDENT ZEIGLER'S SUCCESSORS.

Capt. David Zeigler served two years as president of council. His successor was Joseph Prince, chosen in 1804. A year later, James Findlay succeeded to the presidency of the village, and he was followed, in 1806, by John L. Gano. In 1807, Martin Baum was president; in 1808 and 1809, Daniel Symmes; in 1810, James Findlay was again re-elected, and re-elected the following year; in 1812, Martin Baum was again made president; in 1813, William Stanley was elected, and re- elected in 1814; in 1815, Samuel W. Davies was chosen president at the regular meeting in January. On the 10th of this month, however, the legislature passed a new law dividing the town into four wards, by straight lines, but retaining the original boundaries, in each of which three trustees were to be chosen for two years. This involved a re-organization of the town government. When the new charter was received on April 5, 1815, the following trustees "met at Samuel McHenry's tavern:" William Correy, Jonathan Pancoast, Oliver M. Spencer, Joseph Warner, Christopher Walker, David Kilgour, Samuel W. Davies, Nicholas Longworth, John Shaw, William Ruffin, Francis Carr, and Jacob Burnet, three from each ward, and proceeded to elect new officers. William Correy, who had been clerk, was chosen mayor for two years. Mr. Davies, therefore, was only in office a short time when he was legislated out by the provisions of the new charter. His successor, William Correy, continued to be mayor until 1819, the year Cincinnati was incorporated as a city. Under the provisions of this charter Isaac G. Burnet was chosen mayor April, 1819. Mayor Burnet was a man of more than ordinary ability and tact, as was manifest in the fact that he served the city as chief executive until 1827, when the charter was revised and again amended in the legislative session of 1828-29, the election of mayor and other officers was made biennial, and the first Monday in April fixed as the day for holding the election.

UNDER THE NEW LAW.

In 1829 Isaac G. Burnet was again re-elected mayor, the total vote cast being 2,628. In 1827 the city was divided into five wards, and the division so continued until 1838. Mayor Burnet was succeeded in 1831 by Elisha Hotchkiss, who had been repeatedly defeated for that office. From that time on the succession has been as follows: In 1833, Samuel W. Davies, who continued in office for ten consecutive years, was one of the prominent figures in the history of Cincinnati of that time. Early writers speak highly of his "intelligence and strict integrity, both in public and pri- vate life. In his personal appearance there was nothing striking, except his queue, a fashion in hair dressing affected by the elderly men of that day. He was nearly six feet in height, and his smooth-shaven face always wore a severe mien. He was. a Whig in politics, and an Episcopalian in religion. Public-spirited or nothing, he was one of the first in a company to establish the city water-works, from which grew the present extensive system of water supply. His death occurred December 22, 1843."

In 1843 Henry E. Spencer succeeded Mayor Davies, and he held the office for four consecutive terms, winning the respect and admiration of all parties for his honesty, ability and public spirit. He was born and raised in Cincinnati, and was a lawyer by profession. In politics he was an Old-line Whig, but became a Democrat in 1856. In 1839 the wards were increased to seven, and in 1843 to nine. Mayor Spencer was succeeded, as follows: Mark P. Taylor, 1851; David T. Snellbaker, 1853; James J. Faran, 1855; N. W. Thomas, 1857; R. M. Bishop, 1859; George B. Hatch, 1861; L. A. Harris, 1863; re-elected; Charles F. Wilstach, 1867; John W.

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HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Torrence, 1869; S. S. Davis, 1871; George W. C. Johnston, 1873; re-elected, 1875; Robert M. Moore, 1877; Charles Jacob, Jr., 1879; William Means, 1881; Thomas J. Stephens, 1883; Amor Smith, Jr., 1885; re-elected, 1887; John B. Mosby, 1889; re-elected, 1892 and 1893. At Mayor Mosby's first election the total number of votes cast was 50,749.

ROSTER OF COUNTY OFFICERS.

The county of Hamilton was established by proclamation of Gen. St. Clair, mili- tary governor of the Northwest Territory, issued January 4, 1790. Its original boundaries were as follows: " Beginning on the Ohio river at the confluence of the Little Miami, and down the said Ohio to the mouth of the Big Miami; and up said Miami to the standing stone forks or branch of said river, and thence with a line to be drawn due east to the Little Miami, and down said Little Miami to the place of beginning." This territory embraced about one-eight of the present State of Ohio, and, as it had been the scene of so many fierce conflicts between the Kentuckians and Indians in their raids to and fro, it was called the "Miami Slaughter-House" by the early settlers. After issuing his proclamation Gen. St. Clair busied himself for several days in making a list of civil and military appointments for the new county. The former were necessary in order to set the machinery of local government in motion. The highest civil officer, aside from the court judges, was that of sheriff. The line has been as follows:

Sheriffs .- 1790-92, John Brown, "gent; " 1793-94, John Ludlow; 1795-96, Daniel Symmes; 1797-1804, James Smith-also collector of the government rev- enue, and universally known as "Sheriff Smith;" 1805-6, William McFarland; 1806- 10, Aaron Goforth; 1811-12, Joseph Jenkinson; 1813-14, John S. Wallace; 1816, David Hosbrook; 1817, William Ruffin; 1818-22, Stephen Ayres; 1823-25, Will- iam Ruffin; 1829, John C. Avery; 1831-34, Ebenezer Hulse; 1836-38, Samuel Fos- tic; re-elected; 1839-42, John C. Avery; 1843-46, John H. Gerrard; 1847-48, Thomas S. Weaver; 1849-50, Joseph Cooper; 1851-52, Charles W. Smith; 1853- 54, Benjamin Higdon; 1855-56, Gassaway Broshear; 1857-58, Richard Matthers; 1859-60, Henry Kessler; 1861-62, John B. Armstrong; 1863-64, William Long; 1865-66, Richard Calvin; 1867-68, Henry S. Schotman; 1869-70, Daniel Weber; 1871-72, Joseph E. Heart; 1873-74, George W. Ziegler; 1875-76, Ferdinand Springmeir; 1878, William Pitt Wallace; 1879-80, George Weber; 1881-82, Samuel Baily, Jr. ; 1883-84, Morton L. Hawkins; 1885-86, Samuel Beresford, Jr. ; 1887-88, Leo Schott; re-elected; 1891-92, Valentine H. Heim; 1893-94, Robert M. Archibald.

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History of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, Ohio; their past and present, Part 37

Author: Nelson, S.B., Cincinnati Publication date: 1894 Publisher: Cincinnati : S. B. Nelson Number of Pages: 1592

Author: Nelson, S.B., Cincinnati
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: Cincinnati : S. B. Nelson
Number of Pages: 1592