USA > Pennsylvania > Westmoreland County > History of the County of Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, with Biographical Sketches of Many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men > Part 2
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CHAPTER XIX. BORDER WARFARE AND CIVIL DISSENSIONS.
Indians in 1776 and 1777-Effect of Savage Warfare on the Whites- White Renegades and Deserters : Girty, McKee, Elliott-Depravity of some Whites on the Frontier-Murder of Cornstalk-List of Com- mandants at Fort Pitt-McIntosh's Expedition from Fort Pitt to Besver-Brodhead's Expedition to Conewago-Other Expeditions from Western Pennsylvania and the West-Clark's Western Expedi- tion and his Westmorelanders-Dates of these Noted Expeditions- Nature of the Indian Warfare in the West-Border Settlement of Westmoreland most Exposed-The County during the Troublous Times divided, one part North and one part South of the Youghio- gheny-People along the Youghiogheny acknowledge no Law-Vir- ginia establishes 'three Counties in Southwestern Pennsylvania- Boundaries and County-seats of Monongalia, Ohio, and Yohogania Counties-Extracts from Yohogania County Records-Their first Elec- tion-Primitive Court-House and Jail-Curious Fines and Sentences- When their Jurisdiction ended-Boundaries run and Difficulties set- tied-Mason and Dixon's Line-Limits of the Actual Jurisdiction of Westmoreland County through the Revolutionary War-Date of the erection of other Counties which have beon stricken off from West- moreland 97
CHAPTER XX.
FORTS,. BLOCK-HOUSES, AND INCIDENTS OF WARFARE.
Reliance of Westmoreland in her Militia-Her means of defense-De- scription of the Early Stockades, Forts, Block-Houses-Block-Cabins and Stations-Fort Ligonier and Capt. Shannon and Col. McDowell- Hannastown Stockade-Fort Hand-Fort Reed-Fort Crawford-Fort
Shippen, at Capt. Proctor's-Fort Allen-Rugh's Block-House-Kep- ple's Block-House-Miller's Block-House and Station-Palmer's Block- House-Williams' Fort-Tort Waltour-Fort Wallace-Carnahan's Block-House-Barr's Block-House-Shields' Block-House-Miller's Fort on the Sewickley-McDowell's Block-House-Teague Island Fort -Incidente-The Francis Family killed near Waltour's-Attack on Waltour's Fort and death of the Old Man Waltour-The wounded Indian who killed Waltour comes to Fort Pitt-Has his wound dressed-Confesses that he shot Waltour-A Company from about Brush Creek go to the Garrison and demand him, that they may panish him themselves-He is given up to them-He is taken back to Waltour's Fort to be burned at the stake-While they are hunt- ing up a Sheriff and a Jury to hold a mock trial the Indian escapes- He is followed Ninety Miles, and when last heard of had taken to the Allegheny River-Finley's adventure at Fort Wallace ......... 102
CHAPTER XXI.
FORAYS AND ADVENTURES.
During the Early Part of the Revolutionary War-The Volunteers- Col. James Smith takes a Detachment up the Allegheny to French Creek or Venango-His Arrangement of the Men while on the March and in their Encampments-His Plan of Fighting the Indians -Brodhead's Expedition to Conewago and Brokenstraw-He cuts off a Party of Forty Indians on their way to the Westmoreland Set- tlements-Notice of Fort Armstrong, Kittanning-Brodhead sends Capt. Brady into the Seneca Country-Trouble between the Continen- tal Officers and the Militia Officers-Ranging Companies formed during the War by Direction of the State Officials-They are 8ta- tioned along the Rivers-Their Officers-Their Manner of Fighting- The Heroic Women of Early Westmoreland : Experience Bosarth, Massy Harbison, Mrs. Margaret Oliver, Mrs. Matthew Jack ........ 107
CHAPTER XXII.
LOWER LIGONIER VALLEY DURING THE REVOLUTION.
Ligonier Valley a Favorite Ground for the Indians, and the First Stop- ping-Place of the Whites-Privations of the Early Settlers along the Four-Mile Run, Mill Creek, the Old Road, and Indian Creek-Murder of the Campbell Family, and Captivity of Robert Campbell (with curious anecdotes)-He is sold to a British Officer-He is exchanged -Killing of the Old Man Harman and three of his Neighbors-James Tlack taken Prisoner-Escapes from Montreal, and comes through the Wilderness by means of a Compass-Charles Clifford taken by In- dians in Ambush-His Account of the Manners, Habita, and Ways of Living of the Northern Indians-His Master cures him of a Hurt Toot-Peter Maharg taken by the Same Party-Is made to Run the Gauntlet-Clifford taken to Montreal-Is Exchanged after having been with the Indians nearly Three Years-Comes to the Valley, and Dies at Home-James Clifford and his two Dogs, " Whig" and " Tory" -His adventure with the Indian, whom he shoots-Indians lying in wait attack a Party of Five who go to the Fields back of the Fort --- They kill Miss Means, Young Means, and Young Reed-Col. Mc- Dowell escapes with Miss Reed on his Horse into the Fort-The Bodies of the Others buried by the People of the Fort. 111
CHAPTER XXIII.
UPPER LIGONIER VALLEY DURING THE REVOLUTION.
The Upper Part of Ligonier Valley-Remains of the Old Indian Fort- The Early Settlers here: the Harmans, Gays, and others-Williams' Block-House the Place of Refuge for these Early Settlers-Different Murders and Captures in this Region-Indians capture Andrew and John Harman along the Four-Mile Run-They kill one of a Neigh- bor's Horses and take Another-They watch the Cabinand hear the Mother calling the Boys-Carry the Boys towards the North-John Dies-After trying to freeze Andy to Death, and Failing in other ways to kill Him, he at last is trained up with a Chief's Son-He is adopted by that Tribe, the Senecas-Lives with them some Years -Is parted with for a Bottle of Rum to an English Officer-Taken to London as a Servant-After the Peace in 1783 comes Home, after they had long thought him Dead-His Account of their Ways of Farming, of Hunting, and of Fighting, with several Anecdotes of his relating -Capture of Jacob Nicely by the Cornplanters-He is raised and adopted by them-Marries a Sor qu and Dies among them-His 115
Father visits him before his Death
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CHAPTER XXIV. CAPTAIN BRADY AND HIS EXPLOITE.
Capt. Samsel Brady, the Hero of Western Pessayivaain, io stationed et Pittsburgh in Col. Brodhead's Regiment-When bis Family lo murdered he swears to wage a War'against the Indians long ce he lives-Ho le , cont to Sandusky to get Information for the Commander-in-Chief-Ho gets within sight of the Town and watches the Indianeall Day-On ble way back be kille a Warrior, and saves Jeany Stupes and her Child i -His Companion, the Dutchman Phosts, and bis pet Delaware-Ho and the Dutchman go up the Allegheny to get some News-They follow an Indian Trail-They capture an old Indian who tries to kill Phosts, but who is killed by him-Brady an Captain of the Rangers-Battle of Brady's Bred-Brady kille the Bald Eagle, who bad killed his Relatives-Brady watches in the French Creek Cous- try-He and his Men pursue a Returning Party of Indiane-Brady's Leap -- He follows up a Party which had entered the Sewickley Set- tlement-His Mes attack . Party of Warriors and rout them-His Adventures with Wetsel and the Spies after the General War, as well as all others which have been substantiated or corroborated by Con- current Accounts. 118
CHAPTER XXV. LOCHRY's EXPEDITION.
The Settlements in 1779 and 1780-Ferocity of the Savages, and Do- pravity of's Class of Whites-Some Whites from about Hannestowa kill Friendly Indiane-Kirkpatrick's Cabin attacked by Indiana, and there- in of the Custom ot wiming Scalpe-Brodhead ordered to send a De- tachment under Maj. Craig frum Fort Pitt to reinforce Gen. Clark- Clark's Plan of a Western Campaign-Westmoreland requested to co- operate with Him-Bickerings and Jealousies among the Leaders of the County-Col. Lochry, as County Lieutenant, under Instructions from the Council, raises a force of Volunteers to join with Clark-The Dimculties under which Lochry labored-Clark's Letter to the Officers of Westmoreland, disclosing his Plan of Campaign-Lochry's Friends volunteer-They rendezvous at Carnahan's Block-House-They pro- ceed down the River after Clark to unite with him at Wheeling- Lochry's last Letter-Arriving at Wheeling (Fort Henry), Lochry Inds that Clark had gone on down the River-Ho prepares Boats to follow-Goes to the Mouth of the Kanawha-Capt. Shannon went for- ward with a Letter to Clark-He and his Men are captured-The In- diane place them on an Island as a Decoy for the other Whites- Lochry's Mon land some distance above the Island-Upon landing they are attacked by a large Force of Indiane and entirely cut off-Me- morisi of Two of the Prisoners who were exchanged-Capt. Orr, and his Account of this Expedition-Lieut. Samuel Craig's Narrative of his Captivity-Now Volunteers called out towards the end of the Year 1781. 124
CHAPTER XXVI. CRAWFORD'S EXPEDITION TO SANDUSKY.
The Moravian Indiane-Their Christian Character aud their Former History-Their Efforts at Peace-Making between the Whites and War- ring Indians-Description of their Villages-Their Unfavorable Loca- tion-They are blamed with harboring Hostile Indians-The Whites of the Southwestern Part of Pennsylvania are Instigated to Disperse them-They raise a Force of Volunteers for that Purpose-Col. David Williamson in command-Their Route of March-They come upon the Indians by surprise-Represent themselves as Friends-Get poe- session of their Villages, and begin the destruction of the Houses, and the murder of the Men, Women, and Children-They are taken out, one after another, and with Clubs, Mallets, and Hatchets mur- dered while they supplicate for mercy-Their Bodies are then burned -Col. Crawford's Expedition later in 1782 to the Sandusky Towns- He is defeated and his Force scattered-He is taken Prisoner and burned at the Stake-Escape of Dr. Knight. 131
CHAPTER XXVII. CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE IN 1780-81.
Westmoreland County in the Latter Part of the Revolution-Evidences from the Court Records and from Acts of Assembly-The Militia shifted from Place to Place in expectation of Indian Attacks-The Outposts west of Fort Pitt abandoned-Extracts from the Correspond- ence of Brodhead, Irvine, and Others bearing on the Affairs of the County .. 135
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CHAPTER XXVIII.
DESTRUCTION OF HANKASTOWN.
Spring of 1783-The Outpeste deserted-Condition of the Moonester Settlement-The People gather near to the Ratless and work of Her- rest together-A Party go out to take off the Harrows of Miabad Hefnagle, north of Hessestowe-One of the Reagera, costing Indians watching from behind Trees, gives the Alarm, and they flee towerde the Font-The Court et Reenestown afjearse withent : Orier- Records takes to the Fort-General Jail Delivery-They all other Into the Blockade-Booste cont cat-Brisen and Show puroned by the Indiane-Capt. Matthew Jack comes upon the Indians and cscopes from them-He rides round the Country and alarms the People-Bo asves the Love Family-Indians come to the Town-They bold a Cee- ouitation, sad are coco to here White Men fur Commesders, who are dressed like Indiane -- They plander the Houses, fre on the Stockade, and mock as the Inmates-They send out a Party towards Miller's Station-The People gather at Allen's, at Rechts, at Ualty-Bottlers Father into the Houses and get down their Rides-Indians come ca to the Mowers in the Meadow at Miller's-The Number and Glass of Por- con collected there-Women and Children gather into the Miller House- Jobs Brownlee called back from attacking the Indians by bis Wife-Gives himself up to the Indiane-A Young Man takes Brownlee's Child and rune towards George's-Is parqued by a Pack of Indiane and hides in a Bye-Field-Singular Escape of a Babe loft ca the Ground at the Mercy of the Savages-Bbe le found Sleeping in her own Cut the next Morning-She lives to be Married, and dies la Old Age-The Housse at Hannestowa berat down-Captain Jack le too late to alarm the People at Miller's-The Renegades secure the Ia- mates of the House-They bare the Houses and shoot down the Castle -Tie the Hands of the Prisoners and loed them with Stolen Goeds -Drive the Weeping Women inte Captivity-Brownlee carries . Leed on his back and has bis Little Child on his neck-The Indians resog- nise Brownlee-One crashes a Tomahawk Into his Head sad kille his Little Boy, and also a Woman who faints-Affairs about the Fort- Peggy Shaw caves a Little Child-A Ball strikes her in the Breast- The barbarous Medical Treatment che receives while she lingers out her Life-The Two Bodies of Indiane unite and go into Camp in the Crabtree Bottom-People collect at the George Farm-At Nightfil s Crowd with Scouts go Armed to sesist those in the Fort-They come to the 8mouldering Town-Are let into the Stockade and Sound aa Alarm-The Indians, listening, are scared, thinking Reinforcements have arrived, and after Midnight they leave for the North-Their Route-They are pursued as far as the Kiskiminetas-The People look out on Deserted Homes-They bury the Dead where they were found -To keep them from Starving the State allows them to draw Rations -What became of the Prisoners -- Who the Invaders were and where they came from-Gen. Irvine's Letter to Washington-Singular Ac- count from an Indian after the War of the Party which burnt Has- nastown-The Heroes of the " HanDastown War"-The Town after Its Destruction. ....... 138
CHAPTER XXIX.
LAST DAYS OF HANNASTOWN-EXECUTION OF MAMACHTAGA. End of the Revolution-Formation of new Counties, Washington and Fayette-New State Project-Who were at the head of it-Causes of its Inception-Ite Prospective Limits-It fails-Act of Congress rela- tive thereto-1783-84-The Last Days of Hannastown-Trial of Mamachtaga, an Indian, for Murder-And also of some other Prison- ers at the same Court-He is defended by Brackenridge-The Indian's Deportment-His Opinion of the Court-His Trial-Is found Guilty of Murder, and wishes to be Shot Instead of Hanged-The Prisoners in the Jail want him to kill another Prisoner under Sentence of Death- He refuses to do so-The Jailer's Child takes Sick, when Mamachtaga goes out and gets Herbs to cure it-He returns to the Jail, and goes into Voluntary Confinement-The Day of the Execution arrives-A great Crowd of People assemble-The White Man hung, and then Mamachtaga hung-He dies like a Warrior, after having first painted himself for the Occasion. 148
CHAPTER XXX.
THE PIONEERS-THEIR HOUSES, FURNITURE, ETC.
The Pioneers-How the Early Settlers came in-Their Object in Emi- grating and in Removing-First Settlers near the Forts-How they Built their Houses-House-Raisings-Appearance of their Cabins out- side-How they were Furnished-Home-Made Furniture-Description
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of Ancient Hannastown-The First Frame and Stone Houses in differ- ent parts of the County-Dr. Schoepf's visit to Western Pennsylvania after the War. 150
CHAPTER XXXI. PRIMITIVE HOUSEKEEPING AND FARMING.
How to commence Housekeeping -Split-Brooms and Gourds- The Spinning-Wheel and Cradle -- The Cook-Loft and Stable-Clearing the Forest- Getting to Farming-Resorts and Devices of the Farmer- Wheat Lands-Common Crops- Gardening-Rye Cofhe-Mrs. St. Clair's Tea-Parties-The Raising of Flax, and a Description of the Process of its Manufacture-Spinning-Tow in Poetry and in Law -- Wool-Carding-The First Carding-Machines-The old case of Mo- Ginnis versus Giger, in the matter of wrongly Dyeing the Lineey- Woolsey-Drees of the Common People, Going to Church-Nineteen Grooms married in one Blue Coat at different times-Dress of the Fashionable People-Calico .............. 15
CHAPTER XXXII. BEARS, DEER, WOLVES, STO.
Fruits and Berries-Game-Maple-Sugar and Molasses-Depredations of the Bears-How they were trapped and killed-Mitchell shoots& Bear on . Banday-Wolves, and Adventures with them-Moorhead and Kelly-Christian Shockey attacked at Night by Wolves, olimbs a Tree and awaits till Morning-Premium for Wolf-Scalpe-Deer-Hunting- Venison used instead of Beef-Squirrels-Birds and Wild Fowl-Pests of the Farmer-Game Laws, and Premiums offered by Law at Different Times for destroying Animals and Birds-Farming the Chief Depend- ence and Occupation of the People-How Farming in General wes carried on .... 163
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CHAPTER XXXIII. SALT, WHISKEY, EARLY MILLS, AND FURNACES.
Some of their Chief Wants-Salt-First brought from the East, then from Big Beaver, Kentucky, Onondaga-Prices-Methods of bringing it over the Mountains-Its Discovery on the Sewickley and on the Conemaugh-Process of its First Manufacture-Reduction in Price -- Scarceness of Money-The Rates as fixed by some of the Early Courts -Prices of other Commodities-Cheapness of Land-Paying their Preachers and Taxes-Rates allowed per Bushel for Wheat, Bye, and Oste-Whiskey-Stills-Manufacture of Whiskey-What they kept in their Stores or Shops-Manner of doing Business-Whiskey the Me- dium of Exchange-Its Universal Use-Exported and Imported-Tub and Grist-Mills-List of First Mills in the County-Iron -- Turnbull & Marmie's Foundry and Furnace-The Westmoreland Furnace- Gen. St. Clair builds Hermitage Furnace-Mount Hope and Bows Furnaces-John Henry Hopkins-The Baldwin Furnace-Other For- naces-Axe and Nail Manufacture, etc ..... 166
CHAPTER XXXIV.
PRIMITIVE ROADS AND METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION.
Something on Roads in Great Britain, and of Indian Trails in America- Knowledge displayed by the Indians in their Selection of Routes -- Their Manner of Traveling-Of their Trails East and West,, North and South-The Routes of the First Whites westward of the Moun- tains-Indian Remains along these Routes in Westmoreland, and Me- morials of their Presence in Names of Streams, Hills, etc .- Nemaco- lin's Path-The Catawba War Trail-The Kittanning and Juniata Paths-The different Termini of the Aboriginal Paths-Of the Indian Villages and Abiding-Places here-The Ohio Company's Road-Brad- dock's Bond-Burd's Road-The National Road-Forbes' Road-Old State Road-Chartered Turnpike-Old Military Roads-Method of Transportation used in the Armies-Want of Roads to the First Set- tiere-First Road Petitions, 1778-Difficulty in getting to Mill-Im- portance of keeping the Public Roads in Repair-Manner of Travel and Method of transporting Merchandise on these Roads-Pack- Horses and Pack-Saddles-What a Pack-Saddle is -- Rates for carrying -Remarks on one of the " Lost Arts"-How they went to War, to the Assembly, to the East for Goods, and a-Courting .... 176 ...
CHAPTER XXXV.
TURNPIKES CONESTOGA WAGONS-PIONEER INNS.
The State assists in making Roads-The Old Pennsylvania State Road- Its Course through the County-The Villages built along it-Cones- toga Wagons and Hacks-First Load of Merchandise hauled across
the Mountains-How long they were in bringing it-Cost of carrying -First Malls froen Pittsburgh East and West-How Papers and the Mails were delivered --- First Carriages and Carioles-The Pleasure of Traveling in these Contrivances-The Felgar Road-The Joner Mitt Road-The Harrisburg and Pittsburgh Turnpike Company Their- porated-The Northern Turnpike-The State appropriates Moagy to the Southern Route-Progress of the Undertaking-Its coingledati Public-Houses-Their Great Number along the Turapikes and fi the Villages-They become Famous in their way-The Old Chees of Inn- keepers-The Good Cheer and the Solid Comforts they cokred Trar- dere-Homser gives some Histe as to their Migas-The Bosptro de- parted from Israel-Regrets of a Certain Chees that Raftroads here ever been built .....
CHAPTER XXXVL. THE LAST OF THE BORDER COMMOTIONS.
Now Boundaries of the Purchase of 1784-Emigration of Westmore- landers-Harmar's Campaign-His Defeat-St. Clair, Governor of the North west Territory-His Campaign and Defest-Ladinas attack Tron- tier Settlers of Pennsylvania-Condition and Extent of the Frontier of Westmoreland and Allegheny-Unprepared state of the Inhetts- ante-Westmoreland Militia-The Prominent Men of that Period- The State organises Bife Ranges-Appropriations for the Western Counties by Act of Assembly-Government of the United States called on for help-It responds and enlists Mon-Correspondence from and between Officers and Military Men relative to the state of Aftira, and giving Statements at length of Indian Depredations-Particular Inci- dents-Capture of Charles Mitchell, murder of his Mother, and an account of his Captivity with the Coraplanters-The Episode of Capt. Sloan, Wallace, Hunt, and Knott, in their Tour of Observation in the Western County-Sloan in command of Fort Hamilton-His able and successful Defense of that Post-Presque Isle-The laying out of the Town and of the Road along the Allegheny River resisted by the Indians at the instance of the British in Canada-The State takes Active Measures to enforce the Laws-Militia called out from West- moreland and the other Counties for this Service-Last of the Indian Troubles in Westmoreland ... 187
CHAPTER XXXVII. THE WHISKEY INSURRECTION.
Exoise-Hatred of the Scotch and Irish for the Law-Inequality of the Tax-Effort made by the State to Collect the State Excise in 1785- " The Devil" comes for Collector Graham at Greensburg -Act of Congress levying . Tax on Distilled Spirits-Regulations made for its Collection-First Meeting in Opposition to the Law-Johnson, the Collector for Allegheny and Washington, tarred and feathered-No Place for Officers to be bad in Westmoreland and Washington in 1793 -Office opened at Greensburg and abandoned-Meeting held at Pitts- burgh in 1792-President Washington issues a Proclamation -- Wolls, Collector for Fayette and Westmoreland, attacked in his House-Ho opens an Office in Philip Reagan's House in 1794-His Son and Reagan fortify the Premises-They are besieged by a Large Party-They capit- ulate-Capt. Webster, Excise Officer for Somerset, taken and com- pelled to give up his Commission-Government Officers serve Process upon Delinquent Distillers-Neville and the Marshal driven away after serving the Writ on one Miller, near Peters Creek-A Party de- mand the surrender of Neville's Papers-Neville's House defended by . Party of United States Soldiers, who Fire upon the Mob-Their Commander, Macfarlane, is killed-The Excitementincreases-Gather- ing of the Rabble and Militia at Braddock's Field-They want to attack and burn out the Government Officers and the Friends of Law-Brack- enridge prevails upon them to cross the River-The next Day they disperse-Volunteers and Regulars called out by the President-Com- missioners appointed to go to the Scene of the Trouble-The Army at Carlisle-Commissioners appointed by the Delegates at Parkinson's Ferry confer with the President-Commissioners on both sides hold a Conference-Committees meet at Redstone-The Committee pass a re- solve to take the sense of the People on the question of submission to the Laws upon the Terms proposed by the United States Commis- sioners-The Returns Unsatisfactory-The President orders the Army over the Mountains-Change in the Sentiments of the People-Meet- ings held all over the Country-Report of the Meeting held at Greens- burg-Resolutions-The People subscribe anew to the Tests-The Army withdrawn-Trial of the Offend Efects of the Insurrection on Westmoreland-Biographical Sket
of Participants and Docu-
ments bearing on the Ingarrection ..
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CHAPTER XXXVIII. WILLIAN THEDUST.
Willem Findlay, the First Member of Congress from Westweerstand- Elle Colleague in the Cotasstasien to the President of the United States at the Time of the Whiskey Insurrection, David Redisk-His Account of bie Barly Lift cod Me Metlives in settling in Pesneyivents-Bis let- themeat in the Octorare Settlement and bte Morte to remove the Ob#- potions of the Scotch Coromentors in Mettere Civil-Wis Sarty Adrie- tages-His Optaloss co Slavery-Bested Member of the Assembly, of the Cemsoll of Osasco, Member of the Constitutional Convention of 1700, and Member of Congress-"Modern Chivalry" cad Findley Carjestured- His Views co the Federal Constitution-1+ Answer to Bov. Samsel B. Wylle's Strictarse co the Ameriene Constitutione- Hle Account of the Publication cad Matemscale of his " History of the Insurrection"-Antagonlem of Breckenridge and Findley- Their Po- Htioal Oppoattion and Personal Dislikes of cash ciber-Fladlay's Com- tributions to the Register-Wie Shrewdnow and Sageatty as a Folk- thelas-Debessmsent of the Politics of thes Day-Instances of Personal and Party Abuse-Other work of Fladley-His Industry-His Best- denos-Its Location-His Death and Grave-Ils Appearance cad Dress-His Neighbors-His Family-His IdeatiBestiou with the White- Itay Lssurrection, cad the important part be acted la it ... ........... 307
CHAPTER XXXIX. ARTHUR ST. CLAIR.
Mativity and Dirth-History of bis Family in Scotland-Is sent to Col- lege, and thence to London to study Medicine-Enters the British Army es an Ensign-Comes to America in the French and Indian War -Serves under Wolfe in Canada-Marries in Boston-Appears fa Western Pennsylvania-Commands at Fort Ligonier-Appointed to Odce in Bedford County under the Proprietary Government and in Westmoreland County-Takes an active part in the Border Troubles with Virginia, and in Dunmore's War-Agent of the Penne-Accom- panies the Congressional Committee to Fort Pitt, 1775-Resolutione of May 16, 1775, at Hannastowu-The Associators-Plan to go against Detroit-Takes part with the Colonies in the Revolutionary War-Ap- pointed and Commissioned Colonel in Pennsylvania Service-Sent to Canada-At Three Rivers-Services in Canada-Joins Washington -His Services in the Jersey Campaign of 1776-Is sent to Command at Ticonderoga-Campaign of 1777-Burgoyne's Advance Surrender of Ticonderoga-Court of Inquiry-St. Clair at Yorktown-And with Greene-Enters Civil Life-Member of the Council of Censors- Member of Continental Congress-Elected its President-Erection and Organisation of the Northwestern Territory-Appointed its Gov- ernor-Enters upon his Duties as Governor-Indian War-Made Ma- jor-General and Commander-in-Chief of the American Army-Expe- dition against the Miami Indians-Account of the Battle and Defest -His Politice-His Duties as Governor-Is Removed from Office-Re- turns to Ligonier Valley-His Residence-His Financial Embarrass- ment-Its Causes-Treatment of the Government in regard to these Claims --- Is sold out by the Sheriff-Removes from bis Home-His Last Days-His Death, Funeral, and Monument" Chattering over his
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