USA > Oklahoma > A standard history of Oklahoma; an authentic narrative of its development from the date of the first European exploration down to the present time, including accounts of the Indian tribes, both civilized and wild, of the cattle range, of the land openings and the achievements of the most recent period, Vol. I > Part 5
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Sherman, Harry H., 942, 1040
Sherman, Joe, 936 Sherman, J. R., 933
Sherman, Roger S., 1269
Sherman, William T., 397, 452, 478 Shertzer, C. P., 1774
Shertzer, John, 1774
Shinn, Preston A., 2065
Shinn, Thomas J., 1290
Shirk, John H., 1046
Shoemake, Ceph, 1102
Shotwell, Elijah B., 1853
Shriver, Dias A., 1178
Shumard, George G., 46
Sibley, George C., 45, 82
Sibley, George C. (portrait), 44 Sibley, John, 28
Sill, Joshua, 420 Simpson, James H., 215 Simpson, John A., 946 Simmons, J. H., 936
Simons, Percy C., 913 Sinclair, Earl W., 2089
Sinclair, Harry F., 1075
Single statehood, 756
Single statehood bills, 742
Single statehood resolutions of the Oklahoma City Commercial . Club, 743 Sioux, 544 Sitton, Henry W., 2155
Sixth Territorial Legislature, 920
Skeen, Cicero A., 933, 997
Skelley, John, 1964
Skelton, L. Sherman, 1678
"Sketches of the Cattle Trade in the West and Southwest, '' 371 Skullaville, 164, 186
Skullaville constitution, 210
Slaughter, C. C., 370
Slaughter, Rufus L., 2049
Sloan, James W., 977
Sloat, William H., 1600
Slover, Benjamin W., 1667
Slover, John T., 1190
Smelser, Joseph, 915
Smiley, Thomas E., 966
Smith, A. C., 1987
Smith, Alva E., 405, 1665
Smith, Andrew H., 1983
Smith, Andrew J., 1693
Smith, Bert, 2098 Smith, Claude, 1475
Smith, Claude T., 2007
Smith, David L., 933
Smith, D. M., 930, 934
Smith, Edward P., 487, 541
Smith, Edmund K., 316
Smith, E. Kirby, 232, 316, 332; 334 Smith, George A., 1025 Smith, George W., 506, 940
Smith, Halbert A., 1227
Smith, Harvey H., 944, 1739
Smith, Herbert E., 1790
Smith, Horace A., 1840
Smith, Howell, 933, 935, 942
Smith, H. J., 1105 Smith, Ira T., 1924
Smith, James H., 1606
Smith, James L., 915
Smith, James M. C., 377
Smith, James W., 1590
Smith, Joe, 935, 937
Smith, John, 1657 Smith, John H., 919
Smith, John L., 1322
Smith, Joseph W., 933
Smith, J. C., 945
Smith,. J. Everett, 1611
·
xlviii
INDEX
Smith, J. Q., 541 Smith, J. W., 935
Smith, Lee B., 933, 935
Smith, Philip, 165 Smith, R. Earle, 1728 Smith, Rev. John, 1670
Smith, Ralph V., 1072
Smith, Richard E., 1112
Smith, Sara C., 2191 Smith, S. J., 940, 1549
Smith, Sterling P., 1784
Smith, W. A., 2190
Smith, W. G., 933
Smith, W. M., 917
Smythe, Albert B., 1247
Smythe, Harry C., 1248
Sneed, George L., 1380
Sneed, Incian B., 2032
Stanion, Ralph P., 2172
Stanley, David S., 219
Stanley, Grant, 1162
Stanley, Henry M., 397, 398
Stanley, James M., 246
Stanley, M. L., 692, 916
Stanley, William E., 792
Stapp, Everett A., 1750
Starr, Emmet, 1284
Starr, Ezekiel, 159
Starr, Samuel J., Jr., 1582
State auditors, 928
State Board of Education, 867
State Capital, 642
State government, 861
State flag of Oklahoma, 912
State officers, 928
State of Neosho, 213
State treasurers, 928
Statehood bill, 762
Statehood agitation, 680, 682, 687, 741, 765, 824
Statehood Executive Committee. 675
Stateler, Learner B., 184
Staton, S. R., 2065
Staughen, Horace E., 714
Steamer J. R. Williams, 325
Steamboats, 628
Stearns, F. P., 1846
Steele, Frederick, 321
Steele, George W., 653, 654, 663, 669, 912
Steele, James, 362
Steele, William, 305, 309
Steen, James W., 940, 2053
Stephens, John H., '742
Stephens, John T., 1216
Stephens, Joseph M., 1599
Stephens, S. S., 624, 625 Stettmund, H. G., 933
Stevens, Frank, 933
Stevens, Os M., 2183
Stevens, Robert S., 436
Stevens, W. C., 919, 920, 1230
Stewart, Albert F., 963 Stewart, B. F., 1799
Springer, William M., 601, 648, 914 Springs (Leslie 's reproduction), 312
Sproat, S. Grimes, 921
Spurgeon, Thomas F., 1997
Spurrier, John R., 2077
Stack, Guy W., 1793
Stafford, Roy E., 930, 934
Stagner, George H., 933
Standing, Alfred J., 489
Standing Bear, 545
Standing in line to register at El Reno (view), 731 Standley, J. S., 675, 807, 818
Sneed, Richard A., 1013
Snelson, A. J., 933
Snider, Charles D., 1283
Sniggs, August T., 921
Snoddy, Erskine W., 1168
Snow, Wylie, 1595
Snyder, Ira E., 1976
Social conditions, 619
Soderstrom, Eben, 2139
Sod house in Western Oklahoma
(view), 718 Soldani, S. J., 930, 934 "Sooners, "' 632
Sorrells, E. T., 924, 930, 934, 937, 941
Souter, Lewis D., 1835
Southern Arapahoes, 546
Southern Cherokees, 360, 377, 378, 457
Sonthern Cheyennes, 546, 551, 556
Southern Kansas Railway Company, 627
Southern Overland Mail Company, 222
Southern Seminoles, 374
Southgate, Thomas F., 1723
South McAlester, 650, 755, 904
Southwestern State Normal, 874
Spahr, Mont Z., 1875
Spanish-American war, 821
Sparks, Daniel P., 1933
Sparks, Richard, 217
Speck, Robert H., 1706
Speck, William M., 1801
Speed, Horace, 653, 675, 1288
Speer, James P., 1227 Speight, John W., 305 Spencer Academy, 196
Spencer, A. N., 917
Spencer, E. H., 917
Spencer, Lewis M., 1977
Spengler, J. L., 943
Spiechee (Isparhechar), 553 Spikes, William L., 1391 Spivy, John A., 1273 Spooner, Berta K., 1820 Spooner, Horace N., Jr., 1820
Spriggs, Claude P., 1661 Spring, Joel, 1806 Springer, Franklin J., 1972 Springer bill, 607
INDEX
xlix
Stewart, George W., 1704 Stewart, James C., 1763
Stewart, W. P., 934, 937 Stidham, G. W., 465 Stillwater, 649, 890 Stilwell, Arthur E., 789 Stilwell, R. F., 944 Stine, G. S., 917 Stine, James A., 1336 Stinson, L. Varner, 1403
Stivers, J. E., 933
Talley, William N., 1670
Stobaugh, F. B., 1077
Stockton, T. H., 940
Stogner, James M., 1247
Stokes, Montfort, 102, 122, 145, 157
Stone Calf, 480, 509
Stone, George B., 1365
Stone, W. B., 916, 933
Stone, John F., 821
Storms, Charles S., 1284
Stotts, John F., 2035
Stovall, James M., 915, 916, 918 Stowe, Frank J., 924, 926, 1984
Strain, J. H., 934
Strang, Jeremiah C., 913, 1919
Street, William D., 509, 521
Stroud, J. W., 1859
Taylor, Lucy H., 153
Strout, Fred W., 613 Strouvelle, Charles E., 1205
Stuart, Charles B., 914, 961
Stuart, George H., 479
Stuart, William A., 1743
Stubbs, Mahlon,-503
Stull, Arthur A., 937
Sturgis, Henry J., 2060
Sturgis, Samuel D., 232, 277
Suggs, Sidney, 2182
Sullivan, Ernest, 1629 Sullivan, J. J., 937
Sullivan, W. L., 918
Sully, Alfred, 404, 410 Sulphur Springs Reservation, 774 Sulzbacher, Louis, 914 Sumner, Edwin V., 122, 595 Sunset County, 601 Superintendents of public instruction, 928
Surveys, 214 Sutherlin, James H., 942, 945, 1398
Sutton, Fred E., 1063
Sutton, George W., 917, 2148
Svegabert, Daisy U., 873
Swartout, Charles B., 2063
Swarts, J. W., 923, 926 Swartz, Peter W., 1302
Sweeney, Edward, 1125
Swengel, Edward, 933, 2158
Swindall, Charles, 1906
Sykes, James H., 1041 Synnott, William, 1200
Taaffe, Francis D., 1648 Tabinanaka, 505
Tabor, William, 933, 940 Taft, William H., 766, 856
Tahchee (Captain Dutch), 134 Tahlequah, 225 Tahlequah Council, 246 Talbot, Demetrius W., 915
Talbott, N. M., 184 Taliaferro, Charles F., 2128
Talley, Alexander, 153
Talley, Haskell B., 1163
Tarkenton, Luther W., 1602
Tarsney, John C., 913
Task, J. B., 923
Tate, M. H., 924, 937
Tatum, Lawrie, 454, 455, 488
Tawakaros, 146 Taylor, Baxter, 1079
Taylor, Charles A., 928
Taylor, Ezekiel E., 1707
Taylor, Harry R., 1685
Taylor, L. K., 930, 934
Taylor, Nathaniel G., 397, 403, 451 Taylor, Richard, 162 Taylor, Roy Z., 1486
Taylor, Tom G., 943, 946, 1115
Taylor, Wesley, 715, 927
Taylor, William, 2014
Taylor, William M., 1327
Tayrien, Cyprian, 1624
Tayrien, Emma, 1625
Tecumseh, 66, 67
Telee, Houston B., 942
Telephone, 628 Telle, Alinton R., 993
Teller, Henry M., 581
Templeton, C. K., 2121
Tenor, H. O., 923, 926, 944
Terral, J. E., 935
Terrill, Ira N., 915 Territorial Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, 704 Territorial Asylum for the Insane, 704
Territorial attorney generals, 913
Territorial 912
congressional delegates,
Territorial congressmen, 914
Territorial Courts, 983 Territorial Federal judges, 914
Territorial governors, 912
Territorial Industrial Schools for
Girls, 704 Territorial justices of the Supreme Court, 913 Territorial Legislature, 891 Territorial Normal School, 705, 708 Territorial officers, 897, 912
Talman, Emmet L., 1229
Tandy, J. F., 933 Tankersley, B. B., 917
Tappan, Samuel F., 397
1
INDEX
Territorial organizations (1854), 212 Territorial Penitentiary, 704
Territorial Reform School for Boys, 704 Territorial secretaries, 912
Territorial superintendents of public instruction, 913
Territorial treasurers, 913
Territorial U. S. senators, 914
Territorial University, 705
Territory of Indianola, 681
Terry, Alfred H., 397, 479
Testerman, E. T., 940, 943, 947
Texas Cession, 207
Texas Cherokees, 134
Thacker, Charles F., 914, 929
Thacker, Charles M., 919, 1035
Thacker, John R., 1967
Thayer, John M., 319, 326, 331, 332
Thayer, Warren L., 1903 "The Cherokee Nation of Indians," 101 "The Dragoon Campaign," 126 The Race for Claims (view), 721 "The Undeveloped West," 467, 469, 472
Third Indian Home Guards, 301
Third State Legislature, 937
Third Territorial Legislature, 916
Thirty-fifth Parallel Road, 435
Thoburn, Joseph B., 760, 2192
Thomas, George H., 235, 240
Thomas, Houston A., 919, 920
Thomas, J. Elmer, 934, 937, 941, 945, 1232
Thomas, John R., 914
Thomas, Robert B., 1780
Thomas, Robert N., 2006
Thomas, Roscoe C., 1787
Thomas, Tullie, 1479
Thomas, W. H., 111
Thomes, C. H., 943
Thompson, Frank M., 913
Thompson, Henry Y., 1591
Thompson, James P., 1836
Thompson, J. B., 914, 937, 941
Thompson, J. N., 1610
Thompson, Johnson, 613
Thompson, Milton, 2078 Thompson, R. J., 942
Thompson, William J., 1582
Thompson, William P., 1424
Thomson, Herbert E., 1541
Thornton, Charlie E., 1891
Thrash, J. M., 940
Threadgill, John, 921, 927, 1149 Threlkeld, Catherine, 1443 Thrift, J. E., 1460
Throckmorton, James W., 333, 334
Thurman, F. E., 2004
Thurman, Harold C., 1443 Thurmond, Oscar H., 1768
Thurmond, James A., 945, 1361 Tidmore, John, 1207 Tiernay & -Walker, 1882 Tiernay, Frank G., 1882 Tilghman, William, 937, 962 Tillman, Benjamin R., 760 Tillman, John W., 1829 Tillotson, J. A., 935, 935 Tilly, William T., 1471 Tilton, W. B., 2011
Tims, Joseph B., 1797 Tims, Nancy J., 1797 Tingley, Clarence H., 1402
Tinker, George E., 1948 Tisdal, Victor C., 1706
Tittle, Marion R., 1567
Tobey, E. S., 479
Todd, Alice, 2125 Todd, H. A., 917 Todd, J. F., 920
Todd, Jasper N., 2124
Tolbert, James R., 1681
Tonkawa Indian Reservation, 774
Tonkawas, 233, 303
Tooker, Leroy B., 1983
Tooley, A. W., 937, 940
Tope, C. E., 2090
Topography, 3
Tosh, J. B., 926
Torrey, Charles C., 192, 193, 258
Torrey, John P., 1480
Tousley, J. C., 918
Towakonies, 385
Towakonys, 233
Townsend, Hosea, 914
Townsend, James H., 1966
Townsite commissions, 800
Townsites, 811
Towson, Nathan, 52
Tracy, F. C., 922, 926 Trails, 214
Trapp, Martin E., 928, 1215
Trapp, William H., 1156 Trautwein, Moses C., 1692
Travis, O. H., 692
Treadway, H., 946, 1554 Tredway, George M., 1962
Treaty of Doaksville, 209
Treaty (Ridge) party, 157
Tribal courts abolished, 806
Tribal governments to continue for eight years, 816 Trice, George A., 1518
Tritt, Edward G., 915
Trosper, Hugh G., 915
Trout, John R., 1292
Trout, S. G., 1292
Trumbly, Julian, 2090
Trumbo, Arthur C., 1047
Trumbo, Charles E., 1499
Tilton, Winfield S., 426
Timmons, Samuel C., 1151
1
INDEX
li
Truscott, Thomas I., 1884 Tsali (Charley), 111 Tucker, Charles, 389
Tucker, Eben, 153, 200
Tucker, Fred E., 941, 945
Van Camp, Cornelius, 231
Vandaveer, J., 933
Vanden Hende, John, 1656
Vandeventer, A. F., 933, 937, 942
Vandever, William A., 1048
Van Dorn, Earl, 226, 230, 232, 280, 298
Turkey, Dutch W., 1436
Turnbull, Walter J., 1374
Van Horn, Robert T., 462
Turner, Archibald W., 2086
VanKirk, D. H., 919, 930
Turner, Clarence W., 1474
Vann, C. N., 328
Turner, H. G., 926
Vann, David, 162
Turner, John B., 929
Vann, David W., 1876
Turner, M., 933, 936
Vann, James S., 205
Vann, J. H., 1877
Vann, John, 328
Vann, Joseph, 252
Vann, Wade H., 1722
Vann, William, 1876
Vannest, Charles G., 1878
Van Rechen, A. Hubert, 1779
Van Sandt, Guy B., 1790
Van Winkle, R. E. Lee, 1387
Varner, Terrie T., 1257
Vaughan, Champion, 318
Vaughn, Charles A., 1474
Vaughn, Thomas H., 1573
Vaught, Edgar S., 1146
Veach, Andrew Allen, 943
Veasey, James A., 1271
Vegetables, 837 Vickers, George W., 918 View in Guthrie Two Days After the Opening (view), 633
Vigg, Sandor J., 1501
Vigilance Committee, 346
Vinal, Job P., 61
Vinita, 435, 581, 625
Vogle, H. D., .940
Vogle, Henry L., 937
Vore, Israel G., 248
Vosburg, E. G., 940, 944
Wacoes, 233, 385
Waddill, Robert D., 1261
Wade, Alfred, 375
Wade, J. S., 917
Waggoner, Thomas R., 915, 916
Wagner, Birt A., 1854
Wagoner, Andrew L., 1714 Wagoner, Fred L., 921
Waidley, Reid W., 1320
Wails, J. C., 919 Waite, S. A., 917 Waiting in Line South of Perry (view), 725 Walden, A. M., 946 Waldrep, Thomas C., 947, 1450
-
Tye, James C., 1786
Tyler, Albert H., 1348
Tyler, H. F., 1102
Tyler, James W., 2064 Tyler, Stanley C., 1938
Umholtz, T. H., 873 Unappropriated lands, 534, 567, 582, 605
Unassigned district, 609
Unassigned Lands, 529, 530
Underwood, James A., 1516
Union Pacific Railroad Company, 432
Union Pacific Railway, 521
Union Pacific Railway Company, 429 United Foreign Missionary Society, 61, 147
United States commissioners, 910 United States Court (Indian Terri- tory ), 831 United States courts, 815
United States jail at Fort Smith (view), 621 United States Officers, 897 University of Oklahoma, 670, 774, 874, 877 University Preparatory School, 774, 874
Unoccupied lands, 604 Updegraff, A. D., 931 Updegraff, Alva G., 921 Updegraft, A. D., 934 Upham, H., 198 Upper Creeks, 460 Upshaw, T. M., 674
Usher, John P., 342 Utterback, Harvey, 933, 937 Utterback, James A., 2020
Tucker, Frederick E., 1062
Tucker, G. M., 923,
Tucker, J. F., 935
Tucker, Pinckney W., 1257 Tulsa, 625 Turk, N. G., 924
Van Dyke, Benjamin F., 1931
Turner, William D., 1676
Tuskahoma Female Seminary, 808
Tustenuggee, Halek, 177, 288, 295 Tuttle, Joseph K., 922
Tuttle, S., 536
Twyford, Charles F., 2005
Twyford, James S., 1169
Twyford, Lucy, 873
Turner, M. L., 913
lii
INDEX
Walker, Arthur L., 1493
Walker, Delos, 886
Webb, James W., 1815
Walker, F. E., 1631
Webb, M. L., 940
Walker, Harry, 2120
Webb, Trudo J., 1958
Walker, Lafayette, 1652
Webbers Falls, 164, 254
Walker, Mabel, 1882
Webber, Charles D., 2144
Walker, W. N., 927
Webber, Walter, 69
Walker, Tandy, 320, 322, 441
Weber, Albert A., 1894
Walker, Tandy (portrait), 321
Weber, Clarence, 1650
Walker, Tandy C., 447
Weber, Howard, 1813
Walker, T. H., 162
Webster, George T., 921
Walker, William H., 1526
Webster, Marion M., 1754
Wallace, Bob, 936
Weer, William, 297, 318
Wallace, David J., 916
Weicker, Ambrose C., 1131 Weiselogel, James A., 2191
Welch, A. L., 929
Wallace, William J., 1287
Welch, Charles A., 1778
Wallace, William M., 1156
Welch, Sylvester H., 983
Walling, R. H., 917
Welch, Thos. J., 945
Walton, Lee A., 1604
Wells, Frank, 746
Wamsley, Grover C., 1459
Wantland, L. C., 530, 532
Wapanucka Institute, 196
Welty, D. B., 943
Osages, 67
Ward, Henry, 937
Ward, N. H., 692
Wardell, Morris L., 2128
Ware, Milton C., 2138
Warner, E. J., 941
Warren, Abel, 165, 166
Warren, Abel (portrait), 166
Warren, F. L., 938
Warren, Frank, 934
Warren's trading post, 165
Washburn, Cephas, 148
Washington, Edward M., 2173
Washington, George, 320, 321, 481
Washita campaign, 408
Washita county, 718
Watchorn, Henry M., 1517
Waterman, William W., 1542
Waters, George A., 941, 944
Wheeler Park, 578
Wheeler, William W., 1527 Wheelis, James B., 1303
Wheelock Female Seminary, 196
Wheelock Orphan Seminary, 808
Wheelock, T. B., 126
Whinery, Robert C., 1978
Whipple, Amiel W., 219 White, C. O., 2172
White, H. P., 1697
Watson, Frank M., 1931
Wattles, Stephen H., 319
Watton, Harry C., 1744
Watts, Dillard, 1897
Watts, Thomas J., 1502
Weaber, George, 1545
Weaver, Carlton, 924, 926
Weaver, Claud, 914
Weaver, James B., 607, 639, 718
Weaver, William J., 97, 165, 169, 175, 254
Wemyss-Smith, S., 1537 Wenner, Fred L., 1939 West, Charles, 2182
West, Charles J., 928
Westgate, C. H., 1957
West, Robert E., 1181
Western Cherokee (old settler) party, 158, 456
Western Cherokees, 95, 115, 133, 134, 142, 147, 157, 159
Wharton, James O., 1490
Whayne, John R., 936
Wheeler district, 839
Wheeler, Elmer C., 1902
Wheeler, Mrs. E. C., 1528
Wheeler, Frank M., 2152
Wheeler, H. M., 1340
Wheeler, John F., 99
Wheeler, Joseph, 681
Watie, Stand, 104, 132, 161, 163, 284, 306, 317, 320, 324, 326, 336, 378 Watie, Stand (portrait), 323
Watkins, Ben, 1228
Watkins, Waldo E., 1229
Watkins, William H., 1669
Watrous, Eugene, 933, 937, 940, 941, 944
Watson, Andrew P., 929, 965
White, J. Hutchings, 1050
White, J. W., 1918
White, Lyman W., 936
White, Lynn G., 1525
White, Myron, 1225
White, Nelson P. H., 1729
White, Patrick J., 1283 White, Thomas, 1174
White, W. Julius, 1023
Whitehurst, George C., 933 Whiteman, William J., 2161
Wallace, H. C., 1992
Wallace, J. W., 613, 614
Wells-Fargo Express Company, 223
Welsh, William, 479
War between the Cherokees and
Webb, G. O., 1666
liii
INDEX
Whitenton, Joseph E., 1923 White Turkey, Dutch, 1436 Whitlow, Cleveland S., 978 Whitman, Lloyd E., 1653 Whitman, S. F., 940, 944 Whitson, Thomas C., 933, 936 Whittlesey, Eliphalet, 553 Wichita, 568 Wichita-Caddo agreement, 727 Wichita-Caddo Indian reservation, 778, 832
Wilson, Charles E., 152
Wilson, Charles H., 982
Wilson, Charles L., 1393 Wilson, Charles W., 1860 Wilson, George, 2108
Wilson, George E., 944, 1459
Wilson, G. L. 936
Wilson, Herbert P., 1343
Wilson, Ollie S., 1489
Wilson, Raphael F., 1218
Wichita peace council, 362
Wichitas, 124, 145, 287, 385
Widener, James, 2110
Wilcoxson, William A., 1433
Wimberley, John A., 2006
Wilder, Lew, 1603
Wimberly, John H., 915, 916 Winborn, L. H., 2123
Wiley, A. S., 923
Winkler, Felix L., 919, 920, 921, 927
Wilhelm, Patrick E., 998
Winn, Harvey R., 1738
Wilhite, Logan A., 1921
Winn, U. G., 1124
Wilkerson, Richard, 1909
Winter, Philip E., 1175
Wilkes, T. C., 947
Wisby, Joseph, 694
Wilkes, T. G., 1479
Wisdom, Dew M., 1449
Wilkin, James, 919, 920, 921
Wisdom, J. F., 1449
Wilkinson, James B., 44
Wismeyer, L. A., 2044
Wilkinson, William D., 1519
Wistar, Thomas, 351
Wilkonson, Arthur O., 1543
Witten, W. W., 1752
Williams, Alexander S., 1167
Wofford, James D., 205
Williams, A. S., 807 Williams, Ben F., 1883
Woman's Heart, 500 Wood, C. E., 927
Williams, Ben T., 933, 936
Williams, Boone, 924, 926
Wood, E. B., 2172
Williams, Charles, 1851
Wood, George, 922
Williams, Charles A., 1084
Wood, George W., 926, 1396
Williams, Charles L., 1627
Wood, James I., 955
Williams, Collins C., 1073
Wood, J. I., 924, 926
Williams, Edward R., 922
Wood, Moses E., 2025
Williams, E. R., 926
Wood, Robert E., 920
Williams, Herbert W., 921
Wood, Virgil A., 919, 1975
Williams, James, 447
Woodard, Fordyce G., 1390
Williams, James J., 1673
Woodard, Fred B., 1313
Williams, J. J., 931, 933, 937
Woodhull, Z. T., 506
Williams, J. M., 329
Woodmansee, T. J., 918
Williams, John R., 1047
Williams, J. Roy, 933, 940, 942
Williams, Loring S., 150
Williams, P. R., 1965
Woods, Charles H., 1042
Woods, Columbus L., 1267
Woods, J. H., 675
Woods, William H., 1522
Woodson, Benjamin D., 1908
Woodson, Benjamin N., 927, 1137
Woodson, D. S., 940
Woodward county, 722
Woodward, W. G., 944
Woofter, John S., 1454
Wool, John E., 108 Wooldridge, Bart M., 1835
Woolley, James, 966
Woolsey, James P., 920, 921
Worcester, Samuel A., 99, 149, 188 Wortman, C. S., 936
Willis, Thomas E., 918, 2141
Willis, Thomas L., 1633 Wills, D. P., 926 Wilson, Alfred M., 727
Wilson, Ben F., 918, 933, 936, 941, 945 Wilson, Charles B., Jr., 1954
Woodring, George F., 1487 Woodruff, I. C., 221 Woods county, 722
Williams, Robert L., 845, 924, 926, 928, 929, 2182
Williams, Robert L. (portrait), 871
Williams, T. O., 940
Williams, W. B., 944 Williamson, J. C., 920
Williamson, Sam H., 1539
Willie Halsell College, 875
Willis, D. P., 923
Wilson, Robert H., 877, 928, 1106
Wilson, Walter R., 1934
Wilson, William W., 1814
Wilson, Woodrow, 870
Wildman, Roy T., 1648
Wolf Warrior, 828
liv
INDEX
Wortman, Thomas B., 933 Wray, Robert T., 2117
Wright, Alfred, 150
Wright, Allen, 375, 382, 384, 625, 1339
Wright, Allen (portrait), 381
Wright, Eliphalet N., 1170
Wright, Fred C., 2002
Wright, Gabriel N., 1118
Wright, Harper, 1833
Wynkoop, Edward W., 393, 398, 403, 404, 415 Wynne, R. P., 931, 934, 938
Yarbrough, James, 1562
Yeager, P. J., 931, 934
Yellow Bear, 419, 421
Yellow Hair (Custer), 424
Yoakum, H., 137
Wright, J. H., 940, 943
Yoakum, W. Thomas, 1401
Wright, John H., 947
Young, Andrew M., 1194
Wright, James G., 2179
Young, Edward R., 1749
Wright, Lucien B., 1577
Young, George W., 990
Wright, Phineas F., 2002
Young, James A., 947, 1799
Wright, Robert M., 493, 517, 523
Young, James A., 1187
Wrightsman, C. J., 916
Wyand, Clyde H., 1619
Wyand, J. E., 943
Young, William C., 280
Wyandottes, 386
Zabloudil, J., 946
Zevely, James W., 1485
Zimmerman, Warren, 2095
Wybrant, Oscar C., 1939 Wykoff, Frank J., 675
Wyly, A. S., 926
Young, John M., 845
Wyatt, Frank S., 976
Wyatt, T. C., 923, 926
Zinc, 840 Zink, George L., 1696
1
INTRODUCTORY
HISTORY OF OKLAHOMA
CHAPTER I
CLIMATE, SOIL, VEGETATION AND ANIMAL LIFE
Oklahoma, which is more or less frequently referred to as one of the so-called "Middle West" states, might with more propriety be termed one of the midland states of the American Union, since it is just about equidistant from the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west and is also hundreds of miles distant from the northern and southern frontiers. "The West" of forty to seventy years ago, like "the frontier" which fringed the more recent set- tlements of that period is no more. The true "west" of today is the Pacific slope region, so the so-called "middle west" is a mis- nomer. Oklahoma should therefore be classed as a midland state.
In its extreme longitudinal extent, Oklahoma reaches from 94° 29' to 103º of west longitude, while its latitude extends from 33º 38' to 37° at the point of its greatest width. The altitude of Okla- homa varies from 325 feet above the sea level in the valley of the Red River in the extreme southeastern part of the state to approxi- mately 5,000 feet above the sea level on the top of the Black Mesa, in the extreme western part of the state. The mean or average elevation of the state is about 1,300 feet above the sea level. Its area is 70,057 square miles.
TOPOGRAPHY
Oklahoma lies entirely within the drainage areas of two of the principal tributaries of the Mississippi River, namely, the Arkansas and Red rivers. As the seaward slope of the greater part of the state is in a southeasterly direction, the courses of most of its princi- pal streams generally flow in that direction also. Because of its va- riation in altitude, geological structure, rock formations and varied soils its topography is also rich in variety. The Arkansas River,
3
4
HISTORY OF OKLAHOMA
with its tributary system, drains nearly if not quite two-thirds of the area of the state. This river has its source in the Rocky Moun- tains of Colorado and two of its tributaries (the Cimarron and the Canadian), as also one subtributary (the North Canadian), have their sources in the mountains of New Mexico. The Red River, which has its source in the high plains of the Texas panhandle re- gion, and which forms the southern boundary of the state east of the 100th Meridian, drains all of the southern part of the state.
There are four groups of mountains in the eastern and southern parts of the state, namely, the Ozark uplift which extends into the state from the northwestern part of Arkansas, the Ouachita uplift, which is an extension of the mountain system of Southwestern Arkansas, the Arbuckle Mountains in the south central part of the state and the Wichita Mountains in the southwestern section. In addition to the foregoing, the region embracing the valley of the . Cimarron River, in the northwestern part of Cimarron County is semi-mountainous, the Black Mesa (which is a lava formation) being in reality one of the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.
The rock formations which are exposed on the surface include those commonly known as limestone, sandstone, granite, gypsum and shale, each of which occurs in several varieties and in different parts of the state. The erosion and decomposition of these primary rocks, singly and in combination, has resulted in the formation of a great variety of soils. In addition to these primary soils, pure and mixed, which are numerous in variety when classified as to com- position, mechanical properties and adaptability to the support of plant life, there should be mentioned especially the alluvial or waterwashed soils of the valleys and the aeolian deposits or wind- blown soils of the uplands, both of which are of importance from an agricultural point of view.
CLIMATE
The climate of Oklahoma is temperate though it is subject to some extreme variations. The rainfall decreases generally and gradually as the altitude above the sea level increases. The average annual rainfall in the extreme southeastern part of the state is about forty-three inches. At Oklahoma City, in the central part of the state, the average annual precipitation amounts to about thirty- two inches. In the western part of Cimarron County the average annual rainfall is probably not much if any more than half what it is at Oklahoma City. There is a variation in the mean annual
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HISTORY OF OKLAHOMA
temperature which is due to the same differences in altitude above the sea level. Thus, the mean annual temperature at Hugo, in the southeastern part of the state is 62.1º; at Oklahoma City, in the central part of the state, it is 59º and at Kenton, in Cimarron County, it is 55°. The climate of the southeastern portion of the state is more equable and uniform than that of the higher altitudes, having fewer extremes of high and low temperatures than the plains region in central and western parts of the state.
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