USA > Pennsylvania > Luzerne County > Wilkes-Barre > A history of Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, from its first beginnings to the present time; including chapters of newly-discovered, Vol. II > Part 53
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Dethick Hewitt, -
Levi Hicks, John Hammond,
Jacob Morris, Benjamin Potts,
Lazarus Stewart, Jr., Lazarus Stewart, William Smith,
Levi Spencer, James Spencer,
Edward Spencer,
Caleb Spencer, Solomon Squire,
Benjamin Shaw,
John Sharar,
Robert Young.
PITTSTON DISTRICT.
Noah Adams,
Isaac Adams,
Daniel Allen,
James Brown,
James Brown, Jr.,
David Brown,
Jeremiah Blanchard,
Tames Bagley,
Isaac Baldwin,
Rufus Baldwin,
Ishmael Bennet,.
Caleb Bates,
Samuel Billings,
- Thomas Cooper, Daniel Cash, Eber Crandall, Tohn Carr, Barnabas Carey,
Isaac Smith, Jr., James Stark, William Stark, - Asa Stevens, Darius Spafford,
Elihu Waters,
Richardson Avery, Richardson Avery, Jr., Christopher Avery, William Avery,
Peter Wheeler, John Williams,
Jonathan Weeks,
Jonathan Weeks, Jr.,
- Nathan Wade.
Thomas Brown, Jesse Bissell, James Bidlack, Jr., Asa Burnham,
Philip Weeks, Edward Walker,
William Warner,
Abel Yarington.
KINGSTON DISTRICT.
James Atherton, James Atherton, Jr., Asahel Buck, William Buck,
Aholiab Buck,
Richard Brockway, . Asa Brown,
Benjamin Budd,
Thomas Bennet,
Samuel Ensign,
William Dunn, William Dunn, Jr., Robert Durkee, Thomas Durkee,
Henry Bush, Kingsley Comstock, Samuel Cummings, Elias Church, Gideon Church, :
Amaziah_Cleveland,
Nathan Denison, Amos Draper, George Dorrance,
Thomas_Carscadden,
Daniel Denton,
Gilbert Denton,
Frederick Eveland,
Stephen Fuller, Jr.,
William Gallup,
Daniel Finch, Sr., James Frisbie,
John Franklin,
David Inman,
Robert Jameson,
James Green, Elias Green, James Gould, John Garrett,
Joseph Hageman, Simeon Hyde, John Hyde, Asahel Hyde, Samuel Hutchins, John Hollenback, Matthew Hollenback, Howlet Hazen, Robert Hopkins, Gamaliel Irasdel, Solomon Johnson, William Judd, Ebenezer Lane,
Thomas McClure, Thomas Neal, Martin Nelson, William Nelson, Aaron Pixby,
James Legget,
Nathaniel Landon, Peter Lowe,
Robert McIntire,
Winchester Matthewson, Seth Marvin, John Murphy, Phineas Peirce,
Timothy Peirce, Ezekiel Peirce, John Peirce, Noah Pettebone, John Perkins, Isaac Phillips, Ashbel Robinson, Elias Roberd, Elias Roberd, Jr., Timothy Rose, Elijah Shoemaker, Benjamin Skiff, John Smith, William H. Smith, Timothy Smith, Lockwood Smith,
Charles Gaylord, Justus Gaylord, Aaron Gaylord, Zachariah Hartsouf, Benjamin Harvey, Silas Harvey, Timothy Hopkins, Thomas Heath, John Heath, Jonathan Hunlock, William Huribut, Crocker Jones, Benjamin Kilbourn, Rufus Lawrence, Ephraim McCoy, Nicholas Manvil, David Marvin, Matthew Marvin, James Nesbitt, Jonathan Pritchard, Noah Pettebone, Samuel Ransom, Josiah Rogers, Peren Ross,
Daniel Roberts,
Hezekiah Roberts, James Roberts, Ebenezer Roberts, Elisha Richards, William Reynolds, Thomas_Sawyer, Simon Spalding, Oliver Smith, William Stewart, Obadiah Scott, Daniel Sherwood, Robert Spencer,
John Jameson, . William Jameson, John Jackson, James Lasley,
George Liquors, Edward Lester, William McKerachan,
Dudley Hammond, Amariah Hammond, Eglon Hatch,
Ezekiel Hamilton,
Esther Follett,
Benjamin Follett, Eliphalet Follett,
John Fish,
Asahel Jearoms, William Kellogg, Jesse Lee,
Thomas Pickard, Ebenezer Parks, William Parker, Tunia Preston, Ebenezer Phillips,
Thomas Porter, Jeremiah Ross, Jacob Shufeldt, Josiah Stanburrough,
Adonijah Stanburrough, John Staples, James Staples, Joseph Staples, Josiah Smith, Isaac Smith,
Timothy Howe, Abraham Harding, Thomas Harding,
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Joseph Crooker, Benjamin Clark, Samuel Cole,
Nathaniel Davenport,
Samuel Downer,
John Ewing,
James Forsythe,
John Franklin,
Roasel Franklin,
Daniel Franklin,
Jeremiah Coleman, Jesse Coleman, William Churchill, Jonathan_Churchill,
Isaac Fitchett, Wait Garrett, Titus Hinman,
Nicholas Hoffman,
Ebenezer Hebard,
John Dorrance,
Thomas Foxen,
. William Hibbard, Cyprian Hibbard,
Richard Inman,
Elijah Inman,
Jonathan Forsythe, Philip Goss, Philip Goss, Jr., Solomon Goss, Nathaniel Goss, Bazabel Gurney, Joseph Gaylord,
James Cook, Peleg Cook,
Eleazar Carey, William Dorton,
Jeremiah Baker, John Bass,
Parshall Terry, Jr., John Tubbs,
Lebbeus Tubbs,
Isaiah Walker, Israel Walker,
Parker Wilson, Ozias Yale.
Benedict Satterlee, William Searle, Constant Searle,
John Van Why, Asaph Whittlesey, Samuel Williams, Rufus Williams, Elihu Williams,
William White, -
Zebulon Butler,
Elisha Blackman, Stoddart Bowen, Benjamin Bailey, Isaac Bennet, Aaron Bower, Asa Bennet,
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(according to the rule observed by those who manipulate vital statistics), we have 2,928, which may be accepted as the probable number of in- habitants in Westmoreland in the Summer of 1776. It should be noted, however, that the names of the Rev. Jacob Johnson of Wilkes-Barre and the Rev. Noah Wadhams of Plymouth do not appear in these lists ; and it may be that the names of others are missing (for example, that of Lieut. John Jenkins, Jr., is not to be found)-men who, for one rea- son or another, were, in like manner as ministers of the gospel, relieved from the payment of taxes. Further, a considerable number of those whose names appear in these lists were, at the time the lists were made up, unfriendly to the New Englanders and to the Connecticut Govern- ment ; and later some of them proved to be downright Tories, who, of course, could not be expected to take up arms against Great Britain.
The fact should be distinctly impressed upon the mind of the reader that, in the Summer of 1776, Wyoming Valley-the chief and most thickly populated locality in the small section of the town of West- moreland which was then inhabited-was, in every respect, an isolated, frontier settlement. The most northern outlying settlements of any consequence under the Government of Pennsylvania which were nearest to Wyoming Valley were Easton and Bethlehem, about sixty-five miles distant, and Sunbury, some sixty miles down the Susquehanna, at the confluence of the North and West Branches of the river. Interven- ing between Wyoming Valley and Easton were the Great Swamp, including the "Shades of Death" (see page 329, Vol. I), and the range of the Kittatinny Mountains beyond. A bridle-path-" the Penna- mites' Path " described on page 646-stretched its narrow course through this dreary region ; but extreme necessity only could oblige a
PITTSTON DISTRICT. (Concluded.)
John Gardner, Peter Harris,
Nicholas Depew [ De Pui], Henry Windecker,
Stephen Harding,
Benjamin Hempstead, Richard Halstead,
Lemuel Harding,
John De Witt,
Isaiah Halstead,
James Hadsall,
Stephen Farrington,
Frederick Frank,
Rudolph Fox,
LACKAWAY DISTRICT.
Lemuel Fitch,
Edward Hicks,
John Ainsley, Hezekiah Bingham,
Roger Clark,
Uriah Chapman,
Samuel Millard,
William Martin,
George Kentner,
Timothy Pearce,
William Pickard,
Nathan Kingsley,
John Larabee,
Isaac Larraway,
David Gates,
David Sanford, Ephraim Sanford,
Elisha Scovell,
Thomas Millard,
Thomas Millard, Jr.,
Benjamin Pawling,
Ephraim Killam, Stephen Killam,
Samuel Slater, Jr.,
Philip Wintermute,
Philip Wintermute, Jr.,
John Stephens, Frederick Smith, Huldrick Shout,
Stephen Parrish,
Isaac Parrish,
Silas Park,
Nathan Thomas,
Enos Woodward, Jr., Elijah Witter.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Joel Strong,
James Cole,
Robert Frazer,
Samuel Freeman,
Thomas Leavenworth,
Phineas Nash,
John Shaw.
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Jonathan Parker, John Ryan, Michael Rood,
Joseph Slocum, -
Jacob Syne,
Read Mallory,
John D. Shoemaker,
Zebulon Marcy,
Nathaniel Gates, Samuel Hallet, Jonathan Haskell, Zadock Killam,
Samuel Slater,
Isaac Tripp, Job Tripp,
Nicholas Phillips,
Jacob Kimball,
John Pellet,
William Pellet, Amos Park,
Zebulon Parrish,
Zachariah Squire,
Eleazar West, William Williams, Nathan Williams, Justus Worden, John Worden.
NORTH DISTRICT
Frederick Anker, Philip Bender,
(EXETER AND PROVIDENCE) . Prince Bryant, Nathan Albeen, Joseph Baker, Samuel Brown, Silas Benedict, Daniel Campbell, Manasseh Cady, Stephen Gardner,
David Bigsby, Jacob Brunner, Joshua Beebe,
James Van Alstyne, Isaac Van Valkenberg, Frederick Vanderlip, Hendrick Winter,
Abram Workman, John Williamson, Thomas Wigton,
-Amos York.
Jeremiah Hogeboom, Eton Jones, Joseph Leonard, Obadiah Munson, James Moore,
Nathaniel Johnson, John Jenkins, Sr., Timothy Keyes,
Casper Hopper,
Reuben Herrington,
Ebenezer Marcy,
Andrew Hickman,
Asa Chapman,
James Dye, Stephen Edwards,
Eliab Farnam,
Solomon Strong, Aaron Stark, Elijah Silsby,
Ebenezer Searle,
Levi Townsend,
William Pawling,
John Stafford, William Shay, David Smith,
Tob Tripp, Jr., Preserved Taylor,
Abel Palmer, Ichabod Phelps, Elijah Phelps,
John Wintermute, Richard West.
NORTH DISTRICT ("UP THE RIVER").
Henry Simmons, Sebastian Strope, Conrad Searle, John Secord, Peter Secord. James Scovell, Jacob Sage, Ephraim Tyler, Isaac Van Alstyne, "Old" Van Alstyne,
Jacob Bowman, Adam Bowman, Elijah Brown, Philip Buck,
Cole, Elisha Wilcox,
Stephen Harding, Stephen Harding, Jr.,
John Depew [ De Pui], Josiah Dewey,
Daniel Ingersoll, Benjamin Jones, Nathan Jones, Thomas Joslin,
Thomas Picket,
879
person to travel it. Between Wyoming Valley and Sunbury there was easy communication by water at all times of the year, except when the river was frozen over or filled with floating ice.
Along all the upper branches of the Susquehanna dwelt the Six Nation and other Indians. They were in force at Tioga Point (which was within the bounds of Westmoreland), at Oghwaga, at Unadilla, at Chenango, or Otsiningo, and at Newtown. From Tioga Point, where they were accustomed to rendezvous, boats could-in times of high water-descend to Wyoming in twenty-four hours. Thus, it will be seen, a numerous, warlike and naturally cruel enemy-then at peace, however-was within striking distance of Wyoming on one side, while on the other dwelt embittered and disappointed foes. Thus near was danger ! Thus exposed was Wyoming !
At a meeting of Governor Trumbull and the Council of Safety at Lebanon, Connecticut, July 6, 1776, it was voted, on application of Col. Eliphalet Dyer, " that the Selectmen of Westmoreland may receive at Elderkin and Wales' mill* not exceeding 200 lbs. of gunpowder-they to account to the Colony therefor at the price of 5s. 4d. per pound." At Wilkes-Barre, just one month later, and only a few days after news had been received here concerning the Declaration of Independence, the following letter was written to the Connecticut Delegates in the Conti- nental Congress. The original letter (the body of it in the handwriting of Christopher Avery) is in the possession of Mr. James Terry of Con- necticut, previously mentioned, and by his courtesy is now printed for the first time. It reads-verbatim et literatim-in this wise : "To Messrs. SHEARMAN, WOLCOT, & HUNTINGTON, Delegates, &c .:
"Gentlemen-As it appears to us to be the Duty of Every Infant settlement when apprehensive of any Danger-altho the same may arize from want of Propper knowledge of what appears very interesting to their safety & well being-to lay the same before the Parental state from which they acknowledge they ought to receive help, inspiration and knowledge and being from Experience sensible that the safety and well being of an Infant is under the equal Care of a tender Mother as those grone to riper years: from the consideration of which we are induced: To Lay the following subject matters before you, & if thought worth notice that you will Lay the same before the Honourable the Conti- nental Congress.
"As the Northern Army has Returned from Canady & we are informed that the Indians has failed of attending the treaty with his Excellency General Schuylert & also there is reports from persons of integrity from the Indians up this River that they are generally going to a treaty with Johnsont &c., and are driving off their cattle &c. to that quarter which we apprehend is a sufficient reason to induce us to believe that without some propper steps to prevent, the Indians may be induced to ravage this Infant back settlement; for some of the Mohock tribe being Informed that Johnson was killed ( which information proved false) appeared very insolent & seemed to attempt revenge on some persons therefor. We are apprehensive & have reason to fear that the trade being stop- ped on this river, & the want of that former friendly supply of powder and goods to take of their skins, &c., may be productive of their taking other methods to furnish them- selves with blankets, &c., from that quarter; and we cant forbear mentioning we think it extreamly hard to have our arms kept from us at this Critical Day, as none has been returned according to order of Congress, and the circumstances of our country & situation is such at this time that we cannot furnish ourselves with a sufficient quantity of firearms & powder & lead for the defence of this settlement in case of an attack from the Indians.
"We beg leave Just to mention that there has a large number of young People gone into the service, and that Capt. Robert Durkee has obtained Liberty from a General Officer at New Yorks for raising a Compy here to join the Continental Army there.
* See page 463, Vol. I.
t In June, 1776, by direction of the Continental Congress, Maj. Gen. Philip Schuyler held a treaty with the Six Nation Indians, for the purpose of securing their neutrality. Relative to this see Chapter XIV, post.
Col. GUY JOHNSON, mentioned in the note on page 300, Vol. I, and on page 822, Vol II.
¿ General WASHINGTON.
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Which we are and ever shall be extremely fond of forwarding at all times, but cant help mentioning our fears of being dreaned of men & arms which those that Inlist have a right to carry with them guns &c. which will naturally weaken and lesson our numbers but nevertheless shall cheerfully answer all calls from Congress, Generalls or Government, ever supposing they are best acquainted with what would be most expedient for our safety &c. As perfection cannot be expected from persons who settle new Countrys, yet we beg Leave to request the favour of a few things which we believe might be granted consistant with the general good & safety of the whole: First, we are Induced to believe that to keep a number of Companies near the frontiers at this time would be a means of preventing any insults or hostilities from the Indians or tories on the frontiers, & the grand article provisions is very plenty now & doubtless all along the frontier; and if a few Companies at discrestion were stationed here and at Coshothton [Cochecton, or Cushe- tunk-q. v.] and at the West Branch it would certainly secure a very Important Pass, and could be supplyed with provisions here; also if there were spare arms & ammunition to furnish those destitute here they could be a great help in assisting in case of need, and might be paid for with provisions, etc.
"Gentlemen, we have the greatest confidence of your zeal for the good of the Con- tinent in General, therefore rely on your assistance in forwarding the above matters being laid before the Honourable Congress and in such way as shall be thought Best & for the obtaining their answer or conclution on the said matters for the Quieting the minds of the People here and that the same might be Transmited to us by Mr. Elisha Swift who we espetially send on the account of the above. In meanwhile we remain your Honours most obediant most Humbe Servts
" Dated Westmoreland, [Signed]
August 6, A : D : 1776.
" ZEBULON BUTLER,
"NATHAN DENISON, Justices.
"JOHN JENKINS,
" CHRISTOPHER AVERY,
"SAMUEL RANSOM,
"GEORGE DORRANCE,
"SOLOMON STRONG,
"OBADIAH GORE, JR.,
" ELISHA SWIFT,
Committee of
" PEREN ROSS,
"JEREMIAH BICKFORD,
Inspection."
On the above date Col. Zebulon Butler wrote a personal letter* to the Hon. Roger Sherman, in which he said: "You will see by the rep- resentations from this town that we are under apprehensions of danger from the Indians, as our army has retreated to Crown Point, and every artifice using to set the Indians on us, by Johnson and Butler at Niag- ara." Colonel Butler also referred in vigorous language to the want of arms in Westmoreland-" those eighty guns taken " from the West- moreland people at Warrior Run nearly a year previously not having been returned. "Our other property," he wrote, " though valuable, we would not mention at this day ; but our arms we cannot forbear speak- ing of, as there are none to be purchased, and we a frontier, and so unanimously willing to defend the United States of America, at the risk of our lives."
At Philadelphia, under the date of August 20, 1776, Mr. Sherman replied to the foregoing letters in a communication to Colonel Butler, as followst:
"I received by Mr. Swift your letter of the 6th inst., with the representation made by the Authority, Selectmen and Committee of Inspection concerning their apprehension of trouble from the Indians; upon which we applied to Congress to raise some companies upon the Continental establishment. The application was referred to the Delegates of Connecticut and Pennsylvania, who reported for raising three companies in the town of Westmoreland, to be under the command of a Major-which now lies before Congress, not acted upon; also a report for raising a battalion in Pennsylvania for defence of the frontiers of that State. Since these applications were made we have had favorable accounts from the Indians that they refused to comply with the solicitations of Butlert and others to take up arms against the Colonies, and are determined to remain neuter. I
* See Miner's "History of Wyoming," pages 187 and 192.
t The original letter of Mr. Sherman was, in 1900, the property of the late J. Ridgway Wright of Wilkes-Barre, and is now published for the first time.
I Maj. JOHN BUTLER. For his portrait, and a sketch of his life, see Chapter XIV.
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Selectmen.
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don't know what will be finally done about raising troops to defend the frontiers, but if any are raised in Pennsylvania 'tis probable you will be allowed to raise three companies. We shall pay proper attention to the affair, and if anything is done about it shall give you the earliest notice. . I hope your people will have restitution of their effects, taken at the Warriour's Run, after the state of Pennsylvania hath settled a regular Government."
A conference of representatives from the Committees of Corres- pondence in the various counties of Pennsylvania was held at Philadel- phia in June, 1776, when it was unanimously resolved "that the pres- ent Government of this Province is not competent to the exigencies of our affairs, and that it is necessary that a Provincial Convention be called for the express purpose of forming a new Government in this Province, on the authority of the people only." The Declaration of Independence following soon after gave the old Provincial Government a mortal blow, and arrangements were immediately made for the hold- ing of a general convention of representative men of the Province. The delegates to this Constitutional Convention met at Philadelphia July 15, 1776, and organized by electing Benjamin Franklin President, George Ross Vice President, and John Morris and Jacob Garrigues Secretaries. The convention completed its labors September 28, 1776, by making a "Declaration of Rights," and by adopting Pennsylvania's first Consti- tution,* which went into immediate effect, without a vote of the people, and continued in force until the adoption of a new Constitution in Sep- tember, 1790. The executive power of the State, under its Constitu- tion, was vested in a "Supreme Executive Council," to be composed
* In order that certain references and statements in subsequent pages may be more readily under- stood, and because copies of the Constitution of 1776 are not of easy access to general readers, we print here some sections of the Constitution in full, and other sections in substance.
"CHAPTER I.
Whereas the inhabitants of this Commonwealth have, in consideration of
protection only, heretofore acknowledged allegiance to the King of Great Britain; and the said King
has not only withdrawn that protection, but commenced and still continues to carry on, with unabated vengeance, a most cruel and unjust war against them, employing therein not only the troops of Great Britain, but foreign mercenaries, savages and slaves, for the avowed purpose of reducing them to a total and abject submission to the despotic domination of the British Parliament, with many other acts of tyrrany, " * whereby all allegiance and fealty to the said King and his successors are dissolved and at an end, and all power and authority derived from him ceased in those Colonies. *
"CHAPTER II. Section 1. The Commonwealth or State of Pennsylvania shall be governed here- after by an Assembly of the Representatives of the freemen of the same, and a President and Council, in manner and form following:
Section 2. The supreme legislative power shall be vested in a House of Representatives of the freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Section 3. The supreme executive power shall be vested in a President and a Council.
Section 5. The freemen of the Commonwealth and their sons shall be trained and armed for its defence, under such regulations, &c., as the General Assembly shall by law direct; preserving always to the people the right of choosing their Colonel and all commissioned officers under that rank, in such manner and as often as by the said laws shall be directed.
Section 7. The House of Representatives shall consist of persons most noted for wisdom and virtue, to be chosen, &c .; nor shall any member, while he continues such, hold any other office, except in the militia.
Section 9. The members of the House of Representatives shall be chosen annually by ballot by the freemen, on the second Tuesday in October, and shall meet on the fourth Monday of the same month, and shall be styled "The General Assembly of Representatives of the Freemen of Pennsyl- vania," and shall have power to choose their Speaker, the Treasurer of the State, and their other offi- cers, &c.
Section 10. Each member, before he takes his seat, shall make and subscribe the following declara- tion, vis .: "I do believe in one God, the Creator and Governor of the Universe, the rewarder of the good and punisher of the wicked. And I do acknowledge the Scriptures of the Old and New Testa -. ments to be given by Divine inspiration."
Section 10. For the present the Supreme Executive Council shall consist of twelve persons chosen in the following manner: Freemen of the city of Philadelphia and of the counties of Philadelphia, Chester and Bucks to choose one person for the city and one for each of the counties, for three years; the freemen of the counties of Lancaster, York, Cumberland and Berks to elect one person for each county, to serve two years; the freemen of the counties of Northampton, Bedford, Northumberland and Westmoreland to elect one person for each county, to serve one year. Thereafter, in each vacancy, a Councilor to be chosen for three years. "By this mode of election and continual rotation more men will be trained to public business, there will in every subsequent year be found in the Council a number of persons acquainted with the proceedings of the foregoing years, whereby the business will be more consistently conducted, and moreover the danger of establishing an inconvenient aristocracy will be effectually prevented. The President and Vice President shall be chosen annually by the joint- ballot of the General Assembly and Council, of the members of the Council. · In case new addi- tional counties shall hereafter be erected in this State, such county or counties shall elect a Councilor The Council shall meet annually, at the same time and place with the General or Councilors. *
Assembly. * The President shall be commander-in-chief of the forces of the State, but shall not command in person, except advised thereto by the Council."
Section 26. Courts of Sessions and Common Pleas, and Orphans' Courts, shall be held quarterly in each city and county.
Section 30. Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the freeholders of each city and county respectively; that is, two or more persons may be chosen for each ward or district, as the law shall
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of members elected (but not on a general ticket) by the counties. The members of the General Assembly (" Representatives ") and the members of the Council ("Councilors ") were to meet together once a year to choose from the Councilors, by joint-ballot, a President and a Vice President. The Assembly and the Council (under the new Con- stitution) met in Philadelphia November 28, 1776, and elected Thomas Wharton, Jr., President, and George Bryan Vice President of the Coun- cil and of the State, and John Jacobs Speaker of the House. With the election of Mr. Wharton the rule of the Penns ended in Pennsylvania; the royal and proprietary Government quietly died without a sigh, and the Commonwealth, or State, of Pennsylvania began its existence.
The Constitutional Convention, at one of its early sessions, received from certain inhabitants of Northumberland County a memorial, which was referred to a committee for consideration. On August 1st this com- mittee reported to the Convention that the facts set forth in the memo- rial were well supported by evidence ; whereupon the following resolu- tions were adopted (see "American Archives," Fifth Series, I : 709):
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