USA > Ohio > Tuscarawas County > The History of Tuscarawas County, Ohio > Part 21
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202
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
POPULATION OF OHIO BY COUNTIES.
COUNTIES
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
The State
581484
937903
1519467
1980329
2389511
2665260
3198002
1 Adams
10406
12281
18188
18883
20909
20750
24005
2 Allen
578
9079
12109
19185
23623
31314
3 Ashland
7882
14584
23724
28767
31814
82517
87139
5 Athens
6338
9787
19109
18215
21364
28768
28411
6 Auglaize
20829
28827
30901
34600
36398
39714
8 Brown
13356
17867
22715
27882
29958
30602
82911
9 Butler
21746
27142
28178
30789
35840
39912
42579
10 Carroll
8479
12181
16721
19782
22698
24188
27817
12 Clark.
9588
18114
16882
22178
25300
32070
41948
18 Clermont
15820
20466
23106
30455
83034
34268
36713
14 Clinton.
8085
11486
15719
18838
21461
21914
24756
15 Columbiana
-22033
35592
40378
33621
32836
88299
48602
16 Coshocton
7086
11161
21590
25674
25032
23600
26612
17 Crawford
68:28
10373
26506
48099
78033
182010
196943
19 Darke .
3717
6204
18282
20276
26009
$2278
40196
20 Defiance
7639
11504
22060
21817
23902
25175
27381
22 Erie ..
16633
24786
31924
30264
30538
31138
34281
24 Fayette
6316
8182
10984
12726
15935 50361
63019
86797
27 Gallia
7098
9733
13444
17063
22043
25545
28124
29 Greene.
9292
18036
27748
90438
24474
23898
27197
31 Hamilton
81764
52317
80145
156844
216410
260370
813374
82 Hancock
813
9986
16751
22886
23847
27784
88 Hardin
210
4598
8251
13570
18714
27023
34 Harrison
14345
20916
20099
20157
19110
18682
20456
35 Henry
12908
16345
22269
25781
27773
29183
80281
37 Hocking
2130
4008
9741
14119
17057
17925
21126
38 Holmes
9185
18088
20452
20589
18177
20776
40 Jackson
3746
5941
9744
12719
17941
21759
23686
41 Jefferson
8326
17085
29579
28872
27735
26333
27431
43 Lake
8499
5367
9788
15246
23249
31380
39068
45 Licking
3181
6440
14015
19162
20996
23028
26267
47 Lorain
5696
18467
26086
29744
30308
85526
48 Lucas
4799
6190
9025
10015
13015
15633
20129
50 Mahoning
6551
14765
12618
15490
16184
20563
52 Medina
8082
7560
18352
24441
22517
20092
21453
53 Meigs
4480
6158
11452
17971
26534
81465
32325
54 Mercer
8851
12807
19688
24999
29959
32740
36158
56 Monroe
15999
24362
31938
38218
52230
64006
78350
58 Morgan
5297
11800
20852
28585
22119
20363
20074
59 Morrow
17824
29334
88749
45049
44416
44886
49774
62 Ottawa
161
1034
1766
8544
13483
64 Perry
13149
16001
19725
21006
23469
24875
27415
66 Pike.
4253
6024
7626
10953
13643
15447
17927
67 Portage
10237
16291
19482
21736
21820
21809
24583
69 Putnam
9169
24006
44532
30879
31158
$2516
86306
71 ROBS
852
2851
10182
14305
21429
25503
32057
73 Scioto
5750
8740
11192
18428
24297
29902
33511
74 Seneca
2106
2671
12154
13958
17493
20748
24137
76 Stark ..
12406
26588
84603
39878
42978
52508
64081
77 Summit
15546
26153
38107
30490
30656
38659
44880
79 Tuscarawas
8328
14298
25631
81761
82463
83840
40196
80 Union
1996
3192
8422
12204
16507
18730
22375
81 Van Wert
49
1577
4793
10238
15823
23028
82 Vinton
9358
13631
15027
17228
83 Warren
17837
21468
23141
25560
26902
26689
28892
84 Washington
10425
11731
20823
29540
36268
40609
48244
85 Wayne ..
11933
23333
85808
$2981
32483
35116
40076
86 Williams
387
4465
8018
16633
20991
23821
87 Wood
733
1102
5357
9157
17886
24596
34022
88 Wyandot
11194
15596
18553
22396
1
Digitized by Google
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1
1110
8277
7712
14104
17254
21808
55 Miami
4615
8768
18521
28851
25741
25779
26496
57 Montgomery
20445
18583
19072
60 Muskingum
20751
19949
21158
63 Paulding
8429
13970
19344
20775
19678
18458
28218
65 Pickaway
10095
18826
22965
24419
24208
24584
27500
68 Preble
290
5189
7221
12808
17081
23718
70 Richland
20619
24068
27460
32074
35071
37097
40307
72 Sandusky
5159
18128
27104
30868
80827
36947 .
22560
27485
27344
34674
43788
61 Noble .
2248
8308
13364
19762
39 Huron
18341
23938
26203
26616
28532
31609
42 Knox
13719
14654
15576
15935
16326
44 Lawrence
11861
20869
85096
38846
87011
35756
40450
25 Franklin
10292
14741
25049
42909
7781
14048
17789
21058
28 Geanga
7791
15813
16297
17827
15817 26197
14190
14251
10529
14801
17528
21946
28038
31849
80 Guernsey
262
2508
8484
8901
14028
20585
36 Highland
18531
22489
25030
29183
26115
29188
39018
46 Logan
12863
25831
4672-2
67814
49 Madison
23735
25894
31001
42871
51 Marion
4791
13152
18177
23881
25556
30583
18 Cuyahoga
6966
11886
15719
22515
21 Delaware
12599
18568
24474
28188
82640
23 Fairfield
17170
20364
26 Fulton
18108
17685
15738
14491
16416
23813
22951
21933
23883
4 Ashtabula
11838
17187
20041
25444
7 Belmont
49688
11 Champaign
1
6675
9382
20280
7016 4945
75 Shelby
78 Trumbull
-
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
AREA IN SQUARE MILES.
MIL'S R. R. 1882.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
AREA IN SQUARE MILES.
1870.
1880.
STATES.
STATES.
Alabama
50,722
996,992
1,262,505 1,802
Oregon
95,244
90,923
174,768
689
Arkansas.
52,198
484,471
802,526 1,041
Pennsylvania
46,000
3,521,791
4,282,891
6,690
California
188,981
560,247
864,694 2,266
Rhode Island
1,306
217,353
276,531
211
Colorado
South Carolina.
29,385
705,606
995,577
1.483
Connecticut .
4,674
537,454
Tennessee ..
45,600
1,258,520
1,542,359
1,973
Delaware
2,120
125,015
Texas
237,504
818,579
1,591,749
5,844
Florida
59,268
187,748
269,493 793
Vermont
10,212
330,551
332,286
915
Georgia
58,000
1,184,109
1,542,180 2,581
Virginia
40,904
1,225,163
1,512,565
2,193
Illinois.
55,410
2,539,891
3,077,871 8,325
West Virginia ..
23,000
442,014
618,457
711
Wisconsin
53,924
1,054,670
1,315,497
3,441
Iowa ...
55.0-5
1,191,792
1,624,615 6,112
Kansas
81,318
364,399
996,096 3,718
1,950,171 38,113,253
TERRITORIES.
Arizona
113,916
9,658
40,440
557
Maryland
11,184
780,894
934,943 1,047
104,500
39,864
135,177
1,638
Michigan
56,451
1,184,069
1,606,937 4,283
60
131,700
177,624
...
Minnesota.
83,531
459,706
780,773 3,390
Idaho
90,932
14,999
32,610
265
Mississippi
47,156
827,922
1,131,597 1,231
Montana.
143,776
20,595
39,159
231
Missouri.
65,350
1,721,295
2,168,380 4,211
New Mexico ...
121,201
91,874
119,565
975
Nebraska
75,995
123,993
452,402 2,310
Utah.
80,056
86,786
143,963
908
Nevada
112,090
42,491
62,266 890
Washington
69,944
23,955
75,116
479
Wyoming
93,107
9,118
20,789
533
New Jersey.
8,320
906,096
346,991 1,025 1.131,116 1,753
New York
47,000
4,382,759
5,082,871 6,278
North Carolina.
50,704
1,071,361
1,399,750 1,619
Ohio .
39,964
2,665,260
3,198,062 6,663
Aggregate of U. S ... 2,915,203 38,555,983 50,155,783
PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. POPULATION AND AREA.
COUNTRIES.
POPULATION
DATE OF
CENSUS.
AREA OF SQUARE MILES.
CAPITALS.
POPU- LATION.
China
380,627,183
1881
4,413,788
Pekin
2,000,000
British India
254,899,516
1881
1,425,723
Calcutta ...
500,000
Russia ...
98,297,407
1879
8,387,816
St. Petersburg (1881) ..
876,575
United States-with Alaska.
50,442,066
1880
3,602,990
Washington
147,293
German Empire
45,234,061
1880
212,091
Berlin
1,122,360
Turkey ...
42,213,400
1881
2,396,692
Constantinople
800,000
Austria and Hungary
37,786,246
1880
240,942
Vienna
1,103,857
France
37,405,240
1881
204,092
Paris
2,269,023
Japan ..
35,925,313
1879
148,700
Yeddo
200,000
Great Britain and Ireland
35,262,762
1881
120,879
London
4,764,312
Italy ...
28,452,639
1881
114,296
Florence
169,000
Egypt.
16,952,000
1875
1,406,250
Cairo
250,000
Spain.
16,625,860
1877
182,750
Madrid
397,690
Mexico
10,025,649
1881
743,948
Mexico
315,996
Brazil
9,883,622
1872
3,287,963
Rio de Janiero
274,972
Persia
7,653,600
1881
610,000
Teheran .
200,000
Sweden and Norway
6,497,245
1881
293,848
Stockholm
168,775
Belgium
5,519,844
1880
11,373
Brussels
350,000
Roumania
5,290,000
1878
48,307
221,805
Portugal ..
4,348,551
1878
36,510
246,343
Dominion of Canada
4,324,810
1881
3,470,392
Ottawa
27,412
Netherlands
4,114,077
1881
12,648
328,047
Switzerland ..
2,846,102
1880
15,992
68,320
Peru
2,699,945
1876
503,718
101,488
Chili.
2,223,484
207,350
Venezuela
2,075,245
1881
439,120
Greece ..
1,979,805
1881
25,041
Athens
63,374
ยท Denmark
1,969,039
1880
13,784
234,850
Argentine Confederation
1,859,685
1,204,486
289,925
Servia.
1,700,211
20,850
Belgrade ...
27,000
Guatemala.
1,252,497
1881
41,830
Santiago de Guatemala
55,728
Ecuador
1,066,137
1875
248,372
Quito
70,000
Liberia
1,050,000
14,300
13,000
Hayti ...
800,000
10,204
22,000
San Salvador
554,785
1878
7.225
18,500
Uruguay
438,245
1880
78,538
Montevideo
73,353
Nicaragua
350,000
49,500
Managua
8,000
Honduras ..
350,000
39,600
Tegucigalpa ..
12,000
San Domingo
300,000
1880
18,045
San Domingo
10,000
Costa Rica
180,000
26,040
San Jose ....
2,500
Indiana
33,809
1,680,637
1,978,301 4,764
Kentucky
37,600
1,321,011
1,648,690 1,714
Louisiana
41,346
726,915
939,946 999
Maine
31,776
626,915
648,936 1,021
Massachusetts
7,800
1,457,351
1,783,085 1,934
Dakota
147,490
14,181
New Hampshire ..
9,280
318,300
Total Territories ..
965,032
442,730
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POPULATION.
POPULATION.
MIL'S R. R.
1882.
1870.
1880.
194,327 2,274
6%2,700 958
146,608 278
Total States
Colorada
Geneva
Lima
Bolivia
2,300,000
La Paz
Santiago
387,081
Caraccas
60,000
Copenhagen
1869 1880
Buenos Ayres (1881) ...
Monrovia.
Port au Prince
San Salvador
Bucharest
Lisbon ..
Amsterdam
District of Columbia
204
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
COMMENTS UPON THE ORDINANCE OF 1787, FROM THE STATUTES OF OHIO, EDITED BY SALMON P. CHASE, AND PUB- LISHED IN THE YEAR 1833.
[It would be difficult to find a more comprehensive review of the founda- tions of our system of laws than is given in the "Preliminary Sketch of the History of Ohio," by this distinguished representative of the bench and the bar of America. The work is now out of print, and is not easily obtained; besides, its great author has passed away; so these extracts are made more with a view of preserving old historical literature, than of introducing new; furthermore, the masses of the people have never had convenient access to the volumes, which, for the most part, have been in the hands of professional men only. The publication of the work first brought its compiler before the public, and marked the beginning of that career which, during its course, shaped the financial system of our country, and ended upon the Supreme Bench of the nation.]
By the ordinance of 1785, Congress had executed in part the great national trust confided to it, by providing for the disposal of the public lands for the common good, and by prescribing the manner and terms of sale. By that of 1787, provision was made for successive forms of Territorial government, adapted to successive steps of advancement in the settlement of the Western country. It comprehended an intelligible system of law on the descent and conveyance of real property, and the transfer of personal goods. It also con- tained five articles of compact between the original States, and the people and States of the Territory, establishing certain great fundamental principles of governmental duty and private right, as the basis of all future constitutions and legislation, unalterable and indestructible, except by that final and common ruin, which, as it has overtaken all former systems of human polity, may yet overwhelm our American union. Never, probably, in the history of the world, did a measure of legislation so accurately fulfill, and yet so mightily exceed the anticipations of the legislators. The ordinance has been well described, as having been a pillar of cloud by day and of fire by night, in the settlement and government of the Northwestern States. When the settlers went into the wilderness, they found the law already there. It was impressed upon the soil itself, while it yet bore up nothing but the forest. The purchaser of land became, by that act, a party to the compact, and bound by its perpetual cove- nants, 'so far as its conditions did not conflict with the terms of the cessions of the States.
* * *
* *
*
This remarkable instrument was the last gift of the Congress of the old confederation to the country, and it was a fit consummation of their glorious
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
labors. At the time of its promulgation, the Federal Constitution was under discussion in the convention; and in a few months, upon the organization of the new national government, that Congress was dissolved, never again to re-as- semble. Some, and indeed most of the principles established by the articles of compact are to be found in the plan of 1784, and in the various English and American bills of rights. Others, however, and these not the least important, are original. Of this number are the clauses in relation to contracts, to slavery and to Indians. On the whole, these articles contain what they profess to con- tain, the true theory of American liberty. The great principles promulgated by it are wholly and purely American. They are indeed the genuine princi- ples of freedom, unadulterated by that compromise with circumstances, the effects of which are visible in the constitution and history of the Union. * * * * * * *
The first form of civil government, provided by the ordinance, was now formally established within the Territory. Under this form, the people had no concern in the business of government. The Governor and Judges derived their appointments at first from Congress, and after the adoption of the Fed- eral Constitution, from the President. The commission of the former officer was for the term of three years, unless sooner revoked; those of the latter were during good behavior. It was required that the Governor should reside within the Territory, and possess a freehold estate there, in one thousand acres of land. He had authority to appoint all officers of militia, below the rank of Generals, and all magistrates and civil officers, except the Judges and the Secretary of the Territory; to establish convenient divisions of the whole dis- trict for the execution of progress, to lay'out those parts to which the Indian titles might be extinguished into counties and townships. The Judges, or any two of them, constituted a court with common law jurisdiction. It was neces- sary that each Judge should possess a freehold estate in the territory of five hundred acres. The whole legislative power which, however, extended only to the adoption of such laws of the original States as might be suited to the cir- cumstances of the country, was vested in the Governor and Judges. The laws adopted were to continue in force, unless disapproved by Congress, until re- pealed by the Legislature, which was afterward to be organized. It was the duty of the Secretary to preserve all acts and laws, public records and executive proceedings, and to transmit authentic copies to the Secretary of Congress every six months.
Such was the first government devised for the Northwestern Territory. It is obvious that its character, as beneficent or oppressive, depended entirely upon the temper and disposition of those who administrated it. All power, legisla- tive, judicial and executive, was concentrated in the Governor and Judges, and in its exercise they were responsible only to the distant Federal head. The expenses of the Government were defrayed in part by the United States, but were principally drawn from the pockets of the people in the shape of fees.
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
This temporary system, however unfriendly as it seems to liberty, was, perhaps, so established upon sufficient reasons. The Federal Constitution had not then been adopted, and there were strong apprehensions that the people of the Territory might not be disposed to organize States and apply for admission into the Union. It was, therefore, a matter of policy so to frame the Territorial system as to create some strong motives to draw them into the Union, as States, in due time.
The first acts of Territorial legislation were passed at Marietta, then the only American settlement northwest of the Ohio. The Governor and Judges did not strictly confine themselves within the limits of their legislative author- ity, as prescribed by the ordinance. When they could not find laws of the original States suited to the condition of the country, they supplied the want by enactments of their own. The earliest laws, from 1788 to 1795, were all thus enacted. The laws of 1788 provided for the organization of the militia; for the establishment of inferior courts; for the punishment of crimes, and for the limitations of actions; prescribed the duties of ministerial officers; regu- lated marriages, and appointed oaths of office. That the Governor and Judges in the enactment of these laws, exceeded their authority, without the slightest disposition to abuse it, may be inferred from the fact that except two, which had been previously repealed, they were all confirmed by the first Territorial Legislature.
*
At this period there was no seat of government, properly called. The Governor resided at Cincinnati, but laws were passed whenever they seemed to be needed, and promulgated at any place where the Territorial legislators hap- pened to be assembled. Before the year of 1795, no laws were, strictly speak- ing, adopted. Most of them were framed by the Governor and Judges to answer particular public ends; while in the enactmant of others, including all the laws of 1792, the Secretary of the Territory discharged, under the author- ity of an act of Congress, the functions of the Governor. The earliest laws, as has been already stated, were published at Marietta. Of the remainder, a few were published at Vincennes, and the rest at Cincinnati.
In the year 1789, the first Congress passed an act recognizing the binding force of the ordinance of 1787, and adapting its provisions to the Federal Con- stitution. This act provided that the communications directed in the ordinance to be made to Congress or its officers, by the Governor, should thenceforth be made to the President, and that the authority to appoint with the consent of the Senate, and commission officers, before that time appointed and commis- sioned by Congress, should likewise be vested in that officer. It also gave the Territorial Secretary the power already mentioned, of acting in certain cases, in the place of the Governor. In 1792, Congress passed another act giving to the Governor and Judges authority to repeal, at their discretion, the laws by
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
them made; and enabling a single Judge of the general court, in the absence of his brethren, to hold the terms.
At this time the Judges appointed by the national Executive constituted the Supreme Court of the Territory. They were commissioned during good behavior; and their judicial jurisdiction extended over the whole region north- west of the Ohio. The court, thus constituted, was fixed at no certain place, and its process, civil and criminal, was returnable wheresoever it might be in the Territory. Inferior to this court were the County Courts of Common Pleas, and the General Quarter Sessions of the Peace. The former consisted of any number of Judges, not less than three nor more than seven, and had a general common-law jurisdiction, concurrent, in the respective counties, with that of the Supreme Court; the latter consisted of a number of Justices for each county, to be determined by the Governor, who were required to hold three terms in every year, and had a limited criminal jurisdiction. Single Judges of the Common Pleas, and single Justices of the Quarter Sessions, were also clothed with certain civil and criminal powers to be exercised out of court. Besides these courts, each county had a Judge of Probate, clothed with the ordinary jurisdiction of a Probate Court.
Such was the original constitution of courts and distribution of judicial power in the Northwestern Territory. The expenses of the system were de- frayed in part by the National Government, and in part by assessments upon the counties, but principally by fees, which were payable to every officer con- cerned in the administration of justice, from the Judges of the General Court downward.
In 1795, the Governor and Judges undertook to revise the Territorial law&, and to establish a complete system of statutory jurisprudence, by adoptions from the laws of the original States, in strict conformity to the provisions of the ordinance. For this purpose they assembled at Cincinnati, in June, and continued in session until the latter part of August. The judiciary system un- derwent some changes. The General Court was fixed at Cincinnati and Marietta, and a Circuit Court was established with power to try, in the several counties, issues in fact depending before the superior tribunal, where alone causes could be finally decided. Orphans' Courts, too, were established, with jurisdiction analogous to but more extensive than that of a Judge of Probate. Laws were also adopted to regulate judgments and executions, for limitation of actions, for the distribution of intestate estates, and for many other general purposes. Finally, as if with a view to create some great reservoir, from which, whatever principles and powers had been omitted in the particular acts, might be drawn according to the exigency of circumstances, the Governor and Judges adopted a law, providing that the common law of England and all general statutes in aid of the common law, prior to the fourth year of James I, should be in full force within the Territory. The law thus adopted was an act of the Virginia Legislature, passed before the Declaration of Independence, when Virginia was
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
yet a British colony, and at the time of its adoption had been repealed so far as it related to the English statutes.
The other laws of 1795 were principally derived from the statute book of Pennsylvania. The system thus adopted, was not without many imperfections and blemishes, but it may be doubted whether any colony, at so early a period after its first establishment, ever had one so good.
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And how gratifying is the retrospect, how cheering the prospect which even this sketch, brief and partial as it is, presents! On a surface, covered less than half a century ago by the trees of the primeval forest, a State has grown up from colonial infancy to freedom, independence and strength. But thirty years have elapsed since that State, with hardly sixty thousand inhabitants, was admitted into the American Union. Of the twenty-four States which form that Union, she is now the fourth in respect to population. In other respects, her rank js even higher. Already her resources have been adequate, not only to the expense of government and instruction, but to the construction of long lines of canals. Her enterprise has realized the startling prediction of the poet, who, in 1787, wher. Ohio was yet a wilderness, foretold the future con- nection of the Hudson with the Ohio.
And these results are attributable mainly to her institutions. The spirit of the ordinance of 1787 prevades them all. Who can estimate the benefits which have flowed from the interdiction by that instrument of slavery and of legislative interference with private contracts? One consequence is, that the soil of Ohio bears up none but freemen; another, that a stern and honorable regard to private rights and public morals characterizes her legislation. There is hardly a page in the statute book of which her sons need be ashamed. The great doctrine of equal rights is everywhere recognized in her constitution and her laws. Almost every father of a family in this State has a freehold interest in the soil, but this interest is not necessary to entitle him to a voice in the concerns of government. Every man may vote; every man is eligible to any office. And this unlimited extension of the elective franchise, so far from pro- ducing any evil, has ever constituted a safe and sufficient check upon injurious legislation. Other causes of her prosperity may be found in her fertile soil, in her felicitous position, and especially in her connection with the union of the States. . All these springs of growth and advancement are permanent, and upon a most gratifying prospect of the future. They promise an advance in population, wealth, intelligence and moral worth as permanent as the existence of the State itself. They promise to the future citizens of Ohio the blessings of good government, wise legislation and universal instruction. More than all, they are pledges that in all future, as in all past circumstances, Ohio will cleave fast to the national constitution and the national Union, and that her growing energies will on no occasion, be more willingly or powerfully put forth, than in the support and maintenance of both in unimpaired vigor and strength.
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R. M. ROBY
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PART III. HISTORY OF TUSCARAWAS COUNTY.
BY J. B. MANSFIELD.
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HISTORY OF TUSCARAWAS COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
PRELIMINARY SURVEY.
P ROBABLY the history of no part of Eastern Ohio is fraught with deeper interest than that of Tuscarawas County. The history of every county, chronicling the pioneer period of trial and privation, the gradual development of the country's resources, and the rise and progress of its various institutions, has a local interest and value, but in Tuscarawas County events have trans- pired which give it a wider, though a sad, celebrity. They cover a period of greater duration, and a field of wider range than attaches to an ordinary county.
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