History of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, Ohio; their past and present, Part 35

Author: Nelson, S.B., Cincinnati
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: Cincinnati : S. B. Nelson
Number of Pages: 1592

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was amended in the winter of 1822-23, and a board of trustees appointed; and in 1825 the State Legislature directed that for five years there should be paid over to the college one half of the tax on auction sales in Hamilton county. The whole amount of money received from this source was a little less than twenty-five thousand dol- lars, which was invested in a building, a library and a museum. This is the only pecuniary aid ever received from the State, which even until now retains nominal con- trol of the college, since its board of trustees is appointed by the governor once in ten years. The building in the erection of which much of this money was expended was located on Sixth street between Vine and Race streets, the ground being purchased at a cost of fifteen dollars per foot, and was first occupied in the winter of 1826-27. From 1838 to 1851 the school flourished, and in its Faculty were men of great abil- ity and high repute, among them being Mussey, Moorhead, Locke, Wright, Kirt- land, Harrison, Oliver and Shotwell. Moorhead, who had been in the city since 1820, resigned his chair in 1849, returned to Ireland, his native country, succeeded to the family Baronetcy and, as Sir John Moorhead, lived in dignified ease until his death in 1873. In 1851 a new building was erected, the one now occupied, than which at the time there was none better arranged and appointed in the United States. The next ten years was another period of trouble, of quarrels and of changes.

In 1857, the Miami Medical College, organized in 1852, was merged in it. In 1860 this consolidation was broken up, and the Faculty reorganized. For two years during the war, two graduating sessions were annually held. Since this last reorgani- zation the history of the college has been one of prosperity; during the last twenty- two years there have been but two resignations and two deaths of members of the Faculty; the classes have been large; the facilities for teaching much increased; and the graduates have shown themselves to be well educated and competent to dis- charge their professional duties. The teaching force now numbers thirty-one: ten professors; four adjunct professors; eight lecturers and demonstrators, and nine assistants. The class of 1892-93 numbered 226, and the graduates sixty-one. The entire number of graduates is about four thousand.

Cincinnati College .- In 1835 Dr. Drake organized a medical department of the Cincinnati College, with Drs. McDowell, Rives, Harrison, Jameson. Gross and Rog- ers as his colleagues. A year later Dr. Willard Parker succeeded Dr. Jameson in the surgical chair. The school continued in active operation for four years, having large classes (114 were in attendance in the winter of 1838-39), and commanding the respect and confidence of the profession of the country. Its suspension in 1839 was because of its want of endowment and its limited clinical advantages.

Eclectic Medical College .- In 1843 the Worthington Medical College, established at Worthington, Ohio, in 1832, was removed to Cincinnati, and in 1845 it was incor- porated under its present title. Connected with it as teachers have been many of the most eminent eclectic physicians of the West, among them being Drs. Morrow, King, Newton, Cleveland, Cox, Hill, Buchanan, and Howe, all now dead. In 1856, owing to dissensions in the Faculty, there was organized the Eclectic College of Medicine and Surgery, which was united with the original school in 1859. For a number of years past it has been under the financial control of Dr. John M. Scudder. Two sessions a year have been and are still given. Its Faculty, professors, lecturers and assistants, numbers fifteen, and its graduates, to date, 3,237. In the year 1892-93 (two sessions) there were 288 students matriculated, of whom forty-seven graduated.

Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery .- Organized under Act of the Legis- lature of date of March 7, 1851, this college, of which Dr. A. H. Baker was the founder, has a Faculty of seventeen professors and five assistant professors. Hold- ing its sessions for many years at the corner of Longworth and Central avenues, and for many years more on George street, between John and Smith, it is now

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located on Vine street, above Liberty. Its Faculty during the forty-two years exist- ence of the college has included a number of teachers afterward connected with other colleges of the city.

Miami Medical College .- On November 1, 1852, the first course of this newly- organized college commenced, the Faculty being composed of Drs. R. D. Mussey, Jesse P. Judkins, C. L. Avery, John Davis, John F. White, George Mendenball, John A. Murphy, C. G. Comegys and John Locke, Jr. The class numbered thirty- five, and five graduated in 1853. The lectures were delivered in the building still standing at the northwest corner of Fifth and Central avenue. Regular annual sessions were held until the spring of 1857. In that year the school was consoli- dated with the Medical College of Ohio; such consolidation continuing until the spring of 1860. In 1865 the school was revived, and the Dental College building was secured, and a class of 154 students gathered together, of whom twenty-six graduated in the following spring; no charge was made for tuition.

In the autumn of 1866 a new building on Twelfth street, between Elm and Plum, was erected, and in it the college sessions have since been regularly held. Its Faculty has had in it, and still includes, many of the distinguished physicians of the city, among them being Drs. W. H. Mussey, E. Williams, George Mendenhall and William Clendennin, no longer living. The present Faculty embraces eleven pro- fessors, as many lecturers and demonstrators, and fifteen clinical assistants.

The College Museum contains the large and valuable collections of the late pro- fessors, Mussey and Shotwell. There were eighty-eight students in attendance upon the lectures of the sessions of 1892-93, and twenty-eight were graduated at its close. The entire number of its graduates is 1,153.

Pulte Medical College .- This institution, located at the southwest corner of Seventh and Mound streets, was organized in May, 1872, the lecture session begin- ning in the following October. An outgrowth of the Homeopathic Dispensary inaugurated three years earlier, the College started with a cash fund of $4,600 (the balance remaining of $14,000 raised by a fair held in 1869), and $5,000 furnished by Dr. Pulte (J. H.) for incorporation purposes. There were thirty-eight matriculants during the first session, and ten students were graduated at its close. For a num- ber of years the financial condition of the college was an unsatisfactory one, but after many years of litigation there was secured from the estate of the late Dr. John H. Pulte $25,000 in compromise satisfaction of a much larger claim for endow- ment of the college bearing the name "Pulte." The present Faculty is made up of eighteen professors, lecturers and assistants; the last class numbered thirty-seven, with twelve graduates; and the entire number of graduates is 536. The specified requirements for graduation are four years study with attendance upon three courses of lectures. "No discrimination is made on account of sex in attendance on the lectures or clinics."

Cincinnati College of Pharmacy .- Originally chartered in 1850 as a Society of Pharmacists, the College of Pharmacy as a teaching institution dates from December, 1871. Steadily growing in numbers and enlarging its curriculum, the College now takes high rank among the Pharmaceutical Schools of the country. Its Faculty is made up of six instructors; it has a graded course of two annual sessions of six months each, and is one of the allied departments of the Cincinnati Univer- sity. Its present class numbers about seventy-five, and it has graduated 392 of its students. For several years past it has occupied a very conveniently arranged building on Court street, west of Mound. A. Wetterstroem is president of the col- lege, and Dr. Charles T. P. Fennel, dean of the Faculty.

Woman's Medical College .- This college was organized in 1887 as a female department of the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. In 1890 this union with the Cincinnati College was dissolved, and the college was incorporated under its present title. Its corps of instructors numbers twenty-six, fifteen professors

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and eleven assistants: and its course of study is a thorough one. A convenient building at No. 262 West Eighth street is occupied, in which have been fitted up rooms for lecture, laboratory and clinical purposes. The whole number of students in attendance since the original organization is 155, of whom twenty-one have been graduated.

Presbyterian Hospital Woman's Medical College, a college for the medical education of women, was opened in connection with the Presbyterian Hospital in October, 1890. Its students to date have numbered forty-nine, and its graduates six. The Faculty includes sixteen professors, two lecturers and two assistants.

DENTAL SCHOOLS.

The Ohio College of Dental Surgery was incorporated January 24, 1845, the second dental school in the world; that at Baltimore having preceded it by four years. Its founder was Dr. James Taylor, for years the most eminent dentist of our city. The first course of lectures was given in the following winter (1845-46), four students graduating at its close. The session of 1851 " was opened in a build- ing on College street, near Seventh, owned by the profession, and especially dedi- cated for all time to the cause of dental education." This building was torn down three years later, and the one at present occupied built. The school has had, and has, a high reputation; a large number of students have attended its lectures, and it has conferred the degree of D. D. S. on 938 of them. Its present Faculty includes five professors, two lecturers, and four demonstrators. Since 1888 the college has been the Department of Dentistry of the Cincinnati University.

HOSPITALS.

Cincinnati Hospital .- For its first hospital, as for its first medical college, Cin- cinnati is indebted to the wisdom and labors of Daniel Drake. An Act of the Leg- islature January 22, 1821, established the "Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asy- lum for the State of Ohio," and appropriated for that purpose $10,000 in depreciated funds in the State Treasury, which yielded, when disposed of, about $3,500. The trustees of Cincinnati township, to whom the money was paid over, were required to provide grounds, not less than four acres in extent, and to erect suitable brick buildings. City property on Twelfth street, between Plum and Central avenue, was set apart for that purpose, and a building 53 x 42 feet, three stories high, erected in 1823, to which in 1827 was made an addition for the confinement of lunatics, and in 1833 another building accommodating 150 patients was built. By the original act the medical care of the hospital was entrusted to the Faculty of the Medical College of Ohio, who were to "furnish all the medical and surgical services necessary, and have the privilege of admitting the students of their college to the hospital practice upon such terms as they might choose to prescribe."

From 1821 to 1853, inclusive, the hospital received one-half of the duties on auction sales in the city, amounting, it has been stated, to the sum of $100,000, and the balance of the funds required for its maintenance was supplied by taxation. Boat- men and the indigent poor of the township were entitled to care in its wards, and until 1838 such "idiots, lunatics and insane persons" of the State as might be brought to it. Patients having smallpox and other infectious diseases were treated in the "pesthouse," at first located on the ground now occupied by the Music Hall, later on what is to-day known as Lincoln Park, and yet later on Roh's Hill. With the organization of the Cincinnati College efforts were made to take the hospital out from under the exclusive control of the Medical College of Ohio, and in 1839 (Feb- ruary 26) the Legislature authorized the Faculty of that college to share equally in the medical and surgical care of the hospital; but the " Act " remained inoperative. Similar efforts at displacement were made during the "fifties," and in 1860 the students of the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery petitioned the city

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council for the privilege of attending the hospital practice. A special committee to which this application had been referred reported favorably, and presented a resolution calling upon the city solicitor to petition the State Legislature to grant to the city full and exclusive control of the hospital. As the result of the long continued agitation which had been going on, the Legislature, March 11, 1861, passed an act transferring the control from the Infirmary board to a special board of trustees, composed of seven members, one appointed by the Governor, two by the Superior Court of Cincinnati, two by the Court of Common Pleas, the mayor and senior infirmary director ex officio.

The name was changed to " Commercial Hospital of Cincinnati," and later to that of "Cincinnati Hospital." For a number of years the unfitness of the build- ings for hospital purposes had been fully recognized, and in 1866 a commission was appointed to secure plans and attend to the construction of a new hospital, such commission being composed of the hospital trustees and three members of the city council. Under orders from this commission of date of December 12, 1866, the old buildings were vacated: the male patients being sent to St. John's Hospital, corner Plum and Third streets, the females remaining at the Orphan Asylum on Elm street, near Fourteenth, where they had been for nearly two years before. The new hospital was ready for occupation very early in 1869 (January 7), its wards being in six pavilions, three on a side, the administration and general service buildings completing the quadrangle. On October 1, 1871, the medical staff was re-organized, all medical teachers being excluded ; but the resolution of the trustees under which this change was effected was rescinded December 26, 1873. The active medical staff is now made up of sixteen members: four surgeons, four physicians, four obstetricians and gynecologists, two oculists and two pathologists. There are also four curators of the museum, a resident receiving physician and seven internes. A training school for nurses is in operation. For the year ending October 1, 1893, 4,267 patients were under treatment.

During the sessions of the Medical Colleges in the city daily clinics are held in the amphitheatre, open to any student on payment of five dollars, the amount re- ceived from the sale of the clinic tickets going to the support of the hospital library. The "Branch Hospital." for the reception of cases of contagious diseases, which were removed from Roh's Hill in pursuance of an Act of the Legislature May 10, 1878, is located at Lick Run in the western portion of the city, and has accommodations for 150 patients.

Good Samaritan Hospital .- On November 15, 1852, the Sisters of Charity opened a twenty-bed hospital in a building at the corner of Broadway and Franklin. streets, with the Faculty of the newly organized Miami Medical College as its medi- cal staff. Three years later they removed to the corner of Plnm and Third streets, where for more than eleven years "St. John's Hospital " was maintained, with ac- commodations for seventy-five patients. During the war its capacity was taxed to the utmost, consequent upon the large number of sick and wounded soldiers re- ceived, and, as the scene of much of Dr. Blackman's work, its reputation was wide- spread. On August 16, 1866, Messrs. Lewis Worthington and Joseph C. Butler donated to the Sisters the Marine Hospital property, corner Sixth and Lock streets, which they had just purchased from the United States at a cost of $70, 500. The conditions of the deed of gift were that it should be held in perpetuity as a hospital under the name of "The Hospital of the Good Samaritan;" "that no applicant for admission should be preferred or excluded on account of his or her religion or country, and that, with the exception of cases of contagious or chronic diseases, any and all afflicted requiring medical or surgical treatment should be admitted if there was room for their accommodation; that one half of the rooms or wards should be kept for the destitute sick, the preference being always given to women and children, and if practicable one ward should be devoted especially to sick children,

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and as far as practicable, consistent with the object of the trust, rooms should always be kept for receiving those victims of accidents occurring in shops, on rail- roads, or from fires and other causes; that when the resources from paying patients, donations or endowments should afford revenue sufficient to support the institution · as an entirely free hospital, it should then become such, and should be devoted ex- clusively to the use of the destitute sick, except that the managers might receive persons who were able to pay for special medical or surgical treatment to the extent of one-third the capacity of the institution, such persons paying or not, as their sense of right might dictate, provided that all the funds received after securing an endowment sufficient to make the hospital a free one should go toward extending the buildings and accommodations: provided always that any patient should be at liberty to send for any medical adviser he or she might desire, though not em- ployed by the institution, but such medical attendance was to be without charge or cost to the institution; that a portion of the ground might be used for the erection of a dispensary, medical or surgical lecture room or a building devoted to the pro- motion of medical or surgical science, but such building or buildings must always . belong to the institution and estate, and no portion of the funds derived from the hospital should be appropriated to such improvements."

In October following, "St. John's" was given up, and the "Good Samaritan" occupied. The medical charge of the hospital was, as it had been for some years before, largely under the control of the Faculty of the Medical College of Ohio, and a few years later became entirely so. The capacity of the house was about one hundred and fifty, and, with the erection of the new buildings in 1890, was decidedly increased. The records of the hospital show that the whole number of patients under treatment from November 13, 1852, to October 1, 1893, has been 34,832 (Franklin Street, 1,500; St. John's, 6000; Good Samaritan, 27,382), a large number of them pay patients occupying private rooms.

Early in 1873 Sister Anthony, then and for many years before and after the Sister Superior in charge, appreciating the great want of a hospital here devoted to the care of lying-in women and foundlings, consulted Joseph C. Butler as to the propriety of the Order purchasing property near the city for that purpose. On May 20, of that year, Mr. Butler secured at a cost of $15,000 a very desirable piece of property on the Reading road about four miles out, and presented it to the Sisters of Charity for the establishment of a branch hospital of the Good Sa- maritan. His letter of notification to Sister Anthony closes with the following words: "That it may be of some service to the poor and afflicted, and soften the burdens of a few wounded hearts through many generations, through the self-deny- ing ministrations of your Sisterhood, is the earnest hope of your friend Joseph C. Butler." This "St. Joseph's Maternity Hospital and Foundling House " was at once opened. The building on the property secured soon proved to be too small to accommodate the number of those seeking admission, and in 1884 a first, and in 1888 a second, enlargement of it was made, so that now over one hundred women and as many children can be cared for.

Of the various gifts that have from time to time been made to our people by gen- erous citizens, none probably have been, are and will continue to be such great service as those of Mr. Worthington and Mr. Butler, and those of the Messrs. Emery and the Gamble family for a like purpose to be noticed later in connection with the Children's and Christ's Hospitals. From the first the hospital has been a school of clinical instruction, for more than a third of a century, an important and integral part of the organization of the Medical College of Ohio. In 1875 an amphi- theatre with a seating capacity of over four hundred was erected on the Good Samaritan grounds, and in it clinics have ever since been regularly held during the lecture terms.

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St. Mary's Hospital .- This hospital, under charge of the Sisters of St. Clara of the Order of St. Francis, was opened for the reception of patients on Christmas Day, 1859, a temporary hospital on Fourth street, near Central avenue, having been occupied since the 21st of September of the previous year. Though receiving patients without regard to nationality or creed, the large proportion of those under ·

care have been and are German Catholics. By the erection of new buildings from time to time its capacity has been gradually brought up to 200 beds, chiefly in pub- lic wards, and at the latest report there were 190 patients in the house, the whole number treated since September, 1858, being 37,112. On the medical staff at present are two surgeons, six physicians, two gynecologists, two oculists and one pathologist. Clinical instruction of medical students is not permitted.

St. Francis Hospital is a branch of St. Mary's, intended chiefly for chronic and incurable cases. It was opened in 1889, and has at the time of writing 240 patients, attended by four physicians.

St. Luke's Hospital .- In November, 1865, the " St. Luke's Hospital Associa- tion," of the Episcopal Church, opened its hospital at the southwest corner of Broadway and Franklin streets, in a building which had previously been used as a "Hotel for Invalids," Dr. Taliaferro's private hospital, and the first home of the Sisters of Charity, before their removal to "St. John's." Ten of the leading phys- icians and surgeons of the city were on the staff of "St. Luke's," its wards were open to all, its patients in the first two years numbered 531, and its work was well done, and seemed to be well appreciated; but for want of funds the institution was crippled from the start, and after an existence of about four years its doors were closed.

Jewish Hospital .-- In 1866 the "Jewish Hospital" was opened at the corner of Third and Baum streets, its accommodations being quite limited. In 1890 it was re-organized, and a new and well appointed hospital erected on Burnet avenue, Avondale, in close relation with the Jewish Home of the Aged and Infirm. Its present capacity is forty beds, and the whole number of patients treated in the year ending September 1, 1893, was 441. Its visiting staff is constituted of twelve of the Jewish physicians of the city. Connected with it is a training school for nurses, with seven pupils in attendance.

German Hospital .- Under the direction of a society of citizens of German birth there was opened in 1888, at No. 138 East Liberty street, a non-sectarian charitable hospital to be supported by subscriptions, donations and bequests, and to receive any proper patients, except those having incurable diseases. The nursing has from the beginning been done by "deaconesses." There are now accommodations for twenty-five patients, fifteen being at present under care; 842 in all have been treated. The medical staff numbers six.

Presbyterian Hospital. - This hospital, located at No. 424 West Sixth street, originated in a free dispensary for women and children, started in February, 1889, by Drs. Thorp, Osborn and Bogle. It was opened for the reception of patients May 2, 1890, has a capacity of twenty seven beds, and has received in all 338 patients.

Children's Hospital. - Established through the efforts of a number of ladies resi- dent in and near the city, the "Children's Hospital of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the diocese of Southern Ohio" was incorporated in November, 1883. In · part, at least, it was the successor and heir of St. Luke's Hospital, which had sus- pended in 1870. In March, 1884, a house was taken on Walnut Hills, and the hospital for children opened. On November 23, 1887, removal was made to the new building on Locust street, Mt. Auburn, donated by the Messrs. Emery, in every way fitted for its purpose and containing forty-five beds. From November, 1885, to November, 1892, 839 patients were under treatment, the greater part of them sur- gical cases. On its attending staff are two surgeons, two physicians, one oculist and one dentist.

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History of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, Ohio; their past and present, Part 35

Author: Nelson, S.B., Cincinnati Publication date: 1894 Publisher: Cincinnati : S. B. Nelson Number of Pages: 1592

Author: Nelson, S.B., Cincinnati
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: Cincinnati : S. B. Nelson
Number of Pages: 1592