The History of Warren County, Ohio, Part 71

Author: W. H. Beers & Co.
Publication date: 1882
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 1081


USA > Ohio > Warren County > The History of Warren County, Ohio > Part 71


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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The Ministerial Association of Cincinnati delegated a committee to attend the services, consisting of Revs. J. G. Monfort. D. D., Thomas H. Skinner, D. D., Edward Cooper, D. D., L. F. Walker, W. H. James, Thomas Courtle- you and J. P. E. Kumler, D. D. The church was filled to its utmost capacity. After a half hour spent in devotional exercises, Mr. Cushman was called on, and gave a review of his twenty years' work. He was followed by Rev. Will- iam B. Spence, of Sidney, who spoke of pioneer life in this section of the Little Miami Valley, and recalled many incidents connected with the early history of this church, near which he was born in 1804. This closed the morn- ing exercises, and after partaking of a banquet served in the parsonage, the audience returned to the church, where the afternoon exercises were begun by Rev. Thomas Courtleyou, Mrs. Cushman's pastor before her marriage. He was followed by Mrs. Horace Clinton, a sister of Rev. Mr. Walker, in an eloquent and touching address to the pastor, on behalf of the congregation. The address was followed by the presentation of the "Eagles." This was an unique and most touching ceremony, in which each year was represented by a Sabbath school scholar. This band of children, twenty in number, came for- ward in procession and successively repeated an appropriate verse prepared for the occasion, each in turn presenting a golden coin to the pastor. At the con- clusion of this touching ceremony, congratulatory letters were read, presents tendered, and some short speeches made by brother ministers present. The audience then sang the hymn, "Blessed Be the Tie that Binds," and were dis- missed, thus closing an eventful day in the history of Bethel Church.


Members Received into the Church, 1814 to 1850 .- 1814, James Smith and Agnes, his wife; 1815. Hannah Walker, Samuel Stewart, Mary Sewel; 1816, Margaret Spence, Isabella Spence, Hannah Spence; 1817, Alex. Hall; 1822,


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Sarah Anderson, William Mitchell, Samuel Spence; 1824, John Anderson: 1825, Mrs. Elsie C. Roat, Margaret Roat; 1826, Mrs. Mary Burton, Joseph Owen, Annie Patten, William Spence, Thomas Dickey and Isabella, his wife, John Spence, William Thatcher and Hester, his wife; 1827, William Shields, Jacob Morris, Mrs. Polly Sbule, James Spence, Susannah Morris, Annie Hay- wood, Phoebe Clinton, Hannah Shields. Elsa Mckinney. Hester Eveland. Joseph Wallis, Mrs. Rebecca Spence; 1828, John Oliver and Margaret, his wife, Miss Mary Munce, Mrs. Sarah Spence, John O. Thacker, Andrew W. Spence, Samuel W. Spence, Andrew Spence, Jr., James Walker, Mary Shields, Eleanor Clinton, Judith Anderson, Sarah Anderson, Permelia Snell, Jane Spence, Esther Spence, Ann Spence, Bulah Thacker, Eliza Paxton, Elizabeth Dunlap, James Dunlap, Joseph Dunlap, Lewis Atkinson, Isabella Martin, Daniel Barber, Jane Cox, Thomas Spence, George Shields, John Shields, Lucinda Shields, Elizabeth Kelley, Samuel Walker, Jr., Joseph Anderson, Elizabeth Burton, Catherine Burton, Jacob Schuyler and Margaret, his wife, Elenor Cummins, Jane Ann Cummins, Mary Wene, Mary Ann Gillis, Joseph Branch, Samuel B. Walker, John Walker, Isabella Hall, Jane Liggett, David Shields; 1828, Patience Barber, Martha Clinton, Margaret Dickey, Benjamin. Thacker, George Constable, Charles Leeper, Tabitha Drake, Rebecca Barker, John Dunlap, William Roat, Charles Cummins, William Cummins, Elizabeth Cummins, Nancy Kelley, Elizabeth Wene, Girty Schuyler, Hester Thacker. Elenor Simonton, Jane Mckinney, Susannah Oliver. Ann Wene, Eliza Mullen, Jenetta Frybarger; 1829, Mrs. Ruth Burrows, Mrs. Elizabeth Higgins, Annie Munce, Mrs. Benjamin Erwin, William Spence, Jr., William Frybarger.


May 29, 1830, the church of Union having, by consent, united with Bethel Church, the following enrolled themselves as members, viz. : Harman Eveland, Jennetta, his wife, Mrs. Sarah Orr, Mrs. Martha Paxton, Mrs. Elenor Leeper. In this same year a camp-meeting was held at Montgomery, lasting from August 27 to August 31, inclusive, at which the following persons were received into the communion of the church, viz. : Catharine Brunson, Thomas Brunson. David Cummins, Deborah Foster, Elizabeth Parker, Jessie Wood, Elizabeth Wood, Andrew J. Walker, Hester Haywood, Margaret Heaton, Phoebe Heaton, Lydia Haywood, Joseph A. Shields, Caleb Oliver; 1830, Sarah Munce, Margaret Oliver, Margaret Coburn, Nancy Cox, Catharine Spence; 1831, Mary Ann Nickles, Anna Garrison, Jonas Garrison and Elizabeth, his wife, Miss Rachel Phillips; 1832, John Spence; 1833, Abraham Wilson, Margaret S. Frame, David Biggs, Elizabeth Scott. Jane Scott, Richard McKinney and Lydia, his wife, Mrs. Martha Boyd; 1834, Andrew Campbell, Rebecca Gordon, Joseph Rapp and Margaret Rapp; 1835, Mrs. Martha Irwin, Carrie A. Westerfield, George Rapp, William Scott, Maria Oliver, Mary Scott, Margaret Gaines, Da Hiram Cox and Margaret, his wife, Caroline Spence, Isaac Westerfield, Han- nah Oliver, Margaret Dickey, Agnes Campbell; 1836. Mrs. Mary Marsh. Mrs. Elizabeth Cook, Mrs. Eliza Spence, from Middle Spring, Penn .; 1837, Agnes Lowry, Maria Fold, James Hindman and Mary, his- wife, Samuel Anderson, Katherine Quimby, Mrs. Mary Felter, Mrs. Martha Boyd; 1838, Preston Bishop and Hannah, his wife, Fannie Stephens, Adaline Stephens, William Schuyler and Christina, his wife; 1842, Ruanza Phillips, Elizabeth Anderson, Mariah Millspaugh, Rachel Burton. Elenor Morris, William Coburn, Leah Walker; 1843, Dgnira Johnson, Jane Walker, Elizabeth Clinton, Nancy Newel, Lewis Elston; 1845, Cassander Wene, Louis A. Miles, Sarah Miles, Joana Spence; 1846, Eliza Phillips; 1849, Elenor Walker, William H. Walker, Mary Jane Shields, Mary Spence, Ezra A. Butler; 1850, Rachel Shields.


Names of Elders :-- Colon Spence, Robert Shields, Joseph Owens, William Spence, Thomas Dickey, John Oliver, George Shields. R. B. Mckinney, Sam-


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uel W. Spence, J. B. Spence, B. Erwin, William Thacker, William Swank, James Walker, Samuel Spence, Dr. N. W. Bishop, Alexander Robb, Daniel Shields. The present incumbents are A. J. Walker, William Swank, Dr. N. W. Bishop and Samuel Spence.


Death of Members as copied from Records. -- Isaac Spence, January 24. 1820; Margaret Anderson, October 15. 1820; Jane Shields, September 7 1821; James Anderson, May 5, 1825; Sarah Anderson, May, 1827; John Ander- son, September 14, 1827; Upheny Munce, July 16, 1830; Mary Munce, July 17, 1830; Esther Spence, October 17, 1830; Joseph Anderson, May 13, 1831; Mrs. Annie Spence, July 13, 1831; Harman Eveland, August 17, 1831; Isaac Clinton, January 13, 1832; Margaret Spence, February 12, 1832; Katherine Thacker, September 7, 1833; Martha Paxton, March 10, 1835; Rhoda Martin, . August 13, 1835; Colon Spence, June 13, 1836; William Spence, 1837; Wil- liam Newel, December 20, 1840; Mary Burton, August 7, 1840; Mary Wene, April, 1840; Sarah Martin, May 3, 1841; Eliza Mckinney, August 9, 1841; Jacob Schuyler, May 10, 1841; Katherine Spence, November 20, 1842; Sarah Spence, January 15, 1843; James Smith, 1844; Margaret Schuyler, April 10, 1844; John Ross, August 20, 1844; Samuel B. Walker, December 6, 1845; Elenor Simonton, October 8, 1848; Thomas Spence, March 6, 1849; Hannah Walker, February 14, 1851; Samuel S. Shields, 1852; Agnes Smith, April 12, 1854; Thomas Dickey, May 14, 1856; Isabella Walker, September 25, 1857; Martha Shields, November 19, 1863; Isabella Dickey, November 1, 1864; James Martin, March 12, 1864; Hester Ann Walker, December 24, 1864; Mar- tha Clinton, April 7, 1865; Mary Ann Gillis, December, 1866; Esther Spence, March 12, 1866; Andrew Spence, 1866; Alexander Gaines Walker, killed at battle of Murfreesboro, December 31, 1862; Minerva `Shields, January 24, 1867; Francis M. Swank, August, 1869; John Quincy Spence, October 17,1868; Hannah Spence, June 8, 1871; Rachel Burton, 1871; Caroline Swank, March 23, 1871; James Caldwell, August 9, 1871; Aaron Schuyler, December, 1872; Ruanza Spence, June 8, 1873; William H. Walker, June 2, 1873; James Walker, July 15, 1879; Eliza H. Spence, July, 1880; Jane Spence, February 20, 1880; George Shields, July 26, 1880.


The above is only a very limited list of the dead, but is all that could be gathered from the church records.


BETHEL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY.


The use of intoxicating drink was a besetting sin among the pioneer set- tlers. Its evil effects were felt in almost every household. Was there to be a wood-chopping or a log-rolling, and we might add with truth, a church build- ing to be raised, whisky was regarded as one of the essential aids to a prop- er performance of the work. No farmer thought of commencing his harvest, without first securing a liberal supply of liquor. Thomas Dickey, then a young man, was one of the first to awaken to a knowledge of the moral degra- dation being fastened upon the community by its use. About the year 1825, young Dickey, in connection with James Walker, William Shields, and Andrew Spence, organized the "Bethel Temperance Society." A constitution was drafted and necessary by-laws were adopted. Thomas Dickey was chosen President. Accessions were rapidly made, and in a short time the society numbered one hundred members. It is a remarkable fact that among all these members, but a single violation of the pledge occurred. The influence of this society for good was incalculable. It banished whisky from the social gath- erings, from the harvest field, from the log-rolling and other similar gather- ings. The society preserved its organization for many years and finally died out, not because the temperance spirit was less dominant, but because the work was completed in the neighborhood. There was no longer any foe to fight.


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HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.


DEERFIELD TOWNSHIP. HY LOUIS F. COLEMAN.


Only a century ago, the territory known as Deerfield Township was clad in its native wildness. Not an open space could be found which would let the mellowing light of the sun pass to the then undisturbed soil. The forests stood an impenetrable wilderness and, with not a tree amiss from their number, defied any transformation of nature's unexplored solitude. Heavy under- brush formed itself into one continuous mat, only broken by the winding trails along which the native red man was wont to wander.


TOPOGRAPHY.


Already had the streams penciled their courses between the rounded and rock-ribbed hills and the many springs had an easy outlet at all times by which their chilled waters were carried oceanward. The springs and streams are to-day as they were centuries ago. The names they bear were given to them by the early settlers. They were so given on account of local causes.


The Little Muddy Creek is the pride of the Northern part as it courses its way toward the Little Miami. Then comes Muddy Creek, the largest stream of the township, taking up the waters "that become unclasped from the folds of the ground," near Socialville, then forwarding its way diagonally across the township in a northeasterly way. Spring Run carries the waters away from the many springs in the southwestern part. The Little Miami scal- lops the eastern boundary and coaxes the waters from Espy's Creek (now Simp- son's) and Cat, or Monger's Run. The township is well watered throughout. The wells are of the best, being from twenty to thirty feet in depth, and limy in nature, owing to the limestone strata that exist throughout our territory. The lowlands at the source and along the streams, in the earlier period, were covered with water, which places, in later days, have been tiled and drained and now form some of the richest farms in Southwestern Ohio. Swamps and marshes were numerous at an early date, but they have become valuable fields by the ingenuity of man.


The character of the soil in the north is of that rich black quality generally found in bottom lands, which is so well adapted to the raising of corn and heavy- yielding barley; in the south it assumes a more clayey nature, better known 88 wheat-and-oats land. This difference in the soil makes the season for the farm- er two weeks earlier in the northern part than in the southern. The forests are so far cleared away that not more than one-eighth part of the township is now covered with woodland.


The land originally was well timbered with oak, elm, ash, hickory, wild cherry. maple, sugar-tree, black and white walnut, sycamore, cottonwood, etc. etc. ; but the forests have so yielded to man's longing for cleared land, that the scarcity of certain kinds of timber is so great that many trees now are sold for $50 as they stand in the woods. The monarch oaks seem troubled as their bald and dying tops indicate, owing to the stealing away of the moisture from the ground, by the thorough draining of the land and the destroying of the under- brush.


Rich deposits of gravel are found in the northern part, supposed to have been cast there by the melting of icebergs in a very remote period, when the oceanic waters rolled over our surface. These icebergs holding this gravel


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wended their way through what we now term valleys, until they reached this latitude, where it is supposed the temperature was such as to melt them, thus depositing the gravel and forming inexhaustible knolls from which the neces- sary material has been obtained for the numerous improved roads of the town- ship.


In early days, the country contained many "deer-licks," being springs tainted somewhat with saline substances, and to these many deer were wont to go. It is from this cause that the name Deerfield was given to the township. This name was given to one of the townships of Hamilton County about 1796, which included nearly all of what is now Warren County. There were three noted licks-one was north of Mason, on Dodd's place, where the early settlers went to capture game. The men had planks placed in the trees upon which they rested while awaiting the coming of the deer. Another was known as the Deer Park and was south of Mason. This consisted of a spring and grounds within an elevated ridge. Upon the ridge, the settlers had placed a barrier of logs leaving an open place through which the deer could enter in order to reach the spring. When once within this inclosure, the hunters, closing the opening, would take all within captives. This was an attractive place for sportsmen and many deer were killed here. The third lick was south of Social- ville. Around these springs to-day nothing is seen but cultivated fields.


EARLY SETTLEMENTS.


To whom is due the honor of being the first settler in this township is not definitely known, as persons settled early in different localities. The forfeitures in Symmes' Purchase are explained in the general county history. There were many of these in Deerfield Township. The first settlers of the township located on these claims and were generally of the poorer class. Joseph Coddington and Peter Tetrick were undoubtedly the first white men who made their homes in the township. Coddington settled on the forfeiture of Section 35. He was a Pennsylvanian by birth, and settled here about 1795; his first house was made of bark built against a log, and in it he lived while making his improve- ments. Having cleared some land, he raised corn and carried it on his back to Columbia to be ground, being gone some days at a time for this purpose. He afterward built a log house and continued his improvements. He shot deer and wild turkeys from the door of his cabin and had adventures with bears and wolves. He had a family of ten children who grew up, married and raised families. His descendants write their name Corrington. Joseph Codding- ton and two of his sons served in the war of 1812.


Peter Tetrick settled on the forfeiture of Section 27, where he built a rude house and lived by himself ten years before he was married. He came from Virginia quite early and stopped at Fort Washington before coming to this township. Failing to secure a deed for his forfeiture land, he purhased land from Thomas Espy upon which he lived and raised a large family. He mar- ried a Miss Lowry.


Benjamin Morris was probably the first settler in the immediate vicinity of Twenty Mile Stand; he settled on the forfeiture in the northeastern part of Section 20, for which he received a deed in 1798; he afterward removed to Turtle Creek Township.


William Wood settled on the Little Miami about 1797, and built his mill in 1798 or 1799.


Robert Witham settled about 1798 on the eastern half of Section 28; he was the ancestor of many families of Withams now found throughout the township.


Moses Kitchel was the first to receive a deed from Symmes. His farm


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was on Section 18, upon which he settled about 1796. He was a man given to much speculation and traded continually in land; he was from Wales.


Thomas Espy, Jeremiah Morrow and John Parkhill, having selected lands in the same vicinity, came up from Columbia to survey them in the winter of 1796-97. They encamped in the woods; the weather was extremely cold, and Mr. Parkhill, having his feet frozen, they were detained for some time in the wilderness. Gov. Morrow was at that time a young unmarried man, and boarded at the house of Mr. Espy, in Columbia, and followed the business of surveying. Espy and Morrow came to Columbia in 1795.


Thomas Espy settled on Section 21, and built his cabin about one-half mile north of the site of Twenty Mile Stand, on a stream then called Espy's Run Morrow and Parkhill settled on Section 15. Soon after, David Espy, a brother of Thomas, purchased the lands where Twenty Mile Stand now is, and began a settlement there, where he continued to reside until his death, at an advanced age Parkhill and Morrow were brothers-in-law, and lived as near neighbors until their death, and died within two weeks of each other, in 1852, both over eighty years of age. David Espy was a Swedenborgian. Thomas Espy, John Park- hill and Gov. Morrow were members of the Associate Reformed Church and assisted in the establishment of a church near Glendale, Hamilton County, which was the first church of this denomination in the Northwest Territory. Morrow was the father of eleven children, Parkhill of fifteen and Thomas Espy of eleven.


John Patton settled on the forfeiture of Section 34.


Thomas Crawford settled on the forfeiture of Section 22.


Ruloph Schenck was one of the earliest in the western part of the town- ship, settling on Section 6, now the Voorhis place. Being Indian-like in most of his ways, caused him to be known as the "Old Injun."


Stephen Bowyer, a Virginian, came here in 1798 or 1799, and settled on Section 16.


Before 1800, James McCready settled on the farm, which is still in the family name, in Section 14. About the same time, James Ross settled in the central part of Section 20.


John Bigham came about 1798, and settled in the central part of Section 35; he was from Ireland.


John Briney settled on the forfeiture of Section 6, which passed into the hands of John Randall, who came shortly after 1800, and was quite a prominent man in his day.


Sam. Bouseman settled the forfeiture of Section 5, which is now known as the Harper farm. The forfeiture of Section 33 was settled by a man named Powell.


Three brothers by the name of Clark-John, Elisha and Brazilla-located in the eastern part of the township in the early part of the century. John was a local preacher of some prominence, and is the ancestor of the Clarks now in the township. The other two lived but a short time in the community.


John Meeks, about 1797, lived for a short time on the Crawford farm near Union. Maj. William Mason emigrated to Ohio about the year 1795; at an early day he was made Major in the Ohio militia, and served in Harmar's cam- paign against the Indians; also in the war of 1812. Upon his arrival in the township, he purchased a section of land upon which he settled, and, in time, laid out the village of Palmyra. He raised a family of four children, all of whom married and remained in the township.


One of the most prominent men of the northern part of the township was Judge J. D. Lowe, who came to this community about 1800; he was an Asso- ciate Judge from 1803 to 1824; he speculated much in land and became the


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owner of several large tracts; he gave a lot for the Unity Church and grave- yard; he located on the hill east of Students' Hall, where he kept an important stopping-place for travelers and where a post office was soon stationed. His family consisted of six children, and, when they became grown, he removed with them to Dayton, where some of them have been quite prominent in the legal profession, and one has been Governor of Iowa.


Joseph Scofield was among the settlers about 1800, who located south of Mason. A man by the name of Keelor settled the extreme southwestern section of the township, which is now known as the Morrison farm.


Among others who owned lands in the early part of this century, and have no descendants now in the township, were Ralph Phillips, John Gano, Jedediah Tingle, Benjamin Scudder, Benjamin Stites, John Shaw, Patrick Shaw, Ralph Hunt, David Flynn, John Cain, Piercy Kitchel, Garrett Peterson, John How- ard, Luther Ball, David Enyart, John Glass, James Fugate, Henry Houk, Jede- diah Hewett, John Trimble, Dick Compton, H. Cole, Dr. Cazad, William Ken- dall.


John Seward, the father of Mason Seward, a prominent man of Mason for many years, emigrated here in the first decade of the century and located just east of town.


The Cline family came from Pennsylvania a short time after 1800 and settled on Section 22. To Frederick Cline, who is still living, we are much in- debted for valuable information.


The Dodds family first settled north of Lebanon, but came to this town- ship in 1808, and located south of Mason on the Jos. Dodds farm. Benjamin Dodds, the father, was a man of energy, and raised a family consisting of eleven children, most of whom remained in the township and became the heads of large families.


The Wikoff family came from New Jersey in 1810, and settled on the Coulson farm southwest of Mason.


The Voorhis family first settled west of Lebanon on the Snook farm. Of the children that became grown, Alfred located on the old Schenck farm, which he still owns.


The William Coulson family came from Pennsylvania to this township in 1811, and settled on the farm north of Mason, which is still in the family. Mr. Coulson was quite a prominent man during his years of activity; his family was large, most of whom remained in the township.


James Johnson came about the year 1806, and settled on Section 18; his family consisted of eleven children, most of whom arrived at the age of ma- turity.


In 1816, a family of eight orphans, by the name of Dill, came from New York and settled on Section 17, where the John Hoff farm now is.


The Thompson family came some time in the decade of 1820, and located in the neighborhood of Socialville.


John Randall settled early on a farm west of Mason. For many years he was the Treasurer of the county, being regarded by all as a man of honesty and integrity.


Some other early families can be named, as David Slayback, Morrison, Baxter, Hageman, Irwin, Monfort, Rynearson, Voorhees, White, Scott, Bercaw, Baysore. Van Horn, Argendine, Hoff, McClung, Bursk, Bennett, Vandyke and Smith, who came at a later day and are at present well represented in the township.


TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS.


Deerfield was one of the four original townships into which the county was divided, May 10. 1803. As originally organized, it included more than one-


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HISTORY OF WARREN COUNTY.


half of Turtle Creek, all of Union and all of Salem north of the Little Miami, together with its present territory. Its position is in the extreme southwestern part of the county. The township embraces 20,566 acres, or a little over thirty-two sections. It includes part of Townships 3 and 4, of Ranges 2 and 3 north. The first township seat was at Deerfield, and the first election was held at David Sutton's house, June 7, 1803. Mason, formerly known as Palmyra. has been the township seat since 1815. The first election at Palmyra was held at the house of James Fugate.


JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.


From imperfect early records, we find that Moses Kitchel, Andrew Lytle and David Fox were the first on the list of the Justices of the Peace. After- ward were L. D. Leonard, Joseph Scofield and James L. Kitchel. After this they were elected as follows:


Andrew Lytle, elected 1808, continued until 1814; Stephen Bowyer, elected in 1808, resigned in 1810; Garrett Peterson, elected in 1810, contin- ued till 1816; Piercy Kitchel, elected in 1811, continued till 1817; Abram Van Fleet, elected in 1814, continued till 1817; William Coulson, elected in 1816, continued till 1828; John Lowe, elected in 1817, continued till 1824; James Fugate, elected in 1817, continued till 1820; Stephen Bowyer, elected in 1820, continued till 1823; Henry Houk, elected in 1823, contin- ued till 1835; Alex Dill, elected in 1824, continued till 1827; David Slay- back, elected in 1827. continued till 1830; William Kirkwood, elected in 1828, continued till 1831; Abraham Phillips, elected in 1830, continued till 1845; Mason Seward, elected in 1831, continued till 1837; George G. Murphy, elected in 1835, continued till 1837; John A. Dodds, elected in 1837, continued till 1846; James Baxter, elected in 1837, continued till 1859; John Morrow, elected in 1845, continued till 1848; William Miller, elected in 1846, continued till 1852; P. W. Wikoff, elected in 1848, continued till 1851; Mason Seward. elected in 1851, continued till 1854; Milton Coulson, elected in 1852, continued till 1864; Thomas Crawford, elected in 1854, continued till 1857; D. W. Van- dyke, elected in 1857, continued till 1860; James R. Kendall, elected in 1859, continued till 1862; D. W. Baxter, elected in 1860, continued till 1866; R. H. Bennett, elected in 1862, continued till 1865; D. W. Vandyke, elected in 1864, continued till 1879; Reading Doty, elected in 1865, continued till 1868; T. J. Blackburn, elected in 1866, continued till 1869; John Haines, elected in 1868, continued till 1872; R. H. Bennett, elected in 1869, and still continues: P. C. Byrne, elected in 1872, continued till 1878; T. J. Blackburn. elected in 1878, continued till 1881; J. H. Vallandigham, elected in 1879, and still continues; Darius Ross, elected in 1881, and still continues.




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