USA > Pennsylvania > Cumberland County > Churches of the valley, or, An historical sketch of the old Presbyterian congregations of Cumberland and Franklin counties, in Pennsylvania > Part 1
USA > Pennsylvania > Franklin County > Churches of the valley, or, An historical sketch of the old Presbyterian congregations of Cumberland and Franklin counties, in Pennsylvania > Part 1
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Ge 974.801 C91n 14.25997
M. L
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01179 5637
U
CHURCHES OF THE VALLEY :
OR,
AN HISTORICAL SKETCH
OF
THE OLD PRESBYTERIAN CONGREGATIONS
OF
CUMBERLAND AND FRANKLIN COUNTIES, IN PENNSYLVANIA.
BY THE
REV. ALFRED
NEVIN
OF THE PRESBYTERY OF CARLISLE.
"Walk about Zion, and go round about her : tell the towers thereof. Mark ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces, that ye may tell it to the generation following."-Ps. xlviii. 12, 13.
PHILADELPHIA : JOSEPH M. WILSON, NO. 228 CHESTNUT STREET. 1852.
-
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, BY JOSEPH M. WILSON,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
C. SHERMAN, PRINTER, 19 St. James Street.
60624
1425997
THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED TO THE
PRESBYTERIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
PREFACE.
THE early history of the old Presbyterian Churches of Cumberland Valley is fast growing dim. Many of those in whose memories interesting facts and incidents were treasured, are now dead; and others, to whom they were intrusted by tradition, are rapidly passing away.
That it is desirable to have embodied in an accessible form, the recollections and records connected with the origin and progress of these venerable congregations, none, it is believed, will question, who appreciate the ties which bind them to the past, or the duty which they owe to the future. These churches, are almost the only relics of an- tiquity that are to be met with in our new country, and for this reason, to say nothing of their deep religious associations besides, an effort should be made to save them from oblivion.
From the Presbyterial Records it is evident, that the
A *
vi
PREFACE.
importance of such a measure was felt at an early day. In 1792, each minister was ordered to prepare a history of his own church ; and in 1801, Dr. Cooper was appoint- ed to draw up a short history of the Presbytery of Car- lisle. That historical account, which was prepared ac- cording to injunction, is not now to be found. Neither is the book which contains the proceedings of Presbytery, from the year 1750 to 1759. It was borrowed, we have been told, by a gentleman in Virginia, and, after his death, was sought for in vain.
When, therefore, in connexion with these facts, it is remembered that many of the unwritten reminiscences, from which an ecclesiastical history of this valley must be compiled, are now floating in minds which age must soon enfeeble or death remove out of the body, it cannot but be acknowledged, that the work which we have undertaken, however imperfectly accomplished, has not, at least, been prematurely attempted.
It is unnecessary, perhaps, with the title of the volume in view, to state, that it was not our purpose to prepare a history of the Presbytery to which the congregations re- ferred to, belong. This would have been a pleasing task. For in addition to the facts that this Presbytery, which is one of the oldest in the country, has several times changed its name and territorial limits, and has always occupied a high position, many of the churches which it now includes, though not lying within the boundaries which we have
vii
PREFACE.
affixed to our labour, possess as much interest, are invested with as much importance, and deserve as extended a no- tice, as those whose rise and development we have sketched. We thought it best, however, to confine our effort principally to a more limited field; and the re- collection of this, it is hoped, will prevent any expectation from our present effort, beyond what it legitimately pro- mises.
We have, indeed, given, in a supplemental form, a very brief sketch of other congregations pertaining to the Pres- bytery, besides those which are embraced by the limits of Cumberland and Franklin Counties; but this was done at the suggestion of an esteemed and judicious friend, after the announcement of our plan rendered any material alte- ration of it impracticable ; and will not, it is trusted, either be regarded as inconsistent with our primary intent, or lead to any misapprehension of it.
We are free to say, that our great object in the enter- prise, has been the humble, but grateful one, of placing within the reach of those to whom veneration for departed ancestry, or long association, or present residence, has made Cumberland Valley a region of peculiar interest, such a record of its religious history as we supposed it would gratify them to read, as well as to hand down to their children. Many such there are, still worshipping where their fathers did, and meditating, at times, with deep solemnity over their last resting-place. Many more,
viii
PREFACE.
too, are dwellers in the distant West, where, surrounded . with new scenes, yet bound to old ones by ties that never can be broken, often with tender interest
"Fond memory brings the light Of other days around" them.
To these, we felt assured we could not render a more acceptable service, than furnishing them with a remem- brancer of the old churches with which their earliest re- collections are blended, and of the old graveyards in which many of their dearest friends are buried.
In the preparation of the several sketches, great regard has been had to chronological accuracy, and, as we sup- pose, with about as much success as is attainable. But as the organizations of the old congregations were so nearly synchronous, we have not deemed it important to insert them in the order of time. On the Records of the Presbytery, kindly placed in our hands by the Stated Clerk, we have, of course, mainly relied for information. Several gentlemen also, however, among whom may be mentioned Dr. Moodey, Dr. M'Ginley, Hon. Geo. Cham- bers, Judge Clendenin, Dr. J. K. Davidson, John Cox, and L. H. Williams, Esqrs., have, by important data which they have supplied, brought us under obligations which we gratefully acknowledge. We have, too, been materially aided by Mr. I. D. Rupp's History of Cumber- land and Franklin Counties. Our indebtedness to other sources, is noticed in the proper place.
ix
PREFACE.
We send the volume forth, confident that it is not, in many respects, what it should be, yet hoping that it may in some measure fulfil its design. We do so, likewise, with the assurance, that those who can form any idea of the difficulty of its preparation, growing out of lost and faded records, and the sameness of material to be pre- sented, and the vagueness of traditions to be consulted, will regard it with much more readiness to appreciate any merit it may have, than to condemn the defects from which it does not claim to be free.
ALFRED NEVIN.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
Reasons of the rapid Settlement of Pennsylvania-Extract from Dr. Williamson's " History of North Carolina"-Extract from Dr. Davidson's " History of the Presbyterian Church in Ken- tucky"-The Huguenots who settled in the Province of Penn- sylvania-The Welsh-The Germans-The English Puri- tans from New England-The Presbyterian Church formed out of these various Materials- The First Presbyterian Church that was organized and furnished with a place of worship in the American Colonies-The Constitution of a Synod in 1716-Extent of the Presbytery of New Castle in a Western direction until 1732-Presbytery of Donegal or- ganized in that year-Lancaster County originally embraced all the Territory west of the Susquehanna-First Settlement of the White Man across the "Long, Crooked River"-The Purchase of the Lands west of the Susquehanna by the Pro- prietary of Pennsylvania-The Establishment of Cumber- land and Franklin Counties-Applications by the Settlers to Presbytery to have the Gospel preached among them, . .
13
xii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER II.
MIDDLE SPRING CHURCH.
Origin of the Name-Organization of the Congregation-Names of the First Elders-Extracts from the Session-Book-Rev. Mr. Blair the First Pastor-Rev. Mr. Calls and Rev. Mr. Clarke had previously been supplies-History of the Con- gregation not known from 1750 to 1759-Rev. Robert Cooper becomes Pastor, and continues so until 1797-Dr. Moodey's Letter concerning Dr. Cooper-Inscription on Dr. Cooper's Tomb-Rev. John Moodey is Dr. Cooper's Successor-Notice of the Church-The first Log Building erected for Worship -The second Log Building-Epitaph of John Reynolds, Esq .- Epitaph of Capt. Samuel Kearsley-Erection of the Old Stone Church-Poem written on a Visit to it-Congrega- tion not now as large as formerly-Reasons of the Change,
24
CHAPTER III.
BIG SPRING CHURCH.
Originally called Hopewell-Rev. Thomas Craighead, First Pastor-Difficulty in regard to the erection of a Meeting- House-Mr. Craighead's Death-Mr. James Lyon supplied the Pulpit for some months-Big Spring connected with Rocky Spring and Middle Spring-Rev. George Duffield called to be Pastor of the Church-Rev. William Linn Mr. Duffield's Successor-Mr. Linn resigned his Charge in 1784, and was followed by the Rev. Samuel Wilson-Copy of the Call given to Mr. Wilson-Rev. Joshua Williams chosen Pastor in 1801-Extracts from Two Obituaries of Dr. Wil- liams-Rev. Robert M'Cachren Dr. Williams's Successor- Names of Elders-The First Church at Big Spring-The present Edifice-The Graveyard, ยท
48
xiii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IV.
CHURCH AT SILVERS' SPRING.
Name by which it was first known-Origin of the present Name-Gospel first preached in this Church by Rev. Alex- ander Craighead in 1734-Rev. Samuel Thompson installed Pastor in 1739-Extract from Presbyterial Records concern- ing Mr. Thompson-Mr. Thompson resigned his pastoral re- lation in 1745-Suggestions in relation to the duty of Con- gregations to make provision for superannuated Pastors- Rev. Samuel Caven called to Lower Pennsborough in 1745 -After Mr. Caven's Death the Rev. John Steel became his Successor-Copy of the Call given to Mr. Steel-Rev. Samuel Waugh Pastor of East Pennsborough and Monaghan in 1782 -Sketch of his Character-Rev. John Hayes next called to the Pastorate of the Church-Rev. James Williamson-Rev. Geo. Morris-Present Church Edifice-The Building which preceded it-Epitaphs-Names of the present Members of Session, . 63
CHAPTER V.
CHURCH IN MERCERSBURG.
PERIOD I. Introduction-Settlement of the Country-Church organized-Location of the Church Edifice-Religious Con- troversy-Origin of Lower West Conococheague Church- Rev. John Steel-Settlement broken up and the Congrega- tion dispersed - Mr. Steel's removal - The Church reor- ganized-Supplies-The Country again disturbed-Attach- ment to the Church-The Session,
PERIOD II. Rev. Dr. King becomes Pastor-Obedience to the Civil Magistrate-The War of Independence-The part that Dr. King takes in it-Becomes Chaplain-Address at a Meeting
B
77
xiv
CONTENTS.
of the Citizens convened to deliberate on the state of Public Affairs-Extract of a Sermon on the Death of General Mont- gomery-Address to Capt. Huston's Company-Extract of a Sermon-The Church bears its part in the Struggle-The Session-Mercersburg laid out-Church Edifice erected in Town-The Session-Dr. King resigns his Charge-Result of Labours-His Conversion, Life, Character, and Death, . 83
PERIOD III. Rev. Dr. Elliott becomes Pastor-The Church at. St. Thomas-The Session-The Sabbath School-The Social Prayer Meeting-New Church Edifice-The Church's pros- perous state-A Change, and the causes thereof -The Church at Loudon-A Change in the Times- Deaths-The Session-The Female Domestic Missionary Society-Revival of Religion-Dr. Elliott resigns his Charge-Results of La- bour, . . 116
PERIOD IV. The Rev. Thomas Creigh becomes Pastor-Re- vival of Religion-The Female Sewing Society-The Ses- sion-Revival of Religion-The Church Edifice in Town, the Session, the Lecture-Room-Religious Controversy-The Pastor's Twentieth Anniversary Sermon-Changes and Re- sults-Concluding Remarks, . 125
CHAPTER VI.
. WELSH RUN CHURCH.
Its Original Name-When and why organized-At an early period was supplied by a Rev. Mr. Dunlap-Church was burnt by the Indians-Congregation at one time very nume- rous-Church was sometimes called " Tent Meeting-House" -Rev. Thos. McPherrin Pastor from 1774 until 1802-Rev. Robert Kennedy Pastor subsequently-Congregation now greatly diminished,
. 135
XV
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VII.
CHURCH AT CHAMBERSBURG.
Settlement of Col. Benjamin Chambers at "The Falling Spring" -The Families that subsequently settled there nearly all Presbyterians-Appropriation of ground by Col. Chambers for Church purposes-The first Log Building-The second Log Building-Deed of Conveyance for the Grounds dedi- cated to the Use of the Congregation-Congregation Incor- porated in 1787-Present Church Edifice erected in 1803- Congregation, after its organization, supplied for a time by Presbytery-The Rev. Messrs. Caven and Thompson its First Pastors-Rev. James Lang called to the Pastorate in 1767-Union between Congregations of East Conococheague and Falling Spring dissolved-Rev. William Speer becomes Pastor of Falling Spring-Mr. Speer resigned his Charge in 1797-Rev. David Denny called in 1800-Notice of Mr. Denny-Mr. Denny was succeeded by Rev. William Adam in 1839-Rev. Daniel Mckinley, Mr. Adam's Successor- Rev. Joseph Clarke the Present Pastor-The Church at Fayetteville-The Graveyard,
138
-
CHAPTER VIII.
CHURCH AT SHIPPENSBURG.
The Settlement of the Place-Its Condition a little more than a Century ago-The Associate Reformed Presbyterian one of the First Churches organized in the Town-Rev. Mr. Walker its Pastor-After him the Rev. Mr. Strong-Rev. Henry R. Wilson took charge of the Congregation in 1823- Dr. Wilson resigned his Pastoral relation in 1839-Obituary of Dr. Wilson-Rev. James Harper became Dr. Wilson's Successor in 1840-Names of Elders of the Congregation- The Title to the Church brought into Litigation-A New Church erected by the Presbyterian Congregation-Descrip- tion of it and of the Graveyard, .
. 154
xvi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IX.
GREENCASTLE CHURCH.
Division of the Congregation of the Conococheague Settlement -East Conococheague and Falling Spring united-Rev. Mr. Caven Pastor of the Charge-Mr. Caven admonished by Presbytery-Mr. Caven succeeded by the Rev. John Steel- The Rev. James Lang Pastor of East Conococheague and Falling Spring in 1769-Regret expressed for the Neglect of Sessions to keep Records-Notice of Presbytery's Failure to preserve Obituaries of Deceased Members-Union between East Conococheague and Falling Spring Congregations dis- solved, and Rev. Mr. Lang intrusted with sole Charge of the Former-Mr. Lang's Suspension from the Ministry-Rev. Robert Kennedy called to the Pastorate of East and Lower West Conococheague-Sketch of the History and Character of Mr. Kennedy-Mr. Kennedy succeeded by the Rev. James Buchanan-Notice of Mr. Buchanan-Rev. J. T. Marshall Davie Pastor of Greencastle and Hagerstown in 1840-Rev. T. V. Moore called to Pastorate of the Churches at Greencastle and Waynesboro'-Rev. W. M. Paxton settled over Congregation of Greencastle-Rev. Mr. Emerson the present Pastor-Names of Ruling Elders Fifty Years ago, and at Present-Description of the "Old Red Meeting- House"-Description of the present Church Edifice, . . 162
CHAPTER X.
ROCKY SPRING CHURCH.
Its Location-A Description of it-The Original Church with the addition made to it-The "Study House"-Mr. Craig- head the first Pastor-A Company raised by him to fight the Battles of the Country-Anecdote of an old Scotch Wo-
xvii
CONTENTS.
man in the Congregation-Mr. Craighead's Death in 1799- The Graveyard-Mr. Craighead's Tomb-Epitaphs-State of the Country as infested by Indians-Battle between Capt. Culbertson's Company and a Party of Indians-Account of Major James McCalmont-Other Epitaphs-Names of many who are buried in the Graveyard-Mr. Blair preached first at Rocky Spring-Names of the Persons to whom the War- rant of the Land on which the Old Church was built was Granted-Sketch of Mr. Craighead's History-Anecdote of him in the Battle-field-Dr. Herron becomes Pastor of the Congregation in 1800-Dr. Herron's Labours-Dr. Herron succeeded by the Rev. John M'Knight, D.D .- Dr. M'Knight's Faithful and Useful Life terminated in 1823-His Successor was his Son-The Rev. Dr. John M'Knight-The Rev. A. K. Nelson, Pastor at present-The Church once numerously but now sparsely attended-Patriotism a predominant fea- ture in the Early Presbyterians of Cumberland Valley-The Congregation rapidly diminishing,
. 176
CHAPTER XI.
PATH VALLEY CHURCHES.
Settlement of Path Valley-Extract from Letter of Richard Peters to Gov. Hamilton, in relation to it-Legal Proceedings in the Matter-First Preaching by a Presbyterian Minister in the Valley in 1767-Difficulty among the People about the Situation of their Meeting-House-Rev. Samuel Dougall's acceptance and resignation of the Pastorate of " Upper Tus- carora" and " Path Valley" Congregations-Mr. Dougall suc- ceeded by Rev. David Denny-Rev. Amos A. M'Ginley be- comes Pastor of the Congregations in 1802, and continues to be so until 1851-The Pastors of the Churches at present- Statistic Information of the Congregations from the year 1802, .
. 219
xviii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XII.
DICKINSON CHURCH.
-
Necessity for its Organization-First Notice of it on Records of Presbytery for 1810-Rev. Henry R. Wilson first supplied it -Congregation fully organized in 1823-No Regular Wor- ship until 1826-Rev. M'Knight Williamson at that time be- came its Pastor, and continued to be so until 1834-Mr. Wil- liamson was succeeded by Rev. Charles P. Cummins-Rev. O. O. M'Lean accepted the Pastorate in 1844-Names of Elders of the Congregation-Some Account of the Church Edifice, and the present condition of the Congregation, . 228
CHAPTER XIII.
CHURCH AT CARLISLE.
Log Church erected on Conodoguinett Creek in 1736-Rev. Samuel Thompson the First Pastor-Messrs. Craighead and Caven probably laboured there before him-Mr. Thompson resigned his Charge in 1748-Difficulty with the People of Hopewell about the erection of their Meeting-House-Church built in Carlisle-License from Gov. Hamilton to raise money by Lottery for that purpose-Rev. Geo. Duffield called to Carlisle and Big Spring in 1759-Rev. John Steel called by Carlisle and East Pennsboro' Congregations in 1764-Dr. Robert Davidson called to Carlisle in 1785-Rev. Geo. Duf- field becomes Pastor in 1816-Trial of Mr. Duffield for al- leged Doctrinal Errors in his Work on Regeneration-Issue of the Case-Action of Synod in relation to Presbytery's final vote in regard to Mr. Duffield and his Book-Second Presbyterian Church organized-Rev. Daniel M'Kinley call- ed to be its Pastor-Mr. Duffield resigns his Charge-Rev. Mr. Sprole is his Successor-Rev. Alex. T. M Gill called to Second 'Church-First Church stricken from the Roll of Pres-
xix
CONTENTS.
bytery-Mr. M'Gill's Pastoral relation dissolved-Rev. Thos. V. Moore called to Second Church-Mr. Moore resigns his Charge-Rev. Mr. Lillie is his Successor-Rev. M. E. John- ston the present Pastor, . 233
SUPPLEMENT.
Paxton and Derry Churches-Monaghan and Petersburg Churches-Lower Marsh Creek Church-Church at Gettys- burg-Churches at Bedford and Schellsburg-The Churches of M'Connellsburg, Green Hill, and Wells' Valley-Church at Cumberland, Md .- Hagerstown Church - Church at Sher- man's Creek-Mouth of Juniata and Millerstown-Landis- burg, Bloomfield, and Buffalo, . 255
APPENDIX I.
Call from the Big Spring Congregation to the Rev. Samuel Wilson, . 323
APPENDIX II.
Call from the Congregations of Carlisle and Lower Pennsboro' to the Rev. John Steel, . 327
APPENDIX III.
Some Account of the Schism in the Presbyterian Church of this Country, a Century ago, . 329
APPENDIX IV.
History of the Franklin County Bible Society, .
. 337
CHURCHES OF THE VALLEY.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
PENNSYLVANIA was settled more rapidly than any of the colonies. Among other causes of this, the salubrity of its climate, and the fertility of its soil, stand prominent. The speedy increase of population within its limits, however, is mainly to be attributed to the religious toleration which was secured to the colony, by its charter and its fundamental laws.
"The persecution of the Quakers and other re- ligious denominations, during the reign of Charles II., and especially during that of his successor, the in- tolerance exercised by the Papists over the Protestants of Europe, and the overbearing or persecuting spirit, on religious accounts, in many of the other colonies, as contrasted with the liberality of the Quakers of Pennsylvania, who were disposed to open their arms to all denominations of professing Christians who might be inclined to settle among them, induced the
2
14
CHURCHES OF THE VALLEY.
flocking of men by tens, by hundreds, and by thou- sands, to a place where man pretended not to assume the prerogatives of Deity ; nor judge, condemn, and punish in his stead."
" What sought they thus afar ? Bright jewels of the mine ? The wealth of seas, the spoils of war ?- They sought a faith's pure shrine ! Ay, call it holy ground, The soil where first they trod! They have left unstained what there they found- Freedom to worship God."
We could not, perhaps, throw more light upon the early settlers in Pennsylvania, than by presenting the following extracts from reliable sources.
" Referring to those who migrated hither from the North of Ireland, and who were chiefly Presbyterians, Dr. Williamson, in his 'History of North Carolina,' says : 'The greater number of those people or their ancestors, had formerly removed from Scotland. But they were treated, after a short residence in Ire- land, with much ingratitude and neglect ; wherefore they sought refuge in America. The Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel, in the province of Ulster, having conspired against the government in the reign of James the First, fled from the kingdom to escape punishment. Some of their accomplices were arrested, condemned, and executed, but the two Earls were at- tainted by a process of outlawry, upon which their
15
INTRODUCTION.
vast estates, about five hundred thousand acres of land, escheated to the Crown. King James resolved, if possible, to improve a country that was covered by woods, desolated by war, infested by robbers, or in- habited by ignorant adherents to the Romish Church. For this purpose he divided the escheated lands into small tracts, and those he gave to adventurers, who were to settle them within four years, with a certain number of sub-tenants. According to his advice, the preference was given, in distributing the lands, to adventurers from the west of Scotland. They were Protestants from his own country. They were in- dustrious people, and the passage being very short, they might, with the greater ease, settle the lands according to their contracts. The establishment of prelacy in Scotland, in the year 1637, and afterwards in the year 1661, among people who had adopted the more simple form of Presbyterian worship, be- came the additional cause of numerous emigrations from that kingdom to the North of Ireland.
""" The superior knowledge, industry, and temperance of the Scotch farmers, in a short time enabled them to supplant the natives among whom they lived, and six of the northern counties, by the end of the seven- teenth century, were chiefly inhabited by the descen- dants of Scottish emigrants, or the remains of Crom- well's army. That Protestant colony has been the chief support of government against all attempts to establish a Catholic prince, by treason, insurrection, or murder. Those men have been the steady and
16
CHURCHES OF THE VALLEY.
active supporters of the Hanover succession. Their faithful services, and uniform attachment to govern- ment, had placed them in the rank of good and faith- ful subjects, and their unshaken loyalty had entitled them to confidence and public favour. But they were treated like aliens and strangers, with marks of distrust in their civil capacity ; and they were de- pressed in their religious capacity, by the spirit of intolerance, because they were not of the established Church of Ireland. Men who were thus degraded and vexed by incapacities and burdens, migrated in thousands to Pennsylvania ; a province in which the principles of civil and religious liberty had their full operation.'
""'In England,' says Dr. Davidson,* 'ever since the memorable St. Bartholomew's day, all eyes had been anxiously directed to the Transatlantic settle- ments, notwithstanding they were as yet a wilderness ; and while some fled to Holland, a great number, together with many of the ejected ministers, betook themselves to New England, Pennsylvania, and other American plantations. In Scotland, fines, imprison- ments, and whippings, were abundant from 1662, when the Act of Conformity was passed, until 1688, when the Act of Toleration gave relief under the Presbyterian Prince of Orange. The Western and Southern Counties, which, according to Hume, were the most populous and thriving, were the most ob-
* History of the Presbyterian Church in Kentucky.
17
INTRODUCTION.
noxious, and the severity of the persecutions sur- passed, in the judgment of Bishop Burnet, the merci- less rigours of the Duke of Alva. Many sold their estates and crossed over to the Scots of Ulster, where, for a time unrestricted liberty was allowed. But the arm of intolerance soon followed them to this retreat, and the hunted-down non-conformists felt that they had no resource short of absolute expatria- tion. In order that the fury of the prelates might have full sweep, the Presbyterians and their ejected ministers were forbidden to fly into Scotland to avoid it. Of these ejected ministers, both in Scotland and Ireland, Wodrow gives a catalogue amounting to four hundred.
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