USA > Ohio > Marion County > The Farm journal illustrated directory of Marion County, Ohio : with a complete road map of the county, 1918-1923 > Part 17
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If you do not care .to bother with making spraying mixtures at home, they can be purchased, already prepared, of seedsmen. For only a few trees or plants, the extra cost of these factory mixtures is not great.
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MARION COUNTY
SPRAYING CALENDAR
PLANT
APPLE (Scab. rot. rust, codling moth, bud moth, tent cater- filler, canker worm, car. culto, etc.)
ASPARAGUS ( Rust, beetles. )
BEAN ( Anthracnose, leaf blight, weevil, etc. )
CABBAGE (Worms, lice, maggots,
CELERY (Blight, rot, leaf rust, caterpillars.)
spor .
CHERRY ( Rot. aphis. sing. curculio. black knot, leaf blight, or spee, etc.)
.
CURRANT GOOSEBERRY
is , leaf . blight . )
GRAPE (Fungous diseases. Rose buss, lice, lee, beatles lest.
MELONS CUCUMBERS (Mildew, rot, blight, striped bugs, lice, les beelle, etc.).
PEACH ( Rot, mildew, leaf carl, curculio, etc.)
PEAR AND QUINCE .... ( Leaf blight, scab. psylla, codling moth, blister mite, sings, etc.)
PLUM (Carcullo, black knot, leaf bright, brown rot, etc. )
POTATO (Flea beetle . Colorado beetle, blight rot, etc.)
TOMATO. ( Rot, blight, etc. )
FIRST APPLICATION
When buds are swelling. but before they open. Bor- dcaux. :
Cut off all shoots below surface regularly until about July 1st.
Treat. the seed before: planting with bisulphide of carbon. (Seè remarks.) When third leaf expands. Bordeaux.
Pyrethrum or insect pow- der.
Half strength. Bordeaux on young plants in botbed or seedbed.
buds are breaking. Bordeaux; when aphia ap- pear. tobacco solution of kerosene emulsion.
At first appearance . of worms,. hellebore.
In. apring. wben buda swell, Bordeaux.
Bordeaux, when vines be- gin to run.
As the buds awell, Bor- deaux.
buds are swelling . Bordeaux.
When' buds . are , swelling, Bordeaux.
Spray with Paris green and Bordeaux when about 4 in. high.
When plants : are :6 . in. high, Bordeaux .:
SECOND APPLICATION
If canker worms are abun- dant just before blossoms open. Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
After cutting ceases. let the . shoots grow and spray them with Bordeaux-arseni- cal mixture. ..
10 days later, Bordeaux.
7-10 days later, repeat.
Bordeaux, ' after planta ard transplanted to field. (Pyre- thrum for caterpillars if necessary.)
When blossoms drop, Bor. deaux-arsenical mixture.
10 days later, hellebore . Bordeaux: if leaf blight feared.'
Just before flowers unfold, Bordeaux-arsenical. mixture.
10-14 days repeat. (Note: Always use half strength Bordeaux watermelon vines.)
When fruit has set, repeat. Jar trees for curculio.
Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux. Kerosene emul- sion when leaves open for paylla, if needed.
When blossoms have fallen , Bordeaux-arsenical mixture: Begin to jar trees for cur- culio.
Repeat before insects . bo come numerous.
Repeat in 10-14 days. (Fruit can be, wiped if dis figured by Bordeaux.) .
NOTE .- For San Jose scale on trees and shrubs. spray with the lime-sulphur mixture in autumn after leaves fall, or (preferably) in early spring, before buds start. The lime-sulphur
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SPRAYING CALENDAR
THIRO APPLICATION.
FOUETIt APPLICATION.
REMARKS.
When blossoms have fallen. Bor. mix -
8.12 dass later. Bordeaux - arsenical mixturc.
For aphis (lice) use one of the lice remedies mentioned elsewhere. Dig out borers from tree trunks with knife and wire. For oyster- shell scale. use whale.oil soap spray in June_
2.3 weeks later. Bor. deaux-arsenical . mix.
Repeat in 23 weeks.
Now vines close to ground when they are killed by frost, bern them, and apply a much of stable manure.
14 days later. Bor. Jcaux.
14 days later, Bor. deaux.
For weevils: Put seed in tight box, put a cloth over seed. pour bisulphide of carbon on it, put lid on and keep closed for 48 hours. Use 1 oz. to. 4 bas. of seed.
7:10 days later. re-
Repeat every 10-14 days until crop is gathered. . . :
Root maggots: Pour carbolic acid emulsion around stem of plants. . . Club root: . Rocmte crops; apply lime to soul; burn' refuse; trest .seed with formalin before planting.
14 days. later. re- peat.
14 days later, re- peat.
Rot or rust is often caused by hilling ap with earth in hot weather. Use boards for summer crop. Pithy stalks are due to poor seed; or lack of moisture.
:10-14 days, Bor- deaux.
Hellebore. if second brood of slugs appear ..
Black knot: Dark fangous-looking bunches . or knots on limbs. Cut off and burn whenever seen.
10-14 days, repeat, if necessary.
2 to 4 weeks. later. repeat.
Cane-borers may be kept in check by cutting out and burning infested canes.
When fruit has set, Bordeaux . 'arsenical mixture.
2 to 4 weeks later, Bordeaux.
For lice, use any of the lice remedies. For rose bugs, use 10 pounds of arsenate of lead and one gallon of molasses 'in 50 gallons of water, as a. spray. Or knock the bugs into'? pana of kerosene every day. .
10.14 days, repeat.
10-14 days, repeat.
. Use lice remedies for fice. For striped bugs. protect young plants with a cover of mosquito netting over each bill. Or keep vines. well dusted with a mixture of air-slaked lime. to- bacco dust and a little Paris green.
When fruit Is one- half Crown, Bor.
deaux.
NOTE :- It is safer always to use half- strength Bordeaux on peach foliage.
8-12 days later, re- peat.
Look out for "fre blight." Cut out and burn blighted . branches whenever seen.
10.14 days Later. repeat.
10-20 days later, Bordeaux.
Cut out black knot whenever seen ..
Repeat for blight. rot and insecta ..
Repeat.
To prevent scabby tubers, treat the seed with formalin before planting.
Repeat in 10-14 days.
Hand pick tomato worms.
mixture is a fungicide as well as a scale cure, and if it is used the first early Bordeaux spray may be omitted.
147
Dig out borers Cut down and burn trees affected with "yellows."
After blossoms have. fallen. Bordeaux-ar. senical mixture.
·
deaux.arsenical turc.
MARION COUNTY
Cow Ailments and How to Treat Them . From the Bigsle Cow Book,
Let sick or maimed animals lie still Do not torture them by trying to get them up. Rub their limbs every day and keep a soft bed under them. They will get up when they are able.
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li a. cow. look poor and weak, put a blanket on her, keep her in a warm place, and feed her some corn meal and middlings, and some oats. Give her . warm drink, and stir a little cheap flour · in it. Do not let her run clear down .. Look ahead.
If cows are accidentally left out in a rain and seem cold, put them in the stable as soon as possible and rub them well If they shiver, put blankets on them until they are dry. If there is inflammation or hardness in the udder, bathe it thoroughly for at least half an ... hour, and rub gently until thoroughly dry.
..
If this does not effect a cure put a wars flaxseed poultice on the udder, which can be held in place by means of .an eight-tailed bandage. This should be changed twice a day until the hardness : and soreness are gone. Of course, .the cow should be milked out two or three times each day.
..
If a cow get a foreign body in the mouth turn her head towards the light and remove it. .
When chaff or other dirt gets into the eye syringe or sponge the eye fre- quently with clean cold water contain- ing sulphate of zinc one grain to each ounce of water. Keep stable darkened.
For CHOKING, examine throat and neck; if offending object is felt, attempt to force upward into the mouth by pres- sure of hands below the object. Give one pint linseed oil or melted lard. May sometimes reach with hand by holding tongue aside. Do not push a stiff stick or-fork handle down the throat; a piece of rubber hose, well, greased, is. less likely to ruin the cow.
If a cow has BLOAT or HOVEN there will be a drum-like swelling on left side in front of hip, caused by green food, wet or frosted clover. overfeeding, chok- ing. Give one-half teacupful table salt in water, as drench: Exercise .. . If not relieved 'give aromatic spirits. of am- monia, two ounces, well diluted, every hour.
Where there is great danger of suf- focation a puncture of the paunch may be made with a knife at a point, equally
distant from the point of hip and last rib, on left side of cow.
IMPACTION OF PAUNCH is caused by overeating, and the symptoms are fail- ing appetite, solid or doughy swell- ing on front of left hip. Give one to two pounds Glauber salts dissolved in water; follow every three hours by drench of mixture of equal parts com- mon salt, nux vomica powdered and capsicum. Dose, one tablespoonful.
In CoLic the symptoms are uneasiness, .striking belly with hind legs, lying down and getting up. Cause, change of diet, rapid feeding. Give Glauber salts, one pound in water; warm water enemas. Give every hour one ounce each of laudanum and sulphuric ether, diluted.
CONSTIPATION caused by_ dry, . coarser food and lack of exercise, is treated with green food, linseed meal and exercise; give pint of raw linseed oil. DIARRHEA is treated with starch gruel or flour and : water and dry food.
ScOURS in calves is caused by over- feeding, bad food or drink, damp stables, dirty . surroundings. Remove cause, and withhold food the best remedy. Give once daily twenty grains potassium per- manganate in tincup of water; also use same for enema.
Cows are subject to FOUNDER, showing sudden tenderness in two or more feet; .feet hot and may crack around top. of hoof. This comes from overfeeding. Give Glauber salts one pound, twenty drops tincture aconite .every two hours. Keep feet moist by wet. pasture or wet cloths.
GARCET or SWOLLEN UDDER, due to cold, injuries, overfeeding or heating food. Bathe frequently with warm water; dry, and apply warm lard. Milk often. Give internally two-drachm doses salicylic acid and one drachm soda bicarbonate in, one pint of milk four times daily.
DISCHARGE OF MUCUS from nostrils in- dicates catarrh from exposure, dust, or pollen of plants. ': ' Allow .animal ; to.". breathe steam from water containing pine tar.
In SORE THROAT there is difficulty in swallowing, food. returns . through nos- trils. Steam as in catarrh, give tincture belladonna one-half ounce every six hours. Rub throat with equal parts tur- pentine and sweet oil.
In BRONCHITIS there is dry cough first
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then loose, and discharge from nostrils; rattling sound in windpipe. Steam as in sore - throat and give uncture aconite twenty drops every two hours and two drachins muriate ammoma in one pint of water three times daily. For bron- chitis in young stock due to worms in windpipe, which sometimes occur in autumn where they are pastured late, give one ounce turpentine and six ounces sweet oil well mixed three times a week. Take from pasture and feed liberally.
In PNEUMONIA there is loss of appe- tite, animal standing, rapid breathing, pulse frequent, extremities cold. Cause, exposure or neglected bronchitis. Place in a. warm, dry, well-ventilated stable. apply to chest equal parts turpentine and alcohol and cover with blanket. In be- ginning give tincture aconite twenty drops every hour. If not better in two days : discontinue aconite and give one ounce tr. digitalis every eight hours. . ,In PLEURISY there is fever with rapid pulse, animal stands, grunts on moving or when chest is struck, has a short painful cough. Treat same as for pneu- monia ; give also one drachm iodide of potash twice daily.
SORE TEATS are caused by scratches from briers; bites of insects, dirt expo- sure, also from the contagion of cow pox at milking. Remove cause and use milk tube if necessary; apply to sores after milking small quantity of mixture gly- cerine four ounces and carbolic acid one drachm .: In cow pox milk affected cow 'last and apply to sores mixture glycer- ine four ounces, water eight ounces, chloride of zinc twenty grains.
WARTS on teats or other parts are generally easily removed by sharp scis- sors; dress wound as advised for sore teats.
MANCE causes great itching and gen- erally starts at root of tail or top of neck : cause. a minute parasite. Wash with soap and water and dry, after which apply lard which destroys the parasite.
For LICE and Ticks apply daily a tea made by adding one pound quassia chips to three gallons of boiling water. Or- dinary sheep dip is also effective. Car- bolic acid is one of the most effective agents against parasites. It should have a dilution of about one hundred times its bulk of water.'' Kerosene emulsion is good for lice on cattle, killing both adults and :ggs. To make. dissolve one- half pound hard soan in one gallon hot water and while still near the boiling
point add two gallons kesosene oil. Churn or agitate until emulsified. Use one part of this emulsion to eight or ten parts of water and use as a spray. . wash or dip.
In RINGWORM there are circular spots of baldness covered by gray or yellow crust ; caused also by a parasite. Wash with strong soap and water and apply pure creolin once daily for a week.
FOUL CLAW or HOOF DISTEMPER Causes lameness in one or more feet, swelling and heat around top of hoof, and bad smelling discharge around edge of hoof and between the claws. Cause, dirty stables, standing in stagnant water or mud. Trim off all loose horn, clean by wiping with dry rags, wet sores twice .. daily with mixture chloride of zinc one ounce, water one pint.
OVERGROWTH OF HOOF from standing in stable should be filed off with rasp.
SPRAINS . (generally . 'below . knee' or hock), causing heat and lameness with tenderness at point of injury, should be bathed with warm water or with lauda- num three parts, Icad water one part.
WOUNDS, if bleeding much, fill or cover the wound with clean cotton dipped in cold or quite warm water, and secure firmly with bandage; examine for foreign bodies, as splinters, nails and dirt. Do not fill wound with cobwebs to . stop bleeding. Remove the bandage be- fore swelling takes place; one applica- tion of bandage usually enough. Keep animal quiet first day, then allow exer- "cise. Keep wound clear and. apply car- bolic acid water 5 per cent. or creolin and water 1 to 10. Do not apply grease to wounds, If proud flesh forms apply daily enough powdered burnt alum. to. cover.
For an ABSCESS or cavity containing pus caused by bruises, etc., open freely and syringe with 10 per cent. creolin solution.
LOCKJAW, a constant muscular spasm involving more or less the entire body, is caused by the entrance of tetanus germs through a wound. There is stiff- ness of whole or part of body. more fre- quently the jaws. making eating difficult or impossible. If animal can drink give one-half ounce doses bromide potash five times daily; dissolve and place on . food or gruel or in water given to drink. Do not drench, and keep quiet. .
INVERSION OF VAGINA most frequent in springers, caused most frequently by stalls too low behind. Treat displaced parts with warm water and replace them.
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Place cow in stall eight inches higher be- hind than in front until after calving. INVERSION OF WOMB occurs after calv- . ing, same cause as above and treatment the same; get womb placed well for- ward.
STERILITY in bull is sometimes caused by high feeding and lack of exercise. Give nux vomica one drachm and cap- sicum one-half drachm once daily. In cow may be temporary, following abor- tion; if from other cause, seldom re- cover. Try same remedy as for bull
ABORTION is a frequent and trouble- some malady, occurring generally at about seventh or eighth month. Cause may be due to injuries or to contagion. Separate at once when suspected; after calf. is born syringe the womb with one . gallon of warm water containing one ounce creolin. Repeat daily as long as any discharge is seen. .. Afterbirth should be removed about. third day after calv; ing.' Disinfect stables thoroughly. Do not let cow take bull for at least two months after aborting.
RETAINED AFTZABIRTH is generally due to premature birth; should be removed on third or fourth day. Blanketing. warm stable, warm drinks may belp. If necessary to remove by hand should only be attempted by qualified person, otherwise it is advisable. to. allow it 'to . remain.'
· INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB is indi- cated by fever, loss of appetite, strain- Ing. . Caused by injuries in calving or .to attempts at. removal of afterbirth, and is generally fatal. Give two drachms salicylate of soda every four hours and syringe womb. with warm water and two ounces creolin to the gallon.
MILK FEVER Or PARTURIENT APOPLEXY is usually treated by inflation of the udder with air. Doubtless a regular "milk fever outfit," costing about $3, is best to use, as it precludes the possibility of in- fecting the sensitive interior of the udder. But in emergency, or in case the outfit is not procurable, the udder may be in- flated by using a bicycle or automobile air . pump. taking pains to be sure. the air used. is pure. If, in a stable, venti- late it well.
.
Attach a milking tube to the tubing of the pump. first dipping it in a carbolic solution (carbolic acid three teaspoons. water one pint). Wash each teat care -. fully with this antiseptic. before inflat- ing it, so as to prevent infection. In- sert the milking tube carefully. Work slowly.
Of course the udder must not be in -. flated unreasonably. After inflation, re- move the tube and leave the udder full of air for five to eight hours. Then the air may be worked out gently, and, if necessary, the inflation may be re- peated.
Cows so treated usually show marked signs of improvement within two hours.
ACTINOMYCOSIS (LUMP JAW) is a con- tagious disease due to a germ known as "Ray fungus." There are well-defined swellings about the jaw. head and throat, or may be on the tongue or in the lungs. These soften and open after a time and discharge matter; appetite good until well advanced: The treatment is,re- more by surgical means; late experi- ments indicate iodide of potash two .to three drachms daily to be a cure. Ad- vanced cases should be killed at once The meat should never be used forg food
MILK SICKNESS (TREMBLES ) is a dis case of cattle communicable to man and other animals by use of meat or milk : dry cattle most commonly and far more, severely affected. Milch cows may trans- mit this disease through the use of their. milk and yet show no trace of the dis- case' themselves. The symptoms are trembling upon least exertion as walk ing. "great. prostration and: deliriumd., Treatment is only prevention; do not use pastures known to produce this dis- case; unbroken land of certain district unsafe.
RHEUMATISM is shown by hot, painful swellings at the joints, generally the hocks, stiffness in walking or may be unable to rise. Bathe joints with. cam- phor and alcohol and give internally two . drachms salicylate of soda every three hours until four ounces have been given ; keep warm and dry and give laxative food.
TEXAS FEVER, a disease of Southern cattle which, when transmitted to North- ern cattle, is generally fatal in a few days. . The spread of the disease is gen- erally due to ticks; those from dis- cased animals contain the germs of the . disease and by their bites transmit it .: The indications are a high fever, stag -. gering gait, urine of reddish brown to black. great prostration, unconsciousness. dez:h. .. Most common in summer months: unknown in the north after heavy frost. Prevention. avoidance of cattle from Southern fever districts; dipping of Southern cattle to destroy the ticks.
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J. B. TAYLOR, M. D. 515 East Center St. MARION, OHIO
Office Hours :
7 to 9 A. M.
1 to 3 P. M. and
6 to 8 P. M.
Phone 5219
C. H. POWELL
R. A. POWELL
E. E. POWELL The EXCHANGE STORE CO. DEALERS IN
GENERAL MERCHANDISE
PHONE NO. 8
ADAMS EXPRESS CO.
MORRAL, OHIO
WILLARD STORAGE BATTERY SERVICE STATION
Kanable Storage Battery Co. MARION :: OHIO
HENNEY & COOPER
PRESCRIPTIONS A SPECIALTY
BOOKS .AND PHYSICIANS SUPPLIES Phone Orders Sent by Parcels Post
Marion
Phone 5275
Ohio
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MARION COUNTY
ALWAYS BUSY THE ECONOMY BOOT SHOP IS MARION COUNTY'S BEST PLACE TO TRADE "MARION FOR EVERYTHING". Across from Hotel Marica MARION, OHIO
JOHN J. WEIMER
DRUGGIST
A Good Place to Buy Drugs and Drug Sundries FARMERS'. RECIPES A SPECIALTY TEL. No. 2022
179 North Main St.
Marion, Ohio
ESTABLISHED 1883
The Citizens Bank UNINCORPORATED
Prospect - Ohio
General Banking
Make Our Bank Your Bank
M. E. FLEMING, Pres.
J. N. FREEMAN, Cashier .
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Concrete
Concrete is made by mixing together Portland cement, sand and stone (or gravel). Various proportions of each are used, depending upon the use to which the concrete is put. About half an hour after mixing these materials together, the mass begins to stiffen, until, in from half a day to a day, it be- comes so hard that you cannot dent it with the hand. By a month the mass is hard as stone-indeed, harder than inost stones. The best way to buy cement is in cloth sacks. .. Manufacturers charge more for cement in cloth sacks, but allow a rebate for the return of the empty sacks. A bag of cement weighs 95 pounds, and four such bags make a barrel of 380 pounds.
. It is important that your stock of cement be kept in a dry place. Once wet, 'it becomes . hard and lumpy, and in such condition is useless. If, how- ever, the lumps are caused by pressure in the storehouse, the cement may be. used with safety. Lumps thus formed can be casily broken by a blow from the back of a shovel.
:In storing cement, throw wooden blocks on the floor.' . Place boards over them and pile the cement on the boards, covering. the pile with a canvas or a piece of roofing paper .. Never, under . „any circumstances, keep cement on the ,bare ground, or pile it directly against the outside walls of the building.
... Do not use very fine sand. If there is a large quantity of fine sand handy, obtain a coarse sand and mix the two ! sands together in equal parts ; this mix- . ture is as good as.coarse sand alone.
Sometimes fine sand must be used, be- cause no other can be obtained; but in such an event an additional amount of cement must be used-sometimes as much as double the amount ordinarily required. For example, in such a case, instead of using a concrete 1 part ce- ment, 21/2 parts sand and 5 parts stone, use a .concrete 1 part cement, 11/4 .parts sand and 21/2 parts. stone.
Besides being coarse, the. sand should be clean. The presence of dirt in the sand is easily ascertained by rubbing a little in the palm of the hand. . If a little is emptied into a pail of water, the presence of dirt will be shown by the discoloration of the water. This can be discovered also by filling a fruit jar to the depth of 4 inches with sand and then adding water until it is within
an inch of the top. After the jar has · been well shaken, the contents should be allowed to settle for a couple of hours The sand will sink to the bottom, but the mud, which can be easily recognized by its color, will form a distinct layer on top of the sand, and above both will be a clear depth of water. If the layer of mud is more than one-half inch in thickness, the sand should not be used unless it is first washed.
To wash sand build a loose board platform from 10 to 15 feet long, with one end a foot higher than. the other. On the lower end and on the sides nail a board 2 by 6 inches on edge to hold the sand. Spread the sand over this platform in a layer three or four inches thick, and wash .it with a hose. The washing should be started at. the. high end and the water allowed to run through the sand and over the 2-by-6- inch piece at the bottom. A small quantity of clay or loam does not injure the sand, but any amount over 5 .per cent. does.
Great. care should be used in the selection of the stone or gravel. The pebbles should be closely inspected. to .. see that there is no clay on their .sur -. face. . A layer of such clay prevents the "binding" of the cement. If neces- sary, stone or gravel may be washed in the same way as above described : for . sand. 'Dust . may be left. in' the: crushed stone without fear of his inter- ·fering with the strength of the cement, but care should be taken to see that such dust is distributed evenly through the whale mass, and when dust is found in stone, slightly less sand should be used than ordinarily. As to the size of stone or gravel, this must be de- termined by the form of construction contemplated. For foundations or any - large thick structure, use anything from 1/2 to 21/2 inches in diameter. For thin walls use 14 to 1-inch stone. The best results are. obtained by the use of a mixture of sizes graded from small to. large. By this means the spaces . be- tween the stones or pebbles are reduced and a more compact concrete is' ob- tained. . Moreover, "this method. makes it possible to get along with less' sand and less cement.
Water for concrete should be clean and free from strong acids and alkalies. It may be readily stored in a barrel.
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MARION COUNTY
Shop Telephone No. 25
House Telephone No. 125 The LaRue Carriage Works JOHN ALT, Proprietor Dealer in Buggies, Carriages, Wagons. Engines, Cream Separators and Farm . Implements. Prompt Attention Given to All Kinds of Repairs. LA RUE OHIO
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