USA > Pennsylvania > Bradford County > History of Bradford County, Pennsylvania, with Illustrations and biographical sketches > Part 64
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249
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
opened fire, checking the enemy's advance and compelling him to fall back, with some loss in killed and wounded. Its line of advance from Gettysburg, the railroad, was cut off, however, but it kept to the right, and fell back to Dillsburg. Here it fell in with a portion of Jenkins' Cavalry, moving south from Carlisle. But by maintaining a firm front the enemy was deterred from attacking, and the regiment ar- rived at Fort Washington, opposite Harrisburg, on Sunday, June 28, after a forced mareh, with a loss in the campaign of 72 men taken prisoners.
The 30th Regt. also contained one company from Brad- ford County,-Capt. Newman's, of Canton. This regi- ment, however, does not appear to have met the enemy, thoughi organized and mustered into service June 20.
On the 26th, Gov. Curtin issued his proclamation calling on the people for 60,000 troops for ninety days, deelaring the enemy to be advancing on the border in force,-a fact that heretofore had been hard to believe by the State. But the people at once sprang to arms, and twenty-eight regi- ments were soon organized, numbered from the 32d to the GOth, besides several independent companies and batteries.
However, the battle of Gettysburg, contested fiercely and stubbornly for three days,-July 1, 2, and 3,-routed Lee's army, and turned his attention from the rich spoils of the fruit- ful valleys of Pennsylvania to the avenues of escape for his defeated and harassed columns into Virginia, and the invasion of the Keystone State was at an end, the further service of the State troops rendered unnecessary, and they were, ae- cordingly, for the most part, mustered out during August and September.
Under the last call two companies from Bradford County were raised and assigned to the 35th Regt., and mustered into service July 2. It was organized in Harrisburg, and, with other regiments there formed, sent up the Cumber- land valley, a part of them joining the Army of the Po- tomac in Maryland, in readiness to participate in the ex- pected battle at Williamsport, from which Lee fortunately made his escape.
The 26thi Regt. was discharged July 30, the 30th August 1, and the 35th August 7.
TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT.
Field and Stoff Officers .- Col., William W. Jennings; Lieut .- Col., Joseph H. Jenkins ; Maj., Lorenzo L. Greenawalt; Adjt., Harvey W. MeKnight; Quar .- Mast., Charles F. Sayler ; Chap., J. Andrew Kirk- patrick ; Surg., Edward H. Horner ; Asst. Surg., Charles M. Hill; Sergt .- Maj., John W. Royer; Quar .- Mast. Serg., Henry P. Harvey ; Com .- Sergt., Daniel Keiser ; Hos. Stwd., Joseph L. Lemberger.
Company B .- Capt., Warner H. Carnechan; Ist Lieut., Francis Smith ; 2d Lieut., George H. Humphrey.
THIRTIETH REGIMENT.
Field and Staff Officers .- Cel., William N. Monies; Lieut .- Col., David N. Mathewson ; Maj., Samuel H. Newman ; Adjt., William Lance, Jr. ; Quar .- Mast., Butler Dilley ; Surg., John P. Ashcom; Asst. Surg., William P. Nehinger; Chap., William I. Lanee; Sergt .- Maj., Thomas E. Harder; Quar .- Mast. Sergt., Aaron A. Chase ; Com .- Sergt., William B. Hurley ; Hos. Stwd., Park Benedict.
Company C .- Capts., S. H. Newman (promoted to maj., June 25, 1863) ; Jacoh B. Granteer ; Ist Lieut., Matthias K. Morris -; 2d Lieut., Israel Biddle.
THIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT.
Field and Staff Officers .- Col., Henry B. Mckean; Lieut .- Cel., Edward G. Seheiffelin ; Maj., Samuel Knorr ; Adjt., Henry H. Rop ;
Quar .- Mast., Hugh Young ; Surg., Rensselaer Ottman ; Asst. Surg., Wellington W. Webb ; Chap., Wm. H. Dill; Sergt .- Maj., Wm. II. Humphrey ; Quar .- Mast. Sergt., John G. Kecler; Com .- Sergt., Clark E. Davis ; Hes. Stwds., Lemuel A. Ridgeway, Jne. C. Lacy, Jr.
Company A .- Capt., Allen Mckean; Ist Lieut., John Saltmarsh ; 2d Lient., William T. Bishop, Jr.
Company C .- Capt., Stephen Gorham ; Ist Lieut., Henry Kceler ; 2d Lieut., IIenry P. White.
CHAPTER XVIII.
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.
ROADS.
THE only roads the early settlers found were the natural highways,-the river and the large ereeks,-and those which had been made by the red men. These paths or trails have been indicated in a preceding chapter. Along the path of Sullivan's army there had been made a road passable for horses, but this had been badly injured during the four years which intervened between the time of that expedition and the settlement of the county. All of the early travelers describe it as a difficult and dangerous path, supported in some places by the trunks of trees, in others nearly filled by the loose earth having fallen down into it, winding over rocks and steep mountain sides, from the tops of some of whose escarpments the traveler might look down hundreds of feet. The fact that the Susquehanna has no natural valley, that it breaks through a succession of ridges, that the faces of these ridges next the river are almost per- pendicular, and reach down sheer to the water's edge, has always made it a difficult and expensive matter to construct roads along the river and to keep them in repair after they have been constructed.
The first settlers in this county experienced the embar- rassment arising from the want of roads, in a great degree. As soon as they could provide for the immediate necessities of their families, they began to set about opening highways for travel and transportation. The river, when navigable; afforded a cheap and ready means of transporting articles down, but to push a large boat or even a canoe against the rapid current and over the shoals and rifts of the Susque- hanna was a pretty formidable undertaking. Then at times the river was rendered impassable on account of ice or floods.
In June, 1788, the first petition for roads in Bradford County found on the files of the Luzerne county court records was presented. It is signed by Thomas Wigton, Nathan Kingsley, and Ambrose Gaylord, and simply says, " The petitioners underwritten, inhabitants of the town of Springfield, respectfully represent that divers roads are thought to be necessary to be laid in said town of Spring- field." The committee of freeholders was Nathan Kings- ley, Justus Gaylord, Oliver Dodge, Thomas Lewis, Isaac Hancock, and Gideon Baldwin.
In September following, Isaac Hancock, Joseph Elliott, Justus Gaylord, and Justus Gaylord, Jr., presented to the court a petition in which they say, " That for the want of public highways, traveling through the said town [Spring- field] is attended with the utmost difficulty ; for remedy
32
250
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
whereof your petitioners humbly beg the honorable eourt to appoint commissioners to lay out and alter the roads in said town as shall be thought to be necessary, with super- visors to work and clear out the same." The same com- missioners were appointed as had been on the former peti- tion, who, in June, 1790, report that they have laid three roads in the town : (1) From the easterly part of the town to the Wyalusing creek at Bennett's grist-mill; thence northerly to the north line of the township. (2) From the town plat between Mr. Baldwin's and Mr. Kingsley's lots, striking on the Wyalusing creek at Porter's saw-mill. (3) Beginning on the river near Bennett's ; up the main road to near Bennett's grist-mill, striking the Wyalusing creek at Porter's saw-mill. From the statements of the pe- tition and the report of the committee it would seem that some attempt had been made before this to open a road up the river. Bennett's grist-mill was on the little stream between Bascom Taylor's and the school-house, near the Wyalusing creek. Porter's saw-mill was on the Wyalusing creek, above the grist-mill, near Mr. Black's.
In June, 1789, parties from about Sheshequin petitioned for a road from Wysox creek to Tioga Point. In their pe- tition they recite that for some years past they have labored under great inconvenience for want of roads ; that the pas- sage over Breakneck was difficult and dangerous ; that at a great expense they had explored and opened a tolerable wagon-road from Wysox to Tioga Point, and pray the court to notify and establish the same. Commissioners were ap- pointed, who return and recommend the approval of the road described, Angust, 1794. At the same session of the court a road was reported as having been laid from old Sheshequin (present Ulster) to Tioga Point.
Two years before this, however, in answer to a petition signed by a number of citizens about Ulster, the court had appointed commissioners (" house-keepers," that is, free- holders, is the term we find frequently used) to lay out a road from Towanda creek to Tioga Point, who reported a survey of a road beginning at Jacob Bowman's tavern, and crossing the Tioga opposite Hollenback's store, and recom- mended its approval, Nov. 20, 1792.
Just two years after, Nov. 20, 1794, a return is made of the survey of a road up the west side of the river from Wyalusing Falls to Tioga ; and another committee reported in favor of opening a road from Meshoppen to Standing Stone. During these years-that is, 1793 to 1795-roads are laid from Tioga to the State line; also, 1794, from " Plum Vale down Pine creek, commonly called Wyasock creek, to the Tioga road, the distance said to be near four miles ;" also up the Susquehanna to Elliott's road; another up the Wyalusing creek from Miner York's new dwelling- house to Benjamin Ackley's blacksmith-shop; thence to Job Camp's house; thence up the creek to Isaac Brown- son's house, which stands near the forks of the creek. In 1795 the road is laid up Towanda creek, and in 1798 one is laid up Sugar creek. In 1799 a road was reported to begin at Col. Elisha Satterlee's, at Athens; and thence easterly over the high land to the forks of the Wyalusing.
These were the most important of the early roads author- ized by the court; but, though authorized, they were not opened and made passable, in many instances, until several
years afterwards. The people were too poor to do very much in the way of opening and improving roads. After the dates last mentioned, the applications for roads became numerous, but as many of them were unimportant ones, and many more were only for changes and modifications of roads al- ready laid, it is not thought necessary to follow them far- ther.
STATE ROADS.
Large tracts of the public land became the property of spec- ulators, who, as was natural, desired to have their estates accessible, in order that the value of their lands might be enhanced, and settlers be brought upon them. It was therefore urged upon the State, as a judicious system of in- ternal improvements, to open great thoroughfares through the State, which would connect widely-distant and import- ant places upon her territory.
The first of these roads, at least the one which is so marked on the surveys on file at Harrisburg, is the " Draft and Return of the Survey of a Road," which is described as beginning on the west side of the river, opposite Wilkes- Barre; thence up the west side of the river to Wyalusing, where it crossed the river near Sugar Run, " a mile below Hancock's ;" thence up the river to the Wyalusing creek ; thence to Towanda and the State line. The distances given by the actual measurement are from Wilkes-Barre to Wya- lusing, sixty-four and a quarter miles ; from Wyalusing to the State line, twenty-nine and a quarter miles. The sur- vey was filed in 1780. This is commonly called the " Old Stage-road," as over it the first mails were carried through the county.
In pursuance of an act of the legislature, passed April 4, 1807, providing for the appointment of a commission to explore and lay out a road beginning at a point where the Coshecton and Great Bend turnpike passes through the Moosic mountains, thence to run in a westerly direction to the western bounds of the State, Henry Donnel and George Haines were appointed the commissioners, who report that they have surveyed and laid out a road accord- ing to the provisions of the act. This road passes through Pike and Wysox townships, crosses the river at Towanda ; thence up Sugar creek, through East Troy, Covington, in Tioga county, etc., and is yet known in the eastern part of the county as the " State road." The commissioners filed their report Feb. 6, 1808.
By virtue of an act of assembly passed March 31, 1821, Zephon Flower and W. D. Bacon were appointed to survey and lay out a road running westerly from Athens. In their report they say they have surveyed a road beginning one mile below Athens, on the State road ; thence southwesterly across the northwest part of Smithfield, through Springfield and Columbia townships, to the line of Tioga county,* the dis- tance being twenty-three miles, one hundred and forty-one perches.
An act of assembly, passed March 30, 1824, authorized the appointment of commissioners to lay out a road from Meansville (Towanda) to Pennsborough. W. Brindle, Ed- ward J. Elder, Eliphalet Mason, and William Thomas were appointed, who report the survey of the road, which they
# They note the course of the county line as north 2º 52' 19" west.
251
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
began at a point which was fourteen rods from the front of the court-house, and then ran to the line between Bradford and Lycoming counties, a distance of seventeen and one- half miles .*
In the early part of this century a company was incor- porated by act of legislature for the purpose of constructing a road from Berwick, on the Susquehanna, to Newtown (Elmira), on the Chemung, which was known as the Sus- quehanna and Tioga turnpike company. The road was popularly called the " Berwick turnpike." In 1817 it was completed from Berwick to the line of Bradford. It was laid down the South branch of the Towanda creek to Mon- roeton, down the creek about two miles farther, thenee over the hills, through Smithfield, Ridgeberry, to Wellsburg, thence to Elmira. Some parts of the road are nearly abandoned, other sections of it have been a public benefit. The company did not comply with the conditions of its charter, and was dissolved a long time ago.
POST-ROUTES AND POST-OFFICES.
An act, passed the first session of the sixth congress, and approved by John Adams, April 23, 1800, established the following post-roads, the first in this county, viz. : "From Wilkes-Barre, by Wyalusing, to Athens ;" also " from Athens, Pa., by Newtown, Painted Post, and Bath, to Canandaigua." On this route two post-offices were estab- lished in this county,-one at Wyalusing, with Peter Ste- vens postmaster, and another at Athens, with William Prenticet postmaster.
While this was the first legalized post-route in the county, regular private expresses had been established in various parts of the county. As early as 1777 an express was es- tablished between the Wyoming settlements and Hartford. Mr. Miner says (p. 198), " Surrounded by mountains, by a wide-spreading wilderness, and by dreary wastes, shut out from all the usual sources of information, a people so in- quisitive could not live in those exciting times without the news. Fortunately, an old, torn, smoke-dried paper has fallen into our possession, which shows that the people of Wyoming established a post to Hartford, to go once a fort- night and bring on the papers. A Mr. Prince Bryant was engaged as post-rider for nine months. More than fifty subscribers remain to the paper, which evidently must have been more numerous, as it is torn in the centre. The sums given varied from one to two dollars each. In the list we find Elijah Shoemaker, Elias Church, George Dorrance, Nathan Kingsley, Elislia Blackman, Nathan Denison, Seth Marvin, Obadiah Gore, James Stark, Anderson Dana, Jere- miah Ross, Zebulon Butler. Payment for the papers was,. of course, a separate matter." Some of the names in the list will be recognized as belonging to Bradford County, as did the post-rider himself. The publishers of the news- papers in Wilkes-Barre established a private express up the river, to accommodate their subscribers, and kept a stand- ing advertisement in their papers announcing the times of the departure of the messengers from the several places on
the route, and their readiness to carry with safety letters and small parcels which might be committed to their care.
During the occupation of Asylum by the French, they established a weekly post to Philadelphia. The postman traveled on horseback. It was continued during the greater part of the time they were in occupation of Asylum.
Returning to the government route, the author has not discovered who had the first contract for carrying mails in this county. In 1803, Charles Mowery and Cyril Peck carried the mail from Wilkes-Barre to Tioga, on foot, once in two weeks.
In 1810, Conrad Teeter contracted with the government to carry the mail once a week in stages from Sunbury to Painted Post, hy the way of Wilkes-Barre, Wyalnsing, and Athens. There are persons yet living who well recollect the cheery face of the stage-driver, as with a crack of his whip he reined his " coach and four." as he was accustomed to call his stage and team, up to the tavern, with the hearty salutation, followed by the news and gossip of the towns beyond.
The date of other post-routes may be found very nearly from the date of the establishment of the post-offices on each route.
LIST OF POST-OFFICES IN BRADFORD CO., FEB. 1, 1878.
SHOWING DATE OF ESTABLISHMENT, AND FIRST POSTMASTER.
Alba, in Alba borough, on the N. C. R. R., Jan. 5, 1827, Irad Wilson.
Allis Hollow, southwestern part of Orwell, Aug. 17, 1868, George J. Norton.
Aspinwall, southeastern part of Wells, established as Old Hickory, May 17, 1838, Alfred Ferguson ; changed to Wells, Feb. 28, 1862, Joel Jewell; changed to Old Hick- ory, July 23, 1868, John O. Randall ; changed to Aspin- wall, Nov. 10, 1869, Levi Morse.
Asylum (old French settlement-see Terrytown) ; changed to Frenchtown, Sept. 15, 1857, Charles Stevens.
Austinville, western part of Columbia, established as Havensville, June 2, 1846, Dunsmer Smith ; changed to Austinville, Aug. 13, 1861, Lyman S. Slade.
Athens, Athens borough, Jan. 1, 1801, William Pren- tice.
Barclay, Barclay mines, Jan. 10, 1866, George E. Fox. Ballibay, southwestern part of Herrick, Oct. 9, 1871, John Nesbit.
Bently Creek, southern part of Ridgeberry, Jan. 7, 1859, Benjamin F. Buck.
Big Pond, in Springfield township, May 31, 1870, Isaac F. Bullock.
Birney, in Herrick township, May 6, 1872, Jno. Bolles.
Browntown, southern part of Wyalusing, on the Pa. & N. Y. R. R., Dec. 11, 1839, Ralph Martin.
Burlington, Burlington borough, Feb. 24, 1849, John Rose.
Bushville, central part of Pike, established as Pike, Jan. 15, 1868, Isaac Ross ; changed to Bushville, Jan. 23, 1871, Giles N. De Wolf.
Cumptown, in Wyalusing township, Dec. 7, 1841, Wm. Camp.
# They give the course of the county line south 80º east. t In 1801, William Prentice advertises a list of letters.
252
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
Canton, Canton borough, Sept. 23, 1825, Asa Pratt.
Carbon Run, western part of Le Roy, July 9, 1874, Robt. A. Abbott.
Cold Creek, in the south part of Pike, March 4, 1870, Edward S. Skeel.
Columbia Cross-Rouds, in Columbia township, on N. C. R. R., Dec. 7, 1826, Elisha S. Goodrich.
Durell, in central part of Asylum, established as Benja- mintown, Nov. 24, 1840, Selden S. Bradley ; changed to Durell, March 29, 1843, W. M. Goff; discontinued Jan. 4, 1844 ; reinstated Dee. 11, 1848, Simeon Decker.
East Canton, eastern part of Canton township, April 15, 1862, Warren Landon.
East Herrick, northeastern part of Herrick, June 26, 1839, Jeremiah C. Barnes.
East Smithfield, central part of Smithfield township, Oct. 11, 1825, James Gerould.
East Troy, three miles east of Troy borough, on Sugar creek, April 25, 1851, Andrus Case.
Edsallville, southwest part of Wells, Dec. 14, 1827, Samuel Edsall.
Elwell, southeast part of Wilmot, May 21, 1857, War- ren R. Griffis.
Evergreen, cast part of Albany, Feb. 9, 1871, William Allen.
Fussett, north part of South Creek, on N. C. R. R., June 6, 1867, Joseph M. Young.
Franklindale, east part of Franklin, Jan. 6, 1826, John Knapp.
Foot of Plane, in Barclay, at the foot of the inclined plane, March 11, 1872, Theodore Streator.
Ghent, in Sheshequin, June 14, 1848, R. N. Horton. Gillett, in South Creek, on N. C. R. R.
Granville Centre, central part of the township, established as North Branch, Dec. 8, 1825, Sylvester Taylor ; changed to Granville, Feb. 25, 1831, Sylvester Taylor ; changed to Granville Centre, Jan. 30, 1865, Luman D. Taylor.
Granville Summit, northeast part of the township, Feb. 9, 1856, William Nichols.
Green's Landing, in the south part of Athens, on the west side of the river, Oct. 18, 1875, W. A. Plummer.
Grover, southwest part of Canton township, Feb. 13, 1872, H. C. Green.
Herrick, central part of the township, established as Wheatland, Feb. 28, 1837, Isaac Camp; changed to Her- rick, Dec. 28, 1837.
Herrickville, north part of the township, July 22, 1843, Daniel Durand.
Highland, southeast part of Burlington, March 27, 1837, George H. Bull.
Highland Lake, in Warren township, Oct. 18, 1870, John I. Arnold.
Homet's Ferry, Frenchtown Station, on Pa. & N. Y. R. R., west part of Wyalusing, Nov. 22, 1869, J. V. N. Biles.
Hornbrook, south part of Sheshequin, Feb. 25, 1827, William S. Way.
Laddsburg, south part of Albany, on State Line R. R., May 11, 1850, Peter Sterigere.
Leona, south part of Springfield, established as Leonard
Hollow, Nov. 13, 1856, Enos Hubbard ; changed to Leona, Ang. 2, 1865, William T. Daley.
Le Raysville, borough, Feb. 12, 1827, Josiah Benham. Le Roy, central part of the township, Dec. 21, 1835, William Holcomb.
Liberty Corners, east part of Monroe, Sept. 5, 1856, Joseph Bull.
Lime Hill, northwest part of Wyalusing, June 30, 1857, John F. Chamberlain.
Litchfield, central part of the township, Nov. 5, 1825, Daniel Bush.
Luther's Mills, central part of Burlington, established as Mercur's Mills, Nov. 24, 1852, Samuel W. Prentice ; changed to Grow, Jan. 7, 1862, James Wilcox ; changed to Luther's Mills, Nov. 16, 1865, Roswell Luther.
Macedonia, northeast part of Asylum, Dec. 20, 1856, William Coolbaugh.
Marshview, south part of Asylum, May 17, 1872, Alvin T. Acla.
Mercur, in the east part of Standing Stone, Aug. 20, 1872, George A. Stevens.
Merrickville, - July 27, 1852.
Merryall, east part of Wyalusing, Dec. 20, 1849.
Milan, north part of Ulster, on Pa. & N. Y. R. R., established as Marshall's Corners, Dec. 21, 1835, Josiah B. Marshall; changed to Milan, Dec. 27, 1838, John L. Webb.
Milltown, north part of Athens, Dec. 9, 1826, William P. Rice.
Minnequa, Canton, on N. C. R. R., Sept. 21, 1869, Richard L. Dodson.
Monroeton, borough, established as Monroe, Oct. 29, 1822, Abner C. Rockwell ; changed to Monroeton, July 30, 1829.
Mountain Lake, central part of Burlington, May 20, 1861, Earl Nichols.
Myersburg, central part of Wysox, April 9, 1850, Elijah R. Myer.
Neath, Welsh settlement, east part of Pike, Oct. 18, 1870, Newton Humphrey.
New Albany, central part of the township, on State Line R. R., April 1, 1826, James Moreland.
New Era, west part of Terry, Oct. 2, 1857, John Huff- man.
Norconks, south part of Wilmot, Dec. 27, 1856, John Cummisky.
North Orwell, north part of the township, March 27, 1833, Roswell Russell.
North Rome, east part of the township, Jan. 5, 1846, Charles Forbes.
North Smithfield, west part of the township, March 2, 1829, Davis Bullock.
North Towanda, northeast part of the township, June 21, 1852, Stephen A. Mills.
Orcutt Creek, northwest part of Athens, June 14, 1848, David Gardner.
Orwell, central part of the township, July 22, 1818, Edward Benjamin.
Overton, southeast part of the township, established as Heverlysville, July 1, 1857, Edward McGovern ; changed to Overton, Feb. 28, 1856, George W. Hottenstien.
253
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
Park's Creek, south part of Litchfield, established as Seeley, Feb. 28, 1870, Daniel Russell ; changed to Park's Creek the same day.
Pike, in the western part of Pike township.
Potterville, east part of Orwell, August 5, 1852, Elizur C. Potter.
Powell, at Greenwood, in Monroe township, on Barclay R. R., established as Linwood, Dec. 3, 1855, Samuel C. Naglee ; changed to Powell, April 1, 1872, Elhanan W. Neal.
Ridgeberry, central part of the township, May 6, 1826, James Covell.
Rome, borough, June 11, 1831, Peter Allen.
Rummerfield Creek, east part of Standing Stone, on Pa. & N. Y. R. R., Dec. 17, 1833, Eli Gibbs.
Sayre, at Junction of Pa. & N. Y., S. C., and G. I. & S. R. R.'s, March 11, 1874, Harvey G. Spalding.
Sheshequin, west part of township, Jan. 1, 1819, Avery Gore.
Silvara, east part of Tuscarora, established as East Spring- hill, April 23, 1868, Daniel L. Crawford ; changed to Sil- vara, May 11, 1875, Andrew J. Silvara.
Smithfield Summit, northeast part of the township, Dec. 21, 1860, Joseph L. Jones.
Snedikerville, northeast part of Columbia, on N. C. R. R., Aug. 1, 1867, William H. Snediker.
South Branch, south part of Monroe, Dec. 11, 1863, Chester Caster.
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