USA > Pennsylvania > Allegheny County > Braddock > The unwritten history of Braddock's Field (Pennsylvania) > Part 1
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الوس
بالمـ
Gc 974.802 B71b 1667586
M. L
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
L
GC
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02230 2183
THE UNWRITTEN HISTORY
OF
BRADDOCK'S FIELD (PENNSYLVANIA)
- PREPARED BY THE HISTORY COMMITTEE UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OF GEO. H. LAMB, A. M.,
FOR
THE CELEBRATION
OF
THE GOLDEN JUBILEE OF BRADDOCK THE SILVER JUBILEE OF RANKIN
AND
THE ONE-HUNDRED-SEVENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FIRST WHITE SETTLEMENT WEST OF THE ALLEGHANIES
1917
F854068.1
1
1067586
COPYRIGHTED 1917, BY GEORGE H. LAMB, BRADDOCK, PA.
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/unwrittenhistory00brad_0
PREFACE.
Early in January, 1917, a meeting of the business men of Braddock was called to discuss the project of celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the incorporation of the borough, which event occurred June 8, 1867. It soon developed that this year was also the twenty-fifth anniversary of the incorporation of Rankin borough. It was then suggested that as the first white settlement west of the Alleghanies was made on ground now within the borough limits of North Braddock on or about 1742, the celebration should include the one-hundred-seventy-fifth anniversary of this settle- ment. Accordingly it was resolved to hold a celebration in commemora- tion of "The Golden Jubilee of Braddock, the Silver Jubilee of Rankin, and the one-hundred-seventy-fifth anniversary of the First White Settlement West of the Alleghanies".
The celebration was at once placed in the hands of an Executive Committee, consisting of Chas. E. Dinkey, Chairman; A. P. Roderus, H. B. Miller, Dr. F. K. Whitfield, J. Knox Milligan, H. R. Hunter, L. F. Holtz- man, Esq., Wm. J. Dixon, Leo. A. Katz, E. D. Nugent, F. G. Bishoff, W. H. Sullivan, W. J. McBeth.
The Finance Committee consisted of Chas. E. Dinkey, Chairman ; A. P. Roderus, L. A. Katz, L. F. Holtzman, A. M. Scott, Chas. J. Carr. Other committees with their chairman in each instance were :-
Program, F. F. Slick, Invitation, Geo. C. Watt,
Printing and Advertising, W. A. Kulp Music, Thos. E. O'Connor Decorations, Leo A. Katz
Parudes, Wm. J. Dixon Museum, John G. Kelly
Memorial Services, John F. Lewis
Children's Festival, Prof. F. C. Steltz Pageant, Prof. W. E. Albig Concessions, Geo. W. Kutscher
Information Bureau, Dr. F. K. Whitfield Mardi Gras, Jas. L. Quinn
Firemen, E. N. Patterson Airship Exhibition, E. H. Broden
Pioneer's Camp Fire, H. C. Shallenberger Banquet, W. H. Sullivan
History, Geo. H. Lamb Hospital Corps, Dr. A. W. Schooley
Awards, Hon. M. Clyde Kelly Railroads and Transportation, Chas. B. Guttridge Reception, H. J. Learn Municipal Affairs, J. J. Keller
Pageant Costuming, Mrs. J. W. Hanna Fire Works, W. H. Sharah
Sports, Thayer M. Torreyson
4
THE UNWRITTEN HISTORY OF BRADDOCK'S FIELD.
All the committees were well organized, and the finance committee had its work nearly completed by the middle of April. The history com- mittee likewise had its work well in hand. At a meeting of the executive committee, together with the chairmen of some of the committees that had been doing the preliminary work for the celebration, it was resolved to postpone the celebration for one year, because the United States had been drawn into the world war. At the same meeting it was deemed best that the History committee should continue their work of preparing the Un- written History of Braddock's Field, and should proceed to erect four his- toric tablets as planned.
The story of Monongahela and Braddock of Old has been told many, many times. The new Braddock has been so busy doing the big things that no one has had time to pause in the onward rush to tell of it.
This modest volume, written in commemoration of fifty years of Braddock history and twenty-five years of Rankin history, and to connect up the modern with the ancient, even back to the first white settlement on the ground a century and three quarters ago, deals chiefly with the recent life achievements of this community. The number of old residents who have helped in its compilation, and have contributed from their memory and experience to the information gathered is too numerous to receive per- sonal mention here, but their assistance has been invaluable and will merit and receive the thanks of many who are to come after them.
A member of the history committee has been assigned to each chap- ter and each is responsible for what appears under his name.
The editor of this work desires to acknowledge the very valuable assistance of his associate editors, Mr. W. J. Aiken and Mr. Hugh P. Meese. GEO. H. LAMB,
Editor-in-chief.
Braddock, Pa. July, 1917.
BRADDOCK OF LONG AGO.
INTRODUCTION.
BY GEO. H. LAMB.
Braddock's Field is one of the very important localities in American history. There are few places and few incidents that may be termed pivotal, perhaps not more than seven in the whole range of United States history. To illustrate: The settlement at Jamestown and the landing of the Pilgrims on Plymouth Rock were both pivotal, because each was the representative of a phase of civilization that was destined to wield a mighty influence for centuries, finally terminating in civil war. On the other hand, the settlement of any and all other colonies was not pivotal, because no one was representative of a distinct idea separate from the others and big enough to color all subsequent history.
Each of the pivotal events is associated with a definite place, and merely to indicate the location is to call up in memory the mighty force exerted by the incident that occurred there. Chronologically these events associated with their localities are :- Jamestown, Plymouth Rock, Brad- dock's Field, Lexington, Independence Hall, Saratoga, Gettysburg.
Some students of history may choose to add one or two events to this list, though it is doubtful if any other place can substantiate its claim. But no one will deny the word pivotal to each of the places named.
For present purposes interest is centered on the third of the locali- ties mentioned, Braddock's Field. If authority were needed to demon- strate the merits of this place to such recognition it is right at hand. Park- man quotes Voltaire as saying, "Such was the complication of political in- terests, that a cannon-shot fired in America could give the signal that set Europe in a blaze." Parkman adds this comment. "Not quite. It was not a cannon-shot, but a volley from the hunting-pieces of a few back-woods- men, commanded by a Virginia youth, George Washington."
Thus Voltaire makes the Battle of the Monongahela a pivotal point not of American history alone, but of world history. While Parkman sees in the battle not merely the war which ensued between France and Eng- land, known in America as the French and Indian war, but looking beyond this mighty struggle, he sees the independence of the English colonies and the upspringing of a mighty nation.
And Parkman gets the right perspective. For on that memorable July 9, 1755, the colonists made two discoveries that were destined to play a strong part in the shaping of future events. One was, that the coloni- al militia were not inferior in any sense, on their own ground, to the trained British soldiery. The other was that on that day they discovered their
8
THE UNWRITTEN HISTORY OF BRADDOCK'S FIELD.
native born leader; and from that hour, George Washington was a marked man-a man of destiny, and the colonists knew it.
But the territory formerly known as Braddock's Field, now com- prised in the boroughs of Braddock, North Braddock, and Rankin, has other claims to historic eminence, besides the Battle of the Monongahela, commonly called Braddock's Defeat. Here, on the banks of the Monon- gahela just below the mouth of Turtle Creek, stood John Frazier's cabin. Whether we consider the statement of Governor Dinwiddie, which fixes the date of the building of this cabin at 1742 or earlier, or accept a later date as some records seem to indicate, the fact is incontestible that Fraz- ier was the first white settler anywhere in this region, west of the Alle- ghanies. The French made settlements at about this time on the shores of the lakes as far west as Detroit and Michilimackinac, but John Frazier was the first white man to build a cabin in the Monongahela valley.
Braddock's Field again came into prominence at the time of the Whiskey Insurrection. On Friday, August 1, 1794, there were gathered on this field men from the four western counties of Pennsylvania to the number of eight thousand. These were the men who believed that the new internal revenue tax on whiskey was aimed at their chief industry and amounted to confiscation of their property. After a demonstration of their strength in and by this assembly they returned quietly to their homes and later yielded peaceably to the government's demands.
Again, in 1825, when the Marquis de La Fayette, who had as- sisted the colonists in gaining their Independence, made his return visit to this country as the "Guest of the Nation," after an absence of nearly a half century, he was entertained here for one night, May 28, 1825, in the home of Mr. George Wallace. This house, later used for a young ladies' seminary, is in a good state of preservation and bids fair to stand for another century. It is now occupied by Mrs. Allen Kirkpatrick, a daughter of Mr. Geo. H. Bell, who acquired it from the Wallaces nearly eighty years ago.
During the dark days of the Rebellion, Braddock's Field was again brought into public notice by the location here of Camp Copeland, a re- cruiting and training station for new enlistments.
The exact location of the Battle of Monongahela has been a matter of some controversy. The site of Frazier's cabin is definitely known. The spot where Braddock's army crossed the Monongahela is likewise clear beyond the shadow of a doubt. But the controversy has raged over the question of how far up the hill side the army advanced. The
THE FOLLOWING SOIES ARE TAKEN
86LES MILLS FROM
THE DISPOSITION OF TROOPS
WHEN FAL ALT CA
A- T.S. TROOPS - FRENCH AND INDIANS
. CANNON AND HOWITZENS. WAGGONS, CANTS AND TUMBAILS I CATTLE AND PACKHONLES - A FRENCH AND INDIANS
D ADVANCED CANTE LT COL CALL- ENDINGPUTTY NO IHOY SLAM F. TWO FLISALLES G MAGGIONS WITH ONDES AND TOOLS
H-HEAR GUARD OF ASLANCES PARTY !
4At MORAL
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N MAIN BODY OF FLANKS OF CONTOY
.: FIELD PIECE
P . MLAR GUANDS Q FLANK GUARDS F HOLLOW WAY
5 . TILL FROM WHICH INDIANS DIO MOST OF THE EXECUTION
PA
NOTE THIS MAP CORRESPONDS TO MACKELLARS MAP NO1
000 FT -TINCH
COMTOLOS AME APPUOS MATE
FED 3 .909
SHEET .. 'I
NOR
- ATTSBURGH
OTKEL CO
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RANKIN
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104AM
RIVER
CILNEATED BY THOMAS F GRAHAM AND LA PARK
PLAY OF THE BORCUGES OF BRADDOCK AND NORTH BRACCOCH PENNSYLVANIA, SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE FIELD OF BATTLE CF JULY 52.755
THE LOCATION OF BATTLE FELD ANDROAD SHOWN HERE - BASED ON A STUDY OF THE GROUND IN CONNECTION WITH THE THE + APS WASEEN OAT MALKELLAR ENGINEER AM BRA505.19 1901 AVE THE PAN FROM MIYSORS NARRATIVE AND ER TICAL HISTORY. VOLUMES PAGE 450 AND
THE CHIPSINTE MEG NOLESS COS ORDDERTY MAP OF 1873 SHOWING CONTOURS OF THE BOTTOM LAND IN THE VE V TY OF THE ROAD LOCATED OF SYDNEY D.LEON CHIEF ENGINEER CARNEGIE STEEL COS EDGAR THOMSON WORMS
PAT MACHELLAN- INGE
EAST PITTSBURG
R-O
COLAR THOMSON WORKS
70
B
BOROUGH
- TO PITTSBURGH
MONONGAHELA
B
PLAN OF THE BOROUGHS OF BRADDOCK AND NORTH BRADDOCK, PENNSYLVANIA. SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE FIELD OF BATTLE OF JULY 94 1755.
-
THE FOLLOWING NOTES ARE TAKEN FROM MACHELLARS MAP NO 2 ENTITLED -
1
A SKETCH OF THE FIELD OF BATTLE SHOWING THE DISPOSITION OF THE TROOPS ABOUT 2 O'CLOCK WHEN THE WHOLE OF THE MAIN BODY HAD JOINED THE ADVANCED AND WORKING PARTYS THEN BEAT BACK FROM THE GROUND THEY OCCUPIED AS IN PLAN NA
A FRENCH AND INDIANS SKULKING BEHIND THEES, ROUND THE BRITISH
B . TWO FIELD PIECES OF ADVANCED PARTY ABANDONED CDE H K. M N.Q. THE WHOLE BODY OF BRITISH JOINED WITH LITTLE OR NO ORDER. OUT ENDEAVOURING TO MAKE FRONTS TOWARDS YI ENEMIES FIRE 1. THE THREE FIELD PIECES OF THE MAIN DUDY P. BEAR LUARD DIVIDED( ROUND HEAR OF CONVOY NOW CLOOLOUP) SCHIND TREES HAVING BEEN ATTACHED BY A FEW INDIAN'S
NB THE DISPOSITION ON BOTH SIDES CONTINUED ABOUT TWO HOURS NEARLY A HERE REPRESENTED THE BRITISH ENDEAVOURING TO RECOVER THE GUNB (D)
AND TO GAIN THE MILL (S) TO NO PURPOSE THE BRITISH WERE AT LENGTH BEAT FROM THE GUN'S (1) THE GENERAL WAS WOUNDED SOON AFTER . THEY WERE AT LAST BEAT ACROSS THE HOLLOW WAY (R) NOMADE NO FURTHER STAND THE RETREAT WASFULL OF CONFUSION AND HURRY, BUT AFTER A FEW MILES THERE WAS A BODY GOT TO RALLY
SCALE GOOFT TO LINCH CONTOURS ARE APPROXIMATE
(SIGMED) PAT MACHELLAR - ENGR
FLO X 1909
MONONGAHELA
F
SHEET Nº 2
TO
Co
A
RANKIN
-BOROUGH
BOROUGH
BRADDO
CK
044
A
TO PITTSBURGH
-
MONONGAHELA
RIVER
DELINEATED BY THOMAS . GRAHAM AND L H.PARK
BOROUGH OF
EAST PITTSBURGH.
51224
0
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A
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2
THE LOCATION OF BATTLE FIELD AND ROAD SHOWN HERE IS BASED ON A STUDY OF THE GROUND IN CONNECTION WITH THE TWO MAPS MADE BY PAT MACKELLAR, ENGINEER WITH BRADDOCK'S ARMY AND THE PLAN FROM WINSOR'S 'NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY," VOLUME 5. PAGE 499, AND THE CARNEGIE, MCCANDLESS CO'S PROPERTY MAP OF 1873 SHOWING CONTOURS OF THE BOTTOM LAND IN THE VICINITY OF THE ROAD. LOCATED BY SYDNEY OILLON, CHIEF ENGINEER. CARN. IL STEEL CD'S EDGAR THOMSON WORKS BRADDOCK, PA NOTE - THIS MAP CORRESPONDS TO MACAELLARS MAP N. 2 TERY
.
.9
THE UNWRITTEN HISTORY OF BRADDOCK'S FIELD.
best information on the subject is to be had from two maps, or plans of the battle, made by Patrick MacKellar subsequent to the battle.
Patrick MacKellar was the engineer with Braddock's expedition. It was his business to go ahead with the axemen and lay out the route. After the battle, he was asked by General Shirley to prepare a map of the ground. He prepared two sketches, submitting them to the surviving officers of the expedition, by whom they were approved. Map No. 1, is entitled, "A sketch of the field of battle of July 9th, upon the Monongahela, seven miles from Fort Duquesne, shewing the disposition of troops when action began". The title of Map No. 2, is, "A sketch of the field of battle shewing the disposition of troops about 2 o'clock, when the whole of the mainbody had joined the advanced and working parties then beat (en) back from the ground they occupied as in plan No. 1."
Although these maps were known and used by Parkman and others, no serious attempt was ever made to reconcile them with the ground as it exists to-day until the year 1909. In that year, Mr. Sidney Dillon, then chief draftsman of the Edgar Thomson Works of the United States Steel Corporation, now chief engineer of the Carnegie Steel Company, stimulated by some special researches made by Prof. John K. Lacock, of Havard Uni- versity and Prof. Henry Temple, of Washington & Jefferson College, made a composite topographic chart, laying the MacKellar maps on the maps of the present boroughs of Braddock and North Braddock. Mr. Dillon also had access to the Carnegie McCandless Company's topographic outlines which showed contours of the bottom lands as they existed before ground was broken for the erection of the great steel mills and furnaces which cover much of the site.
Mr. Dillon's maps are regarded as authoritative. They carry the action somewhat farther up the hill, and a little to the west of the position the old residents were accustomed to regard as the main theater of battle. But there is nothing in recorded history inconsistent with the Dillon location; while contours, time, and recorded references in journals and let- ters of the period harmonize remarkably well, even to minute detail with these maps. Especially is this true of Washington's statement that the advance line had proceeded "about six hundred perches" beyond the river when attacked. The location of Braddock's spring, where the General was given a drink as he was being carried back from the fight adds weight to the argument.
Braddock community has a modern history to be proud of, as well as colonial. Here, within the borough limits of North Braddock, are loca-
-
10
THE UNWRITTEN HISTORY OF BRADDOCK'S FIELD.
ted the Edgar Thomson Steel Works, among the greatest of their kind. These works were the first of the great Carnegie works, and have always been regarded as the foundation of the Carnegie fortunes. In Rankin are the McClintick-Marshall mills which recently demonstrated to the world their importance by making and installing all the locks in the Panama canal. Not less than seventeen huge blast furnaces and many open hearth furnaces, and many plants of less importance, but which in some localities would be deemed colossal, are found here. The Braddock library is the "oldest Carnegie Library in America", and the Carnegie Club, operated under the same management, has been and is a pioneer in welfare work for mill men, and a community center for every kind of philanthropic movement. Braddock banks have no equal in communities of this size. The mercantile interests are cared for by hundreds of stores, some of them large enough and doing a business sufficient to merit the title metropolitan. The several boroughs are well churched and well schooled. There are five main trunk line railroads and six distinct trol- ley lines, while the Monongahela river which touches all three boroughs of the community center carries a freightage greater than that of New York City, much of which originates here.
The chapters of this book take up and elaborate these matters in detail. As its title implies, the purpose of the history committee is not so much to review what has hitherto been written, but to condense and preserve the events of recent times, bringing local history up to date.
.
EARLY HISTORY AND PIONEER SETTLERS OF BRADDOCK'S FIELD.
BY MISS DILLIE STEINMETZ.
In the early part of the eighteenth century the region along the Monongahela River near the junction of Turtle Creek was inhabited by Queen Alliquippa and her tribe, the Delawares. Her royal wigwam was located a short distance above the junction and here she ruled, with her tribe in complete and satisfied subjection to her authority. In 1742 John Frazier, his wife and family, came to this wilderness from the country near Philadelphia. Frazier, perceiving the junction of Turtle Creek with the river, thought it a suitable place to build a cabin, and according- ly Alliquippa not only gave him permission to build, but also gave him a grant of several hundred acres of land. From historical and traditional stories concerning Frazier, there is no doubt of the fact that he was the first white settler west of the Alleghany Mountains. The site of this cabin has long since been obliterated by the great industrial plant, the Edgar Thomson Steel Works. Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, in his report at the Council and House of Burgesses of Virginia under date of Feb. 14, 1754 refers to this cabin as mentioned by Washington in his report of his mission to the French constructing forts on the Ohio. Governor Dinwiddie states that Frazier had lived here upwards of twelve years. Also, Chris- topher Gist in his Journal says that he and Washington stayed there the night of Thursday, November 22. 1753, and again Sunday, December 30, and Monday, Dec. 31, 1753.
Washington had made a trip to Fort Le Boeuf in the winter of 1753-54 and reported that the French were contemplating building other forts. Accordingly Governor Dinwiddie was convinced that inaction on his part would lose to the English the whole of the Ohio Valley. A council was held at Alexandria, Va., on April 4, 1755, which decided to send an expedition against the French at Fort Duquesne, which was at the point where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers form the Ohio. General Edward Braddock who was commissioned General-in-Chief of His Majesty's forces in America, and who had arrived at Alexandria, Va., Feb. 20, 1755, was to lead the expedition, assisted by Virginia provincials under George Washington. After a long, tedious and laborious march, Brad- dock's troops arrived at the spot, where the town of Braddock now stands,
12
THE UNWRITTEN HISTORY OF BRADDOCK'S FIELD.
on July 9, 1755. They were marching along towards Fort Duquesne when a heavy, sharp fire of musketry was poured in upon them from an unseen foe. The troops became panic stricken, and when Braddock was mortally
"Plan & "Fruit of Land called "Braddock"Fald " Patented by the Commonwealth of Benniganin to George Wallace , Esquire. On the Fourth ing of March, 101.
White Oak.
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South, 5" West. 95 Per. By Land of Peter Kolotur.
South To Host, 129 Per.
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Area 325 Acres.
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-
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Consideration 49.104.
Pannichania Colonial
Currency $263 to the E
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By Lana of John Frazier.
MONONGAHELA RIVER the ore upthe same bounding theren to the locust on the bank of the river.
Beginning ata!
PICTURE OF PLAN GRANTED TO WALLACE.
wounded, Washington and his men covered the retreat, and carried the wounded general to a camp near the present city of Uniontown, where he died July 13, 1755. This conflict is known in history as Braddock's Defeat, and the territory where it occurred is Braddock's Field. In this conflict George Washington and his provincials were schooled in the arts of war
of Six percent for roads
Post
1
13
THE UNWRITTEN HISTORY OF BRADDOCK'S FIELD.
which gave them the confidence in their prowess, that enabled them later successfully to throw off the yoke of oppression and establish a nation which is now attracting the admiration and wonder of the world.
Another time this territory figures in the history of the country was in what is known as the Whiskey Rebellion. The Scotch-Irish farmers west of the Alleghanies lacking a ready market for their surplus grain, found that they could dispose of their corn and rye, by distilling it into whiskey. In 1791, Congress, to increase the revenue, put a tax on the product, and the people refused to pay it, saying it was oppressive. The au- thorities decided the tax must be paid, if force had to be used, and on Au- gust 1, 1794, the insurgents met on Braddock's Field, thousands of them, distillers and their sympathizers, all ready for any act of violence. Governor Mifflin being unable to quell the rebellion, President Washington declared the national government would. He called for troops from Pennsylvania and adjoining States and soon an army, fifteen thousand strong, was march- ing for the mountain barrier as Braddock and Forbes had marched years before. A show of force was enough and the insurgents yielded and there was no further trouble in collecting the tax.
George Wallace, Esq., of Pittsburgh purchased a tract of 328 acres of land from Peter Rowletter, Rowletter having gotten it from Captain Ed- mondstone, who signed the grant in the name of King George of England, Edmondstone at that time being commandant at Fort Pitt. The records show he was the last British commandant of Fort Pitt. This tract of land called Braddock's Field was patented by the commonwealth of Penn- sylvania to Wallace on the Fourth of March, 1791.
In 1804 Wallace built a country home on this grant which was known as the mansion and was occupied by Mr. Wallace and his wife. Mr. Wal- lace died and by the conditions of his will, at the death of his wife, the farm known as Braddock's Field was to go to his nephew, George Wallace. This said George Wallace became involved to the United States Bank, now the Bank of Pittsburgh, and the property was sold at sheriff's sale and pur- chased by the bank.
The farm and the Mansion were bought in 1846 by James W. Bu- chanan and George H. Bell, and the records show, "the said Buchanan by Articles of Agreement, between him and the said Geo. H. Bell, dated July 29, 1850, declared that he held the same for the use of himself and the said Bell, each being entitled to the undivided half thereof." The records further show that the part of Braddock's Field south of Braddock Street or the plank road was to be sold and any surplus, after meeting all bal-
14
THE UNWRITTEN HISTORY OF BRADDOCK'S FIELD.
ances, was to be equally divided. Of the part north of said line Bell should have the land eastwardly of the Wilkinsburg Road, or the present Jones Avenue, and Buchanan the part westwardly of said road.
George Bell, his wife, Margaret, and his family took up a residence in the Mansion about 1848, when it was relinquished by the Wallace fam- ily, and it has since remained in this family, being occupied at the present time by George Bell's daughter, Mrs. Allen Kirpatrick, a most amiable woman, and her daughter, Mrs. David F. Collingwood and family. This house is historically noted, for in it, Judge Wallace entertained, on his final visit to the United States in 1825, the loyal and true friend of the colonists, the Marquis De Lafayette.
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