USA > Ohio > Marion County > The Farm journal illustrated directory of Marion County, Ohio : with a complete road map of the county, 1918-1923 > Part 16
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RHEUMATISM AND CRAMP caused by . through the feathers of birds. Its judi-
cold and dampness. Chicks reared on bottom-beat brooders are particularly . . sitting hens will insure immunity from subject to these .troubles .. Damp earth .. 'lice. for the hen and her young brood. . floors and. cement floors 'in poultry houses produce it in older birds.
Give dry and comfortable quarters, feed little meat, plenty of green food, and soft feed seasoned with red pepper.
DIARRHEA of chicks with clogging of the vent. Remove the hardened excre-
tion and anoint the parts. Chamomilla is useful in this complaint, a few drops in drinking water.
FROSTED COMB AND WATTLES .- As soon as discovered bathe with compound tinc- ture of benzoin.
FOR LICE on perches, walls and coops, use kerosene or lime wash. To make the lime-wash more effective. pour a before slaking or mix with plenty of salt.
For use in nests, pour crude carbolic acid . on lime and allow it to air-slake. Put one or two handfuls of the car -. bolized lime dust in the nest box.
. Pyrethrum powder kills by contact and. is effective for dusting in nests, and cious use in the plumage and nests of
Chicks and. poults are often killed. by; large lice that congregate about the . head, throat, vent and wings. To de -: stroy them, soak fish berries in alcohol, take the birds from under the mothers at night and slightly moisten the down of the infested parts with the poison.
How to Preserve Eggs
Now that' eggs . are. dearer: as a. rule than they have been for years, many people are inquiring about the methods of preserving . them. The old way was to pack them in salt or lime. This. served the purpose, but it gave the eggs a very strong taste.
The approved method .now is the one which calls for the use of "water glass," or silicate of soda. This is a thick, syrupy liquid which can be had at most drug stores for about 10 cents a pound, and a pound is enough to treat five dozen eggs, so that the cost of preserving is about two cents a dozen.
There are several grades of water glass, and it is wise to get the best. To prepare. the solution,. stir. one part of the silicate of soda into sixteen parts of water which has been boiled, cooled and carefully measured.
It is essential to have the eggs fresh,. or the experiment will not be a great success. Those over three days old should not be used, as the air has already had a chance to penetrate them. The very best way is to keep the solution made up ready and put the eggs into it just as soon as they are brought in from the nests, if you have your own chickens.
It is worse than useless to try to pre- . serve eggs that are not fresh -or that have been cracked or. . washed.
Incubation and Gestation Tables
Chickens .20-22 days
: Geese .28-34 days:
Ducks .28 days
Turkeys .27-29 days
'Guinea . fowls.
28 days
Pheasants
25 days
Ostriches 40-42 days
The period of gestation in animals varies considerably, but the following is an average period based on a long series of observations :
Elephant . 2 years
Camel® 11-12 months .
Ass . 12 months
Mare® 11 months
Cow 9 months
Sheep
5 months
Goat
Pig 31/2 months
Bitch 9 weeks.
Cat 8 weeks
Rabbit
30 days
Guinea pig
65 days
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5 months
crowded and filthy quarters and lack . - little crude carbolic acid on the lime
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
The Marion County Telephone Company A. J. BERRY. General Manager
Masonic Temple Building
Marion, Ohio
BY VULCANIZING- Rubber Boots Repaired
Half-soled. heeled and patched; also overshoes. All kinds of rubber goods repaired, such as rain coats, hot water bottles etc.
Automobile Tires and Tubes Repaired at rea- sonable prices
TIRES and TUBES For Sale Guaranteed and unguaranteed
S. L. LEEKA, 189 E. CENTER ST. Third Door west of Star Office MARION, OHIO
LAW OFFICES OF
CRISSINGER, GUTHERY & STRELITZ D. R. CRISSINGER FREDERICK E. GUTHERY J. MALCOLM STRELITZ
Phone 2191
MARION, OHIO
The Marion Lumber Co. Mill Work, Lumber, Coal, Etc.
200 Oak St. Phone 2388
Marion, Ohio
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MARION COUNTY
DISEASES OF SHEEP
If sheep are given proper care and feed, and are not exposed to sudden changes, the liability of disease is ma- terially reduced. For the average sheep that becomes sick, and you do not know how to doctor, the best way is to let nature take its course. Unless the symptoms are very evident and the rem- edies well known, doctoring sheep is ex- pensive and often unsatisfactory.
In handling and treating sick animals. use common sense. Do not try to make them eat, but let them be quiet. Do not begin to pour medicine down them the first time you see there is something wrong, but look to the cause and remove it, if it is in the feed or care. If the animal. does not then return to feed, study closely the symptoms, and give such .treatment as the latter seem to warrant. The common ailments of sheep are comparatively few, but severe cases of many of them are very fatal ..
In giving medicine to sheep, the easi- est way to hold the sheep is to set it on its rump, placing the sheep between your legs and holding the head by plac- ing the first two fingers of the left hand in the roof of the animal's mouth; thus leaving the right hand to hold the spoon or bottle. Except where the medicine is given clear, in one or two tablespoon- fuls, the best method is to have a long, small-necked bottle in which to put the medicine, and put in the mouth, taking care to have the opening well to the back of the mouth so that. the sheep can not . hold the tongue over the opening. Give large doses with great care, pouring slowly to avoid choking. Be careful.not to choke by pouring into the windpipe. In giving castor oil with a spoon, dip the spoon in water just before using.
INTERNAL DISEASES.
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'CHOKING .- Generally caused. by too fast eating of oats or roots, which lodge in the gullet. Set the animal on its rump, stretch the neck and throw the head back, and pour a cupful of water down the throat. In more severe 'cases. use three or four tablespoonfuls of melted lard. li neither of these furnish relief, take a piece of small rubber hose, or a very small, pliable and smooth stick, push it carefully down the gullet.
and dislodge the obstacle. Keep close to the lower side of the neck, so as not . to disturb the windpipe.
In passing hose to relieve choke, keep neck perfectly straight. Have animal held firmly by good assistants. Use great care to avoid wounding throat.
BLOATING .- Caused by overeating of : soft, green feed, such as young clover, alialia, rape, and the like. For slight cases, put all the pine tar possible on the nose and mouth; also fasten a small stick in the mouth, like a bridle bit, to keep it open to allow the gas to escape. In more severe cases, give two. teaspoon- fuls of bicarbonate of soda, dissolved in warm water. If relief does not fol- low, repeat in about ten minutes. Hold- .ing salt "pork in the mouth will often; relieve. In all of these cases, keep the animal in motion, so as to facilitate the escape of gas. If none of these reme- dies act and the animal becomes. worse, tapping must be resorted to. This is: done by making a small insertion with . a sharp knife, at a point on the left side; equidistant from the end of the last: short rib and the backbone, on the paunch. Better than a knife is a trocar with shield .. This is a sharp blade ins a tube, and when the puncture is made the shield is left in the opening, allow. ing the - gas to escape : This shield should be removed as soon as the animal is out of danger .. Sheep trocar and canula can be secured. from any veteri- nary instrument maker.
FOUNDERING .- Generally caused by overeating ; for instance, securing access to grain bin accidentally, or being kept from feed twenty-four hours or longer, and then allowed to eat as much as they please. As soon as found, give : one-half teacupful of castor oil and keep well exercised. If bloating sets in, re- lieve by .ordinary methods. Founder- ing is very dangerous, and death often results, in spite of any remedy.
CONSTIPATION .- In lambs, often occurs when one to seven years old. Relieve by an injection, with a small syringe, of lukewarm soapsuds into the rectum. Another good injection is glycerine, one ounce to warm water one pint. In older sheep. sometimes due to heavy feeding,
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especially of corn and dry feed without any laxative foods ; also due to lack of exercise. Two to four tablespoonfuls of castor oil will relieve: if no passage of bowels in twenty-four hours, repeat and increase the dose by one-half.
SCOURING. - Induced by a sudden change from dry to green feed : by over - cating of green feed, such as rape. clover, alfalfa, and the like; also of grain. In mild cases, a change to dry feed will cause scouring to stop in a day or so, without the use of any drug. In very severe cases, where the sheep refuses to eat, and passage of dung is slimy and attended with straining, give two tablespoonfuls of castor oil to carry off the cause of the irritation; if this does not check the passage give a table- spoonful of castor oil with thirty drops of laudanum, twice daily, in a little gruel. When checked, continue to give flaxseed gruel, until the sheep returns to its regular ration.
SNUFFLES .- Similar to a cold in per- sons; catarrh; discharge at the nosc. . Put fresh pine tar in the mouth and on the . nose. In severe. cases steam the " sheep . with tar, by . putting some live coals in a pan, pouring tar on them, and ·holding his head over the pan, placing a blanket over his head to .keep the .fumes from escaping, and forcing the sheep to inhale them.
URINARY TROUBLES .- Rams are some- times troubled to make water ; generally due to heavy feeding and close confine- ment; it is also claimed that heavy feed- ing of roots will cause this trouble. Rams stand apart from the flock, do not eat, draw up their hind parts, and strain in an attempt to make water. To relieve, give one-half teaspoonful sweet spirits of niter, in a little water, every two hours until relieved.
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WORMS .- The deadly stomach worm (strongylus contortus) is the worst foc of the eastern sheep grower. It is a small worm about three-quarters of an inch long, found in the fourth stomach. They are taken in by lambs running on old pasture, especially blue-grass, and are induced by wet weather and wet soil; are generally noticeable. during July and August. Symptoms : lambs lag behind when driving the flock, look thin and poor. act weak, skin is very pale and bloodless; eyes pale, sunken and
lifeless : sometimes scouring occurs a day or two before death ; death usually in four to ten days. Preventive: keep the lambs from old pastures; a fresh cut or newly seeded clover meadow makes the best pasture; rape is also good. Feed them some grain and dry feed, and keep some of the following mixture in the salt box all the time. viz. : one bushel salt. one pound gen- tian, one pound powdered copperas. one pint turpentine. mixed thoroughly. Some of the prepared medicated salts are just as cheap and effective as this mixture. Tobacco dust and tobacco leaves fed with. the salt are also much used in some sections and prove very effective as a preventive. Cure: if not too bad when noticed, they can often be cured. but they are seldom as growthy as if not affected. Shut. the lambs from all feed for twelve to eighteen hours; catch the lamb, set him on his rump, holding so that he can not struggle and give a drench of gasoline, one tablespoonful. in four ounces (one-third to one-half teacupful) of milk; repeat the two suc- cecding mornings, and if no improve- ment, repeat the series in seven to ten days. Follow directions carefully.
DISEASES EXTERNAL
MAGGOTS .- Caused by green flies, in- duced by hot, damp weather, and dirty wool; found on the hind part of sheep, and on rams around the horns, where. wool is damp and dirty. Also around castration . and docking wounds, which require watching for this trouble. Trim off the wool on place affected, and throw off the maggots; put on gasoline to kill the maggots. Air-slacked lime will dry up the wet wool and drive the maggots and flies away. Turpentine and kero- sene are also used, but both take off the wool, if used in considerable amounts. Apply the above remedies for maggots with brush or small oil can.
FOULS, OR SORE FEET .- Sheep are often lame, especially when the ground is wet; earth or manure lodges between the toes. continual rubbing induces soreness, the foot begins to suppurate, and your sheep is lame; the foot looks - sore be- tween the toes and is warm. Pare away all shell of hoof around the sore part. being sure to expose to the air all af- fected parts: after thoroughly paring. put on with a small swab a solution of
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MARION COUNTY
blue vitriol and strong vinegar, mixed to the consistency of a thin paste. Keep sheep with fouls away from wet pas- tures or stagnant water, and keep feet dry and clean as possible.
If lame sheep are not doctored, the fouls soon spread to all parts of the foot, and foot-rot results. This becomes contagious, and all sheep remaining where are those with foot-rot will be- come lamc. There is no need of foot- rot if. the shepherd takes care of his sheep. Treat this the same as the fouls. being sure to pare away all shell and exposing the diseased parts. For a stronger solution than blue vitriol, use blue vitriol, butyr of antimony; and mur- iatic acid, equal parts by weight. Use with care. Paring is the principal thing ; be careful not to . cut the toe vein. Another excellent .remedy for foul feet is one ounce chloride of zinc to one pint of water: Apply enough to wet foul parts once daily after cleaning foot with dry cloth.
Ticks .- Ticks to sheep are as lice to hens ; they take the life and blood from the sheep. To kill them, dip your sheep in some proprietary dip. carbolic prefer- red, being careful to follow directions.
SCAR -- Is a strictly contagious disease of the skin, caused by a small mite which bites the skin. It generally appears on the back, rump or sides of the sheep, and is first indicated by rubbing and pulling of the wool. The disease is very contagious, common to large flocks and . high behind .: bands, especially on the western range. Cure; use some good proprietary . dip, follow directions to the letter. dip your -sheep thoroughly twice, the second dip -. ping from six to ten days after the first, not sooner nor later than these limits. Disinfect all pens thoroughly and keep sheep from the old pastures at least two months. Scab is not very common to castern sheep owners. Inspect all new animals at once for scab, as it is often introduced by purchasing stock ewes or rams.
SORE EYES,-Caused by too much wool over the eyes, and the eyelid rolling into the eye; also by getting something into the eye. Shear the wool away from the eye, and tie the cap of wool up off from . the eyes, if necessary; if there is a film over the eye, better apply a few drops of a solution of ten grains of boric acid to the ounce of water out in a pinch of powdered burnt alum.
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SORE TEATS .- The teats on eres with lambs sometimes become sore and ten- der. so that the lamb can not suck. Rub twice a day with salted butter.
CAKED UDDER .- Sometimes caused by weaning and not milking after the lamb is taken away. Generally occurs in heavy milkers; also occurs when lamb. is still sucking, in one side of the bag at first. It is accompanied by stiffness in the hind quarters, the bag is hard, and in the first stages a thin, watery-like fluid can be drawn from the text. Rub well and carefully, using camphorated sweet oil; the principal thing is the rub- bing: try to soften the bag and keep the teat open." Many times the ewe will lose the use of that side of her bag entirely. If she does, send her to mar -: ket. Where gait is stiff and udder caked, give the ewe one dram salicylate. of -soda .three times -dally: for three or four days.
CASTING WITHERS .- Thrusting out of the womb. . It should be washed in a. pint of warm water, in which has been dissolved a teaspoonful of powdered alum, and the womb replaced, and stitch taken in . the upper part of the opening of the vagina. The best way" .. to cure such ewes is to market them of kill : at once if they continue to give trouble in this respect. After replacing the womb, keep hind parts of animal quite high by standing in narrow stall made for the purpose, with floor made
GOTTER-Lumps in the throat Com- . mon to lambs when born; also in young sheep during the first winter. Some think the latter is caused by high feed- ing. Apply tincture of iodine with a swab, rubbing on enough to color well the affected portion. Two or three ap- · plications, two to four days apart, should remove the worst case of goiter.
CASTRATING-Hold as for docking. Cut off a good sized portion of the end of the sac with a sharp knife, push back the sack from the testicles, grasp the latter singly, with right hand, and grasp narrow or upper portion of sac firmly with left hand. and draw out until the cord breaks. Do not cut the cord, but break it. When docking and castrating at the same time, castrate first. then dock. and release the lamb. The whole operation should not take over one to. two minutes.
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
LIPPINCOTT BROTHERS Reliable Real Estate Agency
When interested in Real Estate, call, write or phone us Office phone 4231 Residence C. S. Lippincott phone 2681 S. B. Lippincott .. 4270
Address. 126 W. Center St.
MARION, OHIO
THE STALLION
Moreri M., 222000. His color is black, with star. Weight, 1900. Foaled May 4, 1910, and is owned by S. P. Keener, Marion, Ohio, and he stands at home, four miles west of Marion, on the Keener Piko. This horse is noted for his great breeding qualities .. His sire, Moreri. 9658, he by Volcan (19058) out of Chopin (27971). She by Philibert F.60, dam Roxie, 16745. by Vernet, 2163; second dam by Sion, 484; third dam by Duncan Gray. 1229. Terms $15 to insure a living colt. You are cordially invited to call and see this horse.
S. P. KEENER Phone 15:664.
MARION, OHIO
Contractors
Leffler & Bland Builders' Supplies
Established 1857
Phone 4243
MARION, OHIO
143
MARION COUNTY
SPRAYING FORMULAS
FUNGICIDES .- Bordeaux mixture is made by taking three pounds of sulphate of copper, four pounds of quicklime, fiits gallons of water. To dissolve the copper sulphate, put it into a coarse cloth bag and suspend the bag in a re- ceptacle partly filled with water. Next, slake the line in a tub, and strain the milk of lime thus obtained into another receptacle. Now get some one to help you, and with buckets, simultaneously pour the two liquids into the spraying barrel or tank. Lastly, add sufficient water to make fifty gallons. It is safe 'to use . this :full-strength Bordeaux on almost all . foliage-except, perhaps, on extra tender things, such as watermelon vines, peach trees, etc. For these it is wiser to use a half-strength mixture.
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FORMALIN .- This is also called for- maldehyde, and may be purchased at drug stores. Its principal use is to treat seed potatoes to prevent "scab." Soak the whole seed for two hours in a mixture of one-half pint formalin and fifteen gallons of cold water; dry the seed, cut, and plant in ground that. has not recently grown potatoes.
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. BORDEAUX COMBINED WITH INSECT PoIsox .- By adding one-quarter pound .
of Paris green to each fifty gallons of Bordeaux, the mixture becomes a com- bined fungicide and insecticide. Or, instead of Paris green, add about two pounds of arsenate of lead. The advan- tages of arsenate of lead over Paris green are, first, it is not apt to burn foliage even if used in rather excessive quantities; and, second, it "sticks" to the foliage, etc., better and longer.
INSECTICIDES .- ARSENATE OF LEAD .- This is the best insecticide for chewing insects, and is for sale by seeds- men. Use about two pounds in fifty gallons of water.
may be used instead of Paris green in some cases-worms on currant and gooseberry bushes, for instance. (It is not such a powerful poison as the ar- senites; and would not do so well for tough insects such as potato-bugs.) Steep two ounces in one gallon of lot water, and use as a spray. .
FOR SUCKING INSECTS .- Now. we come to another class of insecticides, suited to insects which suck a plant's juice. but do not chew. Arsenic will not kill such pests; therefore we must resort to solutions which kill by contact.
KEROSENE'EMULSION."One-half pound; of hard or one quart of soft soap; kero -. sene, two gallons; boiling soft water, one gallon. If hard soap is used, slice it fine and dissolve it in water by boiling; add the boiling solution (away from the fire) to the kerosene, and stir or violently churn for from five to eight minutes, until the mixture assumes . a creamy consistency. If a spray pump is at hand, pump the mixture back upon itself with considerable force for about+ five minutes. Keep this as a stock. It must be further diluted with water be- fore -using. One . part of emulsion to fifteen parts of water, is about. right for lice.
CARBOLIC ACID EMULSION .- Made by dissolving one pound of hard soap or one quart of soft soap in a gallon of boiling water, to which one pint of crude carbolic acid is added, the whole being stirred into an emulsion. . One part of this is added to about thirty-five parts of water and poured around the. bases of the plants, about four ounces per plant at each application, beginning . when the plants are set out and re- peated every week or ten days until the last of May. U'sed to fight maggots.
WHALE-OIL SOAP SOLUTION .- Dissolve WHITE HELLEBORE .- This, if fresh, one pound of whale-oil soap in a gallon
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of hot water, and dilute with about six gallons of cold water. This is a good application for aphis (lice) on trees or plants. For oyster-shell or scurvy scale use this spray in May or June or when the tiny scale lice are moving about on the bark.
TomatCo TEL .- Piace five pounds of tobacco stems in a water-tight vessel. and cover them with three gallons of hot water. Allow to stand several hours; dilute the liquor by adding about seven gallons of water. Strain and ap- ply. Good for lice.
LIME-SULPHUR MIXTURE. - Slake twenty-two pounds of fresh lump lime in the vessel in which the mixture is to be boiled, using only enough water. to cover the lime. Add seventeen pounds of sulphur (flowers or powdered), hav- ing previously mixed it in a paste with water. Then boil the mixture for about an hour in about ten gallons of water, using an iron but not a copper vessel. Next add enough more water to make, in all, fifty gallons. Strain through .wire sieve or netting, and apply while mixture is still warm. A good, high- .pressure pump is essential to satisfac- tory work. Coat every particle of the tree. . This is the standard San Jose scale remedy, although some orchardists prefer to use the soluble oil sprays now on the market. .
PYRETHRUM, OR PERSIAN INSECT POW- DER .- It may be dusted on with a pow- der bellows when the plants are wet; or one ounce of it may be steeped in one gallon of hot water, and sprayed on tlie plants at any time. It is often used on flowers, in greenhouses, on vegeta- bles, etc.
BISULPHIDE OP CARBON .- This is used to kill weevils in beans and peas, etc. It comes in liquid form and may be had .of druggists. When' exposed to the air it quickly vaporizes into a poisonous and explosive gas which is heavier than air and which will destroy all insect life. (Caution .- Do not inhale the vapor, and allow no lights near.)
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Tobacco stems, tobacco dust, kainit, soot, freshly-slaked hme, dust, etc., are often used as insect freventives-in the soil around plants to keep away grubs, worms and maggots, or dusted on to discourage the visits of cucumber bugs, etc. (Note .- The first four are excel- lent fertilizers as well as insect pre- ventives.)
Crows and blackbirds frequently pull up planted corn. The best preventive is to tar the seed, as follows: Put the seed into a pail and pour on enough warm water to cover it. Add a tea- spoonful of coal-tar to a peck, and stir well. Throw the seed out on a sieve or in a basket to drain, and then stir .in a few handfuls of land plaster (gyp- sum), or air-slaked limc.
A NEW FUNGICIDE. - Some orchard- ists are now using the following self- boiled lime-sulphur spray, instead of Bordeaux, claiming that it is less liable to spot or burn fruit and foliage: Put cight pounds of unslaked lump lime in a barrel; add enough water to cover. When the lime begins to licat, throw in eight pounds of flowers of sulphur. Constantly stir and gradually pour on more water until the lime is all slaked ; then add the rest of the water to cool the. mixture. About fifty gallons of water, in all, are required. Strain. Two pounds of arsenate of lead may be added, if desired, to the finished mixture, which then becomes a com- bined fungicide and insecticide, and may be used in the same manner as advised for Bordeaux-arsenate of lead. (Special note .- The self-boiled mixture is not the same as the lime-sulphur advised for San Jose scale, which is too strong for trees in foliage.)
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