History of the County of Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, with Biographical Sketches of Many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men, Part 1

Author: George Dallas Albert, editor
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HISTORY

OF THE

COUNTY OF WESTMORELAND,

PENNSYLVANIA,

WITH

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

OF MANY OF ITS

PIONEERS AND PROMINENT MEN.

EDITED BY GEORGE DALLAS ALBERT.

ILLUSTRATED.

PHILADELPHIA : L. H. EVERTS & CO. 1882.

LIPPINCOTT & CO., PHI

AD ELPHIA.

THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE . HVER: COMMONWEALTH CAMPUS LIBRARI MCKEESPORT

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The reproduction of this book has been made possible through the sponsorship of the Westmoreland County Historical Society, Greensburg, Pennsylvania.

A Reproduction by UNIGRAPHIC, INC. 1401 North Fares Avenue nineteen hundred and seventy-six

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MEET THE AUTHOR, GEORGE DALLAS ALBERT

The author of this book, a lawyer, was born in 1846 at Youngstown, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania where he was reared, and during his career he lived in Latrobe, several miles from there. He attended the common schools but not college. Reading law with Henry C. Marchand, Esq., he was admitted to the Westmoreland County Bar in 1869. Later he married a lady of quality, as erudite as he was.

His health was delicate from his birth to his death on October 13, 1898; thus he could not acquire knowledge and experience through a for- mal classical education or travel. He did not actively practice law until 1880 and even then because of his health and his diffident nature he shunned court work, maintaining an extensive office practice. Hence he could thoroughly research the law and history and became an excellent counselor and historian.

Thus in this world he could not "mix with action" but he did not "perish with decay." His world was the world of books, so it well can be said of him in the words of Oliver Goldsmith :

"And still they gaz'd and still the wonder grew That one small head could carry all he knew."

The frailty of Mr. Albert's body was inversely proportionate to the fertility of his mind.

His final fame as a historian recalls someone saying to Napoleon, "You are the creature of fortuitous circumstances," Napoleon replying, "Yes, but I make the circumstances." So with George Dallas Albert.

And he did make the circumstances by writing this book which was published when he was just 36 years of age. As such a comprehensive magnum would require more than a decade of research and writing, he must have begun it in his early 20's. It was the first and is the best history of Westmoreland County. No doubt he wanted its publication to be in 1873, the centenary of the county's beginning, but his thoroughness and perfectionism likely delayed it so that it was published on his second target .date, 1882, the 100th anniversary of the burning of Hanna's Town, West- moreland's first county seat. It probably first was published in a seriol in a Latrobe newspaper-THE LATROBE ADVANCE.

Nor was Mr. Albert "crowned before he was king," as said of Mas- cagni when he composed his "Cavaleria Rusticana," the composer never attaining such heights afterward. Mr. Albert sustained his royalty as a historian as attested by being appointed by Governor Pattison to be one of a commission of five to prepare for publication by the Commonwealth Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania, which was published in 1896 and was republished in 1916. He wrote the second of the two volume work.

In two years after the first printing at the age of fifty-two he died. Albert H. Bell, Esq., with whom Mr. Albert practiced law when he died, writes in his Memoirs of the Bench and Bar of Westmoreland County. "He was the victim of a malady that saddened his days as it hastened their end."

Calvin E. Pollins, President Westmoreland County Historical Society

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PREFACE.

THE rapidity in which these sheets (equivalent to some four thousand mannecript folios) passed through the press and the hands of the editor precluded that careful and close scrutiny which an ordinary work is in all justice entitled to receive, and this by a proof-reader not per -. plexed with other business affairs. As a consequence there are some typographical errors and perhaps a few inadvertencies, some of which are apparent to us on a final scrutiny. One mis- statement which crept into the body of the work from = broken copy, but which was printed in only a very few of the first of the impressions of this edition before we noticed it, we desire to correct. In that part of the ecclesiastical history in which the history of the Roman Catholic Church is given it is said that the Right Rev. Abbott Wimmer was the first prelate to enter the council hall at the Council of the Vatican, etc., when it should be, as it was intended, he was with those prelates, etc. The copy was here wrongly read ; hence a discrepancy which we desire to explain. We make this explanation of the correction not with the mere object of righting the misstatement, but from a sense of duty, fully appreciating that no one would be more sensitive to an undne and equivocal exaltation than that right reverened prelate himself.

For minor inaccuracies (such as no book is free from)-other than misstatements-we do not apologize nor ask for excuses. We believe the body of the work to be essentially free from mistakes in regard to dates and positive averments. Where dates appear that confuse or create doubt, they are found to be verified or corrected in other portions of the history, and that either by corroborating statements or manifest implication.

In giving copies of old documents and of records they are given literally as they exist, and have not been altered in form or phraseology only where it was proper to do so.

June 17, 1882.

G. D. A.

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CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY-EARLY PROVINCIAL HISTORY. Predstory-Necessity of Preserving the Facts of Local History-Chief Sources of Local History-Written Accounts and Traditions-Ponn's Grant-His Policy-Success of His Colony-Alexander Spottswood, Governor of Virginia, wants the British Government to make a Line of Torts along the Western Rivers-The French in Canada-Their Policy towards the Indians-Alienation of the Indians from the Eng- Usb-Indians of Western Pennsylvania confined to their Reservations on the Ohio-The Ohio Company-Rivalry between the Governments of Pennsylvania and Virginia respecting the Indian Trade .......... 13

CHAPTER II. THE FRENCH OCCUPANCY OF FORT DUQUESNE.

Conrad Weiser and George Crogan-Weiser's Report on the Tribes about the Ohio-Their Numbers and their Disposition-King Shingams and Queen Alliquippi-Gist's Settlement-George Washington sent by the Governor of Virginia to the Indian Tribes-His First Journey, and the Information he Acquired-The Ohio Company cuts Roads, makes Set- tlements, erects a 'Store-House and Fort at Redstone, and takes poe- session of the Torks of the Ohio River-Its Soldiers and Men are driven away by the French, who erect Fort Duquesne-The Governor of Virginia reinforces Washington, who retires to the Great Meadows, and Tights his First Battle at Fort Necessity-Braddock's Campaign projected. 17

CHAPTER III. BRADDOCK'S EXPEDITION.

Braddock's Forces at Fort Cumberland-He comes up the Ohio Com- pany's Road, piloted by Washington-Opens the Road to the Youghio- gheny, and through our part of Westmoreland to the Monongahela; after crowing which River the Army, in a Defile on the South Bank above Turtle Creek, is Surprised by the French Canadians and Indians from the Fort-The Number of the Enemy and their Leaders-The Virginians cover the Retreat of the British-Washington carries off the Army-The Route, Courses, and Distances of the March-How the Trail may be found at this Day-Effect of Braddock's Defeat on the Pennsylvania Colonists-The Battle-Ground visited by Soldiers under Forbes Three Years after the Battle-The Appearance of the Field ... 20

CHAPTER IV. ARMSTRONG'S EXPEDITION, 1756-BOUQUET AT LIGONIER, 1758.

The Country overrun by Indians and French after Braddock's Defeat- Settlers flee to the East of the Mountains-Forts and Block-Houses on the Pennsylvania Frontier-Col. John Armstrong's Expedition in 1766 against the Kittanning Town-The Town taken and destroyed, and Capt. Jacobs reported killed-The Tramping-Ground of these Warriors-The French and Indian War carried ou under William Pitt -John Forbes commands the New Expedition from Philadelphia against Fort Duquesne-His command-Col. Bouquet brings the Van- guard of the Army across Laurel Hill to the Loyalbanna, where he erects a Stockade, and awaits on the rest of the Army under Washing- ton and Forbes, who were to unite at Raystown, or Bedford ......... 25

CHAPTER V. FORBES' EXPEDITION, 1758.

Maj. Grant is sent out from Fort Ligonier to reconnoitre about Fort Duquesne-Number of Men under Grant, and their Route-Their En- campment on the Nine-Mile Run-Their Trail the first Road of the English-speaking People through Westmoreland from Laurel Hill

to the Ohio-Grant arrives at the Hill overlooking Fort Duquesne- Is Surrounded and Defeated-Capt. Bullet carries the Remains of the Command back to the Stockade of Ligonier-The French and Indians fill the Woods about Ligonier, and with their united forces attack Bouquet-The Battle lasts nearly all Day, when the Enemy flee off through the Woods-The whole Army under Forbes at Ligonier- H. proposes to advance towards Fort Duquesne-Washington leads the way, and cuts the Old Military or Forbes' Road-Duquesne de- serted by the French, and first ocoupled by the British and Ameri- cans-Fort Pitt erected. 28

CHAPTER VI.

FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN WESTMORELAND-BATTLE OF BUSHY RUN, 1763.

Settlers come into Ligonier Valley, about Fort Pitt, and along the Old Military Road-Their Isolated Situations, their Squalld Huts, Potato Patches, and First Clearings-Condition of Indian Affairs at the Peace between England and France, 1762 and 1768 -- Pontiac-Fort Ligonier made a General Depot-Officers Commandant at Fort Ligonier-The Great Uprising of the North western Tribes-Fort Pitt and Tort LI- gonier surrounded and cut off from connection with the East-Capt. Ourry and his Men from Bedford come to the relief of Ligonier and hold the Fort-Bouquet marches from the East to the relief of Fort Ligonier and Tort Pitt-The Force with him-Bouquet finds the Frontier overrun and the Inhabitants utterly destitute-He reaches Fort Ligonier (1763)-He strengthens the Post, and with his 8mall Army and a Convoy of Pack-Horses proceeds towards Fort Pitt-He is attacked by the Indians under Kyashuta, the Chief of the Senecas, and fights the Battle of Bushy Run-H. . Defeats and Sostters his Enemy in the most successful Engagement fought with the Hostiles, and carries his Forces and Provisions into Fort Pitt ............... ...... 32

CHAPTER VII. SETTLEMENT FROM 1759 TO 1769.

Misunderstood Boundaries of the Treaty of 1754 (Albany)-Purchase of 1758 and Boundaries thereunder-British Officers give Permits to Set- tlers after Forbes' Campaign-Pennsylvania will not give Title to Set- tiers, but passes Laws to keep Settlers off this Territory-Virginia in- duces Settlers to migrate hither and locate-The Boundary Line between Pennsylvania and Virginia not definitely known-Settlers come into the Country after Pontiac's war (1764)-They locate at Red- stone, on the Youghiogheny, at the Forks of that River, and about Pittsburgh, Ligonier, and along the Great Roads-Mason and Dizon's Line run-Proclamation of the Governor of Pennsylvania warning these Settlers off-Rev. John Steele sent to them to explain the Law and request them to remove-They refuse to remove-The " New Purchase," under Treaty of Fort Stanwix, of 1768-List of the Earliest Settlements made in Western Pennsylvania to this date (1768)-Clam- oring of Emigrants and New Settlers to have Lands granted them by the Province-Special Land Titles-Penn's Manorial Reservations- The Divesting Act-Preliminaries to the opening of the Land Ofice -Public Notice of the opening given-Land Office opened for Appli- cations in the New Purchase, April 3, 1769. 36

CHAPTER VIII. PREDOMINANT NATIONALITIES OF THE SETTLERS.

"New Purchase" in Cumberland County Territory-The Penns appoint Justices of the Peace for that part of Cumberland County west of Laurel Hill-No evidence of any Authority being exercised by these Magistrates-Bedford County created-Township Divisions of that part of Bedford County Which Ister became Westmoreland-Tax-Bolls

for Bedford County-Nu ndbolders and of Tenants returned

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CONTENTS.

-The Best western Bessdary of Bedford County-No Actual Jurte- Staten of Bedford County Government tolerated by the Settlers- First Courts of Bedford-Those in the first Comestoutos-Number of Appliestions at the opening of the Land Ofice la 1700-Prominent Men who took up Land et thet date-Different Nationalities of the Bet- Chers : Seotob-Lrish, Germans, French Huguenots, Bagliob-Americane -Localities of their Settlements-Predominant Nationality of Pean- civanis Bettlers before the Revolution-Immigration of the Bestob- Irish, particularly thet of 1771-78-Their Mativity, and seceast of their Domination in the North of Ireland-Their Distinct Character- istics-How they were held by Friends and by Defamers-They and the Dutch, bed neighbors-Thetr Influence in Publie Affaire in Western Pessylvania, and reference thereis to the Whiskey Insurrection. 43

CHAPTER IX. OURTOME, MORALA, AND MATHERS PRIOR ' TO THE ERMOTION OF THE COUNTY.

The German Bettlers-Whence they'Emigrated-In what they Differed from the Scotch-Irish-Their Manners, Habits, etc .- Their Belief in the Supernatural-The Meononists -- Peculiarities of their Religious Be- Lief-Relation of these Firpt Settlers to the Civil Law and Procedure in Courts-The Customs and Laws which they Formulated-Effect of their Religious Belief on their Civil Society-Peculiarity of their Morais blended with their Manners-Southern Portion of the County belag rapidly filled up compared with the Northern Portion-Terms of Virginia Titles and terms of Peon's Titles-First Settlements north of the Consms .gb- 'sriy Pittsburgh-Fort Pitt abandoned-Berly Efforts of the Settlers to erect a New County after opening of the Pennsylvania Land Ofce-Bedford County erected. ........... .. ... ... 47

CHAPTER X.

WESTMORELAND COUNTY ORGANIZED-COURTS ESTABLISHED, ETC.

Jestloss for Bedford County exercise jurisdiction over the Westmoreland part of the County-Great Distance to the County-Seat-St. Clair as Peon's Agent-Petitions for a New County-Westmoreland County erected by Act of Amembly and organized-Courts authorised and Officers named-List of the County Justices in the first Commission -The first Court-County divided into Townships-The first Grand Jury-Constables and Supervisors appointed and Inn-keepers li- censed-The County Offices and Officers-St. Clair the first Prothono- tary, etc., and James Brison his Clerk-Huffnagle, St. Clair's Succes- sor, secretes the Records of the County-John Proctor the first Sheriff-Officers returned-Election Districts. 51

CHAPTER XI.

FIRST JAIL-EARLY PUNISHMENTS SLAVERY IN 1781.

Erection of the Jail at Hanna's-The Pillory-The Whipping-Post-The Stocks-The First Indictment in the Quarter Sessions-James Brig- land and Luke Picket whipped at the Post -- Vestiges of English Ju- dicial Process-Elizabeth Smith whipped at the Post and sentenced to Two Years at Hard Labor with an Inhuman Master for Larceny- Flexible Consciences-Slavery and Servitude in the Old Westmoreland -Bill of Sale for a Negro Woman Slave-Extent of Slavery in the County in 1781-Reference to the List of Slaves made out in Purso- ance of an Act of Assembly 57

CHAPTER XII. OLD HANNASTOWN, THE COUNTY-SEAT.

Trustees appointed to locate a County-Seat-Robert Hanna's Settlement -They fix on Hanna's Town-Difference of Opinion as to the expe- diency of locating the County-Seat there Description of the Old Town-Opposition to its Location by the People of Pittsburgh-Cor- respondence on the Subject-Reports of the Trustees-Various Acts of Assembly relative thereto-Troubles at the Place in 1774-75 .... 61

CHAPTER XIII. THE BORDER TROUBLES OF 1774 BEGIN.

Virginia claims part of the Territory of Pennsylvania-Dunmore occu- pies Fort Pitt-The Claims of Virginia and Pennsylvania summarized -Virginia Colonists willing to fight for the Demands of Virginia- Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia-England's Colonial Policy-Vir- ginia's relation to the Ministry-Charges against Dunmore-His Character-Real Causes of Dunmore's or Cressap's War of 1774-How

the Tedlass regarded Western Virgtals-Joka Cuaestty-Bo tubes

-le cyposed by Poss's Magistrates-He returns with Authority from Denmers, cad appears with Simes Orty cado Robbio at Henesstowa -Refasse to allow the Jestises to bold Court-The Justles portes, sad hold Court to preserve erder unt the Lines are affasted ........

CHAPTER XIV.

CONWOLLT'S USURPATIONE, INDIAN ALARNA, Bra.

cssde Three of them le Irene Jete Virgiels-They are released by of Bargessss of Virgiale-Ivil Summer of 1776-Petitions from Becky Inhabitsats of Westmerelead to Governer Peas-Mesttag bold et Pittsburgh-The Association Aret formed -- Deveresz Smith's Letter to Dr. William Smith-dome acts of Connolly recited- Duamere cpses Ofloss for the Sale of Land in Pesmeyivaals Territory-No Issues a Proclamation to the People-St. Clair superintends the MIN- tary Arrangements-Touts repaired, and list of now coes crested- Rangers organised and posted at various Polate-Alarm of the La- habitante-Many Settlers crome book over the Mountains-They are arged to remmale by St. Clair and Others-People of Ligonler Volley gather near the Fort in fear of the Indians crossing the Otto-Jrom- ber and Lists of the Biggers of the Petitions to Governor Pres- Hempfeld Dutch and Pittsburgh Irish .. 8

CHAPTER XV. DUNMORE'S WAR.

Dunmore's War began by the Murder of come Friendly Indians, copee- felly Logan's Family-Virginian Army organtaed-Duamere et Pittsburgh with Connolly-Great Gathering and Organisation of the Indian Tribes-The Campaign of 1774-The Hopes of our People in Col. Lewis-Dunmore and Connolly want to see the Army defeated and the Indians on the Frontiere-Lewis gains the Battle of Polat Pleasant-Dunmore's Tresty-Indictment: The People vs. Danmote- Dunmore through Connolly still tyrannises over the Peagayivaats Settlers, many of whom talk of leaving their Clearings-Condition of the People in 1775-Leaders in Westmoreland in 1778-The Military Spirit ... 70

CHAPTER XVI.

WESTMORELAND'S DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 1776.

Congress and Ticonderoga-Westmoreland listening to the Guns at Lexington Common-Meeting held at Pittsburgh and at Hannestown, May 16, 1776-What they said at Pittsburgh-What they did at Han- nastown-Westmoreland's Declaration of Independence-Spirit of the Resolutions Adopted - who wrote them - Similarity between the Declaration and the Resolutions in Expression and in Sentiment-The Military idea of Resistance- Observations and Remarks on the Paper -Westmoreland's Great Glory-The Regiment of Associators .... 73

CHAPTER XVII.

THE AFFAIRS OF WESTMORELAND ON THE EVE OF THE REVO- LUTION.

Public Affairs- Connolly and Dunmore still Scheming-Connolly tries to carry the Pennsylvania and Virginia Officers for the King-His Plan to effect this, and to hold the West for Dunmore-Ecount Omnes -Boston Harbor closed-Call for a Meeting at the State-House, July 15, 1774-Hanna and Cavett as Deputies-William Thompson on the Committee of Safety-The Associatore-Edward Cook and James Perry Delegates to the Convention of 1776-Special Law allowing West- moreland Electors to vote for Members of the Convention-The County divided into Two Districts for this Election-One District North and one South of the Youghiogheny-Their Election Officers -Members returned to the Convention of 1776-All Male Inhabitants subject to Military Service, and required to take the Oath of Allegi- ance-Frame of Government for the State adopted-John Pi ctor elected first Councilor-Archibald Lochry, the first County ziou- tenant, succeeded by Cook and by Col. Campbell-Duties of the County Lieutenant-The West to take care of Itself-British Influence over the Indians-Hatred between the Indians and the Westerr. Virginia Settlers. 76

....

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CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XVIII. WESTMORELAND IN THE REVOLUTION.

First Battalion directed to be raised in Pennsylvania for the United Colo- nies-Capt. John Nelson's Company from Westmoreland-Ordered to Canada-Services of this Company-Second Pennsylvania Battalion under St. Clair-Capt. William Butler's Company, and Capt. Stephen Bayard's Company-History of the Services of this Battalion in the Expedition into Canada, and in the Retreat to Ticonderoga-The Third Pennsylvania Regiment formed out of Saint Clair's Battalion-Memo- rial of the Officers of the Third and Ninth Pennsylvania Regimente -- Sketob of Capt. James Chrystie, and of Thomas Butler -- Pennsylvania Bife Regiment-Its History-Capt. Joseph Erwin's Company-Their Gallant Services at Long Island-The Company Incorporated into other Commande-State Regiment of Foot-Capt. Carnahan-Capt. Scott's Company-The Second Pennsylvania Regimeot-Condition of the Western Frontiers at the Beginning of the Revolution-George Mor- gan, Indian Agent at Fort Pitt-Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment raised by Authority of Congress-Directed to be raised in Westmore- land and Bedford Counties-Seven Companies raised in Westmoreland -Its Officers-Mustered into Service for the Defense of the Frontiers -They receive Orders from the Board of War to join Washington -- Letter from Col. Mackay to President of the Board-Letter from Lieut .- Col. George Wilson to Col. James Wilson-They set out for New Jersey-Their Terrible March-Their Condition on their Arrival at Headquarters-Hon. T. Pickering's Mention of their Distressful Con- dition-Change in the Officers .of the Regiment-Return of June, 1777-Different Returns of 1777-Engagements of the Regiment- Their Losses and Casualties-Valley Forge-Regiment ordered to Pittsburgh in 1778-Col. Brodhead, with the Regiment, makes a de- tour up the West Branch-Remains of the Regiment stationed at Pittsburgh-Extracts from the Order-Book of the Regiment-Mor- gan's Rifle Regiment-Character and Object of the Organisation-Its Officers-Their Services at Saratoga-Col. Richard Butler second in command-Capt. Van Swearingen-First Lieut. Basil Prather-Second Leut. John Hardin-Anecdote of Van Swearingen-His Subsequent Career-Stony Point-Its Position and Importance-Washington de- termines to Capture it if possible-Confers with Gen. Wayne-Col. Richard Butler commands one of the Detachments who are detailed for this Service-They carry the Fort at the Point of the Bayonet- Arthur St. Clair's first Services in the Revolution-Biographical Sketches of Col. MEneas Mackay-Of Col. Stephen Bayard-Of Lieut .- Col. George Wilson-Of Col. Daniel Brodhead-The Fighting Butlers: Thomas, Br., Richard, William, Thomas, Jr., Percival-Other Mem- bers of the Butler Family-Anecdotes-Col. James Smith-Col. John Gibson ..... 81

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History of the County of Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, with Biographical Sketches of Many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men, Part 1

Author: George Dallas Albert, editor Publication date: Publisher: Number of Pages:

Author: George Dallas Albert, editor
Publication date:
Publisher:
Number of Pages: