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IST
Ca.
- THE DEN ORK PUEL HIERARY
Astor Lemos ang Tiden -nu qationx 1909
James, M. Swank
HISTORY
OF
CAMBRIA COUNTY
PENNSYLVANIA
BY
HENRY WILSON STOREY
WITH
GENEALOGICAL MEMOIRS
ILLUSTRATED.
VOLUME I.
THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK CHICAGO
.
1907
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 456245
ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS. R 1909 L
COPYRIGHT 1907
BY
THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
0
.
.
FOREWORD
A history of Cambria County and its people is an essential part of the progress of civilization in our country for two hun- dred and twenty-five years.
After its acquisition by William Penn it was at peace with the red man for a period of seventy years, followed by thirty years of cruel barbarism.
In the beginning its pioneers were with Washington in the struggle for independence; its rank and file have marched with Dearborn, Taylor and Scott, Grant, Farragut and Shafter, and gallantly sustained our government.
1 Its 666 square miles of land were richly endowed with the tall white pine and hemlock, and the forests are filled with hard wood, and its mountains are veined with the best quality of bituminous coal.
In the iron and steel industry it has created for itself an international reputation for excellent products, and in its fine arts its people have achieved a worthy place. In statesmanship and government, in the nation and state, the influence of its men has been wielded for the good.
It is worthy to modestly enroll the achievements of her people among the annals of our country.
In grateful acknowledgment of the invaluable assistance given in the preparation of this history by James M. Swank, George T. Swank and Anderson H. Walters of the Johnstown Tribune, John McCormick and other friends, the author de- sires to express his sincere thanks.
MEN OF CAMBRIA WHO HAVE DISTINGUISHED IT BY THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS.
1. John J. Boyle: A Sculptor.
2. Jacob Miller Campbell: A General and a Statesman.
3. George Fritz: An Inventor and Engineer.
4. John Fritz: An Inventor and Engineer.
5. Lawrence Francis Flick, M. D .: The Master of Tuber- culosis.
6. John Fulton: Geologist and Mining Engineer.
7. Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin: A Pioneer Priest.
8. Jolin White Geary: A Major General and Governor of Kansas and Pennsylvania.
9. Joseph Johns: A Friend of the Common Schools and Founder of Johnstown.
10. William R. Jones: An Inventor, Engineer and Manager of Steel Works.
11. George Shryock King: Founder of the Cambria Iron Co.
12: Daniel Johnston Morrell: Iron and Steel Master; Author of and the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Centennial Exhibition, and Commissioner to the Paris Exposition.
13. Robert Samuel Murphy: Lieutenant Governor and Presi- dent of the Pennsylvania Senate.
14. Robert Edwin Peary: The Arctic Explorer.
15. Cyrus Long Pershing: A President Judge and Member of the War Assembly; the Democratic Candidate for Governor, Supreme Judge and Congress.
16. Robert Lees Phythian: A Commodore in the United States Navy and a Superintendent of the Naval Academy ..
17. Charles M. Schwab: A Steel Master.
18. Powell Stackhouse: President of the Cambria Steel Co.
19. James Moore Swank: An Editor, Statistician and His- torian.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
William Penn seeks to purchase title from the Susquehanna river-Penn secures the Dongan title-Penn's difficul- ties in England and in the province-Treaties with the Indians-French and Indian War-Charles Campbell procures a warrant for the land on the Conemaugh and Stonycreek rivers at Johnstown.
1
CHAPTER IT.
The Revolutionary War period-Meetings in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia-Companies of Captain Robert Cluggage, Captain Richard Brown, Captain Andrew Mann, and Captain Jacob Hendershot-The companies of rangers; Captain John Boyd and Captain Solomon Adams-Mason and Dixon line-The whiskey rebellion of 1794 The Forbes Road. 16
CHAPTER III.
Organization of Counties-Cambria county taken from Somerset and Huntingdon-First townships in Cam- bria county 29
CHAPTER IV.
Indian Tribes in the Conemaugh valley-First white visitors 46
CHAPTER V.
Pioneer settlers-Adams family-Prince Gallitzin-Cap- tain Michael M'Guire-Joseph Johns-He lays out the village of Conemaugh. 67
CHAPTER VI.
Indian trails-Old roads.
91
vi
CONTENTS
CHAPTER VIL.
A Political Review-The politics of the county, state and nation from 1808 102
CHAPTER VIII.
The Judicial District-Jurisdiction of the courts, and legis- lation-Special acts, the judges and lawyers-Inci- dents. 143
CHAPTER IX.
Anti-slavery Sentiment-The underground railroad- " Abraham" and "Patrick" shot at by a slave hunter -Arrest of Henry Willis and others for aiding the slaves. 186
CHAPTER X.
First Settlements 193
CHAPTER XI.
The Rivers, Creeks and Rivulets-Saw and grist mills, and rafting. 211
CHAPTER XII. 240
The City of Johnstown
CHAPTER XIII. 290
Land Titles
CHAPTER XIV. 311
The Rivers at Johnstown
CHAPTER XV. 330
The Pennsylvania Canal.
CHAPTER XVI.
Old and New Portage Railroads
347
CHAPTER XVII.
Newspapers and Periodicals 367
CHAPTER XVIII.
Cambria Steel Company-Origin and early history of the present great corporation. 400
·
vii
CONTENTS CHAPTER XIX.
Fall of the Pennsylvania railroad platform. 448
CHAPTER XX.
The Great Flood of May 31, 1889. 457
CHAPTER XXI.
The Medical Profession. 509
CHAPTER XXII.
Old Families in the County
535
CHAPTER XXIII.
Coal, coke, railroads and lumber 573
History of Cambria County.
CHAPTER I.
WILLIAM PENN SEEKS TO PURCHASE INDIAN TITLE FOR THE SUSQUE- HANNA RIVER-PENN SECURES THE DONGAN TITLE-PENN'S DIF- FICULTIES IN ENGLAND AND IN THE PROVINCE-TREATIES WITH THE INDIANS-FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR -- CHARLES CAMPBELL PROCURES A WARRANT FOR THE LAND ON THE CONEMAUGH AND STONEYCREEK RIVERS AT JOHNSTOWN.
The King of England, Charles II, desiring to perpetuate the memory of his friend, Admiral William Penn, for his vic- tory over the Dutch fleet in 1665, looked with favor on the peti- tion of William Penn, his son, for permission and a grant of sufficient land in America to locate a colony thereon; therefore, on March 4, 1681, at Westminster, the charter for Pennsylvania was granted. The boundary lines were given thus :
"All that tract or parte of land in America, with all the Islands therein conteyned, as the same is bounded on the East by Delaware River, from twelve miles distance Northwards of New Castle Towne unto the three and fortieth degree of North- ern latitude if the said River doth extend soe farre Northwards: But if the said River shall not extend soe farre Northward, then by the said River soe farr as it doth extend, and from the head of the said River the Easterne bounds are to bee determined by a meridian line to bee drawn from the head of the said River unto the said three and fortieth degree, the said lands to extend Westwards, five degrees in longitude, to be computed from the said Eastern Bounds, and the said lands to bee bounded on the North by the beginning of the three and fortieth degree of Northern latitude, and on the South, by a circle drawn at twelve miles distance from New Castle Northwards, and Westwards unto the beginning of the fortieth degree of Northern Latitude : and then by a straight line Westwards, to the limitt of Longi- tude above mentioned."
Under this authority Penn immediately began to make his arrangements to take possession. and appointed William Mark- ham, his cousin, lieutenant governor, who arrived in New York
Vol. I-1
2
HISTORY OF CAMBRIA COUNTY.
in June, 1681. Markham found Captain Anthony Brockholls, deputy governor of New York, in charge of the Duke of York's colonies. Brockholls inspected the documents which Markham presented, and in acknowledging their validity gave him a let- ter to the settlers in Pennsylvania, requesting them to yield obedience to the new proprietor. On August 3, 1681, Markham organized a Council, which was the formal beginning of Penn's proprietorship, and began to buy lands from the Indians.
Penn sailed in the ship "Welcome," and landed. at Upland, now Chester, about October 28, 1682, when he was about thirty- eight years of age. Markham had had the city of Philadelphia laid out before Penn's arrival, but it was under his instructions, inasmuch as two years later Penn wrote: "And thou Philadel- phia, named before thou wast born."
In the summer of 1683 Penn began to negotiate with the Iroquois chiefs of New York, who were in control of the tribes on the Susquehanna river, for that river and the lands on both sides of it. In July he wrote to Brockholls commending two agents he was sending to treat with the sachems of the Mohawks, Seneca's and their allied tribes, for a release of the Susquehanna In his letter he declared his intention "is to treat
lands. * * about some Susquehanash land on ye back of us, where I intend a colony forthwith, a place so out of the way that a small thing could not carry some people to it." It seems very clear that Penn's intentions were to secure at once the Sus- quehanna river to its source, and to the extreme point, or, as he expressed it so plainly, "a place so out of the way that a small thing could not carry some people to it."
The agents, William Haige and James Graham, proceeded to Albany in August, and found that Brockholls had been super- seded by Colonel Thomas Dongan, who had arrived August 25. 1683. Colonel Dongan is an important personage in the study of the history of Pennsylvania, in view of his term of service as governor of New York until 1688. He was a Roman Catholic, as was the Duke of York, and an enterprising, active and intelligent man, well qualified to manage the delicate rela- tions then existing, especially so with the Iroquois Indians.
When Dongan heard of Penn's negotiations for the Sus- quehanna river it gave him much concern, and caused his jus- tices, who were his advisers, to become panicstricken. They feared that Penn would plant a strong settlement on the Sus- quehanna, and that the Iroquois Indians, instead of bringing
3
HISTORY OF CAMBRIA COUNTY.
their furs to the Hudson river, would send them to what is now Philadelphia, by the way of the Susquehanna.
On September 7, 1683, the justices had a conference with such Indians as could be reached in their haste for action. These were two Cayugas and "a Susquehanna," who were closely interrogated as to the Susquehanna's geographical and trade relations with the New York settlements, especially Albany. These close questions caused the Indians to be inquisitive. Their inquiries were: Why did the justices want to know? Were the white men coming to the Susquehanna? The chiefs were asked how this would suit them, assuming it to be correct, and they candidly replied "very well," as it would be much easier and nearer to trade there than at Albany, "insomuch as they must bring everything thither on their backs."
The situation was alarming, and the justices hastily advised Dongan to find some way to prevent Penn from acquiring the "Susquehanna Indian title." On the 18th, Colonel Dongan informed Haige and Graham that it was considered "very con- venient and necessary to putt a stopp to all proceedings in Mr. Penn's affairs with the Indians until his bounds and limits be adjusted," and furthermore "to suffer no manner of pro- ceedings in that business" until they should be advised. The Indians were influenced by Dongan and his friends not to sell to Penn, being told that they had no right to do that, but should sell to the New York parties.
The situation was acute and prompt action was required; therefore, to control it. Dongan purchased from some of the chiefs, especially the Senecas, these lands and the river for himself. He seems to have been uncertain whether his position in this transaction was entirely honorable, although on October 10th he wrote to Penn avowing his purchase, and in another letter of the 22d he stated the "Indians had confirmed the sale;" however, he added, that he and Penn would "not fall ont" over it.
Even this purchase did not clear the haze, and Penn's efforts were causing much uneasiness in New York for fear of losing the Indian trade. It went so far that in 1691 the Pro- vincial Council of New York presented a petition to William III, earnestly requesting the dispossessing of Penn altogether. They represented that "The Susquehanna is situate in the mid- dle of the Sinnekes country," and that it had been given to the Duke of York many years before Penn had received his
4
HISTORY OF CAMBRIA COUNTY.
charter. They further stated that Penn was endeavoring to buy it from the Indians in order to draw away trade to his province, and the King was assured this would do them great damage, because "All the Nations with whom Albany hath a trade live at the head of the Susquehanna river," and declared that "the inhabitants at Albany" had "only seated themselves there and addicted their minds to the Indian language and the mysteries of the said trade with the purpose to manage it." They insistently urged that if Penn's title to Pennsylvania should be affirmed that it should extend no further on the Sus- quehanna than the falls thereof. The falls are probably at the mouth of the Conestoga creek, about fifteen miles north of the Maryland line. They preferred that Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Connecticut be re-annexed to New York.
The uneasiness which Penn's negotiations caused in 1683 had now become malevolent; it was bitter and vindictive toward the Province and its rulers. Penn was the central object for the attacks of those who disliked his religious views, his demo- cratic system of government. despised his humane policy, or hated all of these. This was the beginning of Penn's trou- bles and the historical events relating to Barr, Carroll and Susquehanna townships in Cambria county.
In 1684 Penn returned to England with the fixed purpose of making a short visit and of bringing his family to Penn -. sylvania, but in the meanwhile James II had succeeded Charles II as King of England. Penn strove to use his influence for the persecuted dissenters, which included the Roman Catho- lies, and at first James assented, but political measures demanded the re-enactment of offending measures, however, and Penn continued to intercede for the oppressed people. This condition of affairs continued until the revolution of 1688.
William and Mary ascended the throne February 13, 1689, in full faith in the doctrine of the Church of England, which rad- ically changed the situation. All the friends of the Stuarts were suspects. Penn was twice arrested on charges of trea- sonable correspondence with the banished James, and twice was he acquitted. He was accused of being "a cheat," also of being a Catholic, and under these strained conditions of affairs he remained in seclusion for three years. In 1693 three lords presented his case to William with the assurance there was nothing against him, and Penn was given his liberty.
However, his troubles were not confined to England, inas-
5
HISTORY OF CAMBRIA COUNTY.
much as in 1692 his executive authority over Pennsylvania was taken from him and given to Benjamin Fletcher, governor of New York, who was totally out of sympathy with the people of this province, but upon Penn's release in 1693 his powers were restored.
While Penn was abroad Thomas Dongan, formerly gov- ernor of New York, returned to England in 1691 and succeeded to the earldom of Limerick in 1698.
Penn's proprietorship of Pennsylvania now being confirmed by William and Mary, he sought to acquire the ownership and control of the Susquehanna river, regarding it as essential to the prosperity of his province. It had been his first thought as early as 1683, and most likely prior to that date, as his cor- respondence with Markham shows, and his general knowledge of the Province had determined the value of that river. There- fore in 1695 he opened negotiations with Colonel Dongan for the purchase of the interest of the Seneca Indians in the Sus- quehanna river and its lands, which the latter had acquired in his name in 1683. They were concluded successfully on Jan- uary 12, 1696, by acquiring a lease thereof for one thousand years, in consideration of the payment of one hundred pounds and the annual rent of a "pepper corn" to be delivered on the "Feast Day of St. Michaell the Arch Angel," is demanded.
Penn remained in England until September 9, 1699, when he and his family sailed for America to make it their home; however, this was not to be, as he returned to England in 1701 for a visit, and the changed conditions prevented him from ever returning to Pennsylvania. The Province was governed through his deputies until his death in 1718, when his son and other heirs assumed control over Pennsylvania.
The following is the text of the deed of Colonel Thomas Dongan to William Penn:
Deed of Thos. Dongan to William Penn, This indenture made the 12th day of January, Anno Dni, 1696, and in the eighth yeare of the reigne of our Sovereign, Lord Will- iam, the Third, King of Eng'd. between Thomas Dongan, late Govern'r of New York, and now of London, Esqr. of the one part, and,
William Penn,
Govern'r of the Province of Pensilvania in America, of the other part; in consideration of the sume of one hundred Pounds * to him in hand paid by the said
William Penn
he hath demised and granted
*
*
6
HISTORY OF CAMBRIA COUNTY.
to the said Willian Penn, All that tract of Land lyeng upon, on both sides the River commonly called or known by the name of the Susquehanna River and the Lakes adjacent, in or near the Province of Pensilvania, beginning at the Mountain or head of the said river, and running as fare as and into the Bay of Chessapeake, with all Isles, Islands, mines, woods * which the said Thomas Dongan lately purchased of or had given him by the Sinneca Susquehannah Indians, and also all the lands whatsoever lyeing on both sides the Susquehannah river * * which he. the said Thomas Dongan did, at any time purchase or which * * were at any time given unto (him) by the said Indians. *
To have and to hold, from the date hereof, for and unto
the end and term of One Thousand years. paying
yearly and every year on the Feast day of St. Michaell the Arch Angel, the rent of a pepper Corn, if the same shall or lawfully (be) demanded to the intent and purpose, that by the force of these presents and of the Statute for trans- ferring of uses, into possession, the said William Penn may be in the actuall possession of the premises, and may be thereby the better enabled to attempt and take a grant, release, * *
for his heirs and assigns forever.
THOMAS DONGAN, (LS.)
It will be observed this document is a lease for the Sus- quehanna lands and the river, but on the following day Don- gan conveyed all his right, title and interest therein to William Penn, in fee, for the consideration of one hundred pounds. The deed is dated Jannary 13, 1696, and conveys "all the land and every of the Senneca Susquehannah Indians," and will warrant and forever defend it.
There are two branches of the Susquehanna river which join at Sunbury. The northern branch extends into the state of New York. The western branch runs along Union county, and passes through Lycoming, Clinton, along Center, and through Clearfield counties into Cambria, at Cherry Tree. Its source is, of course, on the eastern slope of the Allegheny mountains, and becomes prominent near Carrolltown, then passes through Carroll township, along Barr and through Sus- quehanna townships into Clearfield county.
The Susquehanna is the only stream which drains the east- ern slope and the territory east of the Allegheny mountains in our State, and being very crooked the distance from its source to Sunbury is about two hundred miles, fifteen of which lies in Cambria county.
*:
*
7
HISTORY OF CAMBRIA COUNTY.
The Dongan deed is not of record except as it appears in the colonial records, nor has it ever been found: however, it was confirmed in 1700 by several of the tribes, and in 1722 the Conestoga Indians, then known as the Susquehanna Indians,
from Fort
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Kittaning
Barb
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Field Cham
Col' Bouquet's Rt Field, Chany
77
south Br
- Conemack ** old Town
> Morrison's
Cove
Fart Ligonier
CHILL RIDGE
& Glade
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Shanese Cabbons
For
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Guests
Great Glide grande Clairière
WILLS MOUNTAIN
EXITS MOUNTAIN
GREAT MIRRIOR MOUNTAIN
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BILL
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Cheat P
Fort Cumber land
TORN
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7.9
Cambria County Territory. W. Scull Map of 1770. Savages at "Conemack."
confirmed the lease and sale of 1696. It was subsequently af- firmed by treaty and by deeds.
Notwithstanding the confirmation and the admissions of the Five Nations, the Delaware Indians claimed they had an interest in the Susquehanna lands, and as the boundaries were
EGANY RIDGEA
Sommet
FORT PITT Fort nugurine-
South West Bru
suder's Run
Brush Crot
CHESNUT RIDGE
Croyles
COD
ALLEGUIPPY RIDGE
Sel rup evoloup
LAUREL
ahora" Run
aralık C
Brunch
8
HISTORY OF CAMBRIA COUNTY.
indefinite in the former deeds, the Penns arranged for an- other conference with these several tribes, which took place October 11th. 1736, in Philadelphia, and another treaty was made. They gave the following deed :
To All People to whom these presents may come,
we do and every of them doth give, grant, bargain, sell, release and confirm unto the said proprietors, John Penn and Richard Penn, their heirs and assigns, All the said River Susquehannah, with the lands lying on both sides thereof, to extend Eastward as far as the heads of the Branches or Springs which run into the said Susquehannah, and all the lands lying on the West side of the said River to the setting of the Sun, and to extend from the mouth of the said River Northward, up the same to the Hills or mountains called in the language of the said Nations, the Tyannuntasacta, or endless hills, and by the Delaware Indians, the Kekkachtananin Hills, together. also, with all the Islands in the said River.
Dated October 11th, 1736.
Onondagoes. His
HANNYHARANGGUAS. X
KAKISKEROWANA.
mark.
ASHCOALAX, x
TAGUNHUNTY,
HETQUANTAGECHTA, Oneidas.
CAXHAAYN,
A Y
TECOCHTSEEGHEROCHOO, x
SAWEGATEKOE,
SALISKAGUOH.
By his fr'd,
SHEKALAMY,
TAGUNHUNTY,
Y
SANEYUSKOE,
CANAUNGOE,
SEWUNTGA,
CAHOOYEEOH,
TYEROS, Cuyagos.
KANICKHUNGO,
X
SEGUCHSANYUNT,
EYACKSAGEE, Alias, Tagachskaholoo.
SUNERETCHY,
KANAWATOE,
In the conference between Governor Keith and the Cones- toga Indians in 1722, the Indians claimed that forty years be- fore that, which would be 1682, William Penn had procured some person in New York to purchase the lands on the Susque- hanna river from the Five Nations, who pretended to have a right in them by having conquered the Indians formerly set- tled there. The Conestoga Indians said to Governor Keith "that William Penn took the parchment and laid it upon the ground. and saving to them it should be common amongst them, namely, the English and the Conestoga Indians." Keith re- plied : "I am very glad to find that you remember so perfectly
ИЗИИ ИИИИ ИИ ИИИ
By his fr'd, Kaneckhungo.
KUCHDACHARY,
TAHASHWANGARORAS, Tuscaroras.
Senecas.
9
HISTORY OF CAMBRIA COUNTY.
the wise and kind expressions of the great and good William Penn towards you; and I know that the purchase which he made of the lands on both sides of the Susquehanna is exactly true as you tell it, only I have heard further that when he was so good to tell your people, that notwithstanding that purchase the lands should still be in common between his people and them, you answered that very little land would serve you, and thereupon you fully confirmed his right, by your consent and good will, etc."
The great object William Penn had in mind was the con- trol of the Susquehanna river throughout his province. There- fore, on September 13th, 1700, he purchased from Widagh and Andaggyjunkquagh, kings or sachems of the Susquehanna In- dians, all their right in the Susquehanna river, "and all the lands situate, lying and being on both sides of the said river, and next adjoining to the same, to the utmost confines of the lands which are or formerly were the right of the people or na- tion called the Susquehannagh Indians, or by what name soever they were called," and therein confirmed the deed of Thomas Dongan, now the Earl of Limerick, to William Penn, dated September 13th, 1696. This deed is recorded in the Department of Internal Affairs at Harrisburg, in Book F, volume 8, at page 242.
A further purchase or confirmation of the Thomas Don- gan deed was made April 22, 1701, between William Penn and several branches of the Susquehanna, Shawona, Potowmack and Conestoga Indians, for the Susquehanna river and the lands on both sides of it.
At a treaty held in Philadelphia, in July, 1727, between Governor Gordon and the deputies of the Five Nations, the latter said inasmuch as the former had at divers times sent for them they had therefore come to know hi's pleasure, and made an offer to sell the Susquehanna river lands. Gordon replied "that he was glad to see them, and that he takes their visit at this time very kindly, but that they were misinformed when they supposed he had sent for them; that Governor Penn had. by means of the Colonel Dongan deed, already bought of the Five Nations the lands on the Susquehanna river."
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