USA > Ohio > Warren County > The History of Warren County, Ohio > Part 21
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
POPULATION OF OHIO BY COUNTIES.
COUNTIES
1820
1880
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
The State
581434
937903
1519467
1980829
2339511
2665260
1 Adams
10406
12281
13183
18883
20909
20750
24004
2 Allen
578
9079
12109
19185
23623
31823
3 Ashland
7882
14584
23724
28767
31814
32517
37189
5 Athens
6339
9787
19109
18215
21364
23768
28413
6 Auglaize
20329
28827
30901
34600
36398
39714
49688
& Brown
13356
17867
22715
27832
29958
30802
82726
9 Butler
21746
27142
28178
30789
85840
39912
42580
10 Carroll
8479
12131
16721
19782
22698
24188
27817
11 Champaign 12 Clark
9533
13114
16882
22178
25300
32070
41947
18 Clermont
15820
20466
23106
30155
33034
34268
36713
14 Clinton
8085
11436
15719
18838
21461
21914
27599
15 Columbiana
22033
35: 92
40379
83621
32836
38299
98299
16 Coshocton
7086
11161
21590
25674
25092
23600
26641
17 Crawford
63:28 3717
6204
13282
20276
2600g
82278
40498
20 Defiance
7639
11504
22060
21817
23902
25175
27880
22 Erie ..
16633
24786
31924
30264
30533
31138
31283
24 Fayette
6316
8182
10984
12726
15935
17170
20364
25 Franklin
10292
14741
25049
42909
50301
63019
86816
26 Fulton
7098
9789
18444
17063
220;3
25545
28124
28 Geauga.
7791
15813
16297
17827
15817
14190
14255
29 Greene
10529
14801
17528
21946
26197
28038
31349
30 Guernsey
9292
18036
27748
30138
24474
23838
27197
31 Hamilton
81764
52317
80145
156844
216410
260370
818368
82 Hancock
813
9986
16751
22886
23847
27788
83 Hardin
14845
20916
20099
20157
19110
18682
20455
35| Henry
12908
16345
22269
25781
27778
29133
30280
37 Hocking
2130
4008
9741
14119
17057
17925
21126
38 Holmes
9135
18088
20452
20589
18177
20775
89 Huron
6675
13341
23933
26203
26616
28532
31609
40 Jackson
3746
5941
9744
12719
17941
21759
23679
41 Jefferson
18531
22489
25030
29183
26115
29188
89018
42 Knox
8326
17085
29579
28872
27735
26333
27450
43 Lake
3499
5367
9738
15246
23249
31390
39068
45 Licking
11861
20869
35096
88846
37011
35756
40451
46 Logan
3181
6440
14015
19162
20996
23028
262F8
47 Lorain 48 Lucas.
4799
6190
9025
10015
13015
15638
20 29
50 Mahoning
655551
14765
12618
15490
16184
20564
52 Medina
3082
7560
18852
24441
22517
20092
21454
53 Meigs
4480
6158
11452
17971
26534
31465
82825
54 Mercer
8851
12807
19688
24999
29959
32740
36178
56 Monroe
4645
8768
18521
28351
25741
25779
26197
57 Montgomery
15999
24862
31938
88218
52230
64006
78545
58 Morgan
5297
11800
20552
22119
20363
20074
59 Morrow
17824
29334
88749
45049
44416
44886
49780
61 Noble
20751
19949
21197
62 Ottawa
7016
13364
19763
63 Paulding
8429
18970
19344
20175
19678
18453
28218
65 Pickaway
4253
6024
7626
10953
13643
15447
17927
67 Portage
10095
18826
22965
24419
24208
24584
27500
68 Preble
10237
16291
19482
21736
21820
21809
21584
69 Putnam
9169
24006
44532
30879
31158
32516
36906
71 Ross ..
852
2851
10182
14905
21429
25503
33063
73 Scioto
5750
8740
11192
18428
24297
29302
33511
74 Seneca
2106
2671
12154
13958
17493
20748
24136
76 Stark.
12406
26588
34603
89878
42978
52508
61027
77|Summit
15546
26153
38107
30490
30656
38659
44882
8328
14298
25631
31761
32463
83840
40197
80 Union
1996
3192
8422
12204
16507
18730
22374
81 Van Wert
49
1577
4793
10238
15823
29080
82 Vinton ..
17837
21468
23141
25560
26902
26689
28892
84 Washington
10425
11731
20823
29540
36268
40609
48244
85 Wayne
11983
23333
85908
32981
32483
35116
37452
86 Williams
387
4465
8018
16633
20991
23821
87 Wood
733
1102
5357
9157
17886
24596
3402R
88| Wyandot
11194
15596
18553
22401
161
1034
1766
4945
8544
13490
64 Perry
13149
16001
19725
21006
23469
24875
27353
66 Pike ..
230
5189
7221
12908
17081
23718
70 Richland
20619
24068
27460
32074
35071
37097
40807
72 Sandusky
5159
18128
27104
30868
30827
36955
75 Shelby
22560
27485
27344
34674
43788
1110
8277
7712
14104
17254
21808
34 Harrison
262
2563
343-
8901
14028
20587
36 Highland
4791
18152
18177
23881
25556
80583
18 Cuyahoga
10373
26506
48099
78033
132010
196943
19 Darke.
6966
11856
1.5719
22518
21 Delaware
12599
18568
2447:
28189
R2640
23 Fairfield
7781
14048
17789
21062
27 Gallia
210
4598
8251
18570
18714
27028
13719
14654
15576
15935
16826
44 Lawrence
5696
18467
26086
29741
30308
85525
12863
25831
46722
67588
49 Madison
23785
25894
31001
42867
51 Marion
20280
20445
18583
19073
60 Muskingum
78 Trumbull 79 Tuscarswas
9353
13631
15027
17226
83 Warren
23818
22951
21933
23883
4 Ashtabula
11335
17187
20041
25443
7 Belmont
18108
17685
15:38
14491
16416
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9382
28585
55 Miami
2248
8308
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
11
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Ares in square Miles.
1870
1880
Miles R.R. 1872
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Area 'n square Miles.
1810
1860
RR 1872
States.
States.
Alabama.
50,722
996,992
1,262,794
1,671
Pennsylvania.
46,000
8,521,791
5.118
Arkansas
52,198
484,471
802,564
25
Rhode Island.
1,306
217,353
California
188,981
560,247
864,686
1,013
South Carolina ..
29,385
705,606
Colorado.
104,500;
39,864
194,649
992
Tennessee.
45.600
1,258,520
1,54 Y*
Connecticut.
4.674
537,454
622.083
820
Texas
237,504
816,579:
1,592,075
Delaware.
2.120
125,015
146,654
227
Vermont.
10,212
$30,551
882,20
Florida.
59.268
187.718
267.351;
466
Virginia.
40.904
1 .: 25,163
1,512,800
1,490
Georgia
58,000
1.184,109
1,539,048!
2,108
West Virginia
28,000
442,014
618,443
48.5
Illinola.
55.410
2,539,891
8.078,769
5,904
Wisconsin.
53,924
1.054,670
1.315,480
1,725
Indiana
33,509
1.680,007
1.973,562
8,529
Iows ..
55,045
1,191,792
1.624,620
3,160
Total States.
2,054,671
38,154,127
49,369,595
59,716
Kansas.
81,818
364,399
995,966
1,760
Louisiana.
41,346
726,915
940,103
`539
Arizona.
113,916
9.658
40.441
...
Maine.
31,7:6
626,915
648,945|
871
Dakota.
147,490
14,181;
185,180
Maryland,
11.194
780,894
934.732
820
Dist. of Columbia.
GO
131.700
177,698
Michigan.
56,451
1,184,059
1,686,331)
2,235
Montana
143,776
20,593.
59,157
Mississippi.
47,156
827,922
1,131 592
9 0
Utah ..
80,056
86,786
149,906
375
Nebraska.
75,995|
123.083
452.493
828
Wyoming
93,107
9,118
20.788
498
Nevada.
112,090
42,491|
62,265
593
New Hampshire ..
9.990
31 <.: 00
34: 981
790
Total Territories
860,482
402.866
783,271
879
New York.
47.000
4.382,759|
5.083.810
4,470
Aggregate of U.S ..
2.915,208
38,555,988
60,86%
Ohio .....
89,964
2,665,260
8,198,239
8,740
Oregon.
95.244
90,923/
174,767
179
"Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland.
PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; POPULATION AND AREA.
COUNTRIES.
Population.
Date of Census.
Area in Square Miles.
Inhabitants to Square Mile.
CAPITALS.
Population.
China
446,500.000
1871
3.741.846
119.3
Pekin ..
1,648.800
British Empire.
226.817.108
1871
4,677,432
48.6
London ..
3,251,800
Russia.
81,925.400
1871
8.003,778
10.2
St. Petersburg
667,000
United States with Alaska
38.925,600
1870
2.603,884
7.78
Washington
109,199
France.
36.469.800
1866
204,091
178.7
Paris.
1,825,300
Austria and Hungary
35,904,400
1869
240.848
149.4
Vienna
833,900
Japan.
34.785,800
149,399
232.8
Yeddo.
1.554,900
Great Britain and Ireland
31,817,100
121.315
262.3
London
8,251,800
German Empire.
29.906.092
1871
160,207
187.
Berlin
825.400
Italy .
27.439.921
1871
118,847
230.9
Rome.
244.484
Spain
16.642,000
1867
195,775
85.
Madrid
332,000
Brazil
10,000.000
3,253.029
8.07
Rio Janeiro
420,000
Turkey
16,463,000
672.621
24.4
Constantinople Mexico
210.300
Sweden and Norway
5.921.500
1870
292.871
20.
Stockholm
136,900
Persia ..
5.000.000
1870
635.964
7.8
Teheran.
120,000
Belgium.
5.021,300
1869
11.373
441.5
Brussels
314,100
Bavaria ..
4,861.400
1871
29,292
165.9
Munich.
169,500
Portugal.
8.995.200
1868
34.494
115.8
Lisbon ..
224,063
Holland
3.688.300
1870
12.680
290.9
Hague ..
90,100
New Grenada.
3.000.000
1870
357.157
8.4
Bogota ..
45,000
Chili
2,000.000
1869
132.616
15.1
Santiago.
115,400
Switzerland.
2,669.100
1870
15.992
166.9
Berne.
86,000
Peru.
471.838
5.3
Lima.
160,100
Argentine Republic.
1,812.000
871,848
2.1
Buenos Ayres.
177.800
Wurtemburg
1,818,500
7,533
241.4
Stuttgart.
91,600
Denmark.
1.784.700
1870
14.753 368,238
4.2
Caraccas
47,000
1.461,400
1871
5,912
247.
Carlsruhe
36,600
Greece ..
1.457.900
1870
19,353
75.8
Athens ..
43.400
Guatemala
1,180,000
1871
40,879
28.9
Guatemala.
40,000
Ecuador.
1.300,000
218.928
5.9
70.000
Paraguay
1,000,000
1871
63,787
15.6
Asuncion.
48,000
Hesse
823.138
2.969
277.
30.000
Liberia .
718.000
1871
9.576
74.9
Monrovia.
3,000
San Salvador.
600,000
1871
7.885
81.8
Sal Salvador
15,000
Hayti ..
572.000
10,205
56.
Port au Prince.
20,000
Nicaragua
350.000
1871
58.171
6.
Managua ..
10,000
Uruguay ...
300,000
1871
66,722
6.5
Monte Video.
44.500
Honduras
350.000
1871
17.092
7.4
Comayagua.
12.000
San Domingo
136.000
17.827
7.6
San Domingo.
20.000
Costa Rica.
165.000
1870
21.505
7.7
San Jose ..
2.000
Hawail.
62.950
7.638
80.
Honolulu
7.633
1
Massachusetts
7.800
1,457.311
1,783,012;
1,606
Idaho.
90,932
14,599
32,611
Minnesota
83,531
439,706
750.36
1,612
New Mexico.
121,201
91.574.
118,430
Missouri
65,350
1,721,295
2,16%, NO1
2,500/
Washington
69,944
23,955
75,120
New Jersey
8.320
906,096
1,130,93
1,265
North Carolina.
50.704
1,071,361
1,400.047
1.190
Bolivia ..
2.500,000 2.000.000
497.321
4.
Chuquisaca.
25,000
120.9
Copenhagen.
162.042
Venezuela. Baden ...
1,500,000
1869
761.526
1,075,000
Mexico.
9.178.000
1871 1871
1,648,708|
1.123
Territories.
Kentucky.
87,6UJJ
1,321.011
POPULATION.
POPULATION.
1
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204
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
COMMENTS UPON THE ORDINANCE OF 1787, FROM THE STATUTES OF OHIO, EDITED BY SALMON P. CHASE, AND PUB- LISHED IN THE YEAR 1833.
[It would be difficult to find a more comprehensive review of the founda- tions of our system of laws than is given in the "Preliminary Sketch of the History of Ohio," by this distinguished representative of the bench and the bar of America. The work is now out of print, and is not easily obtained; besides, its great author has passed away; so these extracts are made more with a view of preserving old historical literature, than of introducing new; furthermore, the masses of the people have never had convenient access to the volumes, which, for the most part, have been in the hands of professional men only. The publication of the work first brought its compiler before the public, and marked the beginning of that career which, during its course, shaped the financial system of our country, and ended upon the Supreme Bench of the nation.]
By the ordinance of 1785, Congress had executed in part the great national trust confided to it, by providing for the disposal of the public lands for the common good, and by prescribing the manner and terms of sale. By that of 1787, provision was made for successive forms of Territorial government, adapted to successive steps of advancement in the settlement of the Western country. It comprehended an intelligible system of law on the descent and conveyance of real property, and the transfer of personal goods. It also con- tained five articles of compact between the original States, and the people and States of the Territory, establishing certain great fundamental principles of governmental duty and private right, as the basis of all future constitutions and legislation, unalterable and indestructible, except by that final and common ruin, which, as it has overtaken all former systems of human polity, may yet overwhelm our American union. Never, probably, in the history of the world, did a measure of legislation so accurately fulfill, and yet so mightily exceed the anticipations of the legislators. The ordinance has been well described, as having been a pillar of cloud by day and of fire by night, in the settlement and government of the Northwestern States. When the settlers went into the wilderness, they found the law already there. It was impressed upon the soil itself, while it yet bore up nothing but the forest. The purchaser of land became, by that act, a party to the compact, and bound by its perpetual cove- nants, so far as its conditions did not conflict with the terms of the cessions of the States.
* * * *
* * *
* *
This remarkable instrument was the last gift of the Congress of the old confederation to the country, and it was a fit consummation of their glorious
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
labors. At the time of its promulgation, the Federal Constitution was under discussion in the convention; and in a few months, upon the organization of the new national government, that Congress was dissolved, never again to re-as- semble. Some, and indeed most of the principles established by the articles of compact are to be found in the plan of 1784, and in the various English and American bills of rights. Others, however, and these not the least important, are original. Of this number are the clauses in relation to contracts, to slavery and to Indians. On the whole, these articles contain what they profess to con- tain, the true theory of American liberty. The great principles promulgated by it are wholly and purely American. They are indeed the genuine princi- ples of freedom, unadulterated by that compromise with circumstances, the effects of which are visible in the constitution and history of the Union. * * *
The first form of civil government, provided by the ordinance, was now formally established within the Territory. Under this form, the people had no concern in the business of government. The Governor and Judges derived their appointments at first from Congress, and after the adoption of the Fed- eral Constitution, from the President. The commission of the former officer was for the term of three years, unless sooner revoked; those of the latter were during good behavior. It was required that the Governor should reside within the Territory, and possess a freehold estate there, in one thousand acres of land. He had authority to appoint all officers of militia, below the rank of Generals, and all magistrates and civil officers, except the Judges and the Secretary of the Territory; to establish convenient divisions of the whole dis- trict for the execution of progress, to lay out those parts to which the Indian titles might be extinguished into counties and townships. The Judges, or any two of them, constituted a court with common law jurisdiction. It was neces- sary that each Judge should possess a freehold estate in the territory of five hundred acres. The whole legislative power which, however, extended only to the adoption of such laws of the original States as might be suited to the cir- cumstances of the country, was vested in the Governor and Judges. The laws adopted were to continue in force, unless disapproved by Congress, until re- pealed by the Legislature, which was afterward to be organized. It was the duty of the Secretary to preserve all acts and laws, public records and executive proceedings, and to transmit authentic copies to the Secretary of Congress every six months.
Such was the first government devised for the Northwestern Territory. It is obvious that its character, as beneficent or oppressive, depended entirely upon the temper and disposition of those who administrated it. All power, legisla- tive, judicial and executive, was concentrated in the Governor and Judges, and in its exercise they were responsible only to the distant Federal head. The expenses of the Government were defrayed in part by the United States, but were principally drawn from the pockets of the people in the shape of fees. A
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
This temporary system, however unfriendly as it seems to liberty, was, perhaps, so established upon sufficient reasons. The Federal Constitution had not then been adopted, and there were strong apprehensions that the people of the Territory might not be disposed to organize States and apply for admission into the Union. It was, therefore, a matter of policy so to frame the Territorial system as to create some strong motives to draw them into the Union, as States, in due time.
The first acts of Territorial legislation were passed at Marietta, then the only American settlement northwest of the Ohio. The Governor and Judges did not strictly confine themselves within the limits of their legislative author- ity, as prescribed by the ordinance. When they could not find laws of the original States suited to the condition of the country, they supplied the want by enactments of their own. The earliest laws, from 1788 to 1795, were all thus enacted. The laws of 1788 provided for the organization of the militia; for the establishment of inferior courts; for the punishment of crimes, and for the limitations of actions; prescribed the duties of ministerial officers; regu- lated marriages, and appointed oaths of office. That the Governor and Judges in the enactment of these laws, exceeded their authority, without the slightest disposition to abuse it, may be inferred from the fact that except two, which had been previously repealed, they were all confirmed by the first Territorial Legislature.
*
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At this period there was no seat of government, properly called. The Governor resided at Cincinnati, but laws were passed whenever they seemed to be needed, and promulgated at any place where the Territorial legislators hap- pened to be assembled. Before the year of 1795, no laws were, strictly speak- ing, adopted. Most of them were framed by the Governor and Judges to answer particular public ends; while in the enactmant of others, including all the laws of 1792, the Secretary of the Territory discharged, under the author- ity of an act of Congress, the functions of the Governor. The earliest laws, as has been already stated, were published at Marietta. Of the remainder, a few were published at Vincennes, and the rest at Cincinnati.
In the year 1789, the first Congress passed an act recognizing the binding force of the ordinance of 1787, and adapting its provisions to the Federal Con- stitution. This act provided that the communications directed in the ordinance to be made to Congress or its officers, by the Governor, should thenceforth be made to the President, and that the authority to appoint with the consent of the Senate, and commission officers, before that time appointed and commis- sioned by Congress, should likewise be vested in that officer. It also gave the Territorial Secretary the power already mentioned, of acting in certain cases, in the place of the Governor. In 1792, Congress passed another act giving to the Governor and Judges authority to repeal, at their discretion, the laws by
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them made; and enabling a single Judge of the general court, in the absence of his brethren, to hold the terms.
At this time the Judges appointed by the national Executive constituted the Supreme Court of the Territory. They were commissioned during good behavior; and their judicial jurisdiction extended over the whole region north- west of the Ohio. The court, thus constituted, was fixed at no certain place, and its process, civil and criminal, was returnable wheresoever it might be in the Territory. Inferior to this court were the County Courts of Common Pleas, and the General Quarter Sessions of the Peace. The former consisted of any number of Judges, not less than three nor more than seven, and had a general common-law jurisdiction, concurrent, in the respective counties, with that of the Supreme Court; the latter consisted of a number of Justices for each county, to be determined by the Governor, who were required to hold three terms in every year, and had a limited criminal jurisdiction. Single Judges of the Common Pleas, and single Justices of the Quarter Sessions, were also clothed with certain civil and criminal powers to be exercised out of court. Besides these courts, each county had a Judge of Probate, clothed with the ordinary jurisdiction of a Probate Court.
Such was the original constitution of courts and distribution of judicial power in the Northwestern Territory. The expenses of the system were de- frayed in part by the National Government, and in part by assessments upon the counties, but principally by fees, which were payable to every officer con- cerned in the administration of justice, from the Judges of the General Court downward.
In 1795, the Governor and Judges undertook to revise the Territorial laws, and to establish a complete system of statutory jurisprudence, by adoptions from the laws of the original States, in strict conformity to the provisions of the ordinance. For this purpose they assembled at Cincinnati, in June, and continued in session until the latter part of August. The judiciary system un- derwent some changes. The General Court was fixed at Cincinnati and Marietta, and a Circuit Court was established with power to try, in the several counties, issues in fact depending before the superior tribunal, where alone causes could be finally decided. Orphans' Courts, too, were established, with jurisdiction analogous to but more extensive than that of a Judge of Probate. Laws were also adopted to regulate judgments and executions, for limitation of actions, for the distribution of intestate estates, and for many other general purposes. Finally, as if with a view to create some great reservoir, from which, whatever principles and powers had been omitted in the particular acts, might be drawn according to the exigency of circumstances, the Governor and Judges adopted a law, providing that the common law of England and all general statutes in aid of the common law, prior to the fourth year of James I, should be in full force within the Territory. The law thus adopted was an act of the Virginia Legislature, passed before the Declaration of Independence, when Virginia was
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yet a British colony, and at the time of its adoption had been repealed so far as it related to the English statutes.
The other laws of 1795 were principally derived from the statute book of Pennsylvania. The system thus adopted, was not without many imperfections and blemishes, but it may be doubted whether any colony, at so early a period after its first establishment, ever had one so good.
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And how gratifying is the retrospect, how cheering the prospect which even this sketch, brief and partial as it is, presents! On a surface, covered less than half a century ago by the trees of the primeval forest, a State has grown up from colonial infancy to freedom, independence and strength. But thirty years have elapsed since that State, with hardly sixty thousand inhabitants, was admitted into the American Union. Of the twenty-four States which form that Union, she is now the fourth in respect to population. In other respects, her rank is even higher. Already her resources have been adequate, not only to the expense of government and instruction, but to the construction of long lines of canals. Her enterprise has realized the startling prediction of the poet, who, in 1787, when Ohio was yet a wilderness, foretold the future con- nection of the Hudson with the Ohio.
And these results are attributable mainly to her institutions. The spirit of the ordinance of 1787 prevades them all. Who can estimate the benefits which have flowed from the interdiction by that instrument of slavery and of legislative interference with private contracts? One consequence is, that the soil of Ohio bears up none but freemen; another, that a stern and honorable regard to private rights and public morals characterizes her legislation. There is hardly a page in the statute book of which her sons need be ashamed. The great doctrine of equal rights is everywhere recognized in her constitution and her laws. Almost every father of a family in this State has a freehold interest in the soil, but this interest is not necessary to entitle him to a voice in the concerns of government. Every man may vote; every man is eligible to any office. And this unlimited extension of the elective franchise, so far from pro- ducing any evil, has ever constituted a safe and sufficient check upon injurious legislation. Other causes of her prosperity may be found in her fertile soil, in her felicitous position, and especially in her connection with the union of the States. All these springs of growth and advancement are permanent, and upon a most gratifying prospect of the future. They promise an advance in population, wealth, intelligence and moral worth as permanent as the existence of the State itself. They promise to the future citizens of Ohio the blessings of good government, wise legislation and universal instruction. More than all, they are pledges that in all future, as in all past circumstances, Ohio will cleave fast to the national constitution and the national Union, and that her growing energies will on no occasion, be more willingly or powerfully put forth, than in the support and maintenance of both in unimpaired vigor and strength.
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S. S. Haines
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PART III. HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY. BY JOSIAH MORROW.
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